INGLÊS - PRONOUNS

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PRONOUNS
Prof. Eduardo Folks
PRONOUN
A word that is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase.
Pronouns are often used to refer to a noun that has already been mentioned.
Latin pronomen (from pro- ‘for, in place of’ + nomen ‘name’).
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I like your dress.
You are late.
He is my friend.
It is raining.
She is on holiday.
We live in England.
They come from London.
Can you help me, please?
I can see you.
She doesn't like him.
I saw her in town today.
We saw them in town yesterday, but they didn't see us.
She is waiting for me.
I'll get it for you.
Give it to him.
Why are you looking at her?
Don't take it from us.
I'll speak to them.
* He/him e she/her podem ser usados para animais ou coisas quando se quer personificá-los ou tratá-los com afeição.
My kitty is a moggy (mongrel cat). She’s adorable. We love her.
The new ship is huge. She’s very modern.
Italy is a great nation. She has great food.
* Além de designar um animal, um evento ou algo, it também será o sujeito de verbos que, no português, são impessoais. 
(“Empty Subject” em expressões de tempo, distância ou meteorológicas)
It is ten o’clock.
It is 300 miles from here.
It’s going to rain.
1) Mom asked __________ if he had worked yesterday.
a) they		b) he		c) us		d) she		e) I
1) Mom asked __________ if he had worked yesterday.
a) they		b) he		c) us		d) she		e) I
2) Technology for young people today is new, ____________ is exciting, and ___________ is the difference between ______________ and the older generation.
a)	he / he / their
b)	it / it / they
c)	its / its / them
d)	she / she / they
e)	it / it / them
2) Technology for young people today is new, ____________ is exciting, and ___________ is the difference between ______________ and the older generation.
a)	he / he / their
b)	it / it / they
c)	its / its / them
d)	she / she / they
e)	it / it / them
3)______ rarely sees ______ , but ______ always talk on the telephone.
a) She / him / they			d) She / him / them
b) She / he / they			e) She / he / them
c) Her / him / them
3)______ rarely sees ______ , but ______ always talk on the telephone.
a) She / him / they			d) She / him / them
b) She / he / they			e) She / he / them
c) Her / him / them
4) Our friends insist that there is something ______ .
a) between her and I				d) between her and me
b) between she and me				e) between she and I
c) between hers and mine
4) Our friends insist that there is something ______ .
a) between her and I				d) between her and me
b) between she and me				e) between she and I
c) between hers and mine
5) Leia as frases e marque a alternativa cujos pronomes substituem os termos sublinhados:
“Dian Fossey lived in a rain forest where she studied mountain gorillas. The gorillas were gentle and caring. Somebody killed Dian Fossey.”
a) it / they / her / them			d) she / his / his / she
b) her / they / them / she		e) it / them / they / her
c) she / him / he / it
5) Leia as frases e marque a alternativa cujos pronomes substituem os termos sublinhados:
“Dian Fossey lived in a rain forest where she studied mountain gorillas. The gorillas were gentle and caring. Somebody killed Dian Fossey.”
a) it / they / her / them			d) she / his / his / she
b) her / they / them / she		e) it / them / they / her
c) she / him / he / it
The pronoun ‘we’ in ‘Baby boomers won’t let go of the Woodstock Festival. Why should we? In August 1969, hundreds of thousands of people, me among them, gathered...’ 
(adapted from John Pareles, NY Times, 5th August 2009)
The author and his critics.
The readers and other journalists.
John Pareles and other baby boomers.
The author and the newspaper’s editor.
The readers and the critics.
The pronoun ‘we’ in ‘Baby boomers won’t let go of the Woodstock Festival. Why should we? In August 1969, hundreds of thousands of people, me among them, gathered...’ 
(adapted from John Pareles, NY Times, 5th August 2009)
The author and his critics.
The readers and other journalists.
John Pareles and other baby boomers.
The author and the newspaper’s editor.
The readers and the critics.
Baby-boomer - A person born in the years following the Second World War in the UK and the US, when there was a temporary increase in the birth rate (baby boom).
Woodstock - A small town in New York State, situated in the south-east near Albany. It gave its name in the summer of 1969 to a huge rock festival.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS
IMPORTANTE!
Tanto o adjetivo possessivo quanto o pronome possessivo concordam em gênero e número com o POSSUIDOR e não com a coisa possuída.
Mary and HER sons. (Mary e “sua” filhos)
Johnny and HIS houses. (Johnny e “seu” casas)
The company and ITS employees. (A empresa e “sua” funcionários)
That isn’t Mary and Bob’s car. THEIRS is red.
(Aquele não é o carro da Mary e do Bob. O deles é vermelho.) 
ATENÇÃO!
Ann is a friend of ours. = Ann is one of our friends.
Joe borrowed a book of hers. Joe borrowed one of her books.
That’s a cd of mine. That’s one of my cds.
Laurie is a neighbor of theirs. Laurie is one of their neighbors.
BE AWARE!
 on my own
 on your own
 on his own
 on her own
 on our own
 on your own
 on their own
I like living on my own.
She did the dishes on her own.
ALONE
1) Let’s exchange ________ cars; you take ________ and I take _________ .
a) our; mine; yours		c) our; yours; mine		e) its; my; your
b) yours; mine; our	d) theirs; mine; yours
1) Let’s exchange ________ cars; you take ________ and I take _________ .
a) our; mine; yours		c) our; yours; mine		e) its; my; your
b) yours; mine; our	d) theirs; mine; yours
2) All the trees dropped _________ leaves but this one didn’t drop ________ .
a) his; his			c) theirs; its			e) their; its
b) its; theirs			d) its; their
2) All the trees dropped _________ leaves but this one didn’t drop ________ .
a) his; his			c) theirs; its			e) their; its
b) its; theirs			d) its; their
3) Tell her not to forget _________ money, they must not forget ______ either.
a) her; its			c) its; his			e) hers; his
b) its; their			d) her; theirs
3) Tell her not to forget _________ money, they must not forget ______ either.
a) her; its			c) its; his			e) hers; his
b) its; their			d) her; theirs
4) I saw my children a minute ago, but I didn’t see ________ .
a) theirs			c) your				e) its
b) their			d) her
4) I saw my children a minute ago, but I didn’t see ________ .
a) theirs			c) your				e) its
b) their			d) her
5) The primary purpose of luggage is to protect ______ contents from harm.
a) its		b) him	c) hers	d) us	 e) theirs
5) The primary purpose of luggage is to protect ______ contents from harm.
a) its		b) him	c) hers	d) us	 e) theirs
6) The blue pencil is not ______ and is not ______ either; it is ______ .
a) my / his / hers				d) yours / hers / mine
b) your / of her / our			e) yours / his / her
c) yours / his / her		
6) The blue pencil is not ______ and is not ______ either; it is ______ .
a) my / his / hers				d) yours / hers / mine
b) your / of her / our			e) yours / his / her
c) yours / his / her		
REFLEXIVE AND EMPHASIZING PRONOUNS
(-SELF PRONOUNS)
Os “-self” pronouns possuem três usos:
1)	Usados reflexivamente (após verbos ou preposições), indicam que o resultado de uma ação praticada pelo sujeito recai sobre o mesmo:
Peter hurt himself. (Peter hurt Peter.)
 Laurie was talking to herself . (Laurie was talking to Laurie)
Parents often blame themselves for the way their children behave.
WATCH OUT!!
Tammy looked at herself in the mirror.
(The subject and the object are the same.)
Tammy looked at her in the mirror.
(The subject and the object are different. Tammy is looking at someone else in the mirror.)
2)	Usados enfaticamente, após o sujeito ou objeto, destacando-os:
The girls themselves built that sandcastle. (ênfase no sujeito)
They built a replica of the castle itself. (ênfase no objeto)
We decorate the hall ourselves. (ênfaseno sujeito)
We decorate the hall itself. (ênfase no objeto)
3)	BY + -SELF = alone or without any help.
	(on + adj poss + own)
Sue likes to spend time by herself (on her own).
Why don’t you go by yourself (on your own)?
The children made the entire meal by themselves (on their own).
O pronome reflexivo de “one” (aquele; alguém) é “oneself”.
(the reflexive form of the pronoun 'one' when it refers to people in general and to the person speaking.)
One must learn to defend oneself.
One has to learn to control oneself.
Each other = one another
(Reciprocal Pronouns)
We use each other and one another to show that each person in a group of two or more people does something to the others. Each other is more common than one another.
Rick and Gina never liked each other. (Rick never liked Gina and Gina never liked Rick.)
Everyone in the family gave each other presents. (Each member of the family gave each member of the family a present.)
A: How’s Maria? Do you see her often?
B: She’s great. We phone each other/one another regularly.
BE AWARE!
 on my own 			by myself
 on your own			by yourself
 on his own			by himself
 on her own			by herself
 on our own			by ourselves
 on your own			by yourselves
 on their own			by themselves
I like living on my own.
Why did you leave your little brother by himself?
She did the dishes on her own.
ALONE
QUESTIONS
1)	They rarely enjoy _______ when they go there. Do you, Joe and Susan, enjoy _____ ?
a) theyselves; yourself		
b) themselves; yourself	
c) them; yours
d) themselves; themselves
e) themselves; yourselves
1)	They rarely enjoy _______ when they go there. Do you, Joe and Susan, enjoy _____ ?
a) theyselves; yourself		
b) themselves; yourself	
c) them; yours
d) themselves; themselves
e) themselves; yourselves
2)	Ms Kovac assured __________ that the chairman was a faker.
a) myself			c) yourself			e) himself
b) herself			d) itself	
2)	Ms Kovac assured __________ that the chairman was a faker.
a) myself			c) yourself			e) himself
b) herself			d) itself
Ms - 	a title used before the family name or full name of a woman, used to avoid saying if she is married or not.
Miss – single women
Mrs – married women
Mr - men
3) O pronome “itself” como usado na frase “They built a replica of the Globe itself” está com o mesmo uso na alternativa
a)	I often like to spend time by myself.
b)	They are designed for runners like yourself.
c)	She’s very pleased with herself.
d)	I’ll go and see the President himself.
e)	They hurt themselves while cutting wood. 
3) O pronome “itself” como usado na frase “They built a replica of the Globe itself” está com o mesmo uso na alternativa
a)	I often like to spend time by myself.
b)	They are designed for runners like yourself.
c)	She’s very pleased with herself.
d)	I’ll go and see the President himself.
e)	They hurt themselves while cutting wood. 
4) One should learn to defend ___________ against slanders.
a) itself			c) themselves			e) oneself
b) himself			d) herself
4) One should learn to defend ___________ against slanders.
a) itself			c) themselves			e) oneself
b) himself			d) herself
5)	His sister ______ told me that the children amused ______ at the zoo yesterday.
a) himself / herself				d) herself / himself
b) herself / themselves			e) themselves / themselves
c) himself / itself
5)	His sister ______ told me that the children amused ______ at the zoo yesterday.
a) himself / herself				d) herself / himself
b) herself / themselves			e) themselves / themselves
c) himself / itself
PERSONAL PRONOUNS 
 
 SUBJECT PERSONAL PRONOUNS OBJECT PERSONAL PRONOUNS 
 
S 1
a
 I ME (me, mim, -migo) 
I 2
a
 YOU YOU (te, ti, -tigo, você) 
N HE HIM (o, lhe, ele) 
G. 3
a
 SHE HER (a, lhe, ela) 
 IT IT (o, a, lhe, ele, ela) 
 V 
P 1
a 
 WE US (nos, -nosco, nós) 
L. 2
a
 YOU YOU (vos, vosco, vocês) 
 3
a
 THEY THEM (os,as,lhes,eles,elas) 
 
- função de sujeito de orações; - Com a função de objeto (direto ou 
 indireto) de orações 
- São posicionados antes dos verbos; - Posicionados após verbos ou preposições 
- Substitui elementos da oração com a função - Substitui elementos da oração com 
 de sujeito. função de objeto. 
Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns 
 
S MY MINE meu(s),minha(s) 
I YOUR YOURS teu(s),tua(s),seu(s), 
N HIS HIS dele(s),seu(s),sua(s) 
G. HER HERS dela(s),seu(s),sua(s) 
 ITS ITS dele(s),dela(s),seu(s),sua(s) 
 
P OUR OURS nosso(a),nossos(as) 
L. YOUR YOURS seu(s),sua(s), de vocês 
 THEIR THEIRS deles,delas,seu(s),sua(s) 
- Usado antes de substantivos - Usado no lugar da construção 
 Adjetivo Possessivo + Substantivo 
 
 This is my car 
 This car is mine (This car is my car)