AULA_05_-_ESA_2024

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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ESA 
2024 
AULA 05 
Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
Prof. Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Sumário 
1. INTRODUÇÃO 3 
2. CONJUNCTIONS 4 
Tipos de conjunções 4 
3. COMPOUND SENTENCES 11 
4. CONNECTORS / LINKING WORDS 13 
Exemplificação 14 
Contraste 17 
Resumo 19 
Adição 19 
Sequência 22 
5. DIRECT SPEECH 25 
6. INDIRECT SPEECH / REPORTED SPEECH 26 
Verb changes 28 
Time expression changes 29 
Modal verbs changes 30 
7.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 33 
7.1 GABARITO 79 
8. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 81 
9.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 147 
10.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 147 
11.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 148 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
1. Introdução 
 Vamos, então, à nossa aula sobre alguns tópicos considerados complexos e estão sempre 
presentes nas provas: conjunctions, connectors and clauses, direct/indirect ou reported speech 
(discursos direto e indireto). 
 As Conjunctions – conjunções – são palavras que ligam dois diferentes períodos dentro de 
uma mesma sentença. Estudaremos, então, as conjunções e suas famosas orações coordenadas 
e subordinadas. 
 Connectors – conectivos – são palavras que são usadas para conectar dois períodos, mas 
em sentenças diferentes. Eles possuem a mesma função das conjunções, mas são usados em 
situações diferentes. 
 Os discursos direto e indireto são usados quando queremos expressar as informações que 
alguém nos relatou, nos contou. O discurso direto (direct speech) – ao relatar o que alguém disse, 
usando as mesmas palavras que a pessoa utilizou, como mostrarei a você na teoria dessa aula. E, 
por sua vez, o discurso indireto (indirect speech ou reported speech) – ao relatar o que foi dito, 
porém, usando as nossas próprias palavras. 
Esses itens que estudaremos agora são de extrema importância para solucionar questões 
em que há mais de um tempo verbal na mesma frase e, assim, tenta confundir você ou apenas 
descobrir se você aprendeu bem os tempos verbais. 
É claro que seu objetivo é ser aprovado. E, alcançar a aprovação depende de alguns passos, 
tais como adotar uma postura positiva, estudar muito e dar o seu melhor. No caminho até a 
aprovação, você vai resolver exercícios de provas anteriores bem como exercícios inéditos e, essas 
questões irão ajudar você a colocar em prática o que aprende a cada dia. 
Além disso, você estará avaliando seu conhecimento. 
 Vamos lá! Você consegue e estamos juntos! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So 
 
2. Conjunctions 
As conjunções, chamadas também de linking words, connectors ou conectivos são palavras que 
ligam duas partes de uma oração, para que a sentença possa fazer sentido. Observe um 
exemplo, através dessas duas orações: 
ü I wanted to text you. (Eu queria te mandar uma mensagem.) / I don’t have your number. (Eu 
não tenho o seu número.) 
Elas têm uma relação mas falta algo para unir essas frases e fazê-las ter um sentido 
maior: 
I wanted to text you, but I don’t have your number. (Eu queria te mandar uma 
mensagem, mas eu não tenho o seu número.) 
Essa palavra but exerceu o papel que precisávamos: uniu as duas sentenças e 
estabeleceu uma lógica entre elas. Portanto, o but é uma conjunção. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tipos de conjunções 
Há três tipos de conjunções em inglês: 
ü Conjunções Coordenadas (Coordinating Conjunctions) 
ü Conjunções Subordinadas (Subordinating Conjunctions) 
ü Conjunções Correlativas (Correlative Conjunctions) 
 
 
 
Conjunções Coordenadas 
As conjunções coordenadas são as mais comuns e as que geralmente usamos ou 
identificamos quando pensamos em linking words. Elas têm o papel de juntar orações. Elas 
podem juntar orações independentes (ou seja, orações que possuem sentido completo por si 
próprias, sem precisar de outra oração para fazer sentido), frases ou apenas palavras. 
Na língua inglesa há sete conjunções coordenadas importantes: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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For [por]– Explica o motivo ou a proposta de algo (equivalente ao porquê). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
And [e] – Adiciona uma coisa à outra. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nor [nem] – Utilizado para apresentar uma alternativa com ideia negativa à uma outra 
ideia também negativa que já foi afirmada anteriormente. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
But [mas] – Mostra contraste. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Or [ou] – Apresenta uma alternativa ou uma escolha. 
 
 
 
 
 
I go to the park every week, for I love running. 
 [Eu vou ao parque toda semana, por amar correr.] 
Peter though he had a great chance to be accepted at Oxford, for his 
grandfather was the Dean of that university. 
[Paul achava que tinha uma grande chance de ser aceito em Oxford, por seu avô 
ser o reitor daquela Universidade.] 
 
 
Daniel goes to the beach to surf and relax. [O Daniel vai à praia para surfar e relaxar.] 
I love red and white wine. [Eu gosto de vinho branco e tinto.] 
 
 
The virus cannot live in immunized individuals, nor in the air. 
[O vírus não pode viver em indivíduos imunizados, nem no ar.] 
The guy didn’t have the chest of a body builder, nor did he have the six-pack abs. 
[O cara não tinha o peitoral de um fisioculturista, nem tinha o abdômem tanquinho.] 
 
 
The game in the park is entertaining in the winter, but it’s better in the heat of 
summer. 
[O jogo no parque é divertido no inverno, mas é melhor no calor do verão.] 
She is very old but still sensual. [Ela é muito velha, mas ainda é sensual.] 
 
 
Those men play on teams: shirts or skins. 
 [Aqueles homens jogam em times: com camiseta ou sem camiseta.] 
Do you want a boy or a girl, Mom? [Você quer um menino ou uma menina, mamãe?] 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
Yet – Introduz uma ideia constratante que segue logicamente a ideia precedente, similar 
ao “mas”. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
So [então, logo] – Indica efeito, resultado ou consequência. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Observe que as conjunções coordenadas geralmente ficam no meio de uma sentença e 
uma vírgula é utilizada antes do linking word. Quando uma conjunção coordenada conecta duas 
orações independentes (ou seja, que cada uma possui sentido sozinha, sem precisar da outra 
oração para fazer sentido), ela é acompanhada da vírgula. A vírgula será utilizada 
quando but expressar contraste. 
 
 
 
 
 
Conjunções Subordinadas 
Dos três tipos que há de conjunções, as subordinadas são as mais complexas de se 
reconhecer, mas intuitivas de dominar. As conjunções subordinadas introduzem as orações 
dependentes (ou seja, orações que não possuem sentido completo por si próprias, elas 
precisam de outra oração para fazer sentido) prendendo-as a uma oração independente (a que 
possui sentido completo por si só). As conjunções subordinadas estabelecem uma relação de 
sentido entre a oração dependente com o resto da frase. Há inúmeras conjunções subordinadas 
em inglês, as mais comuns são: 
 
 
 
 
 
I often take a book to read, yet I never seem to turn a single page. 
 [Eu frequentemente levo um livro para ler, mas parece que nunca viro uma só página.] 
Dorian was the oldest of the girls, yet her accent was the most prominent. 
[A Doriana era a mais velha das irmãs, mas seu sotaque era o mais proeminente.] 
 
 
I’ve started dating one of the soccer players, so now I have anexcuse to often watch 
the game. 
[Eu comecei a namorar um dos jogadores de futebol, então agora eu tenho uma 
desculpa para assistir aos jogos frequentemente.] 
This is the easiest way to get there, so don’t say anything. 
[Este é o caminho mais fácil para chegar lá, então não diga nada.] 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exemplos: 
 
 
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As orações podem ir em qualquer ordem, ou seja, tanto uma oração dependente 
como uma independente pode começar a frase, mas o que nunca muda é que a 
conjunção subordinada é a primeira palavra da oração dependente. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conjunções Correlativas 
As conjunções correlativas estão sempre em grupo. Elas vêm em pares e você precisa 
utilizar ambas em lugares diferentes em uma oração para fazer sentido. Por esse motivo, elas 
têm esse nome justamente pelo fato delas trabalharem juntas (co-) e por relacionar um 
elemento de uma sentença com outro (relação). Sua correlação sempre denota igualdade, e 
mostra a relação entre as ideias expressas em diferentes partes da sentença: 
 
 
Although I’ve been here before, he’s just too hard to forget. 
Embora eu já tenha vindo aqui antes, ele é muito difícil de esquecer. 
 
I guess I’ll never be the same since I won this medal. 
Eu acho que eu nunca mais serei o mesmo desde que eu ganhei essa 
medalha. 
 
They are watching TV while my mom is making dinner. 
Eles estão assistindo TV enquanto a minha mãe está fazendo o jantar. 
 
If you leave her, she will die. 
Se você deixá-la, ela morrerá. 
 
I’m proud of you because you passed the exam. 
Eu estou orgulhoso de você porque você passou no exame. 
 
Talk to me before you leave. 
Fale comigo antes de partir. 
 
Once you go there, you never forget it. 
Uma vez que você vai lá, você nunca esquece. 
 
When I see you smile, I can do anything. 
Quando eu vejo você sorrindo, eu consigo fazer qualquer coisa. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vejamos alguns exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Há ainda uma outra conjunção, chamada de conjunção adverbial. Ela estabelece uma 
ideia de conjunção que une duas orações, entretanto, por ter valor de advérbio, não é comum 
que ela apareça junto às demais conjunções. 
As conjunções adverbiais mais comuns (apesar de pouco usadas) e que podem aparecer 
em alguma prova de vestibular são: 
as . . . as [como . . . como] 
both . . . and [ambos . . . e] 
either . . . or [ou . . . ou] 
hardly . . . when [dificilmente. . . quando] 
if . . . then [se . . . então] 
just as . . . so [assim como . . . assim] 
neither . . . nor [nem . . . nem] 
no sooner . . . than [não antes . . . do que] 
not . . . but [não . . . mas] 
not only . . . but also [não somente . . . mas também] 
rather . . . than [em vez . . . do que] 
scarcely . . . when [mal. . . quando] 
what with . . . and [o que com. . . e] 
whether . . . or [se. . . ou] 
 
 
 
 
I didn’t know whether you’d want the pizza or hamburger, so I got you both. 
Eu não sabia se você iria querer pizza ou hamburger, então eu peguei os dois para você. 
 
I want either the pizza or the hamburger. 
Eu quero ou a pizza ou o hamburger. 
 
 
 
I’ll eat them both – not only the pizza but also the hamburger. 
Eu comerei os dois – não só o pizza mas também o hamburger. 
 
I’ll have both the pizza and the hamburger. 
Eu vou querer ambos a pizza e o hamburger. 
 
 
 
 
 
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3. Compound Sentences 
Para entender o que são e porque existem as compound sentences – orações coordenadas 
e subordinadas – vou explicar, antes, um detalhe da gramática para você. Uma sentença simples 
(simple sentence), consiste em apenas uma estrutura, geralmente um só verbo, explorando uma 
só ideia: I like salad (Eu gosto de salada), I am happy. (Eu estou feliz), entre outras. 
Uma compound sentence consiste em duas ou mais estruturas frasais independentes, 
assim sendo, demonstra mais ideias, unidas por alguma conjunção, que muitas gramáticas 
chamam de palavras de ligação, já que é o papel que elas exercem, veja exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nota-se que as primeiras frases foram unidas pela conjunção and e a segunda frase, pela 
conjunção but, além de outras, que já estudamos anteriormente e que são responsáveis por 
formar as compound sentences. Vamos recordá-las – as mais comuns são: FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, 
OR, YET, SO. Algumas gramáticas dizem que há um esquema para se lembrar delas: Pensar na 
palavra FANBOYS, iniciais de cada conjunção que se usa para elaborar compound sentences. Veja 
algumas: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sentença 1: I like salad. (Eu gosto de salada). 
Sentença 2: I like pasta. (Eu gosto de massas). 
Compound sentence: I like salad and pasta. (Eu gosto de salada e de massas) 
 
Sentença 1: She went to the mall yesterday. (Ela foi ao shopping ontem). 
Sentença 2: She bought nothing at the mall. (Ela não comprou nada no shopping). 
Compound sentence: She went to the mall yesterday, but she bought nothing. 
 (Ela foi ao shopping ontem mas ela não comprou nada). 
 
 
 
 
 
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He did not cheat on the game, for it was the wrong thing to do. 
(Ele não trapaceou no jogo pois era a coisa errada de se fazer). 
They got there early, and they got good seats. 
(Eles chegaram lá cedo e conseguiram bons assentos). 
They had no food at home, nor did they have money to go to the store. 
(Eles não tinham comida em casa nem dinheiro para ir à loja). 
I really need to go to there, but I am too tired to drive. 
(Eu realmente preciso ir lá mas estou muito cansado para dirigir). 
Should we start class now, or wait for the others to get here? 
(Devemos começar a aula agora ou esperar pelos outros chegarem aqui?) 
I am on a diet, yet I really want dessert. 
(Eu estou de dieta, ainda que eu queira sobremesa). 
 Everyone was busy, so I went to the theater alone. 
 (Todos estão ocupados então eu fui ao teatro sozinho). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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4. Connectors / Linking Words 
Os conectivos – linking words – são aquelas palavras ou expressões que servem para 
estabelecer uma conexão lógica entre frases e elementos de um texto. Muitas delas são 
conjunções ou locuções conjuntivas, mas há também muitos advérbios, preposições, entre 
outros, que estão presentes nos textos. Veja um exemplo com “according to”: 
 
 
 
 
Esses termos podem ser identificados por diversos nomes: linking words, words of 
transition, connectives, words of connection, logical connectors, transition devices, cohesive 
devices, discourse markers ou até connective adjuncts. 
O papel dos famosos linking words é estabelecer relações entre contextos – uma ideia 
anterior e uma ideia posterior.Essas relações podem ser de muitos tipos, tais como exclusão, 
concessão, adição, condição etc. O uso delas confere ao texto coerência e coesão. 
É um assunto muito importante pois, uma vez que linking words são fundamentais para a 
construção de sentenças, é, consequentemente, essencial na produção dos textos de jornais e 
revistas que são usados nas provas, já que são termos que colaboram diretamente com uma boa 
comunicação. Lembrando que as linking words não sofre flexão de grau (aumentativo ou 
diminutivo), número (singular ou plural) ou gênero (feminino ou masculino). Ou seja, são palavras 
invariáveis. 
Para identificar os linking words nos texto que você vai ler, você precisa identificar qual 
ideia o narrador quer expressar. Contudo, é preciso entender que a lista de linking words é 
extensa e você deve, aula após aula, adicionar as que aparecerem em uma lista de estudos e 
assim, aprender cada dia mais. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 “I am not sure but, according to Peter, everybody is going to the party”. 
 “Não tenho certeza mas, de acordo com Peter, todos vão para a festa” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Exemplificação 
Para exemplificar, uma expressão muito comum é o tão usado “for example” (por 
exemplo), que também pode ser substituído por “for instance” e aparece em muitos textos. 
 
 
 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Para exemplificar e dar ênfase em palavras, em ideias, também são usados outros linking 
words, vistos no quadro abaixo e um exercício para treinar e visualizar melhor em um contexto 
de prova: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There are many topics to study, for example, countable and uncountable nouns. 
Há muitos tópicos para estudar, por exemplo, substantivos contáveis e incontáveis. 
 
 
 
There are many topics to study, for instance, countable and uncountable nouns. 
Há muitos tópicos para estudar, por exemplo, substantivos contáveis e incontáveis. 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Para ilustrar os linking words de exemplificação, vejamos um texto retirado da prova do 
IME/2015, em que aparece “for instance”. 
Se a questão abordasse os exemplos decorrentes do parágrafo em que a expressão em questão 
aparece, poderia ser assim: 
Questão IME/2015 – According to the sentence “... funds in different ways, for instance through 
capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures, etc”, the underlined term refers to 
A) Funds in different ways and capital markets 
B) Funds in general 
C) Financial needs and public expenditures 
D) Financial needs and funds 
E) Capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A resposta seria a letra E porque é a única que demonstra os exemplos exatos do que se 
trata a referência de “for instance” (por exemplo), logo após falar das diferentes formas (different 
ways). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Contraste 
Para contrastar, o linking word mais comum é o “but” (mas), que pode ser substituído por 
“however” e aparece em muitos textos, inclusive, perguntando se pode haver a devida 
substituição. 
 
 
 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
 
 
Podemos usar, também para contrastar, “despite” e “in spite of”, que são seguidas por 
substantivos ou gerúndios. 
 
 
 
 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
 
 
 
Para exemplificar, desta vez com ideia de contraste, também muito usadas, vejamos o 
quadro abaixo e um exercício para treinar e visualizar melhor como nas provas do IME: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
She loves going to the beach but never on Saturdays, it’s crowded. 
Ela ama ir à praia mas nunca aos sábados, é muito cheio. 
 
 
 
She loves going to the beach however she never goes on Saturdays, it’s crowded. 
Ela ama ir à praia mas ela nunca vai aos sábados, é muito cheio. 
 
 
 
Despite losing the match, the players celebrated their efforts. 
Apesar de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço. 
 
In spite of the lost match, the players celebrated their efforts. 
Apesar da perda do jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço. 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Para construções seguidas por sujeito e um verbo, precisa-se adicionar “the fact that”: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Despite the fact that they lost the match, the players celebrated their efforts. 
Apesar do fato de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço. 
 
 
 
In spite of the fact that they lost the match, the players celebrated their efforts. 
Apesar do fato de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço. 
 
 
 
 
 
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Resumo 
Para resumir, há linking words comuns, tais como é o “in conclusion, in summary” (em 
síntese/ em conclusão a, em suma), que são expressões geralmente usadas no começo das frases, 
indicando que vamos resumir a ideia principal do que acabou de ser apresentado. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adição 
Para adicionar, os linking words comuns são “and” e “also” e, outras expressões 
geralmente usadas para adicionar ideias de maneira mais formal seriam “furthermore” e 
“moreover”, bastante usadas em textos. 
 
 
 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
 
 
 
In conclusion, the meeting was very productive, and the ideas were well 
presented. 
Em síntese, a reunião foi produtiva e as ideias foram bem apresentadas. 
 
 
 
In summary, the meeting was very productive and the ideas were well 
presented. 
Em síntese, a reunião foi produtiva e as ideias foram bem apresentadas. 
 
 
The meeting was very productive. Moreover lots of ideas were presented. 
A reunião foi muito produtiva. Além disso, muitas ideias foram apresentadas. 
 
 
 
The meeting was very productive and lots of ideas were presented. 
A reunião foi muito produtiva e muitas ideias foram apresentadas. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Para exemplificar, desta vez com ideia de adição, também muito usadas nas provas, 
vejamos o quadro abaixo e um exercício para treinar e visualizar melhor: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Para ilustrar outra vez os linking words de adição, vejamos um texto retirado desta vez, da 
prova do IME/2015, em que aparece “and” muitas vezes e também um linking word usado em 
textos mais técnicos, o “moreover”. E a questão poderia ser assim: 
Questão IME/2015 – Percebe-se a ideia de adição em 
(A) infrastructure, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, be valuable. 
(B) sources, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, be valuable. 
(C) infrastructure, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, years. 
(D) infrastructure, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, still. 
(E) sources, tapped, cost, investors, philanthropists, years. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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A resposta seria a letra B porque o contraste, representado desta vez pelo linking word 
“and” e também “moreover”, traz a ideia de informações sendo adicionadas. 
Perceba que, a única opção em que a ordem das palavras está de acordo com o que é 
adicionado, ou seja, logo após o linking word “and” e “moreover”, é a letra B de fato: ... and ... 
sources, .. and tapped, ...and cost..., .. and institucional investors. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Sequência 
Para oferecer a ideia de sequência, há linking words fundamentais, tais como é o “first, 
second, after, then, so”, entre outros, que são expressões geralmente usadas no começo das 
frases, indicando que vamos dar continuidade à ideia que acabou de ser apresentada. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Em narrativas, os linking words organizam a história numa sequência de eventos, 
facilitando a compreensão do texto durante sua leitura. São elementos essenciais tanto na 
comunicação quanto na escrita, visto que eles colaboram com a coesão e coerência textuais. 
Há, ainda, linking words que explicam a razão, a condição, a causa de algo, como podemos 
ver no quadro abaixo e também nos exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First, he decided to study. Then, he bought a good material and then dedicated a lot. 
Primeiro, ele decidiu estudar. Daí, ele comprou um bom material e então dedicou-se 
muito. 
 
 
 
Due to the heavy rain the flight was cancelled. 
Devido/em decorrência da chuva forte, o vôo foi cancelado. 
 
Because of the heavy rain the flight was cancelled. 
Por causa/em decorrência da chuva forte, o vôo foi cancelado. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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5. Direct Speech 
O discurso direto em Inglês – direct speech – é usado quando queremos reproduzir 
qualquer tipo de informação que nos é relatada. Podemos dizer que, em suma, o discurso direto 
é utilizado para repetir o que uma outra pessoa disse, sem alteração. Veja: 
 
 
 
 
 
E sabe por que é importante estudar o discurso direto? Porque é possível encontrar (e 
aparece muitas vezes) o discurso direto em jornais e portais de notícias, a fim de enfatizar e, 
consequentemente, deixar a notícia mais direta ou, às vezes, mais dramática, vejamos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
O discurso direto pode também ser encontrado em diálogos de narrativas ficcionais, pois 
permite que traços da fala e de personalidade dos personagens envolvidos tenham destaque, 
atraindo a atenção de seus leitores. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Agora, vamos estudar o discurso indireto – indirect speech, também chamado de reported 
speech, que, além de ter muitas possibilidades de uso, é mais recorrente ainda no vestibular. 
 
She said, “I study every day because I want to be approved”. 
Ela disse: “Eu estudo todos os dias porque quero ser aprovada”. 
 
 
 
 
“I won’t resign”, says the president during the meeting. 
“Não irei renunciar”, diz o presidente durante a reunião. 
“Our diplomatic relations are over”, affirm both candidates. 
“Nossas relações diplomáticas acabaram”, afirmam ambos candidatos). 
 
 
 
 
“I could tell you my adventures—beginning from this morning,” said Alice a little 
timidly; “but it’s no use going back to yesterday, because I was a different person 
then.” (Eu poderia lhes contar minhas aventuras – começando por esta manhã", disse 
Alice um pouco tímida; mas não adianta voltar a ontem, porque eu era uma pessoa 
diferente.) 
Lewis Carrol, Alice no País das Maravilhas 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
6. Indirect Speech / Reported Speech 
O indirect speech/reported speech, ou discurso indireto, é, por sua vez, uma maneira de 
falar sobre o que alguém disse, para repassar uma notícia, uma história. A principal característica 
é que no discurso indireto, se fala na voz de quem está contando a ação e não de quem a viveu. 
Por esse motivo, existem algumas regras básicas para se usar bem o discurso indireto, 
como por exemplo, a mudança dos tempos verbais. Se você diz, por exemplo, que você quer um 
carro novo e alguém vai me contar, a sequência é a seguinte: 
 
 
 
 
 
Em Inglês, é a mesma coisa. Observe que o verbo querer estava no presente quando você 
falou (eu quero). E foi automaticamente para o passado quando alguém contou o que você falou 
(ele/ela disse que queria). Veja em Inglês: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Você dizendo): – I want a new car . 
 (Alguém dizendo/contando o que ouviu): – He/She said that he/she wanted a 
new car. 
 
 
 
(O pai dizendo): – I want to see your grades (Eu quero ver suas notas). 
 (A mãe dizendo à filha o que foi dito): – He said that he wanted to see your 
grades. 
 (Ele disse que ele queria ver as suas notas). 
 
 
 
 - Eu quero um carro novo. 
 - Ele disse que queria um carro novo. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Veja algumas mudanças que acontecem com os verbos quando o discurso direto é 
transformado em discurso indireto, com exemplos abaixo de cada tempo verbal: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Verb changes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Você percebeu que em todas as frases eu usei “He said”, que pode ser acompanhado ou 
não de “that”. Mas, além do verbo to say (passado said), podemos também usar o verbo to tell 
(passado told) em frases com indirect/reported speech. Vejamos exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A partir dos exemplos acima, podemos notar que algumas outras palavras, além dos 
tempos verbais, se alteram com o discurso indireto. Se fosse, por exemplo, em Português: 
 - I want a glass of water now. - Eu quero um copo de água agora. 
He told me (that) he wanted this glass of water. Ele me disse que ele queria esse copo 
de água. 
 - I don’t want to work out today. - Eu não quero malhar. 
He told me (that) he didn’t want to work out yesterday. Ele me disse que não queria 
malhar ontem. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Veja, agora, as possíveis modificações no discurso indireto. 
 
 
 
 
Time expression changes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - Eu comprei esse boné. (discurso direto) 
Ele disse que comprou aquele boné. (discurso indireto) 
 Em Inglês, fica: 
 - I have bought this cap. He said he had bought that cap. 
 - Eu comprei esse boné. Ele disse que ele tinha comprado aquele boné. 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / DirectSpeech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 Pode ainda, haver outras alterações. Alguns lugares, além dos pronomes e das indicações 
de tempo acima, também podem mudar com a passagem do discurso direto para o indireto. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E os verbos modais, já apresentados na aula 2, também mudam. Se você diz que pode fazer 
algo, no momento que vou contar a alguém, digo: Ele(a) disse que podia fazer algo. 
Assim como o posso se torna podia, em Inglês o can se torna could, entendeu? Vejamos a 
seguir a tabela e os exemplos para facilitar. 
 
 
 
Modal verbs changes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
They are meeting at my house. (Eles estão se encontrando na minha casa.) 
He said that they were meeting at his house. 
Ele disse que eles estavam se encontrando na casa dele.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
I got here by train. (Eu cheguei aqui de trem.) 
 He said he had got there by train. (Ele disse que ele chegou lá de trem.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Em um texto de prova, do jornal The Economist, vou mostrar como uma das frases em 
discurso direto poderia ter sido explorada para testar seus conhecimentos, como já foi feito em 
outras provas: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
I can dance rock. (Eu consigo dançar rock.) 
 He said he could dance rock. (Ele disse que ele conseguia dançar rock.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
She must study a lot. (Ela deve estudar muito.) 
 She said she had to study a lot. (Ela disse que ela teve que estudar 
muito.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Na frase “Environmentalists may feel a twinge of fear…” (Ambientalistas podem sentir uma 
pontada de medo...), no discurso direto, poderia ser questionado como ficaria no discurso 
indireto ou se o verbo modal “may” mudaria na modificação de discurso direto para indireto, veja: 
 
Questão: A frase “Environmentalists may feel a twinge of fear…” devidamente 
transformada em discurso indireto, ficaria: 
A ( ) He said that environmentalists may felt a twinge of fear. 
B ( ) He said that environmentalists can felt a twinge of fear. 
C ( ) He said that environmentalists may be felling a twinge of fear. 
D ( ) He said that environmentalists may have felt a twinge of fear. 
E ( ) He said that environmentalists might feel a twinge of fear. 
Comentários: 
Aqui, devemos analisar cada alternativa, para encontrar a melhor alternativa para a 
sentença transformada em discurso indireto, de acordo com as regras vistas acima, na explicação 
com quadros/tabelas que preparei para você. 
A primeira coisa a se observar é que o verbo modal “may”, ao direcionar-se à uma frase do 
discurso indireto, passa de may para might, lembra? 
Na letra A, afirma-se que o verbo feel vai para o passado – felt, mas, ao analisar a teoria 
acima, podemos perceber que, como eu disse anteriormente, may se transforma em might. Falsa. 
Na letra B, afirma-se que o verbo modal may muda para can e que o verbo feel vai para o 
passado – felt, mas, ao analisar a teoria acima, podemos perceber que, como eu disse 
anteriormente, may se transforma em might e jamais seria trocado um verbo modal por outro, 
pois, como vimos na aula de verbos, o sentido também muda de acordo com a situação em que 
é encaixado. Falsa. 
Na letra C, afirma-se que a estrutura inteira da frase muda de may feel para may be feeling, 
no gerúndio , mas, ao analisar a teoria acima, podemos perceber que, como eu disse 
anteriormente, may se transforma em might. Falsa. 
Na letra D, afirma-se que estrutura inteira da frase muda de may feel para may have felt, 
no present perfect, mas, ao analisar a teoria acima, podemos perceber que, como eu disse 
anteriormente, may se transforma em might. Falsa. 
A letra E, afirma-se que o verbo feel continua feel e o modal may muda para might, 
exatamente como vimos na tabela ilustrativa. E podemos perceber que, como eu disse 
anteriormente, may transformado em might está correto para discurso indireto com verbos 
modais. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
7.0 QUESTÕES DE PROVAS ANTERIORES 
 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
Fill in the blank with the suitable option: 
a) Besides 
b) Because 
c) Although 
d) Therefore 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative in which the use of “so” does not express the result of an action: 
a) I don’t have a nice dress, so I’m not going to the party tonight. 
b) Water is running out, so people must save it as much as they can. 
c) Lightning is dangerous to everybody, so a lot of people don’t worry about it. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
d) There are weather balloons and satellites to help predict the weather, so meteorologists must 
know how to use them in order to deliver precise forecasts. 
 
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative that best completes the sentence below giving idea of comparison. 
He is a good artist and he sings ____ a professional when he is on stage. 
a) as 
b) like 
c) such 
d) as if 
 
Read the text and answer questions 4 and 5. 
Greenpeace _____ against environmental degradation since 1971 when a small boat of 
volunteers and journalists _____ into the U.S. atomic test zone of Amchitka, Alaska. 
Our focus has been on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planet’s biodiversity and 
environment. It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals, and to challenge 
governments and corporations when they fail to act appropriately in order to protect our 
environment and our future. 
Fonte:www.greenpeace.org 
 
4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 ‘in order to’, underlined in the text, is used to 
a) give orders. 
b) express purpose. 
c) indicate personal opinion. 
d) talk about a sequence of ideas. 
 
5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 The sentence ‘It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals.’ means that 
Greenpeace ________, except: 
a) sole responsibility is to expose criminals. 
b) exposes environmental criminals, among other things. 
c) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, too. 
d) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, as well. 
 
Read the text and answer question 6. 
The Bottom Line on Facebook Depression 
Facebook, the most popular social media platform, does not make people more depressed on its 
own. Instead, what the research shows is that Facebook – when used as a surveillance device – 
leads to a greater risk of feelings of envy. And the more those feelings of envy increase, the 
more likely it is for a person to start feeling depressed. 
The key to stopping these feelings is to not use Facebook primarily as a surveillance method to 
spy on your family and friends’ lives. Instead, use it as a social network where you share your 
own information, photos and updates, as well as consume other’s updates and shares. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Healthy use of Facebook will protect you against the possibility of feeling more depressed after 
using it. It’s a simple thing you can try for yourself – especially if you feel more envious after 
checkingFacebook. 
Fonte: Psych Central – World of Psychology 
 
6. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 In ‘(...) when used as a surveillance device (...)’, (paragraph 1), it means that Facebook is used 
for 
a) updating the news. 
b) keeping track of others. 
c) exchanging the information between more people. 
d) surveying people in order to find out their attitudes or opinions. 
 
Read the fable and answer question 7. 
The Crab and His Mother 
Mamma Crab _____ to Baby Crab when she _____ that he was walking sideways. Mamma Crab 
said, ‘Why are you walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk straight.’ Baby Crab 
replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother, and I’ll follow your example.’ 
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain. She could not walk straight herself. 
Then, she saw how foolish she had been to find fault with her child. 
Fonte:Aesop’s Fables 
 
7. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 Change the sentence below into indirect speech. Baby Crab said to Mamma Crab, ‘Show me 
how to walk straight (…).’ 
Baby Crab told _____ how to walk straight (…). 
a) his mom to show 
b) to his mom show 
c) his mom showing 
d) to his mom shows 
 
Read the text and answer question 8. 
The Marine’s Father 
A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside. 
“Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times before 
the patient’s eyes opened. 
Heavily sedated because of the pain of his heart attack, he dimly saw the young uniformed 
Marine standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The Marine wrapped his 
toughened fingers around the old man’s limp ones, squeezing a message of love and 
encouragement. 
The nurse brought a chair so that the Marine could sit beside the bed. All through the night the 
young Marine sat there in the poorly lighted ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering him 
words of love and strength. Occasionally, the nurse suggested that the Marine move away and 
rest awhile. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
He refused. Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was oblivious of her and of 
the night noises of the hospital – the clanking of the oxygen tank, the laughter of the night staff 
members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans of the other patients. 
Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only held 
tightly to his son all through the night. 
Along towards dawn, the old man died. The Marine released the now lifeless hand he had been 
holding and went to tell the nurse. While she did what she had to do, he waited. 
Finally, she returned. She started to offer words of sympathy, but the Marine interrupted her. 
“Who was that man?” he asked. 
The nurse was startled, “He was your father,” she answered. 
“No, he wasn’t,” the Marine replied. 
“I never saw him before in my life.” 
“Then why didn’t you say something when I took you to him?” 
“I knew right away there had been a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and his son 
just wasn’t here. When I realized that he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, 
knowing how much he needed me, I stayed.” 
Author Unknown 
Adapted from (https://academictips.org/blogs/military-story-the-marines-father/) 
 
 
8. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 The expression “ward”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to __________. 
a) department 
b) hospital 
c) office 
d) infirmary 
 
Read the text and answer question 9. 
The Struggles of Our Life 
 Once upon a time a daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable and 
that she didn’t know how she was going to make it. She was tired of fighting and struggling all the 
time. It seemed just as one problem was solved, another one soon followed. 
 Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each 
on a high fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes in one pot, eggs in the second 
pot and ground coffee beans in the third pot. He then let them sit and boil without saying a word 
to his daughter. The daughter moaned and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. 
After twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He took the potatoes out of the pot and placed 
them in a bowl. He took the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. He then ladled the coffee out 
and placed it in a cup. 
 Turning to her, he asked. “What do you see?” “Potatoes, eggs and coffee,” she hastily 
replied. 
“Look closer”, he said, “and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the 
hard-boiled egg. 
 Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. Its rich aroma brought a smile to her face. 
 “Father, what does this mean?” she asked. 
 He explained that the potatoes, the eggs and coffee beans had each faced the same 
adversity – the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently. 
 The potato went in strong, hard and unrelenting, but in boiling water, it became soft and 
weak. The egg was fragile, with the thin outer shell protecting its liquid interior until it was put in 
the boiling water. Then the inside of the egg became hard. However, the ground coffee beans 
were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created 
something new. 
“Which one are you?” he asked his daughter. “When adversity knocks on your door, how 
do you respond? Are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean?” 
 The moral of the story: 
 In life, things happen around us, and things happen to us. The only thing that truly matters 
is your choice of how you react to it and what you make of it. Learn, adapt and choose to make 
the best of each experience. 
(Adapted from https://academictips.org/blogs/the-struggles-of-our-life/) 
 
9. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 In “In life, things happen around us, and things happen to us…” we can say that 
________________. 
a) This excerpt is talking abou the eggs, potatoes and coffe 
b) Things in our life happen all the time and with everyone 
c) Nothing happens in anyone’s life 
d) Things in our life happen to us and no one else 
 
Read the text and answer question 10. 
Spain warned of dire impact of second coronavirus lockdown 
As officials across Spain wrestle with a surge in coronavirus cases, a chorus of voices is warning 
that another lockdown could have dire consequences for a country that just months ago 
emerged from one of Europe’s strictest confinements. 
While cases of the virus have climbed across Europe, Spain has led the pack in recent days. 
More than 78,000 cases have been detected in the past two weeks, pushing the 14-day infection 
rate to 166 per 100,000, compared with 67 in France and 22 in the UK. 
The steady rise has raised the spectre of fresh lockdowns in the coming weeks, particularly in 
Madrid where unions have warned that the primary care system is “on the edge of collapse”, 
due to a lack of staff and testing resources. 
“If things continue as they are going, we’ll probably have to return to some sort of 
confinement, at least partially,” José Felix Hoyo Jiménez of the Spanish non-profit Médicos del 
Mundo told the broadcaster TeleMadrid on Monday. While the recent rise had been steady, it 
 
 
 38 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
was likely to be less pronounced than what the country experienced in March and April, he 
added. 
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/25) 
 
10. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 In " , a chorus of voices iswarning that another lockdown could have dire consequences ", the 
word, in bold type, is closest in meaning to _____________ . Except: 
a) terrible 
b) bad 
c) dreadful 
d) terrific 
 
Read the text and answer question 11. 
Want an Uber? You may have to send a masked selfie first 
 Since mid-May, Uber has required drivers to take selfies to verify they are wearing a mask or 
face covering before they are able to pick up riders. Soon, certain riders will also be required to 
take a selfie prior to ordering a ride. 
 The company said Tuesday that passengers who have previously been reported by a driver for 
not wearing a mask will be required to take a selfie for mask verification purposes when 
requesting their next ride. 
 The passenger mask verification feature is slated to roll out in the US and Canada by the end of 
the month, and will expand to Latin America and other countries thereafter, the company said 
in a blog post Tuesday. 
 Enforcement of mask use, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
to help slow the spread of the coronavirus, has proven to be difficult, in both public and private 
spaces. In Ubers and Lyfts, riders have had to confirm they are wearing a mask or face covering 
before hailing a ride for several months now, but enforcement has come down to being 
reported by a driver. 
 Now, there will be an added layer once a rider violates the policy. 
 "We firmly believe that accountability is a two-way street," wrote Sachin Kansal, Uber's global 
head of safety product, in the blog post. 
 If a passenger's next ride goes off without a hitch, they will not have to take a selfie again the 
next time they go to request a ride. 
 The mask verification selfie, for both drivers and riders, uses object detection technology to 
determine whether a person is wearing a mask. 
 Kansal told CNN Business that the company has done "a lot of optimizations" to detect things 
like if someone is trying to cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask. "It 
has to be a real-time picture of a face wearing a mask." In the instances where a person orders 
an Uber for a friend or family member with their account, "the person who is actually requesting 
the ride is the person who will have to go through the face verification process." 
 For both riders and drivers, repeated violations of Uber's policies could lead to deactivation, 
but the company declined to go into detail regarding how many violations contribute to a 
removal. 
 
 
 39 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 "We have definitely taken action, including taking people off the platform, both from the rider 
and driver side," Kansal said, referring to mask-related violations. 
 The company said on July 1 that its mask requirement in the US and Canada would be in effect 
indefinitely. 
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/01/tech/uber-rider-mask-selfie/index.html) 
 
11. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) In “…to detect things like if someone is trying to 
cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask…”. (paragraph 9), the 
underlined expression can be replaced by 
 
a) According to 
b) Despite 
c) In conclusion 
d) For example 
 
Read the comic strip and answer question 12. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/16) 
 
 
12. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to what the men said, he _____. 
 
a) Agrees with the woman's method 
b) Thinks she is exaggerating 
c) Really wants to help the woman 
d) Feels sorry for the bug 
 
 
Read the paragraph and answer questions 13 and 14. 
Want to Relax? Try Yoga 
 Stress is ever present. Fortunately, we’ve got yoga, which is proven to help reduce stress 
and the health effects it causes. The best part? You don’t need any prior experience to 
benefit from the practice. Whether you are at home, work or somewhere in between, yoga 
is always here to help you relax. 
 
 
 40 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/guides/well/yoga-stress?surface=home-living-
vi&fellback=false&req_id=923786686&algo=random&imp_id=334157557&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtyp
e=Homepage&redirect=true) 
 
13. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the paragraph, is correct to say that 
 
a) Yoga is an easy and practical way to relieve stress 
b) Yoga needs a specific place for its realization 
c) Yoga only works with a certain type of person 
d) Yoga, although practical, needs prior knowledge for its realization 
 
14. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “Prior”, underlined in the paragraph, has the same 
meaning as 
 
a) Current 
b) Later 
c) Previous 
d) Forward 
 
Read the text and answer questions 15, 16 and 17. 
Holden Matthews: US man jailed for burning historic black churches 
A young white man has been jailed for 25 years for burning down three historic black 
churches in the US state of Louisiana last year. 
 Heavy metal musician Holden Matthews, 23, was also ordered to pay $2.7m (£2.1m) in 
restitution. He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within his favoured music 
scene. 
 A judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked memories 
of a "dark time in history." 
 White supremacists attacked black churches during America's civil rights era. The three 
churches Matthews burnt were St Mary Baptist Church in Port Barre, Greater Union Baptist 
Church in Opelousas and Mount Pleasant Baptist Church in Opelousas, between 26 March and 4 
April. 
 Matthews, the son of a local sheriff's deputy, admitted to posting photographs and video 
on Facebook of the first two churches burning. 
 All three buildings were razed to the ground by the fires, but no-one was injured because 
they were torched at night. 
 A judge cleared him of hate crime charges, which Matthews admitted to earlier this year. 
But he was found guilty of three counts of arson on religious buildings, and one count of using fire 
to commit a federal felony. 
 At the time of the attacks, Matthews was a member of a band called Vodka Vultures. In a 
plea hearing, he said he had sought to emulate church burnings carried out by "black metal" music 
fans in Norway in the 1990s. During that period, at least 50 Christian churches in Norway were 
attacked by arsonists in the name of "black metal", a subgenre of heavy metal music. 
 In a statement, Acting US Attorney Alexander Van Hook said Matthews' sentence "should 
send a clear message that there is a high price to pay for this type of destruction and violence". 
 
 
 41 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54779878) 
 
15. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that ________ 
 
a) Holden committed the crimes in order to hurt the religiosity of the people who attended 
the churches 
b) Holden committed the crimes in order to gain popularity in his group 
c) Holden committed the crimes in order to reproduce his racial prejudice in a violent way 
d) Holden committed the crimes in order to obey the rules that govern his favoured music 
scene 
 
16. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best response 
 
a) Holden's attacks recalled events from a delicate moment in history 
b) Holden’s attacks were carried out at moments in history that we refer to as dark 
c) Holden's attacks were motivated by racial issues, following the premises of his group 
d) Holden's attacks were not seen as related to attacks made during the civil rights era in 
America 
 
17. (2020 – EstratégiaMilitares – Inédita) According to the text, the attacks 
 
a) Had many victims 
b) Were not the first hate crime committed this year by Matthews 
c) Besides having completely affected the churches, had fatal victims 
d) Were not influenced by acts related to fans of the musical genre in which Matthews acted 
 
Read the comic strip and answer question 18. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/11/03) 
 
 
18. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the woman’s attitude, she _______. 
 
a) Didn’t want her husband’s company 
b) Spread needles on the couch, purposely 
c) Nailed a prank on her husband 
 
 
 42 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
d) Was surprised and not too concerned about what happened to her husband 
 
Read text to do questions 19 and 20 based on it. 
Text I 
Social media ’destroying how society works' 
A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing great harm to society around the 
world. The executive is a man called Chamath Palihapitiya. He ___________ Facebook in 2007 
and ___________a vice president. He was responsible for increasing the number of users 
Facebook had. Mr Palihapitiya said he feels very guilty about getting more people to use social 
networks. He said the networks are destroying society because they are changing people's 
behavior. Twenty years ago, people talked to each other face to face. Today, people message each 
other and do not talk. People also really care about what other people think of them. They post 
photos and wait to see how many people like the photo. They get very sad if people do not like 
the photo. 
Mr. Palihapitiya said people should take a long break from social media so they can experience 
real life. He wants people to value each other instead of valuing online "hearts, likes, and thumbs-
up". Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see the world, it is becoming 
easier for large websites to spread lies. It is also becoming easier to hurt other people online. 
Anyone can hide behind a fake user name and post lies about other people. Palihapitiya said this 
was a global problem. He is worried about social media so much that he has banned his children 
from using it. However, he did state that Facebook was a good company. He said: "Of course, it's 
not all bad. Facebook overwhelmingly does good in the world." 
 
19. (CN – 2018) Read the statements to check if they are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). 
I- An ex-Facebook boss said social media is damaging society. 
II- It is becoming more difficult for big websites to spread fake news. 
III- People message each other today instead of talking face to face. 
IV- Palihapitiya said social media does not change our behavior. 
Choose the option that respectively represents the statements above. 
(A) F/T/T/F 
(B) F/F/T/T 
(C) T/F/T/F 
(D) T/T/F/T 
(E) F/F/F/T 
 
20. (CN – 2018) Mark the option in which there is NO Present Continuous Tense. 
(A) A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing great harm to society around the 
world. 
(B) He was responsible for increasing the number of users Facebook had. 
(C) He said the networks are destroying society because they are changing people's behavior. 
(D) Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see the world. 
(E) It is becoming easier for large websites to spread lies. 
 
 
 
 43 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Directions: Read the text below and answer question 21 according to it. 
 
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss 
 
 The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now 
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The 
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went 
beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized 
tests. 
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an 
eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly 
popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not 
respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became 
synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner explains why 
the former is not the latter. 
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been gratified 
by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and 
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction 
and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with 
the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s 
high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight. 
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the study 
of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each of us has a 
number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple 
intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence assumes that we 
have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we perform in every sector 
of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human beings have 7 to 10 
distinct intelligences. 
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in 
educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed all of 
us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about 
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and above 
all, are effective. 
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this 
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are 
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is 
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this? 
What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we compensate 
by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same 
issues apply. 
 Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with 
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style 
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the 
 
 
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learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that 
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally 
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not 
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the 
drawing boards’. 
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: Intelligence: 
We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where 
the person has considerable computational power. Style or learningstyle: A hypothesis of how 
an individual approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is 
hypothesized to be reflective about the full range of materials. We cannot assume that 
reflectiveness in writing necessarily signals reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others. 
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The 
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion 
is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of 
entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the 
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up. 
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual 
learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, 
at best, and ill-conceived at worst. 
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that 
strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other 
intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common sense ways of 
assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal 
test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide how best to make 
use of this information. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet) 
 
Glossary: 
 
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for 
teaching with objects. 
 
21. (AFA – 2017) Choose the option that shows the indirect speech form for “These 
distinctions are consequential.”. 
 
Gardner 
a) said that those distinctions were consequential. 
b) told these distinctions are consequential. 
c) said us these distinctions were consequential. 
d) told those distinctions are consequential. 
 
 
Directions: Answer question 22 according to TEXT I. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
TEXT I 
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back? 
 IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and a 
low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed he 
couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next morning 
he couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the house. “It 
sounds crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge stuck his head into 
the bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but he couldn’t smell a 
thing. 
 The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19. Quagge 
was diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not widely available 
at the time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still has not fully 
recovered his sense of smell. 
 Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients with 
COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27 times more 
likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor of the illness 
than fever. 
 For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and 
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell 
may sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied up 
in self-preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our ability 
to pick up on complex tastes and enjoy food. 
 “So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven 
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t fully 
participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.” 
 Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories. 
People without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment in 
intimacy. Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense, hoping 
those discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers. 
What the nose knows 
 The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way of 
decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the nose 
to the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those 
molecules bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a long 
tail that threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which registers the 
molecules as, say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce. 
 Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it stops 
working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says. “That 
lack of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the basic 
functions of the system.” 
People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the 
common cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at all 
or lose it because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also 
fade as people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or vision 
 
 
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impairment, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25 percent of 
Americans over the age of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell, and over 13 
million people have a measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell, or hyposmia, a 
partial loss. Such conditions can last for years or even be permanent. 
 It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a 
virus, but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few ways. 
First, they notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by the 
congestion or stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced anosmia. 
 “It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses 
Center in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.” 
 Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their sense 
of smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who experience 
anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years. 
 Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says in 
the early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was scared. 
An avid amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and he couldn’t 
smell his wife’s perfume. “Stuff that gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me out.” 
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-cvd/) 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the correct option. 
a) Doctors claim that the virus causes long-term smell loss. 
b) Doctors claim that the virus does not cause long-term smell loss. 
c) Doctors affirm that the smell loss is inevitable for those who have been affected by the virus. 
d) Doctors still don't know if the viruscauses long-term smell loss 
 
 
Directions: Answer question 23 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
Facebook complies with Brazilian judge’s order to block 12 accounts accused of 
running a fake news network 
 Facebook announced Saturday it has obeyed a Brazilian judge’s order for a 
worldwide block on the accounts of 12 of President Jair Bolsonaro’s supporters who are 
under investigation for allegedly running a fake news network. 
 Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had 
failed to fully comply with a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down, saying 
they were still online and publishing by changing their registration to locations outside 
Brazil. 
 Facebook issued a statement saying it complied due to the threat of criminal 
liability for an employee in Brazil. 
 But it called the new order “extreme,” saying it poses a “threat to freedom of 
expression outside of Brazil’s jurisdiction and conflicting with laws and jurisdictions 
worldwide.” The company said it would appeal to the full court. 
 
 
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 Facebook also argued it had complied with the previous order by “restricting the 
ability for the target Pages and Profiles to be seen from IP locations in Brazil”. 
 “People from IP locations in Brazil were not capable of seeing these Pages and 
Profiles even if the targets had changed their IP location”, the company said. 
Moraes said that Facebook ought to pay $ 367,000 in penalties for not complying 
with his previous decision during the last eight days. 
 He also had ruled Twitter should block the accounts. While Twitter said then the 
decision was “disproportionated” under Brazil’s freedom of speech rules and that it would 
appeal, the targeted profiles were disabled. 
 Moraes is overseeing a controversial investigation to determine whether some of 
Bolsonaro’s most ardent allies are running a social media network aimed at spreading 
threats and fake news against Supreme Court justices. 
 The probe is one of the main points of confrontation between Bolsonaro and the 
Supreme Court. 
 The president himself filed a lawsuit last week demanding the accounts to be 
unblocked. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5874695/facebook-blocks-accounts-worldwide/) 
 
23. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text. 
“Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed to fully comply with 
a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down” 
Choose the correct question for the sentence below. 
a) What was the supreme statement on Facebook’s first attitude? 
b) At first, did Facebook comply with the order of Alexandre de Moraes? 
c) What was the final answer from Facebook to the Brazilian Supreme Court Justice? 
d) Were the accounts blocked? 
e) Who is Alexandre de Moraes? 
 
Directions: Answer question 24 according to TEXT II. 
TEXT II 
Lagos’s poor lament COVID fallout: “we don’t see the virus, we see suffering”. 
 Lockdown has tipped many working-class Nigerians from struggle to crisis. 
 Drawing open the curtains in Alapere, Lagos, unveils a sea of shanty roofs and watery-coloured 
housing blocks. “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering,” says Juliana Chokpa, a 38-year-
old cleaner. 
 This working-class Lagos community has been reeling from job losses, a collapse in informal 
services, and rising food and transport costs. The pandemic, Chokpa says, has wrought a swift 
descent from struggle into crisis. 
 Her pay of 35,000 naira (£70) a month, working in a lavish home 20 miles away in Banana 
Island, was suddenly halved in March when her employers left the country as coronavirus cases 
began to rise. Weeks later, with government lockdown measures taking hold, her husband, a 
driver for an international corporate firm, was told his pay would be cut by two-thirds because 
the staff he had been driving were working from home. 
 
 
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“What do we do? Things are a struggle and we have children. They don’t know what these 
difficulties mean. They just want to know they can have their cereal, can enjoy things. 
Sometimes we borrow, sometimes we get help from people. It’s only God sustaining us,” she 
says. 
 In areas such as Alapere, the fallout from the pandemic has tipped economic ecosystems over 
the edge. While Juliana wealthier employers’s have been affected by the lockdown, they are 
better insulated from the disruption. The knock-on effects further down the chain are more 
profound. 
 “Cooks, cleaners, house-helps, they’ve lost their jobs or had their salaries reduced. It’s the 
same thing: their bosses have travelled, or have less income so can’t pay them like before,” she 
says. 
 Transport costs have doubled since the government introduced social distancing, limiting 
passenger numbers to half of normal capacity. Transport providers, also contending with rising 
fuel costs, responded by raising fares. For millions on low incomes, increases of 200 naira 
(£0.40) are upending. “My husband stays at work during the week now because to go back and 
forth is too expensive,” she says. Now she often has to care for their four children alone. 
 For Africa’s largest economy, the pandemic has precipitated a crisis at a time when many 
people were already in difficulty. 
 The government have quickly responded with financial help, including loans to medium 
and small business and cash transfers to some poor and vulnerable households. While the 
programs are likely to have an impact, criticisms have grown that they do not effectively target 
those in need. “The very poor such as the artisans and rural farmers are likely to be financially 
excluded,” Ekeruche said. A national register collated by the government to identify poorer 
citizens eligible for social welfare, only captures a fraction of those requiring help. 
 Already, 82 million Nigerians live on less than $1 a day. Nigeria’s economy was predicted 
to contract by 5.4%, the International Monetary Fund said, while the government anticipated that 
unemployment could rise by half to 33%. 
For many people, the pain of the economic fallout from the coronavirus outbreak feels 
inexplicable. 
 Omozuanfo Fatima, 25, an architecture graduate, helps run her mother’s stall. “I don’t 
know anyone who has the virus, nobody has been sick or died, so to be honest we don’t 
understand why all of this should be happening. None of us are wearing masks,” she says, “but 
we’re all fine.” 
 A lack of trust in the government, often derided as corrupt, has hampered any sense of 
shared sacrifice to help reduce the outbreak. Many people bemoan that the measures have not 
been adapted to the realities for working people. 
 Blessing Apara inherited her mother’s fruit and vegetable stall at Obalende 14 years ago. 
“I’ve never remembered it being this bad,” she says. “I’ve lowered my prices to get customers but 
I’m making half of what I used to. I’m just praying it all turns around.” 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/14/lagoss-poor-lament-covid-fallout-we-dont-see-the-virus-we-
see-suffering) 
 
24. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) The expression “We don’t see any virus but we see 
suffering" means. 
a) That they actually see the suffering, not the virus. 
 
 
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b) That they don’t have any cases there, just the suffering as a result of the situation. 
c) That they experience both, but the suffering is more relevant than the virus. 
d) That they don’t experience any pandemic effects. 
e) That there is no virus or suffering in Africa. 
 
Observethis comic strip to do item 25 
 
(https://www.thecomicstrips.com/comic-strip/Pickles/2020-09-17/184837) 
 
25. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) About Earl, we can assume that 
 
a) He thinks that he is helping enough at home 
b) He is helping just enough at home 
c) He didn’t collaborate with his wife 
d) He doesn’t care about helping around the house 
e) He was cleaning the house 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 26. 
“Hello”, said a quiet, musical voice. 
I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me. He was sitting as far away from me as the desk 
allowed, but his chair was angled toward me. His hair was dripping wet – he looked like 
someone in a commercial for hair gel. His dazzling face was friendly, open, a slight smile on his 
flawless lips. But his eyes were careful. 
“My name is Edward Cullen,” he continued. “I didn’t have a chance to introduce myself last 
week. You must be Bella Swan.” 
My mind was spinning with confusion. He was perfectly polite now. I had to speak; he was 
waiting. But I couldn’t think of anything conventional to say. 
“H-how do you know my name?” I stammered. 
He laughed a soft laugh. 
“Oh, I think everyone knows your name. The whole town was waiting for you to arrive.” 
MEYER, S. Twilight. New York: Megan Tingley Books, 2006. Page 43 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2012) 
According to the sentence “I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me.”, Bella 
 
 
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[A] didn’t expect Edward to approach her. [B] was feeling comfortable. 
[C] didn’t want to be friends with Edward. [D] didn’t want to talk to Edward. 
[E] was offended by Edward’s attitude. 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 27. 
Welcome to Madrid: City of Protests 
Madrid (CNN) – “The people, united, will never be divided!” yells the crowd, angrily waving 
banners and placards. “To fight is the only way!” Dog-walkers, mothers with strollers, and 
pensioners carrying shopping bags join the crowd. These people on the sidewalk are no curious 
neighbors. Indeed, many of them are complete strangers to the family living on the fifth floor, 
but they are all here to protect Rocio from eviction - being forced to leave her property by legal 
process. 
Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school, moved from Ecuador in 2003, when times were 
good and jobs plentiful in Spain. But then the global financial crisis hit, bringing Spain’s economy 
down, Rocio lost her two jobs - in a shop, and as a cleaner. For a while, Rocio got by on benefits, 
but then those stopped too. She is an example of the crisis many Spaniards face as the country 
deals with the highest unemployment rate since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession 
entering its second year. “I can’t stand the thought of living on the streets with my son, but I 
have no idea where else to go”, she says. 
Rocio’s story is echoed by others all over Spain. It is this fear that took many Spanish citizens to 
action. Many of those people who are outside the door of Rocio’s apartment block are 
supporters of “Stop Desahucios” (Stop Evictions), part of the Platform of People Affected by 
Mortgages (PAH – Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to prevent 
banks and authorities from eviction because of the country’s economic crisis. They accuse the 
banks and authorities of “real estate terrorism”. 
There are also the mass marches of the 15-M movement - also known as the “Indignados”. 
Activist Dante Scherma, 24, says citizens were not used to speaking out on political issues. “The 
15-M movement made people talk about social issues, and about politics in normal 
conversations - in cafés, restaurants, bars - where before they only talked about football or 
fashion.” 
Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the crowd - now shouting at the police, 
insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had an 
impact. Lawyers from the PAH explain that Rocio will be able to stay - for a while, at least. For 
those working to stop Spain’s eviction epidemic, today has seen a small and temporary victory. 
For those demonstrating about cuts, corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on. 
Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/ world/europe/madrid-city-of-protests/index.html 
 
27. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2013) 
According to the text, Rocio 
[A] moved to Spain when there were many jobs there. 
[B] was the only person affected by the crisis in Spain. 
[C] is getting benefits from Spain’s government nowadays. 
[D] had two jobs in Ecuador before moving to Spain. 
[E] has the best job in Spain nowadays. 
 
 
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Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 28. 
Military Officers Face a New Evaluation 
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes 
following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and 
development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the 
security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers. 
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of 
top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by 
superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both 
competence and character in a richer way”. 
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward 
operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of 
military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can 
have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life 
of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.” 
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down 
assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from 
subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be 
impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and 
regulations on a routine basis”. 
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs. 
The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers 
to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside 
the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a 
commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations. 
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say 
you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General 
Dempsey said. 
Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us 
 
28. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2014) 
In the sentence “Conversely, you can have...” (paragraph 3), the word conversely indicates that 
the two situations described in the paragraph 
[A] have similar elements. [B] have opposite elements. 
[C] have identical elements. [D] have chronological elements. 
[E] have unbelievable elements. 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 29. 
Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies 
A Japanese soldier who refused to surrender after World War Two ended and spent 29 years in 
the jungle has died aged 91 in Tokyo. Hiroo Onoda remained in the jungle on Lubang Island near 
Luzon, in the Philippines, until 1974 because he did not believe that the war had ended. He was52 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
finally persuaded to emerge after his ageing former commanding officer was flown in to see 
him. Onoda was greeted as a hero on his return to Japan. 
The young soldier had orders not to surrender - a command he obeyed for nearly three decades. 
“I became an officer and I received an order. If I could not carry it out, I would feel shame. I am 
very competitive”, he said. Three other soldiers were with him at the end of the war. One 
emerged from the jungle in 1950 and the other two died. 
Mr Onoda ignored several attempts to get him to surrender. He later said that he dismissed 
search parties sent to him, and leaflets dropped by Japan, because there was always something 
suspicious, so he never believed that the war had really ended. Though Onoda had been 
officially declared dead in December 1959, search parties were sent out in 1972, when the last 
person from his group was killed by local police, but they did not find him. Onoda was now 
alone. 
On February 20, 1974, a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki, found Onoda after four days of searching. 
They became friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was waiting for orders 
from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as 
proof of their encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda’s commanding officer, 
Major Yoshimi Taniguchi. He flew to Lubang where on March 9, 1974, he finally met with Onoda 
and rescinded his original orders in person. 
The Philippine government granted him a pardon, although many in Lubang never forgave him 
for killing 30 people during his campaign on the island. The news media reported on this and 
other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return home. 
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25772192 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroo_Onoda 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2014) 
According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative. 
I) Hiroo Onoda was in the jungle for 29 years. 
II) Hiroo Onoda was abandoned in the jungle by his country after the war ended. 
III) Hiroo Onoda tried to go back home many times. 
IV) Hiroo Onoda had another soldier with him until 1972. 
V) Hiroo Onoda was admired by people in Lubang. 
[A] III and V are correct. 
[B] I and II are correct. 
[C] I and IV are correct. 
[D] I and III are correct 
[E] All of them are correct. 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 30. 
We’re so well educated – but we’re useless 
Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite 
being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant 
when it comes to basic life skills. 
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. I 
have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning, 
probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my 
modern education. 
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from 
their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation – 
a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves 
distinctions in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a 
shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call 
for help from a professional handyman or tailor. 
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow 
our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these 
things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption. 
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that 
isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of 
some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language 
and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where 
craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate 
information. We need to develop children into people that not only think for themselves, but 
are also able to act for themselves. 
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/ mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless 
 
30. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2015) 
In the sentence “Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills.” 
(paragraph 4), the word besides can be replaced by 
[A] however 
[B] in addition to 
[C] to the exclusion of 
[D] though 
[E] as a result of 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 31. 
Iowans struggle to find help, strength after powerful storm devastates homes, farms 
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa — In the five days since a massive storm system laid waste to this city, 
Ethel Fontenette, 65, has been trying to make sure neighbors in her retirement community stay 
well fed. 
With many older people who use wheelchairs trapped in their apartments and food rotting in 
their fridges, she set up a grill in the parking lot as some residents work as runners, carrying food 
down to cook and then up again to feed people. 
Even though the power is back, they still need help. 
“No one starved,” Fontenette said. But “we have a long way to go.” 
Iowans have “endured the unimaginable,” Gov. Kim Reynolds (R) said Friday, as the state tries to 
recover from Monday’s derecho. The violent thunderstorm — which struck with the force of a 
Category 2 hurricane with little warning — lasted 14 hours with wind speeds that reached 140 
miles an hour. It devastated scores of communities in the Hawkeye State, and Cedar Rapids, a 
city of more than 125,000 people, was among the hardest hit. Most homes and businesses 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
sustained damage, trees and wires are down everywhere, roads are blocked, and hospitals are 
overrun. 
The National Guard brought some relief to the stricken area as the week ended, and Reynolds 
announced at a news conference Friday that the state will apply Monday for a federal disaster 
declaration that would provide financial assistance to affected homeowners and cover repairs 
for critical infrastructure. 
Affected Iowans say they feel as if they are living on an island or as if the derecho hurled them 
back into a previous century, with no electricity, spotty cellphone coverage and a lack of clarity 
about what the future holds. 
“People didn’t know. We couldn’t communicate to the outside world,” said Zack Kucharski, 
executive editor of the Cedar Rapids Gazette, who described not being able to reach his parents, 
either physically or by phone, even as he tried to keep the newsroom running. 
Adapted form https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/iowans-struggle-to-find-help-strength-after-powerful-storm-devastates-homes 
 
31. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) According to the text, choose the correct statement. 
[A] Iowans were suffering from hunger five days after the storm. 
[B] The storm left 125,000 people homeless. 
[C] Iowans are in a tough situation but they know things will go back to normal quickly. 
[D] Gov. Reynolds said the Iowans have gone through something impossible to imagine. 
[E] Five days after the end of the storm, people were able to live their normal lives without 
major problems. 
 
Leia o texto a seguire responda a questão 32. 
Research connects vaping to a higher chance of catching the virus — and suffering its worst 
effects. 
 Since the start of the pandemic, experts have warned that the coronavirus — a respiratory 
pathogen — most likely capitalizes on the scarred lungs of smokers and vapers. Doctors and 
researchers are now starting to pinpoint the ways in which smoking and vaping seem to 
enhance the virus’s ability to spread from person to person, infiltrate the lungs and spark some 
of Covid-19’s worst symptoms. 
 “I have no doubt in saying that smoking and vaping could put people at increased risk of poor 
outcomes from Covid-19,” said Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, a pediatric pulmonologist at 
Columbia University. “It is quite clear that smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the 
predominant symptoms of Covid are respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in 
combination.” 
 But while several studies have found that smoking can more than double a person’s 
risk of severe Covid-19 symptoms, the relationship between vaping and Covid-19 is only 
beginning to become clear. A team of researchers recently reported that young adults who vape 
are five times more likely to receive a coronavirus diagnosis. 
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/world/covid-19-coronavirus.html) 
 
32. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the sentence “It is quite clear that 
smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the predominant symptoms of Covid are 
respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in combination” (paragraph 2), Dr. 
Stephanie 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
a) Is pretty sure that lung problems and COVID-19 predominant symptoms will not result in 
good consequences 
b) Isn’t sure about what would happen if someone with lung problems gets COVID-19 
c) Is sure that predominant symptoms from COVID-19 would not be affected by lung 
problems 
d) Is sure that she can’t yet affirm about the effects of COVID-19 in someone with lung 
problems 
e) Isn’t sure if smoking and vaping are bad for lungs 
 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 33. 
Coronavirus: Russian vaccine shows signs of immune response 
 Russian scientists have published the first report on their coronavirus vaccine, saying early tests 
showed signs of an immune response. 
 The report published by medical journal The Lancet said every participant developed 
antibodies to fight the virus and had no serious side effects. 
 Russia licensed the vaccine for local use in August, the first country to do so and before data 
had been published. 
 Experts say the trials were too small to prove effectiveness and safety. 
 But Moscow has hailed ___(1) results as an answer to critics. Some Western experts have 
raised concerns about the speed of Russia's work, suggesting that researchers might be cutting 
corners. 
 Last month, President Vladimir Putin said ___(2) vaccine had passed all the required checks and 
that one ___(3) his own daughters had been given it. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54036221) 
 
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the correct 
statement 
 
a) Russia’s vaccine wasn’t questioned by anyone 
b) The President Vladimir Putin stated that the vaccine wasn’t reliable 
c) Despite the President’s speech, professionals questioned the efficiency of Russia’s work 
d) Nobody has had the vaccine yet 
e) Although not everyone developed antibodies in the testing phase, the vaccine was 
released in August in Russia 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 34 
Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson: Actor and family had Covid-19 
 The former wrestler, who is now the world's highest-paid actor, said he, his wife and two 
daughters caught the virus despite being "disciplined" about health protection. 
 He said the positive tests were "a kick in the gut". 
 Now, he added: "We're on the other end of it and no longer contagious. Thank God, we're 
healthy." 
 
 
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Johnson and his family live in the US, which has recorded more than 6.1 million coronavirus 
cases and over 185,700 deaths linked to the disease. 
 The actor, 48, said he and his wife Lauren, 35, and their daughters Jasmine and Tiana, 
aged four and two, contracted the virus about two-and-a-half weeks ago. 
 The American-Canadian actor said his daughters had exhibited mild symptoms, explaining 
they "had a sore throat for the first couple of days, but other than that they bounced back and 
it's been life as normal". 
 "But it was a little bit different for Lauren and I," Johnson said. He said he and his wife 
"had a rough go" - without detailing his exact symptoms - but together they "got through it as a 
family". 
 Johnson said they caught the virus from "very close family friends" who, in turn, had no 
idea how they had been infected. 
 "I can tell you that this has been one of the most challenging and difficult things we have 
ever had to endure as a family," Johnson said in a video posted to his Instagram account. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54008181) 
 
34. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, Dwayne Johnson 
 
a) And his family weren’t affected by the coronavirus 
b) And his wife had an asymptomatic infection 
c) Did not experience difficulties in his infection period 
d) And his family contracted the coronavirus because of a careless routine 
e) And his family, despite discipline, were infected with the coronavirus 
 
 
35. (EFOMM – 2017) Choose the option that correctly completes the text below, respectively. 
 “______ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over to 
the Albany to call on his uncle, Lord Fermor, a genial if somewhat rough-mannered old 
bachelor, ______ the outside world called selfish, ______ it derived no particular benefit 
from him, but ______ was considered generous by Society as he fed the people who 
amused him.” 
(WILDE, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Collins Classics.) 
 
( a ) On / which / nonetheless / that 
( b ) About / where / notwithstanding / which 
( c ) In / who / instead / whom 
( d ) At / whom / because / who 
( e ) Around / that / consequently / which 
 
36. (EFOMM – 2017) All the sentences below are correct, EXCEPT: 
( a ) Carefully, she laid the papers on the table and left the room. 
( b ) These children are very badly brought up. They are always shouting and fighting each 
other. 
( c ) We looked at lots of different makes of car but, in the end it was a question of price. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
( d ) The train is my favorite way of transport. 
( e ) The road out of our village goes up a steep hill. 
 
NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates 
 
 NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after 
they attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the highspeed chase only 
ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates’ skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the 
Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers 
and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard 
a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATais maritime headquarters in 
England. 
 "How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker," 
Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker. 
 Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was 
escortinga World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS 
Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase. 
 "There was a lengthy pursuit, over said. The pirates hurled weapons into Canadian and U.S. 
warships closed in. NATais anti-piracy mission. 
 "The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was 
heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after 
several attempts to stop the vessel." 
 Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and 
finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped 
most of their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a 
rocketpropelled grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates. 
 The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian 
citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory. 
 "When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national 
authorities," Fernandes said. "It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue." 
 The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the 
coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates 
they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and 
witnesses to court. 
 Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in 
2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at 
least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310 
crew hostage, according to an Associated Press count. 
(Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09) 
 
37. (EFOMM – 2010) "The economic downturn has affected many households in the United 
States. U.S. homeowners have continued investing their money in the stock market 
though". The underlined connective expresses the idea of: 
(A) conclusion 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
(B) time 
(C) emphasis 
(D) contrast 
(E) addition 
 
38. (EFOMM – 2010) "She has tried to reach them four times on the phone without success. 
Hence she needs to write them as her last option." The underlined connective expresses 
the idea of: 
 
(A) addition 
(B) conclusion 
(C) enumeration 
(D) contrast 
(E) concession 
 
39. (EFOMM – 2010) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences: 
 
I - A stranger came into the hall _____ he opened the front door. 
II - _____ you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you can do about it. 
III - _____ extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was found of any relative. 
IV - You cannot be put on probation _____ you are guilty. 
 
(A) Like / although / despite / as soon as 
(B) Since / although / despite / as soon as 
(C) Since / even though / although / unless 
(D) As / once / although / unless 
(E) As / once/ in spite of / even if 
 
40. (EFOMM – 2010) “People believe that saving money is the key to happiness. Nevertheless, 
enjoying life also involves spending money on things that make you feel happy and 
accomplished.” The underlined connective could be replaced with: 
 
(A) Thus 
(B) Moreover 
(C) Still 
(D) Therefore 
(E) Furthermore 
 
Text II 
Based on the text below, answer question 41 
Pidgins and creoles 
Pidgin Languages 
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share a 
common language, but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. Pidgins 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
have been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’ languages. They have a limited 
vocabulary, a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of functions, 
compared to the languages which gave rise to them. They are the native language of no one, but 
they are nonetheless a main means of communication for millions of people, and a major focus 
of interest to those who study the way languages change. 
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in 
generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the 
reality. A pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk, 
laziness, corruption, primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: pidgins 
are demonstrably creative adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and rules of their 
own. Along with creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of linguistic change, as 
languages come into contact with each other, producing new varieties whose structures and 
uses contract and expand. They provide the clearest evidence of language being created and 
shaped by society for its own ends, as people adapt to new social circumstances. This emphasis 
on processes of change is reflected in the terms pidginization and creolization. 
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and 
Portuguese – reflecting the history of colonialism. However, this observation may be the result 
only of our ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or South-east Asia, 
where situations of language contact are frequent. One of the best-known non-European 
pidgins is Chinook Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in north-west USA. Another 
is Sango, a pidginized variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-central Africa. 
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last for very long – sometimes 
for only a few years, and rarely for more than a century. They die when the original reason for 
communication diminishes or disappears, as communities move apart, or one community learns 
the language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop into a creole.) The pidgin 
French which was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the French left; similarly, the pidgin 
English which appeared during the American Vietnam campaign virtually disappeared as soon as 
the war was over. But there are exceptions. The pidgin known as Mediterranean Lingua Franca, 
or Sabir, began in the Middle Ages and lasted until the 20th century. 
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of communication between languages that 
they have developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may even be given 
official status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases are known as ‘expanded pidgins’, 
because of the way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users, 
and have come to be used in a much wider range of situations than previously. In time, these 
languages may come to be used on the radio, in the press, and may even develop a literature of 
their own. Some of the most widely used expanded pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian 
Pidgin English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the 
most widely used language in the country. 
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344). 
 
 
41. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
According to the text, 
a) Krio, Nigerian Pidgin English, and Bislama are now considered lingua francas. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
b) the terms pidginization and creolization are used to describe a formal language that turns 
into a pidgin. 
c) there are few exceptions to the fact that pidgin languages don’t last long.d) it would be ideal that pidgins disappear so people would only speak formal languages. 
e) people who use pidgins as their native language are a major focus of interest to those who 
study the way languages change. 
 
42. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Which option is correct? 
a) She needs a lot of motivations to go running everyday. 
b) He paid the taxes to the airline company to take extra luggage. 
c) People should always wear preservatives in order not to get sexually transmitted diseases. 
d) They actually used to use beautiful fabric costumes to take terrific pictures on halloween. 
e) She loves to watch all episodes of her favorite novels on television. 
 
43. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Which of the following sentences expresses possibility? 
a) She can speak German. 
b) He must do the housework before his mother arrives. 
c) You should eat some fruit in order to get healthier. 
d) He might go to the beach tomorrow morning. 
e) You would be stronger if you worked out at the gym. 
 
44. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
“It’s believed that having a lot of money is the key to happiness. Nevertheless, enjoying life also 
involves spending time with family and dear friends.” The underlined connective could be 
replaced with: 
(A) Thus 
(B) Moreover 
(C) Still 
(D) Therefore 
(E) Furthermore 
 
Text II 
Based on the text below, answer question 45. 
Brazil has recorded more than 100,000 deaths linked to Covid-19, the world's second-highest 
figure, as the outbreak in the country shows no sign of easing. 
The virus killed 50,000 people in three months, but that number doubled in just 50 days. There 
have been more than three million confirmed cases so far. 
The pandemic is yet to peak but shops and restaurants have already reopened. 
President Jair Bolsonaro has downplayed the impact of the virus and opposed measures that 
could hit the economy. 
 
 
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The far-right leader, who caught the disease himself and recovered, fought restrictions imposed 
by state governors to curb Covid-19, and has frequently joined crowds of supporters, at times 
without a face mask. 
Experts have complained of a lack of a co-ordinated plan by the Bolsonaro government as local 
authorities now focus on restarting the economy, which is likely to boost the spread of the virus. 
How is Brazil responding to the crisis? 
The health ministry is being led by an army general with no experience in public health. Two 
earlier ministers, both physicians, left the job after disagreeing with the president over social 
distancing measures and the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment, though studies say it is 
ineffective and even dangerous. 
President Bolsonaro - who has called Covid-19 a "little flu" and has been criticised at home and 
abroad for his response to the outbreak - said he recovered from his own infection thanks to the 
anti-malarial drug. 
"We should be living in despair, because this is a tragedy like a world war. But Brazil is under 
collective anaesthesia," Dr José Davi Urbaez, a senior member of the Infectious Diseases Society, 
told Reuters news agency. 
"The government's message today is: 'Catch your coronavirus and if it's serious, there is 
intensive care.' That sums up our policy today." 
Brazil has had 100,477 virus-related deaths and 3,012,412 cases, according to the health 
ministry, though the numbers are believed to be much higher because of insufficient testing. 
Only the United States has higher figures. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-53712087 
 
45. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Read the text and mark the correct option. 
(A) Physicians agree with President Bolsonaro about COVID-19’s treatment. 
(B) Local authorities are carrying out an organised economy restart. 
(C) Brazil’s new cases curve is slowly flattening. 
(D) Social distancing is being kept at all costs in Brazil. 
(E) The worst part of the Pandemic in Brazil is yet to come. 
 
TEXT III 
Trump or Biden? China expects no favours either way 
 
 The Democratic and Republican National Conventions are typically an opportunity for 
US voters to get a sense of what their next president's domestic policies might look like. 
 But this year they also provided a key insight for China Inc as it navigates its rocky 
relationship with the US. 
 Several insiders at Chinese technology firms __46__ me that a Joe Biden presidency would 
be more appealing than another four more years of President Trump - which would be seen as 
"unpredictable". 
 And while they think a Biden administration would still be tough on China, it would be 
based more on reason, and fact rather than rhetoric and politicking. 
 
 
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 One thing is clear though: companies on the mainland believe that whoever is in the 
White House the tough stance on China is here to stay. 
 Here are three things that are worring Chinese companies the most about the next US 
administration - and what they're doing to protect themselves: 
Decoupling 
 This word gets used a lot these days. President Trump and his administration talk about 
it in tweets and in press statements in relation to China. 
 Decoupling basically means undoing more than three decades' worth of US business 
relations with China. 
 Everything is on the cards: from getting American factories to pull their supply chains out 
of the mainland, to forcing Chinese-owned companies that operate in the US - like TikTok and 
Tencent - to swap their Chinese owners for American ones. 
 Make no mistake, under a Trump administration "decoupling will be accelerated", __47__ 
Solomon Yue, vice chairman and chief executive of the Republicans Overseas lobby group. 
 "The reason is because there's a genuine national security concern about our technology 
being stolen," he said. 
 But decoupling isn't that simple. 
 While the US has had some success in forcing American companies to stop doing business 
with Chinese tech giants like Huawei, it is pushing Chinese firms to develop self-sufficiency in 
some key industries, like chip-making and artificial intelligence. 
 "There's a realisation that you can never really trust the US again," a strategist working 
for a Chinese tech firm told me. "That's got Chinese companies thinking what they need to do to 
protect their interests." 
Delisting 
 As part of its focus on China, the Trump administration has come up with a set of 
recommendations for Chinese firms listed in the US, setting a January 2022 deadline to comply 
with new rules on auditing. 
 If they don't, according to the recommendations, they risk being banned. 
 While a Biden administration may not necessarily push through with the exact same ban, 
analysts say the scrutiny and tone of these recommendations is likely to stay. 
 "A Democrat, whether in the White House, Senate or Congress, would have little reason 
to roll back Trump's toughness on China without some concession in return," said Tariq Dennison, 
a Hong Kong-based investment adviser at GFM Asset Management. 
 '"One thing both parties seem to agree on in 2020 is to blame China for any of America's 
problems that can't be easily blamed on the other party. That's not going to change anytime 
soon." 
 While fears of being delisted aren't high on the list of concerns for Chinese companies 
that are already listed in the US, it's enough to sway the decisions of companies that are looking 
to float in the future. 
 Take Ant Group, for example, the mammoth Chinese digital financial services group that 
this week filed for an IPO. 
 Affiliated to the Alibaba Group, which is listed in the US and Hong Kong, it chose Hong 
Kong and Shanghai in which to sell its sharesinstead of the US. 
 
 
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 __48__ other Chinese companies are likely to follow suit, as tensions between the US and 
China get worse. 
Deglobalisation 
 China has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of globalisation over the last 30 years. It 
has helped hundreds of millions of Chinese afford a better quality and standard of life, the bedrock 
upon which President Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream is based. 
 But that's precisely what President Trump says needs to change: his administration argues 
that China has become richer while the US has become poorer. 
 During Mr Trump's term, deglobalisation - where borders are less open and trade is less 
free - has become a trend. And it's something that Beijing knows won't change even after the 
election. 
 "The fundamental adjustment of the US' strategic mind-set over China is real", reads the 
latest op-ed in the Communist Party's mouthpiece, The Global Times. 'This has to a large extent 
reset the China-US relationship." 
 One of the natural consequences of globalisation was arguably a safer world. 
 If you're doing business with one another, chances are you're not going to want to get in 
a fight - or at least not open conflict. 
 A big worry for many businesses in Asia is that a real military clash between the two 
superpowers is inevitable - and those concerns only grew this week when Beijing fired missiles 
into the South China Sea, a lucrative but contested waterway. 
 The reset of the US-China relationship is dangerous - not just for the US and China - but 
for the rest of us too. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-
53928783?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business&link_location=live-reporting-story) 
 
46. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) Will tell 
b) Is telling 
c) Had been telling 
d) Will be telling 
e) Have told 
 
47. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) Nevertheless 
b) Despite 
c) According to 
d) As well as 
e) Accordingly 
 
48. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) According to 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
b) Each time fewer 
c) Meanwhile 
d) Increasingly 
e) And 
 
Discovery 
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the bacteria-killing properties of penicillin while conducting 
research at St. Mary’s Hospital in London in 1928. Upon returning to his disorganized lab from a 
weekend vacation, Fleming noticed that one of the Petri dishes was uncovered and a blue-green 
mold was growing inside. Rather than tossing the contaminated dish into the trash, he looked 
carefully and observed that the mold had killed bacteria growing nearby. Quite by accident 
Fleming had discovered penicillin, the antibiotic released by the mold of the genus Penicillium. 
Alexander Fleming was well acquainted with the treatment of bacterial infections after spending 
World War I as a captain in the British Medical Corps. He witnessed firsthand the lack of 
medicine to treat infections, with disease causing approximately one third of military deaths 
during the Great War. Despite its historical significance, Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928 
brought little attention. The technology and funding needed to isolate and produce the 
antibiotic was unavailable at the time. Fleming, however, continued to grow the Penicillium 
notatum strain in his lab for twelve years, distributing it to scientists and saving the specimen 
for someone willing and able to transform the “mold juice” into a medicine suitable for human 
use. 
Purification and Trials 
___49____, Australian scientist Howard Florey hired Ernst Chain to help with his microbiology 
research at Oxford University. Florey and Chain were interested in Alexander Fleming’s work 
and in 1938, began studying the antibacterial properties of mold. Chain began by purifying and 
concentrating the penicillin “juice” through a complex and tiring process of freeze drying the 
product repeatedly. This slow and relatively inefficient process was improved upon by another 
researcher, Norman Heatley, who purified the penicillin by adjusting the acidity, or pH. 
To their great excitement, Florey’s team successfully cured infected mice with penicillin on May 
25, 1940. Heatley oversaw the trials and recorded in his diary, “After supper with some friends, I 
returned to the lab and met the professor to give a final dose of penicillin to two of the mice. 
The 'controls' were looking very sick, but the two treated mice seemed very well. I stayed at the 
lab until 3:45am, by which time all four control animals were dead.” Delirious with excitement, 
Heatley returned home early that morning, surprised to find that he had put his underpants on 
backwards in the dark! The usually mild-mannered Heatley noted in his journal, “It really looks 
as if penicillin may be of practical importance.” 
Mass Production 
Florey and Chain’s report about the mouse trials drew great interest from both scientific and 
military communities. World War II was well underway in Europe and the ability to combat 
disease and infection could mean the difference between victory and defeat. Because British 
facilities were manufacturing other drugs needed for the war effort in Europe, Florey and 
Heatley travelled to the U.S. in July of 1941 to continue research and seek help from the 
American pharmaceutical industry. They convinced four drug companies, Merck, E. R. Squibb & 
Sons, Charles Pfizer & Co., and Lederle Laboratories, to aid in the production of penicillin. 
 
 
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Florey and Heatley ended up in Peoria, Illinois to work with researchers who had perfected the 
fermentation process necessary for growing penicillin. The researchers in Peoria used corn 
instead of glucose, or simple sugar, as the nutrient source, and the penicillin grew approximately 
500 times more than it had in England! The team searched for more productive strains of 
Penicillium notatum, finding the best specimen growing on an over-ripe cantaloupe in a Peoria 
grocery store. 
Meanwhile, penicillin was used to cure the first human bacterial infection, proving to 
researchers the vital importance of the drug to save lives. But, that one cure used up the entire 
supply of penicillin in the entire U.S! Following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 
1941, it was clear to scientists and military strategists that a combined effort was needed to 
produce the large amounts of penicillin needed to win the war. A total of 21 U.S. companies 
joined together, producing 2.3 million doses of penicillin in preparation of the D-Day invasion of 
Normandy. Penicillin quickly became known as the war’s “miracle drug,” curing infectious 
disease and saving millions of lives. In 1945, Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain, Sir Howard 
Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for the discovery of penicillin 
and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.” We have modern antibiotics today 
because scientists and drug companies worked together to solve a problem. 
(Adapted from https://www.nationalww2museum.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/thanks-to-penicillin-lesson.pdf) Acesso em: 03/04/2020. 
 
49. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) 
A) In another time 
B) Far from there 
C) Meanwhile 
D) Somewhere 
E) Somehow 
 
Industries shut, Ganga water quality improves 
With industries shutdown and people confined to their homes for days following the imposition 
of the 21-day lockdown, the water quality of Ganga river has significantly improved, according 
to a IIT-BHU professor. 
Dr P K Mishra, a professor at the institute's Chemical Engineeringdepartment, attributed the 
improvement to the lack of industrial waste polluting the waters. 
"One-tenth of the pollution in Ganga river comes from industries. As industries are shut due to 
lockdown, situation has become better. We have seen 40-50 per cent improvement in the 
Ganga. It is a significant development," Mishra told news agency ANI. With rainfall on March 15 
and 16, the Ganga's water level has also increased, he said, adding that this meant the river's 
cleaning capacity has also increased. 
"There is a lot of difference between when we see the water of the Ganga river today and what 
used to be earlier. Today, the water looks clean," ANI quoted a local as saying. He added that 
people are also not taking bath at the ghats — a common ritual among locals there. "If this is 
the condition in 10 days, then I believe Ganga river will be like it used to be earlier," he added. 
Another local said nobody would have thought that the lockdown would have such an impact on 
environment. 
 
 
 66 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
With several countries under lockdown to contain the spread of coronavirus, the global 
pollution levels have also dropped significantly. In India, pollution levels have dipped as the 
lockdown in megacities has kept cars off the road and closed factories. New Delhi, which 
regularly has unhealthy air conditions, has now seen its AQI falling below 95 — a big reduction 
from its monthly average of 161 from March 2019. Mumbai, too, has witnessed a similar 
reduction in pollution. 
Due to the improvement in air quality following in India, Dhauladhar range, which is part of a 
Himalayan chain of mountains in Himachal Pradesh, has now become visible from Jalandhar in 
Punjab, The mountain rises from Kangra and Mandi. 
Adapted from (https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/environment/industries-shut-ganga-water-quality-improves/ar-BB12beCN) 
 
50. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) 
“Due to the improvement in air quality following in India, Dhauladhar range, which is part of a 
Himalayan chain of mountains in Himachal Pradesh, has now become visible from Jalandhar in 
Punjab, The mountain rises from Kangra and Mandi.” (last paragraph). The highlighted 
expression is closest in meaning to 
A) otherwise. 
B) thereafter. 
C) beacause of. 
D) moreover. 
E) wherever. 
 
Read the text to do items 51 and 52. 
Covid-19 recoveries: 'It was the most terrifying experience of my life' 
People in the UK who have returned to health after fighting off coronavirus tell their stories 
I could tell the nurses were as scared as me; they told me my coronavirus test was positive as if I 
was going to die,” says Ati, 41, who was admitted to hospital in Edinburgh after suffering from a 
fever, a constant cough, abdominal and chest pain, shortness of breath and the loss of her sense 
of smell and taste. 
She had initially been told by 111 call responders to nurse her symptoms at home, but was 
instructed to go to hospital after coughing up blood. 
On her third day in hospital – her 13th with the illness – Ati started bringing up more blood and 
felt an ever greater tightness in her chest as her temperature rose further. That night it started 
to fall. 
“To my surprise, it did not come back,” she recalls of the fever. “My body finally began to fight it 
off and the next day they told me I could go home the day after if everything stayed stable. 
“I was so relieved. I had kept thinking I should’ve been admitted earlier and feared it was too 
late. It was the most terrifying experience of my life.” 
More than 29,000 people across the UK are confirmed to have contracted Covid-19, and it is 
thought that thousands more have it. The disease has killed 2,352 people in the UK so far. 
Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered. The number in the UK 
remains unclear, but heartening reports are beginning to emerge. 
 
 
 67 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Only patients with the worst symptoms are being admitted to hospital, and 22-year-old Ryan is 
among many whom 111 call handlers have told to stay at home and self-isolate unless they have 
severe difficulties breathing. 
“I’m very relieved I recovered,” says Ryan, a third-year engineering student at Imperial College 
London, telling of coughing red phlegm, exhaustion, night sweats and nausea. “I couldn’t get out 
of bed when the fever was at its worst. I lost my appetite and could barely drink water.” 
He says he is usually healthy and that the ordeal has been a big shock. Now he just wants to 
return to his home country, Malaysia. 
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/apr/01/covid-19-recoveries-it-was-the-most-terrifying-experience-of-my-life 
 
51. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text 
“Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered.” (paragraph 7) 
Mark the option that can replace the expression meanwhile. 
A) Before that 
B) After that 
C) At the same time 
D) Estrategically 
E) Some time after 
 
52. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that does not represent a UK 
fact about covid-19 crisis. 
 
A) Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered. 
B) More than 29,000 people across the UK are confirmed to have contracted Covid-19. 
C) The number of people recovered in the UK remains unclear. 
D) Only patients with the worst symptoms are being admitted to hospital. 
E) It is thought that thousands more have covid-19. 
 
53. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita)Mark the correct option. 
Jack likes to eat meat at least four times a week. 
A) Jack has no problem with not eating meat three times a week. 
B) Jack eats chicken the other three days of the week. 
C) Jack has to eat meat four times a week, at least. 
D) Jack eats vegetarian food at least three times a week. 
E) Jack doesn’t like pork. 
 
Text 
 
Origin story: what do we know now about where coronavirus came from? 
 
 When Chinese scientists alerted colleagues to a new virus last December, suspicion fell on 
a Wuhan market. What have health officials learned since then? A cluster of cases of pneumonia 
of unknown origin had been reported in China in the middle of winter. On the evening of 30 
December, the Wuhan municipal health commission had issued an “urgent notice” online, 
 
 
 68 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
warning all medical facilities to be on the alert and put into effect their emergency plans. It 
pointed the finger of suspicion for the outbreak at the Huanan seafood market. 
 Within days they knew it wasn’t Sars, it wasn’t Mers, it wasn’t flu, Legionella or a host of 
other pathogens. It was new. Van Kerkhove, who painstakingly explains developments in the 
pandemic twice a week at WHO’s briefings on Zoom, is a respiratory expert who had worked a lot 
on coronaviruses including Mers. “I immediately thought this could be a new coronavirus, 
because there are literally hundreds to thousands of coronaviruses that are circulating in 
animals,” she said. That’s why coronaviruses already featured in the WHO’s blueprint for needed 
epidemic research and development. The danger had been out there and recognised since Sars in 
2003. 
 Patient zero may never be found. Covid-19, as we now call it, looked like acute pneumonia 
when it killed frail and elderly people. And it is possible the first people to catch it had no 
symptoms. The first clue was the market, but what looked like a slam dunk at first is now 
uncertain. Of a sample of 41 early confirmed cases, 70% were stall owners, employees or regular 
customers of the Huanan market, which sold seafood but also live animals, often illegally capturedin the wild and slaughtered in front of the customer. But the first confirmed case had no apparent 
connection. 
 The market was closed by the Chinese authorities on 1 January and comprehensively 
cleaned and disinfected, which was helpful to hygiene but destroyed clues. Nonetheless, swab 
tests showed traces of the virus in areas where wild animals had been held. China realised 
the threat posed by the virus… Yet it is not certain that the virus came out of the market. It is 
possible that an infected human took it in, although nobody gives much credence to the latest 
assertions from the Chinese state media that it could have been someone outside the country’s 
borders. 
 The Chinese government was taking the outbreak seriously – and the cost to the country 
in every sense of such a comprehensive shutdown including closing borders. But at that stage 
China was doing what it needed to do – and what so many countries failed to do. It was stamping 
out the virus, not looking for the source. 
 In March the virologists Eddie Holmes and Andrew Rambaut and others published a review 
of what can be deduced from the genetic data in the journal Nature. Specifically, the spike protein 
for which the new coronavirus has become famous has a “receptor binding domain” that will stick 
to a certain receptor – called ACE2 – on a human cell. 
 Excitable China-blaming theories took off on rightwing news websites and social media in 
April, alleging the virus had been made in the Wuhan Institute of Virology lab. They were 
dismissed. 
 However it began, the advantage China and other Asian countries had was that they 
realised the threat. China’s concern, having experienced Sars, was serious virus; the west’s was 
serious disease. And that is why they have not ended their epidemics. If the west has 1,000 cases, 
it will put the 100 that are severe in hospital. The other 900 – nobody has any idea where they 
are, you can’t win that way. “The huge difference was just that extraordinary effort ensuring that 
they effectively isolated all moderate or mild cases.” 
 ___(54)___ where it came from, the only way to tackle a novel virus is to take it incredibly 
seriously. China saw it as a serious virus from day one. 
Adapted from: The Guardian. Origin story: what do we know now about where coronavirus came from? Disponível em: < 
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/12/where-did-coronavirus-come-from-covid >. Acesso em: 12/12/2020. 
 
 
 69 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
54. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
a) spite 
b) in despite of 
c) altogether 
d) regardless of 
e) moreover 
 
If People Are Staying Home, Why Is Coronavirus Still Spreading? 
Two months in to near-nationwide stay-at-home orders, Americans are ready to get back 
to their pre-pandemic lives. Those who are non-essential workers (and followed the rules) have 
been at home all day, every day, save for trips to the grocery store or for socially distant walks. 
And yet, the number of new cases of COVID-19 in the U.S. continues to go up each day, by about 
2 to 4 percent. 
While the number of new cases is decreasing in hard-hit areas like New York, Michigan 
and New Jersey, or small states like Hawaii, which is down to around just 1 new case a day, the 
numbers are spiking upwards in nearly half of the country, from Illinois to Texas to New 
Hampshire to Alabama. 
There isn’t one single reason for the increases, but several, based on the way the U.S. 
shut down (or didn’t), the current push to reopen and the nature of the virus itself. 
Essential Workers 
While many Americans are able to stay home, essential workers are still heading in each 
day, to hospitals, nursing homes, supermarkets and factories — all places where they can come 
in contact with people with COVID-19. 
Nursing homes, in particular, are dealing with large outbreaks of the virus. At least 10,000 
deaths in the U.S. have been linked to nursing homes, where the older residents are highly 
susceptible to COVID-19, and workers are often surrounded by sick patients. One nursing home 
in New Jersey was so overwhelmed by the number of patient deaths that police found 17 bodies 
stacked in the facility’s morgue. 
In the Midwest, several meat processing factories are dealing with large outbreaks 
among their workers that only began in the last few weeks. At a Tyson Foods meat factory in 
Perry, Iowa, 58 percent of the workers have tested positive for COVID-19, NBC News reported. 
Tyson, and several Smithfield meat factories, have had to temporarily close or slow down 
production as workers have gotten sick, leading to meat shortages nationwide. 
Additionally, many of these essential workers are making minimum wage and can’t afford 
to stay home and quarantine, even if they get COVID-19. 
“They are afraid of losing their jobs,” J. Luis Nunez Gallegos, an assistant medical director 
at a health center in Washington, D.C., told The Washington Post. “They are anxious their 
employers won’t respect the quarantine, or that two weeks seems too long, and they don’t 
always have the savings to get by.” 
And as these essential workers continue to go to work, they also risk bringing COVID-19 
home to their families and spreading the virus further. 
The Push to Reopen 
 
 
 70 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Now, with the economy struggling, many governors are starting to slowly lift stay-at-
home orders in their states and allow non-essential businesses, such as hair salons, retail stores 
and gyms, to reopen. This is happening ___55___ warnings from health experts like Dr. Anthony 
Fauci who warn that reopening too soon could cause another spike in cases, and polls showing 
that most Americans are against easing restrictions. 
Several states that have begun to reopen are now seeing an increase in COVID-19 cases, 
The New York Times reported. Indiana, Kansas and Nebraska all eased restrictions on Monday 
despite spiking numbers, along with Iowa, Minnesota, Tennessee and Texas. 
And while the White House was able to announce in mid-April that the projected number 
of deaths had decreased from 100,000 to 60,000 by the end of August, those estimates have 
now gone back up, and deaths are estimated to hit 100,000 by June. As of Wednesday morning, 
more than 71,000 people have died. 
The Virus Persists 
Another issue is the messaging — when social distancing was first emphasized in mid-
March as a way to “flatten the curve” and limit the spread of COVID-19, it wasn’t a way to 
eliminate the virus completely, as people may have believed. 
What social distancing actually does is slow down virus transmission to a level that is 
manageable for hospital workers and enables them to have enough hospital beds, masks and 
equipment to properly treat COVID-19 patients. 
While the virus will eventually slow down in areas that are adhering to social distancing 
and other safety precautions, “there will be some places where it’s still circulating, so it never 
really leaves,” Dr. Robert Norton, a professor of public health at Auburn University and member 
of several coronavirus task forces, previously told PEOPLE. 
Unfortunately, the virus will likely continue to persist until a vaccine is ready, in about 12 
to 18 months at the earliest. 
(Adapted from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/if-people-are-staying-home-why-is-coronavirus-still-spreading/ar-
BB13HSW8?ocid=bingcovid) Acesso em: 07/05/2020. 
 
55. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
A) instead of 
B) despite 
C) according to 
D) in compliance with 
E) hence 
 
Read Text I to do question 56 based on it 
Text I 
February’s Gonna Be a Big Month for Mars 
On the 9th, the first of three spacecraft will arrive at the Red Planet and inaugurate a new era 
of Martian exploration.71 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
__ FEBRUARY 9, the United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft is expected to enter orbit 
around Mars after a six-month, 300-million-mile journey from Earth. It will mark the beginning of 
a historic month for the Red Planet, which will see three separate national missions enter orbit or 
touch down on the surface. Two of the countries behind these missions, the UAE and China, will 
be visiting Mars for the first time; they will become the fifth and sixth countries to pull off that 
feat, respectively. The third mission, launched __ NASA, is expected to become the United States’ 
15th mission to successfully orbit or land on Mars. 
The UAE is the only country that will not attempt a soft landing during the February Mars 
invasion. Instead, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian atmosphere from more than 12,000 
miles above the surface. Planetary scientists hope that the UAE’s robo-meteorologist will fill in 
gaps in our understanding of the Martian climate and help validate environmental data captured 
by rovers and landers on the ground. For the country’s first foray into deep-space exploration, the 
UAE space agency worked with an international team of researchers at the University of Colorado, 
Boulder, to help plan the mission and build the spacecraft. 
“There’s really no point in exploring outer space without adding to knowledge, and we’ve 
never run a science mission,” Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE minister of state for advanced 
sciences and science lead for the Emirates Mars Mission, said during a press conference last week. 
“It wasn’t an easy journey, but it was such an enjoyment to rethink how you develop a planetary 
exploration mission.” 
The Hope spacecraft will be the first new orbiter around Mars since the European Space 
Agency’s ExoMars spacecraft arrived in 2016, but it won’t be the newcomer for long. 
China’s Tianwen-1 mission—which is a lander, rover, and orbiter rolled up into one—is expected 
to arrive less than a day later. China’s space agency has been quiet about its plans for visiting the 
Red Planet, but the craft is expected to attempt a landing shortly after it achieves orbit. 
Unlike NASA’s car-sized Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity, China’s Tianwen-1 rover 
is small enough to stow away inside the stationary lander that will carry it to the surface. Once it 
has safely touched down, the six-wheeled rover will detach itself from the lander and spend the 
next three months exploring its landing site, Utopia Planitia, the planet’s largest impact crater. 
The rover and lander will both relay data ____ the surface to the Tianwen-1 orbiter, which will 
send it back to Earth. Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot 
of details about the exact scientific goals of its mission, a paper about it published last year 
in Nature Astronomy says the agency’s goal is to “perform a global and extensive survey of the 
entire planet.” 
 
 
 72 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
On February 18, a little more than a week after this robotic delegation arrives, NASA’s 
Perseverance rover is expected to touch down. This will involve a harrowing descent to the 
surface, during which the rover must reduce its speed from more than 10,000 miles an hour to 
just a few feet per second over the course of 15 minutes. The descent will end with some aerial 
acrobatics, during which a rocket-powered sky crane will gently deposit the rover on the surface 
while hovering a few dozen feet above the ground. 
“Don’t let anybody tell you different—landing __ Mars is hard to do,” John McNamee, 
project manager for the Perseverance mission at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a 
statement. “But the women and men on this team are the best in the world at what they do. 
When our spacecraft hits the top of the Mars atmosphere at about three and a half miles per 
second, we’ll be ready.” 
Perseverance is essentially a nuclear-powered self-driving car, and its primary mission is 
to collect samples that will be picked up by another spacecraft later this decade and returned to 
Earth. With any luck, this red dust will contain evidence that Mars once hosted microbial life. 
But whether scientists will recognize extraterrestrial life when they see it remains an open 
question. Aside from hunting for aliens, Perseverance will also enable a first-of-its-kind 
technology demonstration involving a small helicopter called Ingenuity. A few days after landing, 
Perseverance will jettison the helicopter in a clearing where it will attempt several short flights. If 
it works, it will be the first time an aircraft has flown on another planet. 
The arrival of three national missions on Mars within two weeks of one another is a 
historic moment in the history of space exploration. It underscores the rapid development of 
space capabilities around the world and the true internationalization of planetary exploration. 
Mars was once the exclusive stomping grounds of the United States and the Soviet Union, but it 
is now also an accessible destination for the European Union, Japan, India, the UAE, and China. 
Getting to Mars is still a major challenge—historically only 40 percent of Mars missions have been 
successful—and there’s no guarantee that all three missions will succeed in their objectives. But 
launching a trio of spacecraft to our closest planetary neighbor is a major achievement and bodes 
well for the future of space exploration. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/februarys-gonna-be-a-big-month-for-mars/) 
 
56. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “Although the Chinese National Space 
Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details about[…]”. The highlighted word is closest 
in meaning to 
 
a) However 
b) Despite 
c) Since 
d) Even though 
e) Besides 
 
Read Text II to do question 57 based on it 
 
Text II 
 
 
 
 73 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
IN LOS ANGELES, the corner of Melrose and Harper has become a tourist destination to rival the 
Eiffel Tower, or the graffitied remains of the Berlin Wall. Rather than an architectural marvel or a 
piece of living history, people line up (or did, in pre-Covid times) to visit the bright pink exterior 
wall of Paul Smith, a clothing retailer. The wall—repainted every three months in the Pantone 
shade “Pink Ladies”—is the background to hundreds of thousands of photos, making it one of the 
most Instagrammed places in Los Angeles, and even the world. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/fake-famous-review-instagram-influencers-documentary/) 
 
 
57. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that correctly substitutes the 
expression rather than (line 02). 
 
a) Instead of. 
c) Despite of. 
b) As well as. 
d) In addition to. 
e) At last. 
 
Read Text IV to do question 58 based on it 
 
Text IV 
When will offices be full again? 
Maybe never, some executives say. 
By Lauren Hirsch 
Many companies do not expect their workers to return to offices until next summer, and 
even then things may never be the same as before, judging by the comments executives made 
this week, highlighted in today’s DealBook newsletter. 
On earnings calls, executives from Goldman Sachs said that about a third of workers in 
New York and London were coming in regularly; at JPMorgan Chase, it’s around 20 percent in 
both cities; and Citigroup said “a small percentage” of employees in North America had returned. 
“Being together enables greater collaboration, which is key to our culture,” said David M. 
Solomon, Goldman’s chief. But Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan acknowledged that some working 
habits may have changed permanently, which “will ultimately reduce the space you need for your 
employees.”Terrance R. Dolan, the finance chief at U.S. Bancorp, told analysts that the bank will 
most likely “consolidate” its corporate real estate to reflect “the new horizon.” 
Is that a problem? Steven J. Goulart, the chief investment officer at MetLife, said at a 
regulatory round table that the “pressure to de-densify” offices to support social distancing could 
support demand for real estate even if buildings aren’t as full as before. 
And as executives conduct more business remotely, going back to in-person meetings and 
pitches seems less urgent. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, the chairman of Indian conglomerate Tata 
Sons, said in an interview with The New York Times that he used to fly from India to the United 
States to pitch a $50,000 project. But recently, he said, his firm’s consultancy business closed $2 
billion worth of deals in “five or six Zoom calls.” 
 
 
 74 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
There are other perks from working at home. BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink is excited 
about what employees could do with the time they save on daily commutes. “They could spend 
two hours improving their health by exercising,” he said on a conference call. “They could spend 
two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” 
Paul Draovitch of Duke Energy said at an investor event that working from home was “not 
without risks,” but also brought certain benefits: “When my Pomeranians walk into the room, it's 
really a pleasure.” 
Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/business/when-will-offices-be-full-again-maybe-never-some-executives-
say.html 
58. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The correct form of the sentence ““They could 
spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” in the 
indirect speech is: 
a) It said that they could have spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
b) It said that they could spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
c) It said that they will spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family. 
d) It said that they spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family. 
e) It said that they have spended two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
 
Huawei to be stripped of role in UK's 5G network by 2027, Dowden confirms 
U-turn puts Boris Johnson on collision course with Tory rebels on timing of ban 
Huawei is to be stripped out of Britain’s 5G phone networks by 2027, a date that puts Boris 
Johnson on collision course with a group of Conservative rebels who want the Chinese company 
eliminated quicker and more comprehensively. 
Oliver Dowden, the UK culture secretary, also announced that no new Huawei 5G kit can be 
bought after 31 December this year – but disappointed the rebels by saying that older 2G, 3G 
and 4G kit can remain until it is no longer needed. 
___59___, the minister declared that the UK will be on an “irreversible path” to eliminating 
“high-risk vendors” such as Huawei in 5G by the time of the next general election in 2024, in 
attempt to placate some MPs. 
But rebel leader Iain Duncan Smith, said there were contradictions in Dowden’s statement. “So 
if there are risks in 5G why are they not a risk to us generally,” the former party leader said, and 
called on the minister “to ban Huawei altogether”. 
In reply, the culture secretary said that “the reality of the 5G network is that it is fundamentally 
different” and added that “in turn 5G will be replaced by 6G and in all of that Huawei will be 
absent”. 
The minister also told MPs that the changes he was announcing would mean “a cumulative 
delay to 5G roll out of two to three years and costs of up to £2bn” – costs that could in theory 
be passed on in bills to consumers. 
The decision represents an enforced U-turn on a previous decision to allow Huawei to supply 
35% of the UK’s 5G equipment, and a compromise with BT and Vodafone, who warned there 
could be phone “outages” if they were forced to act sooner. 
 
 
 75 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
It follows the announcement in May of further US sanctions against Huawei, preventing it from 
using microchips from American suppliers. 
Downing Street then asked the National Cyber Security Centre, part of the spy agency GCHQ, to 
review Huawei’s security and said its equipment could not be considered safe if it had to rely on 
non-US components. 
“The sanctions were a gamechanger,” a Whitehall official said. 
Despite the retreat, the Conservative rebels believe Huawei still represents an immediate 
national security risk and want the UK to follow the US and Australia, which have implemented 
more complete bans. 
The rebel MPs say they number about 60, theoretically enough to defeat the government, if the 
opposition parties join forces with them. They want Huawei removed from existing 3G and 4G 
networks as well as 5G by 2026 at the latest. 
A rebel source said: “The fight is back on. The telecoms infrastructure bill will face amendments 
to ban 3G and 4G on the same basis as 5G and to bring forward the end date for equipment. We 
are confident that they will be successful.” 
If Johnson does not go further, their plan is amend the telecoms security bill intended to 
legislate for the two-part ban on Huawei. That was due to emerge before the summer recess 
but has been pushed back until the autumn. 
Huawei UK urged the government to reconsider, and said the UK would be economically 
damaged if it pressed ahead. 
Ed Brewster, a spokesperson for the company, said: “This disappointing decision is bad news for 
anyone in the UK with a mobile phone. It threatens to move Britain into the digital slow lane, 
push up bills and deepen the digital divide.” 
The prime minister has become embroiled in an intense geopolitical row over Huawei, in which 
the US president, Donald Trump, has demanded the Chinese company be kicked out of the UK, 
claiming it poses a long-term security risk. 
Huawei denies it has ever been asked to engage in any spying on behalf of the Chinese state, 
while Beijing itself says Johnson’s decision will be an acid test of the Sino-British relationship 
that had developed under David Cameron. 
Officials also want Huawei to be removed from high-speed, full-fibre connections following a 
two-year transition period, working with companies to find a way of eliminating the Chinese 
company’s equipment. 
No compensation is expected to be paid to BT or Vodafone or Huawei. BT’s chief executive had 
said on Monday it would be possible to remove Huawei from 5G in five years – but warned that 
it would be impossible to remove older equipment entirely within 10 years. 
A few minutes before the announcement was made on Tuesday, Huawei said former BP boss 
Lord Browne would be stepping down as chairman of its board of directors from September. 
Browne, who had held the post for five years, did not say he was quitting but the company 
thanked him for “his valuable contribution”. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/14/huawei-to-be-stripped-of-role-in-uk-5g-network-by-2027-dowden-
confirms). 
 
59. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
A) even 
B) nevertheless 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
C) although 
D) moreover 
E) notwithstanding 
 
Brexit was meant to make Britain global. It has made us friendless 
It is not a secret that Britain is leaving the EU. The coronavirus crisis has dominated 2020 but not 
obliterated memory of the years before. Still, to be on the safe side, the government is spending 
£93m on a Brexit refresher campaign with the slogan“check, change, go”. 
This is aimed at people who have dealings with Europe and might be under the illusion that it 
will be as easy in the future as it has been in the past. No one has done more to cultivate that 
misapprehension than Boris Johnson. The government’s new message on Brexit is to disregard 
what the prime minister used to say on the subject. 
The essential issue here is that Brexit can make EU membership go away, but not the EU itself. 
When the only problem was being inside, escape was the only solution worth talking about. 
Hardline Eurosceptics were no more bothered by the issue of how an ex-member state might 
manage relations with Brussels than arsonists are interested in what to do with ashes. 
As a result of that complacency, the UK does not have a policy towards the EU, only an impulse 
away from it and that is of fading relevance. No one followed us out. The fire didn’t catch. 
It is important to distinguish strategic European policy from the detail of borders, tariffs and 
regulations. The UK has a detailed agenda for that stuff and negotiations are ongoing. If those 
talks fail, there is always the World Trade Organization (as Brexit ultras never tire of pointing 
out). But even if it were economically sensible to fall back on WTO rules (and it isn’t), the 
question of Britain’s geopolitical alignment would still remain unanswered. 
The rubric for the current talks is “the future relationship”, but the UK has narrowed the 
discussion to exclude everything apart from trade. Johnson took foreign policy, security and 
defence cooperation – the stuff of which international alliances are made – off the table. 
European leaders were baffled by that choice, which seemed to defer discussion of something 
no less urgent than fish quotas and customs declarations, and more important in the long term. 
The UK position is consistent with the Eurosceptic doctrine of pristine sovereignty. In that view, 
EU institutions eat national power. Every programme, even something as ostensibly benign as 
the Erasmus scheme for student exchanges, is a trap. The whole point of new “global” Britain, as 
an upgrade from the old European version, is that it is freer to deal with other global players 
peer-to-peer. 
The limitations of that approach are quickly becoming clear. In January, the government 
announced that it would allow Huawei, the Chinese telecoms company, a limited role in 
developing British 5G infrastructure. Yesterday, the limit became an exclusion, starting next 
year. 
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain, with good reason, that 
Huawei has the potential to be a conduit for Beijing security interests and want its kit stripped 
out of the network even sooner. The more decisive factor is US sanctions against the company 
and the demand from Washington that Britain be more demonstrative in its transatlantic 
loyalty. The unambiguous message from the White House is that trade and security policy are 
intertwined. A country that wants a deal to access US markets can expect to have its foreign 
 
 
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investment relations vetted for intimacy with undesirable states. Beijing has warned of trade 
retaliation against countries deemed hostile to Huawei. 
Any prime minister would prioritise the security alliance with the US over a commercial deal 
with China. But Johnson happens to be the first prime minister to be confronted with the choice 
in stark, binary terms, because his trade policy is a blank sheet of paper and Donald Trump is 
holding the pen. 
As an EU member, Britain’s trade deals were brokered by the European commission, which 
mobilised the scale of the single market – 28 countries; 450 million consumers – as leverage in 
negotiations. That is what concessions in national sovereignty buy, and every government that 
has felt the benefits considers it a price worth paying. The UK was no exception. David Cameron 
was a casual Tory Eurosceptic, happy to play-fight against Brussels banditry, but when the 
choice became real he campaigned to remain. Would Johnson have been a leaver if his Downing 
Street ambitions had come to fruition five years earlier and he had spent some time hobnobbing 
with fellow heads of government at EU summits? I doubt it. 
In less volatile times an independent seat at the WTO would have been meagre compensation 
for losing Britain’s influence as one of the big three EU members. As international trade policy 
gets ever deeper submerged in geopolitical manoeuvres, that swap looks like the worst part-
exchange in strategic history, even if you throw in a new royal yacht and call it Britannia. 
Johnson knows it, too. If the prime minister thought the WTO was where the action happens, he 
would nominate a credible, intelligent statesman with a reputation for probity as Britain’s 
candidate to be the next director general. He offered Liam Fox instead. (Fox will not get the job.) 
The UK is sliding into a strategic void because its only foreign policy is a plan that devalues old 
European alliances and shifts the balance of power to other continents when trying to make 
new deals. Johnson cannot address this challenge without exposing the basic flaw in Brexit, 
which is that the sovereignty he so jealously demands from Brussels buys no clout in 
Washington, Beijing or anywhere else. 
The UK national interest requires a new strategic partnership with the EU, but Johnson refuses 
even to include that concept in the negotiation. The obstacle used to be confidence that Britain 
had no need of Europe. It looks now more like fear of admitting how much of Europe Britain still 
needs. 
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/15/brexit-britain-partnership-boris-johnson) 
 
60. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct? 
A) Britain has excluded the Chinese telecoms company from the Uk, starting this year. 
B) The European leaders liked the idea of British Prime Minister taking defence cooperation 
foreign policy and security off the table. 
C) Tory MP’s and the American government put some pressure on the Prime Minister to 
exclude the Chinese company. 
D) According to White Hall, trade and security policy are intertwined. 
E) Beijing doesn’t intend to retaliate aginst countries deemed hostile to Huawei. 
 
 
 
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61. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the alternative which has the sentence below 
correctly reported. 
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
The author 
A) replied: “the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain” 
B) said that the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained. 
C) asked the readers if the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
D) asked readers if the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained. 
E) said the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
 
62. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) “As a result of that complacency, the UK does not 
have a policy towards the EU” (paragraph 4). The highlighted expression can be replaced 
by 
A) in spite of. 
B) furthermore. 
C) due to. 
D) moreover. 
E) despite. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7.1 GABARITO
1. C 
2. C 
3. B 
4. B 
5. A 
6. B 
7. A 
8. D 
9. B 
10. D 
11. D 
12. B 
13. A 
14. C 
15. B 
16. A 
17. B 
18. D 
19. C 
20. B 
21. A 
22. D 
23. A 
24. C 
25. A 
26. A 
27. A 
28. B 
29. C 
30. B 
31. D 
32. A 
33. C 
34. E 
35. D 
36. D37. D 
38. B 
39. D 
40. C 
41. C 
42. D 
43. D 
44. C 
45. E 
46. E 
47. C 
48. D 
49. C 
50. C 
51. C 
52. A 
53. A 
54. D 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
55. B 
56. D 
57. A 
58. A 
59. D 
60. C 
61. B 
62. C 
 
 
 
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8. QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 
 
 
 
1. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2015) 
Fill in the blank with the suitable option: 
______ many people died, the Pilgrim settlement survived the winter because of help from 
Indians who lived nearby. → Vemos, no trecho, que há uma oposição de ideias: apesar de 
muitas pessoas terem morrido, o assentamento dos peregrinos sobreviveu ao inverno por 
causa da ajuda dos índios que moravam nas proximidades. 
e) Besides 
Besides significa além disso. ERRADA. 
 
f) Because 
Because significa porque, por causa. ERRADA. 
 
g) Although 
 
 
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Although significa justamente apesar de, estabelecendo um contraste de ideias. 
CORRETA. 
 
h) Therefore 
Therefore significa portanto, então, consequentemente. ERRADA. 
 
Gabarito: C 
 
 
2. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative in which the use of “so” does not express the result of an action: 
a) I don’t have a nice dress, so I’m not going to the party tonight. 
b) Water is running out, so people must save it as much as they can. 
c) Lightning is dangerous to everybody, so a lot of people don’t worry about it. 
d) There are weather balloons and satellites to help predict the weather, so meteorologists must 
know how to use them in order to deliver precise forecasts. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “So” está sendo usado para apresentar o resultado de uma ação. 
Eu não tenho um vestido legal, então não irei à festa hoje. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “So” está sendo usado para apresentar o resultado de uma ação. A 
água está acabando , então as pessoas precisam economizar tanto quanto puderem. 
A alternativa C está correta. Nessa alternativa, a palavra “so” introduz uma ação que não é o 
resultado lógico daquilo que é dito anteriormente. Relâmpagos são perigosos para todos, então 
muitas pessoas não se preocupam com isso. Perceba que a segunda parte não é uma 
consequência lógica da primeira, já que seria natural que as pessoas se preocupassem com 
relâmpagos pelo fato de serem perigosos. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “So” está sendo usado para apresentar o resultado de uma ação. 
Há balões e satélites para ajudar a prever o tempo, então meteorologistas têm de saber como 
usá-los para entregar previsões precisas. 
GABARITO: C 
 
3. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2016) 
Select the alternative that best completes the sentence below giving idea of comparison. 
He is a good artist and he sings ____ a professional when he is on stage. 
a) as 
b) like 
c) such 
d) as if 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “as” não se encaixa nesse contexto, pois a questão pede 
a alternativa que dá a ideia de comparação, e “as” tem a ideia de exemplificar. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “like” é perfeita para preencher a lacuna, já que traz 
exatamente a ideia comparação. 
 
 
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A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “such” não se encaixa nesse contexto, pois a questão 
pede a alternativa que dá a ideia de comparação, e “such” tem a ideia de exemplificar ou 
intensificar. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “as if” não se encaixa nesse contexto, pois a questão pede 
a alternativa que dá a ideia de comparação, e “as if” tem a ideia de exemplificar. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the text and answer questions 4 and 5. 
Greenpeace _____ against environmental degradation since 1971 when a small boat of 
volunteers and journalists _____ into the U.S. atomic test zone of Amchitka, Alaska. 
Our focus has been on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planet’s biodiversity and 
environment. It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals, and to challenge 
governments and corporations when they fail to act appropriately in order to protect our 
environment and our future. 
Fonte:www.greenpeace.org 
 
4. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 ‘in order to’, underlined in the text, is used to 
a) give orders. 
b) express purpose. 
c) indicate personal opinion. 
d) talk about a sequence of ideas. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “in order to ” é usada para expressar o propósito de 
algo ser feito, enquanto “give orders” significa dar ordens. Não podemos dizer que essa é uma 
substituição satisfatória. 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “in order to ” é usada para expressar o propósito de 
algo ser feito, e “express purpose” significa expressar propósito. A alternativa define 
perfeitamente o uso de “in order to”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “in order to ” é usada para expressar o propósito de 
algo ser feito, enquanto “indicate personal opinions” significa indicar opiniões pessoais. Não 
podemos dizer que essa é uma substituição satisfatória. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “in order to ” é usada para expressar o propósito de 
algo ser feito, enquanto “talk about a sequence of ideas” significa falar sobre uma sequência de 
ideais. Não podemos dizer que essa é uma substituição satisfatória. 
GABARITO: B 
 
5. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 The sentence ‘It’s also our responsibility to expose environmental criminals.’ means that 
Greenpeace ________, except: 
a) sole responsibility is to expose criminals. 
b) exposes environmental criminals, among other things. 
c) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, too. 
d) is responsible for exposing environmental criminals, as well. 
 
 
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Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O texto diz que é responsabilidade da organização expor criminosos 
ambientais, mas a alternativa estabelece essa como sendo a única responsabilidade do 
Greenpeace. Ao ler o texto, percebemos que a organização faz outras coisas além de expor 
criminosos. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que a organização expõe criminosos e faz outras ações 
para proteger o meio ambiente, exatamente como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que a organização expõe criminosos e faz outras ações 
para proteger o meio ambiente, exatamente como diz a alternativa ao usar a palavra “too”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto diz que a organização expõe criminosos e faz outras ações 
para proteger o meio ambiente, exatamente como diz a alternativa ao usar a expressão “as 
well”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read the text and answer question 6. 
The Bottom Line on Facebook Depression 
Facebook, the most popular social media platform, does not make people more depressed on its 
own. Instead, what the research shows is that Facebook – when used as a surveillance device – 
leads to a greater risk of feelings of envy. And the more those feelings of envy increase, the 
more likely it is for a person to start feeling depressed. 
The key to stopping these feelings is to not use Facebook primarily as a surveillance method to 
spy on your family and friends’ lives. Instead, use it as a social network where you share your 
own information, photos and updates, as well as consume other’s updates and shares. 
Healthy use of Facebook will protect you against the possibility of feeling moredepressed after 
using it. It’s a simple thing you can try for yourself – especially if you feel more envious after 
checking Facebook. 
Fonte: Psych Central – World of Psychology 
 
6. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 In ‘(...) when used as a surveillance device (...)’, (paragraph 1), it means that Facebook is used 
for 
a) updating the news. 
b) keeping track of others. 
c) exchanging the information between more people. 
d) surveying people in order to find out their attitudes or opinions. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “when used as a surveillance device” significa quando usado 
como mecanismo de vigilância. “updating the news” significa atualizar as notícias. As duas frases 
não possuem relação de significação entre si. 
A alternativa B está correta. “when used as a surveillance device” significa quando usado como 
mecanismo de vigilância. “Keeping track of others” significa manter-se seguindo outras pessoas . 
As duas frases têm o mesmo sentido de controlar a vida alheia. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “when used as a surveillance device” significa quando usado 
como mecanismo de vigilância. “Exchanging the information between more people” significa 
 
 
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trocar as informações entre mais pessoas. As duas frases não possuem relação de significação 
entre si. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “when used as a surveillance device” significa quando usado 
como mecanismo de vigilância. “surveying people in order to find out their attitudes or 
opinions” significa pesquisar pessoas para descobrir suas atitudes ou opiniões. As duas frases 
não possuem relação de significação entre si. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the fable and answer question 7. 
The Crab and His Mother 
Mamma Crab _____ to Baby Crab when she _____ that he was walking sideways. Mamma Crab 
said, ‘Why are you walking sideways like that, my son? You have to walk straight.’ Baby Crab 
replied, ‘Show me how, dear mother, and I’ll follow your example.’ 
Mamma Crab tried and tried, but her efforts were in vain. She could not walk straight herself. 
Then, she saw how foolish she had been to find fault with her child. 
Fonte:Aesop’s Fables 
 
7. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EEAR/2017) 
 Change the sentence below into indirect speech. Baby Crab said to Mamma Crab, ‘Show me 
how to walk straight (…).’ 
Baby Crab told _____ how to walk straight (…). 
a) his mom to show 
b) to his mom show 
c) his mom showing 
d) to his mom shows 
Comentários: 
O enunciado pede para que passemos a frase destacada para o discurso indireto. O discuso 
direto é: o bebê carangueijo disse à mamãe carangueijo: “me mostre como andar reto (...)”. 
Portanto, o discurso indireto seria: O bebê carangueijo disse à sua mãe para mostrar como 
andar reto. Em Inglês, teríamos: Baby crab told his mom to show him how to walk straight. Na 
minha opinião essa questão deveria ter sido anulada, pois nenhuma das alternativas mostra 
essa opção e o verbo “show” é transitivo direto e indireto, o que quer dizer que não poderia ser 
omitido o objeto indireto “him”. Mas, de qualquer forma, a alternativa mais próxima de estar 
correta é a letra A. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read the text and answer question 8. 
The Marine’s Father 
A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside. 
“Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times before 
the patient’s eyes opened. 
Heavily sedated because of the pain of his heart attack, he dimly saw the young uniformed 
Marine standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The Marine wrapped his 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
toughened fingers around the old man’s limp ones, squeezing a message of love and 
encouragement. 
The nurse brought a chair so that the Marine could sit beside the bed. All through the night the 
young Marine sat there in the poorly lighted ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering him 
words of love and strength. Occasionally, the nurse suggested that the Marine move away and 
rest awhile. 
He refused. Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was oblivious of her and of 
the night noises of the hospital – the clanking of the oxygen tank, the laughter of the night staff 
members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans of the other patients. 
Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only held 
tightly to his son all through the night. 
Along towards dawn, the old man died. The Marine released the now lifeless hand he had been 
holding and went to tell the nurse. While she did what she had to do, he waited. 
Finally, she returned. She started to offer words of sympathy, but the Marine interrupted her. 
“Who was that man?” he asked. 
The nurse was startled, “He was your father,” she answered. 
“No, he wasn’t,” the Marine replied. 
“I never saw him before in my life.” 
“Then why didn’t you say something when I took you to him?” 
“I knew right away there had been a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and his son 
just wasn’t here. When I realized that he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, 
knowing how much he needed me, I stayed.” 
Author Unknown 
Adapted from (https://academictips.org/blogs/military-story-the-marines-father/) 
 
 
8. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 The expression “ward”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning to __________. 
a) department 
b) hospital 
c) office 
d) infirmary 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O termo “ward” quer dizer enfermaria de um hospital, enquanto 
“department” significa departamento. Portanto, não há uma relação próxima entre as palavras 
neste contexto. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O termo “ward” quer dizer enfermaria de um hospital, enquanto 
“hospital” significa hospital. Portanto, não há uma relação próxima entre as palavras neste 
contexto. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O termo “ward” quer dizer enfermaria de um hospital, enquanto 
“office” significa escritório. Portanto, não há uma relação próxima entre as palavras neste 
contexto. 
 
 
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A alternativa D está correta. O termo “ward” quer dizer enfermaria de um hospital, enquanto 
“infirmary” significa enfermaria. Portanto, há uma relação próxima entre as palavras neste 
contexto. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read the text and answer question 9. 
The Struggles of Our Life 
 Once upon a time a daughter complained to her father that her life was miserable and 
that she didn’t know how she was going to make it. She was tired of fighting and struggling all the 
time. It seemed just as one problem was solved, another one soon followed. 
 Her father, a chef, took her to the kitchen. He filled three pots with water and placed each 
on a high fire. Once the three pots began to boil, he placed potatoes in one pot, eggs in the second 
pot and ground coffee beans in the third pot. He then let them sit and boil without saying a word 
to his daughter. The daughter moaned and impatiently waited, wondering what he was doing. 
After twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He took the potatoes out of the pot and placed 
them in a bowl. He took the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. He then ladled the coffee out 
and placed it in a cup. 
 Turning to her, he asked. “What do you see?” “Potatoes, eggs and coffee,” she hastily 
replied. 
“Look closer”, he said, “and touch the potatoes.” She did and noted that they were soft. 
 He then asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the 
hard-boiled egg. 
 Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. Its rich aroma brought a smile to her face. 
 “Father,what does this mean?” she asked. 
 He explained that the potatoes, the eggs and coffee beans had each faced the same 
adversity – the boiling water. However, each one reacted differently. 
 The potato went in strong, hard and unrelenting, but in boiling water, it became soft and 
weak. The egg was fragile, with the thin outer shell protecting its liquid interior until it was put in 
the boiling water. Then the inside of the egg became hard. However, the ground coffee beans 
were unique. After they were exposed to the boiling water, they changed the water and created 
something new. 
“Which one are you?” he asked his daughter. “When adversity knocks on your door, how 
do you respond? Are you a potato, an egg, or a coffee bean?” 
 The moral of the story: 
 In life, things happen around us, and things happen to us. The only thing that truly matters 
is your choice of how you react to it and what you make of it. Learn, adapt and choose to make 
the best of each experience. 
(Adapted from https://academictips.org/blogs/the-struggles-of-our-life/) 
 
9. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 
 
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 In “In life, things happen around us, and things happen to us…” we can say that 
________________. 
a) This excerpt is talking abou the eggs, potatoes and coffe 
b) Things in our life happen all the time and with everyone 
c) Nothing happens in anyone’s life 
d) Things in our life happen to us and no one else 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase dada não está falando sobre ovos, batatas e café, mas 
sim, que as coisas na nossa vida acontecem o tempo todo e com todo mundo. 
A alternativa B está correta. A frase dada nos infere que as coisas na nossa vida acontecem o 
tempo todo e com todo mundo, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase dada não nos infere que nada acontece na vida de 
ninguém, mas sim, que as coisas na nossa vida acontecem o tempo todo e com todo mundo. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase dada não nos infere que as coisas na nossa vida 
acontecem conosco e com mais ninguém, mas sim, que as coisas na nossa vida acontecem o 
tempo todo e com todo mundo. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the text and answer question 10. 
Spain warned of dire impact of second coronavirus lockdown 
As officials across Spain wrestle with a surge in coronavirus cases, a chorus of voices is warning 
that another lockdown could have dire consequences for a country that just months ago 
emerged from one of Europe’s strictest confinements. 
While cases of the virus have climbed across Europe, Spain has led the pack in recent days. 
More than 78,000 cases have been detected in the past two weeks, pushing the 14-day infection 
rate to 166 per 100,000, compared with 67 in France and 22 in the UK. 
The steady rise has raised the spectre of fresh lockdowns in the coming weeks, particularly in 
Madrid where unions have warned that the primary care system is “on the edge of collapse”, 
due to a lack of staff and testing resources. 
“If things continue as they are going, we’ll probably have to return to some sort of 
confinement, at least partially,” José Felix Hoyo Jiménez of the Spanish non-profit Médicos del 
Mundo told the broadcaster TeleMadrid on Monday. While the recent rise had been steady, it 
was likely to be less pronounced than what the country experienced in March and April, he 
added. 
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/25) 
 
10. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
 In " , a chorus of voices is warning that another lockdown could have dire consequences ", the 
word, in bold type, is closest in meaning to _____________ . Except: 
a) terrible 
b) bad 
c) dreadful 
 
 
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d) terrific 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O termo “dire” quer dizer terrível, e “terrible” significa terrível. 
Portanto, a alternativa fala a mesma coisa do termo do enunciado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O termo “dire” quer dizer terrível, e “bad” significa ruim. 
Portanto, a alternativa fala a mesma coisa do termo do enunciado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O termo “dire” quer dizer terrível, e “dredful” significa terrível, 
horrível. Portanto, a alternativa fala a mesma coisa do termo do enunciado. 
A alternativa D está correta. O termo “dire” quer dizer terrível, e “terrific” significa ótimo, 
maravilhoso. Portanto, a alternativa apresenta uma ideia totalmente diferente do enunciado. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read the text and answer question 11. 
Want an Uber? You may have to send a masked selfie first 
 Since mid-May, Uber has required drivers to take selfies to verify they are wearing a mask or 
face covering before they are able to pick up riders. Soon, certain riders will also be required to 
take a selfie prior to ordering a ride. 
 The company said Tuesday that passengers who have previously been reported by a driver for 
not wearing a mask will be required to take a selfie for mask verification purposes when 
requesting their next ride. 
 The passenger mask verification feature is slated to roll out in the US and Canada by the end of 
the month, and will expand to Latin America and other countries thereafter, the company said 
in a blog post Tuesday. 
 Enforcement of mask use, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
to help slow the spread of the coronavirus, has proven to be difficult, in both public and private 
spaces. In Ubers and Lyfts, riders have had to confirm they are wearing a mask or face covering 
before hailing a ride for several months now, but enforcement has come down to being 
reported by a driver. 
 Now, there will be an added layer once a rider violates the policy. 
 "We firmly believe that accountability is a two-way street," wrote Sachin Kansal, Uber's global 
head of safety product, in the blog post. 
 If a passenger's next ride goes off without a hitch, they will not have to take a selfie again the 
next time they go to request a ride. 
 The mask verification selfie, for both drivers and riders, uses object detection technology to 
determine whether a person is wearing a mask. 
 Kansal told CNN Business that the company has done "a lot of optimizations" to detect things 
like if someone is trying to cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask. "It 
has to be a real-time picture of a face wearing a mask." In the instances where a person orders 
an Uber for a friend or family member with their account, "the person who is actually requesting 
the ride is the person who will have to go through the face verification process." 
 For both riders and drivers, repeated violations of Uber's policies could lead to deactivation, 
but the company declined to go into detail regarding how many violations contribute to a 
removal. 
 
 
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 "We have definitely taken action, including taking people off the platform, both from the rider 
and driver side," Kansal said, referring to mask-related violations. 
 The company said on July 1 that its mask requirement in the US and Canada would be in effect 
indefinitely. 
(Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/01/tech/uber-rider-mask-selfie/index.html) 
 
11. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) In “…to detect things like if someone is trying to 
cover their mouth with their hand, for instance, instead of a mask…”. (paragraph 9), the 
underlined expression can be replaced by 
 
a) According to 
b) Despite 
c) In conclusion 
d) For example 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “for instance” significa por exemplo, e não podeser substituída pela expressão “according to”, que significa de acordo com. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “for instance” significa por exemplo, e não pode 
ser substituída pela palavra “despite”, que significa apesar. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “for instance” significa por exemplo, e não pode 
ser substituída pela expressão “in conclusion”, que significa em conclusão. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “for instance” significa por exemplo, e pode ser 
substituída pela expressão “for example”, que significa por exemplo. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read the comic strip and answer question 12. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/10/16) 
 
 
12. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to what the men said, he _____. 
 
a) Agrees with the woman's method 
b) Thinks she is exaggerating 
c) Really wants to help the woman 
 
 
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d) Feels sorry for the bug 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o que o homem disse, não é correto afirmar 
que ele concorda com o método da mulher, mas sim, que ele pensa que ela está exagerando. 
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o que o homem disse, é correto afirmar que ele 
pensa que ela está exagerando, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o que o homem disse, não é correto afirmar 
que ele quer muito ajudar a mulher, mas sim, que ele pensa que ela está exagerando. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o que o homem disse, não é correto afirmar 
que ele sente pena do inseto, mas sim, que ele pensa que ela está exagerando. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
Read the paragraph and answer questions 13 and 14. 
Want to Relax? Try Yoga 
 Stress is ever present. Fortunately, we’ve got yoga, which is proven to help reduce stress 
and the health effects it causes. The best part? You don’t need any prior experience to 
benefit from the practice. Whether you are at home, work or somewhere in between, yoga 
is always here to help you relax. 
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/guides/well/yoga-stress?surface=home-living-
vi&fellback=false&req_id=923786686&algo=random&imp_id=334157557&action=click&module=Smarter%20Living&pgtyp
e=Homepage&redirect=true) 
 
13. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the paragraph, is correct to say that 
 
a) Yoga is an easy and practical way to relieve stress 
b) Yoga needs a specific place for its realization 
c) Yoga only works with a certain type of person 
d) Yoga, although practical, needs prior knowledge for its realization 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o parágrafo, é correto afirmar que yoga é uma 
forma fácil e prática de aliviar o estresse, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “Fortunately, we’ve got yoga, which is proven to help reduce stress 
and the health effects it causes. The best part? You don’t need any prior experience…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto afirmar que a yoga 
precisa de um local específico para sua realização, mas sim, que pode ser realizada em 
qualquer lugar. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Whether you are at home, work or 
somewhere in between, yoga is always here…”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto afirmar que a yoga 
só funciona com um certo tipo de pessoa, mas sim, que a yoga está sempre disponível para 
nos ajudar a relaxar. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...yoga is always here to help 
you relax”. 
 A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o parágrafo, não é correto afirmar que a yoga, 
apesar de prática, precisa de um conhecimento prévio para sua realização, mas sim, que a 
 
 
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yoga não precisa de experiência prévio. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “You don’t 
need any prior experience to benefit from the practice”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
14. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “Prior”, underlined in the paragraph, has the same 
meaning as 
 
a) Current 
b) Later 
c) Previous 
d) Forward 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “prior” significa anterior e não tem o mesmo 
significado da palavra “current”, que significa atual. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “prior” significa anterior e não tem o mesmo 
significado da palavra “later”, que significa mais tarde. 
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “prior” significa anterior e tem o mesmo significado da 
palavra “previous”, que significa anterior. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “prior” significa anterior não tem o mesmo 
significado da palavra “forward”, que significa frente. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the text and answer questions 15, 16 and 17. 
Holden Matthews: US man jailed for burning historic black churches 
A young white man has been jailed for 25 years for burning down three historic black 
churches in the US state of Louisiana last year. 
 Heavy metal musician Holden Matthews, 23, was also ordered to pay $2.7m (£2.1m) in 
restitution. He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within his favoured music 
scene. 
 A judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked memories 
of a "dark time in history." 
 White supremacists attacked black churches during America's civil rights era. The three 
churches Matthews burnt were St Mary Baptist Church in Port Barre, Greater Union Baptist 
Church in Opelousas and Mount Pleasant Baptist Church in Opelousas, between 26 March and 4 
April. 
 Matthews, the son of a local sheriff's deputy, admitted to posting photographs and video 
on Facebook of the first two churches burning. 
 All three buildings were razed to the ground by the fires, but no-one was injured because 
they were torched at night. 
 A judge cleared him of hate crime charges, which Matthews admitted to earlier this year. 
But he was found guilty of three counts of arson on religious buildings, and one count of using fire 
to commit a federal felony. 
 At the time of the attacks, Matthews was a member of a band called Vodka Vultures. In a 
plea hearing, he said he had sought to emulate church burnings carried out by "black metal" music 
 
 
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fans in Norway in the 1990s. During that period, at least 50 Christian churches in Norway were 
attacked by arsonists in the name of "black metal", a subgenre of heavy metal music. 
 In a statement, Acting US Attorney Alexander Van Hook said Matthews' sentence "should 
send a clear message that there is a high price to pay for this type of destruction and violence". 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54779878) 
 
15. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, we can infer that ________ 
 
a) Holden committed the crimes in order to hurt the religiosity of the people who attended 
the churches 
b) Holden committed the crimes in order to gain popularity in his group 
c) Holden committed the crimes in order to reproduce his racial prejudice in a violent way 
d) Holden committed the crimes in order to obey the rules that govern his favoured music 
scene 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto inferir que Holden 
cometeu os crimes com o intuito de ferir a religiosidade das pessoas que frequentavam as 
igrejas, mas sim, que o intuito dele foi ganhar popularidade em seu grupo. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within 
his favoured music scene”. 
A alternativa B está correta. De acordocom o texto, é correto inferir que Holden cometeu os 
crimes com o intuito de ganhar popularidade em seu grupo, assim como esta opção indica. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “He said he had burnt the churches to boost his 
reputation within his favoured music scene”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto inferir que Holden 
cometeu os crimes com o intuito de reproduzir seu preconceito racial de uma forma 
violenta, mas sim, que o intuito dele foi ganhar popularidade em seu grupo. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within 
his favoured music scene”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto inferir que Holden 
cometeu os crimes com o intuito de obedecer às regras que regem seu grupo musical 
favorito, mas sim, que o intuito dele foi ganhar popularidade em seu grupo. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “He said he had burnt the churches to boost his reputation within 
his favoured music scene”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
16. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the best response 
 
a) Holden's attacks recalled events from a delicate moment in history 
b) Holden’s attacks were carried out at moments in history that we refer to as dark 
c) Holden's attacks were motivated by racial issues, following the premises of his group 
d) Holden's attacks were not seen as related to attacks made during the civil rights era in 
America 
Comentários: 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que os ataques de 
Holden relembraram eventos de um momento delicado da história, assim como esta opção 
indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A judge found the attacks had not been 
racially motivated but said they evoked memories of a ‘dark time in history’”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os ataques 
de Holden foram realizados em momentos da história que nos referimos como sombrios, 
mas sim, que relembraram eventos de um momento delicado da história. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “A judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but 
said they evoked memories of a ‘dark time in history’”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os ataques 
de Holden foram motivados por questões raciais, seguindo as premissas de seu grupo, mas 
sim, que os ataques não foram racialmente motivados, mas evocaram memórias de um 
tempo sombrio da história. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A judge found the 
attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked memories of a ‘dark time in 
history’”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os ataques 
de Holden não foram vistos como relacionados aos ataques feitos da era dos direitos civis na 
América, mas sim, que relembraram eventos de um momento delicado da história, que é 
esse momento sombrio da era dos direitos civis. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A 
judge found the attacks had not been racially motivated but said they evoked memories of a 
‘dark time in history’ … White supremacists attacked black churches during America's civil 
rights era”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
17. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, the attacks 
 
a) Had many victims 
b) Were not the first hate crime committed this year by Matthews 
c) Besides having completely affected the churches, had fatal victims 
d) Were not influenced by acts related to fans of the musical genre in which Matthews acted 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que os ataques tiveram muitas vítimas, 
mas sim, que não tiveram vítimas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...but no-one was 
injured because they were torched at night”. 
A alternativa B está correta. É correto afirmar que os ataques não foram o primeiro crime de 
ódio cometido por Matthews esse ano, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “A judge cleared him of hate crime charges, which Matthews 
admitted to earlier this year. But he was found guilty of three counts of arson…”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que os ataques além de terem afetado 
completamente as igrejas, tiveram vítimas fatais, mas sim, que destruiu as igrejas, porém, 
não tiveram vítimas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “All three buildings were razed 
to the ground by the fires, but no-one was injured because they were torched at night”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não é correto afirmar que os ataques não foram influenciados 
por atos relacionados a fãs do gênero musical em que Matthews atuava, mas sim, que foram 
 
 
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influenciados. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “In a plea hearing, he said he had 
sought to emulate church burnings carried out by ‘black metal’ music fans in Norway in the 
1990”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read the comic strip and answer question 18. 
 
(Adapted from https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2020/11/03) 
 
 
18. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the woman’s attitude, she _______. 
 
a) Didn’t want her husband’s company 
b) Spread needles on the couch, purposely 
c) Nailed a prank on her husband 
d) Was surprised and not too concerned about what happened to her husband 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com a atitude da mulher, não é correto afirmar que 
ela não queria a companhia de seu marido, mas sim, que ela queria. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “no, go right ahead, have a sit” (não, vá em frente, sente-se). 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com a atitude da mulher, não é correto afirmar que 
ela espalhou agulhas pelo sofá, propositalmente, mas sim, que ela não sabia que a agulha 
estava ali. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I’ve been looking all over for that needle” 
(Eu estive procurando por essa agulha). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com a atitude da mulher, não é correto afirmar que 
ela pregou uma peça em seu marido, mas sim, que ela não sabia que a agulha estava ali. Isso 
pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I’ve been looking all over for that needle” (Eu estive 
procurando por essa agulha). 
A alternativa D está correta. De acordo com a atitude da mulher, é correto afirmar que ela 
ficou surpresa e não muito preocupada sobre o que aconteceu com seu marido. Isso pode 
ser confirmado com o trecho “Oh, thanks! I’ve been looking all over for that needle” 
(Obrigada! Eu estive procurando por essa agulha). 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read text to do questions 19 and 20 based on it. 
Text I 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Social media ’destroying how society works' 
A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing great harm to society around the 
world. The executive is a man called Chamath Palihapitiya. He ___________ Facebook in 2007 
and ___________a vice president. He was responsible for increasing the number of users 
Facebook had. Mr Palihapitiya said he feels very guilty about getting more people to use social 
networks. He said the networks are destroying society because they are changing people's 
behavior. Twenty years ago, people talked to each other face to face. Today, people message each 
other and do not talk. People also really care about what other people think of them. They post 
photos and wait to see how many people like the photo. They get very sad if people do not like 
the photo. 
Mr. Palihapitiya said people should take a long break from social media so they canexperience 
real life. He wants people to value each other instead of valuing online "hearts, likes, and thumbs-
up". Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see the world, it is becoming 
easier for large websites to spread lies. It is also becoming easier to hurt other people online. 
Anyone can hide behind a fake user name and post lies about other people. Palihapitiya said this 
was a global problem. He is worried about social media so much that he has banned his children 
from using it. However, he did state that Facebook was a good company. He said: "Of course, it's 
not all bad. Facebook overwhelmingly does good in the world." 
 
19. (CN – 2018) Read the statements to check if they are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). 
I- An ex-Facebook boss said social media is damaging society. 
II- It is becoming more difficult for big websites to spread fake news. 
III- People message each other today instead of talking face to face. 
IV- Palihapitiya said social media does not change our behavior. 
Choose the option that respectively represents the statements above. 
(A) F/T/T/F 
(B) F/F/T/T 
(C) T/F/T/F 
(D) T/T/F/T 
(E) F/F/F/T 
Comentários: 
A afirmativa I é verdadeira. O texto diz que ele chegou ao cargo de vice-presidente da empresa e 
ele realmente diz que mídias sociais causam danos à sociedade. “A former Facebook executive 
has said social media is doing great harm to society around the world”. 
A afirmativa II é falsa. O texto diz que está ficando cada vez mais fácil, para os grandes sites, 
difundir as fake news. “it is becoming easier for large websites to spread lies”. 
A afirmativa III é verdadeira. O texto diz que 20 anos atrás, as pessoas conversavam pessoalmente, 
mas que hoje as pessoas usam mensagens para se comunicar. “Twenty years ago, people talked 
to each other face to face. Today, people message each other and do not talk”. 
A afirmativa IV é falsa. O texto diz que as redes estão destruindo a sociedade porque alteram o 
comportamento das pessoas. “He said the networks are destroying society because they are 
changing people's behavior”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
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20. (CN – 2018) Mark the option in which there is NO Present Continuous Tense. 
(A) A former Facebook executive has said social media is doing great harm to society around the 
world. 
(B) He was responsible for increasing the number of users Facebook had. 
(C) He said the networks are destroying society because they are changing people's behavior. 
(D) Palihapitiya also points out how fake news is affecting how we see the world. 
(E) It is becoming easier for large websites to spread lies. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Há o “Present Continuous Tense” na sentença. “is doing”. 
A alternativa B está correta. “increasing” não funciona como uma ação em andamento neste caso. 
A preposição “for” exige que o verbo que a acompanha flexione para o gerúndio. No entanto, o 
termo funciona como infinitivo na frase. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Há o “Present Continuous Tense” na sentença. “are destroying”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Há o “Present Continuous Tense” na sentença. “is affecting”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Há o “Present Continuous Tense” na sentença. “is becoming”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Directions: Read the text below and answer question 21 according to it. 
 
TEXT Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ by Valerie Strauss 
 
 The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when we now 
worldrenowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The 
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went 
beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized 
tests. 
Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-
mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an 
eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly 
popular with K-12¹ educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not 
respond to traditional approaches, but over time, ‘multiple intelligences’ somehow became 
synonymous with the concept of ‘learning styles’. In this important post, Gardner explains why 
the former is not the latter. 
It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of ‘multiple intelligences’. I have been gratified 
by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and 
business around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction 
and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with 
the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles’. It’s 
high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight. 
First a word about ‘MI theory’. On the basis of research in several disciplines, including the study 
of how human capacities are represented in the brain, I developed the idea that each of us has a 
number of relatively independent mental faculties, which can be termed our ‘multiple 
intelligences’. The basic idea is simplicity itself. A belief in a single intelligence assumes that we 
 
 
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have one central, all-purpose computer, and it determines how well we perform in every sector 
of life. In contrast, a belief in multiple intelligences assumes that human beings have 7 to 10 
distinct intelligences. 
Even before I spoke and wrote about ‘MI’, the term ‘learning styles’ was being bandied about in 
educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed all of 
us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about 
learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and above 
all, are effective. 
Two problems: first, the notion of ‘learning styles’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this 
term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are 
recognized/ assessed/ exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is 
‘impulsive’. Does that mean that Johnny is ‘impulsive’ about everything? How do we know this? 
What does this imply about teaching? Should we teach ‘impulsively’, or should we compensate 
by ‘teaching reflectively’? What of learning style is ‘right-brained’ or visual or tactile? Same 
issues apply. 
 Problem #2: when researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with 
those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style 
analysis produces more effective outcomes than a ‘one size fits all approach’. Of course, the 
learning style analysis might have been inadequate. Or even if it is on the mark, the fact that 
one intervention did not work does not mean that the concept of learning styles is fatally 
imperfect; another intervention might have proved effective. Absence of evidence does not 
prove non-existence of a phenomenon; it signals to educational researchers: ‘back to the 
drawing boards’. 
Here’s my considered judgment about the best way to analyze this lexical terrain: Intelligence: 
We all have the multiple intelligences. But we signed out, as a strong intelligence, an area where 
the person has considerable computational power. Style or learning style: A hypothesis of how 
an individual approaches the range of materials. If an individual has a ‘reflective style’, he/she is 
hypothesized to be reflective about the full range of materials. We cannot assume that 
reflectiveness in writingnecessarily signals reflectiveness in one’s interaction with the others. 
Senses: Sometimes people speak about a ‘visual’ learner or an ‘auditory’ learner. The 
implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion 
is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of 
entirely different cognitive faculties. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the 
intelligence that acts upon that sensory information once picked up. 
These distinctions are consequential. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or a ‘visual 
learner’, that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, 
at best, and ill-conceived at worst. 
In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that 
strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other 
intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common sense ways of 
assessing our own intelligences, and even if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal 
test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or selfassessors, we can decide how best to make 
use of this information. 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
(Adapted from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet) 
 
Glossary: 
 
1. K-12 educators defend the adoption of an interdisciplinary curriculum and methods for 
teaching with objects. 
 
21. (AFA – 2017) Choose the option that shows the indirect speech form for “These 
distinctions are consequential.”. 
 
Gardner 
a) said that those distinctions were consequential. 
b) told these distinctions are consequential. 
c) said us these distinctions were consequential. 
d) told those distinctions are consequential. 
 Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O discurso indireto pede que usemos os verbos no passado em 
relação ao tempo verbal da frase original. Portanto, as palavras “said” e “were” foram 
corretamente empregadas para designar o discurso indireto. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O erro está no uso de “are”. O verbo deveria estar no passado 
(were). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro está na palavra “us”. Não é possível afirmar quem estava 
ouvindo o que Gardner disse. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Mais uma vez, o verbo está no presente quando, na verdade, 
deveria estar no passado (were). 
GABARITO: A 
 
Directions: Answer question 22 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
Many COVID-19 patients lost their sense of smell. Will they get it back? 
 IN EARLY MARCH, Peter Quagge began experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as chills and a 
low-grade fever. As he cut pieces of raw chicken to cook for dinner one night, he noticed he 
couldn’t smell the meat. “Must be really fresh,” he remembers thinking. But the next morning 
he couldn’t smell the Dial soap in the shower or the bleach he used to clean the house. “It 
sounds crazy, but I thought the bleach had gone bad,” he says. When Quagge stuck his head into 
the bottle and took a long whiff, the bleach burned his eyes and nose, but he couldn’t smell a 
thing. 
 The inability to smell, or anosmia, has emerged as a common symptom of COVID-19. Quagge 
was diagnosed with COVID-19, though he was not tested, since tests were not widely available 
at the time. He sought anosmia treatment with multiple specialists and still has not fully 
recovered his sense of smell. 
 Case reports suggest that anywhere between 34 and 98 percent of hospitalized patients with 
COVID-19 will experience anosmia. One study found that COVID-19 patients are 27 times more 
 
 
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likely than others to lose their sense of smell, making anosmia a better predictor of the illness 
than fever. 
 For most COVID-19 patients who suffer anosmia, the sense returns within a few weeks, and 
doctors don’t yet know if the virus causes long-term smell loss. While not being able to smell 
may sound like a small side effect, the results can be devastating. The sense is intricately tied up 
in self-preservation—the ability to smell fire, chemical leaks, or spoiled food—and in our ability 
to pick up on complex tastes and enjoy food. 
 “So many of the ways we connect with each other is over meals or over drinks,” says Steven 
Munger, director of the Center for Smell and Taste at the University of Florida. “If you can’t fully 
participate in that, it creates a sort of social gap.” 
 Smell even plays a role in our emotional lives, connecting us to loved ones and memories. 
People without smell often report feeling isolated and depressed and losing their enjoyment in 
intimacy. Now scientists are starting to unravel how COVID-19 affects this critical sense, hoping 
those discoveries will help thousands of newly anosmic people looking for answers. 
What the nose knows 
 The olfactory system, which allows humans and other animals to smell, is essentially a way of 
decoding chemical information. When someone takes a big sniff, molecules travel up the nose 
to the olfactory epithelium, a small piece of tissue at the back of the nasal cavity. Those 
molecules bind to olfactory sensory neurons, which then send a signal by way of an axon, a long 
tail that threads through the skull and delivers that message to the brain, which registers the 
molecules as, say, coffee, leather, or rotting lettuce. 
 Scientists still don’t fully understand this system, including exactly what happens when it stops 
working. And most people don't realize how common smell loss really is, Munger says. “That 
lack of public understanding means there’s less attention to try to understand the basic 
functions of the system.” 
People can lose their sense of smell after suffering a viral infection, like influenza or the 
common cold, or after a traumatic brain injury. Some are born without any sense of smell at all 
or lose it because of cancer treatments or diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It may also 
fade as people age. While smell disorders aren’t as apparent as hearing loss or vision 
impairment, data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) show that nearly 25 percent of 
Americans over the age of 40 report some kind of change in their sense of smell, and over 13 
million people have a measurable disorder like anosmia, the total loss of smell, or hyposmia, a 
partial loss. Such conditions can last for years or even be permanent. 
 It’s not clear if COVID-19 anosmia is different from other instances of smell loss caused by a 
virus, but those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19 appear to be unique in a few ways. 
First, they notice the loss of the sense immediately because it’s not accompanied by the 
congestion or stuffiness that generally characterizes the early stages of virally induced anosmia. 
 “It’s very dramatic,” says Danielle Reed, associate director of the Monell Chemical Senses 
Center in Philadelphia, which studies smell and taste loss. “People just cannot smell anything.” 
 Another notable difference is that many patients with COVID-19 who report losing their sense 
of smell get it back relatively quickly, in just a few weeks, unlike most people who experience 
anosmia from other viruses, which can last months or years. 
 Quagge estimates he’s recovered about 60 percent of his sense of smell so far, but he says in 
the early days, without any information about when or if he’d ever get it back, he was scared. 
 
 
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An avid amateur chef, he had to rely on his family to tell him if the milk was bad, and he couldn’t 
smell his wife’s perfume. “Stuffthat gets to your soul,” he says. “It bummed me out.” 
(Adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/thousands-covid-19-patients-lost-sense-smell-will-get-back-cvd/) 
 
22. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Mark the correct option. 
a) Doctors claim that the virus causes long-term smell loss. 
b) Doctors claim that the virus does not cause long-term smell loss. 
c) Doctors affirm that the smell loss is inevitable for those who have been affected by the virus. 
d) Doctors still don't know if the virus causes long-term smell loss 
 Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Os médicos não afirmam que o vírus resulta em uma perda de 
olfato a longo prazo, mas sim que ainda não sabem ao certo se o vírus pode causar perda de 
olfato a longo prazo. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Os médicos não afirmam que o vírus não resulta em uma perda 
de olfato a longo prazo, mas sim que ainda não sabem ao certo se o vírus pode causar perda de 
olfato a longo prazo. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Os médicos não afirmam que a perda de olfato é inevitável para 
os afetados pelo vírus, mas sim que ainda não sabem ao certo se o vírus pode causar perda de 
olfato a longo prazo. 
A alternativa D está correta. Os médicos afirmam que ainda não sabem se o vírus pode causar 
perda de olfato a longo prazo. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Directions: Answer question 23 according to TEXT I. 
TEXT I 
Facebook complies with Brazilian judge’s order to block 12 accounts accused of 
running a fake news network 
 Facebook announced Saturday it has obeyed a Brazilian judge’s order for a 
worldwide block on the accounts of 12 of President Jair Bolsonaro’s supporters who are 
under investigation for allegedly running a fake news network. 
 Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had 
failed to fully comply with a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down, saying 
they were still online and publishing by changing their registration to locations outside 
Brazil. 
 Facebook issued a statement saying it complied due to the threat of criminal 
liability for an employee in Brazil. 
 But it called the new order “extreme,” saying it poses a “threat to freedom of 
expression outside of Brazil’s jurisdiction and conflicting with laws and jurisdictions 
worldwide.” The company said it would appeal to the full court. 
 Facebook also argued it had complied with the previous order by “restricting the 
ability for the target Pages and Profiles to be seen from IP locations in Brazil”. 
 “People from IP locations in Brazil were not capable of seeing these Pages and 
Profiles even if the targets had changed their IP location”, the company said. 
 
 
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Moraes said that Facebook ought to pay $ 367,000 in penalties for not complying 
with his previous decision during the last eight days. 
 He also had ruled Twitter should block the accounts. While Twitter said then the 
decision was “disproportionated” under Brazil’s freedom of speech rules and that it would 
appeal, the targeted profiles were disabled. 
 Moraes is overseeing a controversial investigation to determine whether some of 
Bolsonaro’s most ardent allies are running a social media network aimed at spreading 
threats and fake news against Supreme Court justices. 
 The probe is one of the main points of confrontation between Bolsonaro and the 
Supreme Court. 
 The president himself filed a lawsuit last week demanding the accounts to be 
unblocked. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/5874695/facebook-blocks-accounts-worldwide/) 
 
23. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) Read the extract from the text. 
“Alexandre de Moraes said Friday night that the company had failed to fully comply with 
a previous ruling ordering the accounts to be shut down” 
Choose the correct question for the sentence below. 
a) What was the supreme statement on Facebook’s first attitude? 
b) At first, did Facebook comply with the order of Alexandre de Moraes? 
c) What was the final answer from Facebook to the Brazilian Supreme Court Justice? 
d) Were the accounts blocked? 
e) Who is Alexandre de Moraes? 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A frase dada indica que a pergunta se referia ao relato do Supremo 
sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia especificamente 
à primeira atitude de Facebook com relação a ordem do supremo, mas sim ao relato do 
Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia a resposta final 
do Facebook ao Supremo, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se referia ao 
bloqueamento das contas, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A frase dada não indica que a pergunta se refere a quem é 
Alexandre de Moraes, mas sim ao relato do Supremo sobre a primeira atitude do Facebook. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Directions: Answer question 24 according to TEXT II. 
TEXT II 
Lagos’s poor lament COVID fallout: “we don’t see the virus, we see suffering”. 
 Lockdown has tipped many working-class Nigerians from struggle to crisis. 
 Drawing open the curtains in Alapere, Lagos, unveils a sea of shanty roofs and watery-coloured 
housing blocks. “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering,” says Juliana Chokpa, a 38-year-
old cleaner. 
 
 
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 This working-class Lagos community has been reeling from job losses, a collapse in informal 
services, and rising food and transport costs. The pandemic, Chokpa says, has wrought a swift 
descent from struggle into crisis. 
 Her pay of 35,000 naira (£70) a month, working in a lavish home 20 miles away in Banana 
Island, was suddenly halved in March when her employers left the country as coronavirus cases 
began to rise. Weeks later, with government lockdown measures taking hold, her husband, a 
driver for an international corporate firm, was told his pay would be cut by two-thirds because 
the staff he had been driving were working from home. 
“What do we do? Things are a struggle and we have children. They don’t know what these 
difficulties mean. They just want to know they can have their cereal, can enjoy things. 
Sometimes we borrow, sometimes we get help from people. It’s only God sustaining us,” she 
says. 
 In areas such as Alapere, the fallout from the pandemic has tipped economic ecosystems over 
the edge. While Juliana wealthier employers’s have been affected by the lockdown, they are 
better insulated from the disruption. The knock-on effects further down the chain are more 
profound. 
 “Cooks, cleaners, house-helps, they’ve lost their jobs or had their salaries reduced. It’s the 
same thing: their bosses have travelled, or have less income so can’t pay them like before,” she 
says. 
 Transport costs have doubled since the government introduced social distancing, limiting 
passenger numbers to half of normal capacity. Transport providers, also contending with rising 
fuel costs, responded by raising fares. For millions on low incomes, increases of 200 naira 
(£0.40) are upending. “My husband stays at work during the week now because to go back and 
forth is too expensive,” she says. Now she often has to care for their four children alone. 
 For Africa’s largest economy, the pandemic has precipitated a crisis at a time when many 
people were already in difficulty. 
 The government have quickly responded with financial help, including loans to medium 
and small business and cash transfers to some poor and vulnerable households. While the 
programsare likely to have an impact, criticisms have grown that they do not effectively target 
those in need. “The very poor such as the artisans and rural farmers are likely to be financially 
excluded,” Ekeruche said. A national register collated by the government to identify poorer 
citizens eligible for social welfare, only captures a fraction of those requiring help. 
 Already, 82 million Nigerians live on less than $1 a day. Nigeria’s economy was predicted 
to contract by 5.4%, the International Monetary Fund said, while the government anticipated that 
unemployment could rise by half to 33%. 
For many people, the pain of the economic fallout from the coronavirus outbreak feels 
inexplicable. 
 Omozuanfo Fatima, 25, an architecture graduate, helps run her mother’s stall. “I don’t 
know anyone who has the virus, nobody has been sick or died, so to be honest we don’t 
understand why all of this should be happening. None of us are wearing masks,” she says, “but 
we’re all fine.” 
 A lack of trust in the government, often derided as corrupt, has hampered any sense of 
shared sacrifice to help reduce the outbreak. Many people bemoan that the measures have not 
been adapted to the realities for working people. 
 
 
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 Blessing Apara inherited her mother’s fruit and vegetable stall at Obalende 14 years ago. 
“I’ve never remembered it being this bad,” she says. “I’ve lowered my prices to get customers but 
I’m making half of what I used to. I’m just praying it all turns around.” 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/14/lagoss-poor-lament-covid-fallout-we-dont-see-the-virus-we-
see-suffering) 
 
24. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) The expression “We don’t see any virus but we see 
suffering" means. 
a) That they actually see the suffering, not the virus. 
b) That they don’t have any cases there, just the suffering as a result of the situation. 
c) That they experience both, but the suffering is more relevant than the virus. 
d) That they don’t experience any pandemic effects. 
e) That there is no virus or suffering in Africa. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering" 
não significa que as pessoas realmente veem o sofrimento e não o vírus, mas sim experenciam os 
dois, porém o sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering" 
não significa que eles não têm nenhum caso e só sofrem como um resultado da situação, mas sim 
experenciam os dois, porém o sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus. 
A alternativa C está correta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering" 
significa que eles experenciam os dois, porém o sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus, assim 
como afirma esta opção. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering" 
não significa que eles não experienciam nenhum efeito da pandemia, mas sim experenciam os 
dois, porém o sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “We don’t see any virus but we see suffering" 
não significa que não há virus ou sofrimento na Africa, mas sim experenciam os dois, porém o 
sofrimento é mais relevante do que o vírus. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Observe this comic strip to do item 25 
 
(https://www.thecomicstrips.com/comic-strip/Pickles/2020-09-17/184837) 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
25. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) About Earl, we can assume that 
 
a) He thinks that he is helping enough at home 
b) He is helping just enough at home 
c) He didn’t collaborate with his wife 
d) He doesn’t care about helping around the house 
e) He was cleaning the house 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. Sobre Earl, é correto afirmar que ele pensa que está ajudando o 
suficiente em casa, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele está ajudando o 
suficiente em casa, mas sim, que ele apenas pensa isso. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele não colaborou com 
sua esposa, mas sim, que ele fez o que ela pediu, ou seja, colaborou. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele não se importa em 
ajudar em casa, mas sim, que ele se importa e pensa que ajuda. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Sobre Earl, não é correto afirmar que ele estava limpando a 
casa, mas sim, que ele estava sentado no sofá. 
 GABARITO: A 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 26. 
“Hello”, said a quiet, musical voice. 
I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me. He was sitting as far away from me as the desk 
allowed, but his chair was angled toward me. His hair was dripping wet – he looked like 
someone in a commercial for hair gel. His dazzling face was friendly, open, a slight smile on his 
flawless lips. But his eyes were careful. 
“My name is Edward Cullen,” he continued. “I didn’t have a chance to introduce myself last 
week. You must be Bella Swan.” 
My mind was spinning with confusion. He was perfectly polite now. I had to speak; he was 
waiting. But I couldn’t think of anything conventional to say. 
“H-how do you know my name?” I stammered. 
He laughed a soft laugh. 
“Oh, I think everyone knows your name. The whole town was waiting for you to arrive.” 
MEYER, S. Twilight. New York: Megan Tingley Books, 2006. Page 43 
 
26. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2012) 
According to the sentence “I looked up, stunned that he was speaking to me.”, Bella 
[A] didn’t expect Edward to approach her. [B] was feeling comfortable. 
[C] didn’t want to be friends with Edward. [D] didn’t want to talk to Edward. 
[E] was offended by Edward’s attitude. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O uso da palavra “stunned”, que significa atordoada, indica que ela 
não esperava que Edward a abordasse. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O uso da palavra “stunned”, que significa atordoada, indica que 
ela não esperava que Edward a abordasse. Portanto, não se pode dizer que ela estava 
confortável. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela não queria fazer 
amizade com Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela não queria falar com 
Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto não nos permite entender que ela se sentiu ofendida pela 
abordagem de Edwards, apenas que ela foi pega de surpresa com a abordagem dele. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 27. 
Welcome to Madrid: City of Protests 
Madrid (CNN) – “The people, united, will never be divided!” yells the crowd, angrily waving 
banners and placards. “To fight is the only way!” Dog-walkers, mothers with strollers, and 
pensioners carrying shopping bags join the crowd. These people on the sidewalk are no curious 
neighbors. Indeed, many of them are complete strangers to the family living on the fifth floor, 
but they are all here to protect Rocio from eviction - being forced to leave her property by legal 
process. 
Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school, moved from Ecuador in 2003, when times were 
good and jobs plentiful in Spain. But then the global financial crisis hit, bringing Spain’s economy 
down, Rocio lost her two jobs - in a shop, and as a cleaner. For a while, Rocio got by on benefits, 
but then those stopped too. She is an example ofthe crisis many Spaniards face as the country 
deals with the highest unemployment rate since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession 
entering its second year. “I can’t stand the thought of living on the streets with my son, but I 
have no idea where else to go”, she says. 
Rocio’s story is echoed by others all over Spain. It is this fear that took many Spanish citizens to 
action. Many of those people who are outside the door of Rocio’s apartment block are 
supporters of “Stop Desahucios” (Stop Evictions), part of the Platform of People Affected by 
Mortgages (PAH – Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to prevent 
banks and authorities from eviction because of the country’s economic crisis. They accuse the 
banks and authorities of “real estate terrorism”. 
There are also the mass marches of the 15-M movement - also known as the “Indignados”. 
Activist Dante Scherma, 24, says citizens were not used to speaking out on political issues. “The 
15-M movement made people talk about social issues, and about politics in normal 
conversations - in cafés, restaurants, bars - where before they only talked about football or 
fashion.” 
Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has arrived, but the crowd - now shouting at the police, 
insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their properties - appears to have had an 
impact. Lawyers from the PAH explain that Rocio will be able to stay - for a while, at least. For 
those working to stop Spain’s eviction epidemic, today has seen a small and temporary victory. 
For those demonstrating about cuts, corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on. 
Adaptado de http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/ world/europe/madrid-city-of-protests/index.html 
 
 
 
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27. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2013) 
According to the text, Rocio 
[A] moved to Spain when there were many jobs there. 
[B] was the only person affected by the crisis in Spain. 
[C] is getting benefits from Spain’s government nowadays. 
[D] had two jobs in Ecuador before moving to Spain. 
[E] has the best job in Spain nowadays. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O texto diz que Rocio se mudou para a Espanha em 2003, quando 
havia abundância de empregos no país, exatamente como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que está havendo uma epidemia de despejos no país 
por conta da crise econômica. Portanto, não se pode dizer que Rocio foi a única pessoa afetada 
pela crise na Espanha. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que ela recebeu benefícios do governo durante algum 
tempo, mas que esses benefícios acabaram. Poranto, não podemos dizer que ela ainda recebe 
esses benefícios. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não diz que ela tinha dois trabalhos no Equador, mas sim 
que ela tinha dois trabalhos na Espanha antes da crise. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto diz que Rocio não possui emprego algum hoje em dia, 
muito menos o melhor dos empregos. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 28. 
Military Officers Face a New Evaluation 
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes 
following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and 
development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the 
security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers. 
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of 
top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by 
superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both 
competence and character in a richer way”. 
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward 
operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of 
military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can 
have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life 
of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.” 
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down 
assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from 
subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be 
impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and 
regulations on a routine basis”. 
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs. 
The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers 
 
 
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to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside 
the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a 
commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations. 
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say 
you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General 
Dempsey said. 
Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us 
 
28. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2014) 
In the sentence “Conversely, you can have...” (paragraph 3), the word conversely indicates that 
the two situations described in the paragraph 
[A] have similar elements. [B] have opposite elements. 
[C] have identical elements. [D] have chronological elements. 
[E] have unbelievable elements. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma 
coisa é o contrário da outra. “Have similar elements” quer dizer que os elementos são similares, 
e não contrários entre si. 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma coisa 
é o contrário da outra. “Have opposite elements” quer dizer que os elementos são opostos, 
exatamente a mesma ideia de “conversely”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma 
coisa é o contrário da outra. “Have identical elements” quer dizer que os elementos são 
idênticos, e não contrários entre si. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma 
coisa é o contrário da outra. “Have chronological elements” quer dizer que os elementos são 
cronológicos, e não contrários entre si. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “conversely” traz a ideia de contradição, que uma 
coisa é o contrário da outra. “Have unbelievable elements” quer dizer que os elementos são 
inacreditáveis, e não contrários entre si. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 29. 
Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies 
A Japanese soldier who refused to surrender after World War Two ended and spent 29 years in 
the jungle has died aged 91 in Tokyo. Hiroo Onoda remained in the jungle on Lubang Island near 
Luzon, in the Philippines, until 1974 because he did not believe that the war had ended. He was 
finally persuaded to emerge after his ageing former commanding officer was flown in to see 
him. Onoda was greeted as a hero on his return to Japan. 
The young soldier had orders not to surrender - a command he obeyed for nearly three decades. 
“I became an officer and I received an order. If I could not carry it out, I would feel shame. I am 
very competitive”, he said. Three other soldiers were with him at the end of the war. One 
emerged from the jungle in 1950 and the other two died.109 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Mr Onoda ignored several attempts to get him to surrender. He later said that he dismissed 
search parties sent to him, and leaflets dropped by Japan, because there was always something 
suspicious, so he never believed that the war had really ended. Though Onoda had been 
officially declared dead in December 1959, search parties were sent out in 1972, when the last 
person from his group was killed by local police, but they did not find him. Onoda was now 
alone. 
On February 20, 1974, a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki, found Onoda after four days of searching. 
They became friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was waiting for orders 
from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as 
proof of their encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda’s commanding officer, 
Major Yoshimi Taniguchi. He flew to Lubang where on March 9, 1974, he finally met with Onoda 
and rescinded his original orders in person. 
The Philippine government granted him a pardon, although many in Lubang never forgave him 
for killing 30 people during his campaign on the island. The news media reported on this and 
other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return home. 
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25772192 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroo_Onoda 
 
29. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2014) 
According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative. 
I) Hiroo Onoda was in the jungle for 29 years. 
II) Hiroo Onoda was abandoned in the jungle by his country after the war ended. 
III) Hiroo Onoda tried to go back home many times. 
IV) Hiroo Onoda had another soldier with him until 1972. 
V) Hiroo Onoda was admired by people in Lubang. 
[A] III and V are correct. 
[B] I and II are correct. 
[C] I and IV are correct. 
[D] I and III are correct 
[E] All of them are correct. 
Comentários: 
A afirmativa I está correta. O texto diz que ele ficou na floretsa por 29 anos após o fim da guerra 
recusando-se a render-se, exatamente como diz a afirmativa. 
A afirmativa II está incorreta. O texto diz que o Japãoprocurou por ele em diferentes ocasiões. 
Portanto, não se pode dizer que o país o abandonou na selva depois que a guerra terminou. 
A afirmativa III está incorreta. O texto diz que, nesses 29 anos que ele passou na selva, ele nunca 
se rendeu ou quis voltar pra casa, diferentemente do que diz a afirmativa. 
A afirmativa IV está correta. O texto diz que a última pessoa que restava com ele foi morta pela 
polícia local em 1972. Então, podemos afirmar que ele tinha outro soldado com ele até 1972. 
A afirmativa V está incorreta. O texto diz que as pessoas de Lubang não gostavam dele porque 
ele matou 30 pessoas durante sua campanha lá. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 30. 
We’re so well educated – but we’re useless 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite 
being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant 
when it comes to basic life skills. 
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. I 
have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning, 
probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing 
experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my 
modern education. 
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from 
their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation – 
a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves 
distinctions in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a 
shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call 
for help from a professional handyman or tailor. 
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow 
our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these 
things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption. 
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that 
isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of 
some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language 
and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where 
craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate 
information. We need to develop children into people that not only think for themselves, but 
are also able to act for themselves. 
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/ mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless 
 
30. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – EsPCEx/2015) 
In the sentence “Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills.” 
(paragraph 4), the word besides can be replaced by 
[A] however 
[B] in addition to 
[C] to the exclusion of 
[D] though 
[E] as a result of 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, enquanto “however” 
significa entretanto. 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, exatamente como “in 
addition to”, que significa adicionalmente. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, enquanto “to the 
exclusion of” significa à exclusão de. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, enquanto “though” 
significa apesar. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “besides” significa além de, enquanto “as a result of” 
significa como resultado de. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 31. 
Iowans struggle to find help, strength after powerful storm devastates homes, farms 
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa — In the five days since a massive storm system laid waste to this city, 
Ethel Fontenette, 65, has been trying to make sure neighbors in her retirement community stay 
well fed. 
With many older people who use wheelchairs trapped in their apartments and food rotting in 
their fridges, she set up a grill in the parking lot as some residents work as runners, carrying food 
down to cook and then up again to feed people. 
Even though the power is back, they still need help. 
“No one starved,” Fontenette said. But “we have a long way to go.” 
Iowans have “endured the unimaginable,” Gov. Kim Reynolds (R) said Friday, as the state tries to 
recover from Monday’s derecho. The violent thunderstorm — which struck with the force of a 
Category 2 hurricane with little warning — lasted 14 hours with wind speeds that reached 140 
miles an hour. It devastated scores of communities in the Hawkeye State, and Cedar Rapids, a 
city of more than 125,000 people, was among the hardest hit. Most homes and businesses 
sustained damage, trees and wires are down everywhere, roads are blocked, and hospitals are 
overrun. 
The National Guard brought some relief to the stricken area as the week ended, and Reynolds 
announced at a news conference Friday that the state will apply Monday for a federal disaster 
declaration that would provide financial assistance to affected homeowners and cover repairs 
for critical infrastructure. 
Affected Iowans say they feel as if they are living on an island or as if the derecho hurled them 
backinto a previous century, with no electricity, spotty cellphone coverage and a lack of clarity 
about what the future holds. 
“People didn’t know. We couldn’t communicate to the outside world,” said Zack Kucharski, 
executive editor of the Cedar Rapids Gazette, who described not being able to reach his parents, 
either physically or by phone, even as he tried to keep the newsroom running. 
Adapted form https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/iowans-struggle-to-find-help-strength-after-powerful-storm-devastates-homes 
 
31. (Estratégia Militares 2020– Inédita) According to the text, choose the correct statement. 
[A] Iowans were suffering from hunger five days after the storm. 
[B] The storm left 125,000 people homeless. 
[C] Iowans are in a tough situation but they know things will go back to normal quickly. 
[D] Gov. Reynolds said the Iowans have gone through something impossible to imagine. 
[E] Five days after the end of the storm, people were able to live their normal lives without 
major problems. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto diz que ninguém passou fome, diferentemente do que diz 
a alternativa. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que a tempestade afetou uma cidade com 125 mil 
habitantes, e não que todos eles ficaram sem suas casas. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que os cidadãos não sabem quando as coisas voltarão 
ao normal, contrariamente ao que diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa D está correta. O governador disse que os habitantes do estado de Iowa passaram 
por algo inimaginável, exatamente como diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto diz que as pessoas ainda não sabem quando poderão 
normalizar suas vidas, enquanto a alternativa diz que elas já haviam normalizado suas rotinas 
após 5 dias da passagem da tempestade pelo local. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 32. 
Research connects vaping to a higher chance of catching the virus — and suffering its worst 
effects. 
 Since the start of the pandemic, experts have warned that the coronavirus — a respiratory 
pathogen — most likely capitalizes on the scarred lungs of smokers and vapers. Doctors and 
researchers are now starting to pinpoint the ways in which smoking and vaping seem to 
enhance the virus’s ability to spread from person to person, infiltrate the lungs and spark some 
of Covid-19’s worst symptoms. 
 “I have no doubt in saying that smoking and vaping could put people at increased risk of poor 
outcomes from Covid-19,” said Dr. Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, a pediatric pulmonologist at 
Columbia University. “It is quite clear that smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the 
predominant symptoms of Covid are respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in 
combination.” 
 But while several studies have found that smoking can more than double a person’s 
risk of severe Covid-19 symptoms, the relationship between vaping and Covid-19 is only 
beginning to become clear. A team of researchers recently reported that young adults who vape 
are five times more likely to receive a coronavirus diagnosis. 
(Adapted from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/world/covid-19-coronavirus.html) 
 
32. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the sentence “It is quite clear that 
smoking and vaping are bad for the lungs, and the predominant symptoms of Covid are 
respiratory. Those two things are going to be bad in combination” (paragraph 2), Dr. 
Stephanie 
 
a) Is pretty sure that lung problems and COVID-19 predominant symptoms will not result in 
good consequences 
b) Isn’t sure about what would happen if someone with lung problems gets COVID-19 
c) Is sure that predominant symptoms from COVID-19 would not be affected by lung 
problems 
d) Is sure that she can’t yet affirm about the effects of COVID-19 in someone with lung 
problems 
e) Isn’t sure if smoking and vaping are bad for lungs 
Comentários: 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com a sentença dada, é correto afirmar que a Dr. 
Stephanie tem certeza de que problemas nos pulmões e sintomas predominantes da COVID-
19 não irão resultar em boas consequências, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a 
Dr. Stephanie não tem certeza sobre o que iria acontecer se alguém com problemas no 
pulmão, pegasse a COVID-19, mas sim, que ela tem certeza de que essas duas coisas não irão 
resultar em uma boa combinação. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a 
Dr. Stephanie tem certeza de que os sintomas predominantes da COVID-19 não serão 
afetados por problemas de pulmão, mas sim, que esses sintomas são predominantemente 
respiratórios e, provavelmente, se agravariam com algum problema no pulmão. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a 
Dr. Stephanie tem certeza de que ela ainda não pode afirmar sobre os efeitos da COVID-19 
em alguém com problemas de pulmão, mas sim, que ela afirmou que essas duas coisas não 
combinariam, ou seja, não seriam bons efeitos. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com a sentença dada, não é correto afirmar que a 
Dr. Stephanie não tem certeza se fumar ou vaporizar são ruins para o pulmão, mas sim, que 
eles são ruins para o pulmão e isso já está claro. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 33. 
Coronavirus: Russian vaccine shows signs of immune response 
 Russian scientists have published the first report on their coronavirus vaccine, saying early tests 
showed signs of an immune response. 
 The report published by medical journal The Lancet said every participant developed 
antibodies to fight the virus and had no serious side effects. 
 Russia licensed the vaccine for local use in August, the first country to do so and before data 
had been published. 
 Experts say the trials were too small to prove effectiveness and safety. 
 But Moscow has hailed ___(1) results as an answer to critics. Some Western experts have 
raised concerns about the speed of Russia's work, suggesting that researchers might be cutting 
corners. 
 Last month, President Vladimir Putin said ___(2) vaccine had passed all the required checks and 
that one ___(3) his own daughters had been given it. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54036221) 
 
33. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, choose the correct 
statement 
 
a) Russia’s vaccine wasn’t questioned by anyone 
b) The President Vladimir Putin stated that the vaccine wasn’t reliable 
c) Despite the President’s speech, professionals questioned the efficiency of Russia’s work 
d) Nobody has had the vaccine yet 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
e) Although not everyone developed antibodies in the testing phase, the vaccine was 
released in August in Russia 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a vacina 
russa não foi criticada por ninguém, mas sim, que foi criticada por experts. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “Experts say the trials were too small to prove effectiveness and 
safety”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o presidente 
Vladimir Putin afirmou que a vacina não era confiável, mas sim, que a mesma passou por 
todos os testes requeridos. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “President Vladimir Putin 
said the vaccine had passed all the required checks…” 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordocom o texto, é correto afirmar que apesar da fala do 
presidente, profissionais questionaram a eficiência do trabalho da Rússia, assim como esta 
opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Experts say the trials were too small to 
prove effectiveness and safety”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que ninguém 
tomou a vacina ainda, mas sim, que, pelo menos, uma das filhas do presidente Vladimir 
Putin já foram vacinadas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “…that one of his own 
daughters had been given it”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que apesar de 
nem todo terem desenvolvido anticorpos na fase de testes, a vacina foi lançada em agosto 
na Rússia, mas sim, que todos desenvolveram anticorpos nos testes. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “…every participant developed antibodies to fight the virus and had 
no serious side effects”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda a questão 34 
Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson: Actor and family had Covid-19 
 The former wrestler, who is now the world's highest-paid actor, said he, his wife and two 
daughters caught the virus despite being "disciplined" about health protection. 
 He said the positive tests were "a kick in the gut". 
 Now, he added: "We're on the other end of it and no longer contagious. Thank God, we're 
healthy." 
Johnson and his family live in the US, which has recorded more than 6.1 million coronavirus 
cases and over 185,700 deaths linked to the disease. 
 The actor, 48, said he and his wife Lauren, 35, and their daughters Jasmine and Tiana, 
aged four and two, contracted the virus about two-and-a-half weeks ago. 
 The American-Canadian actor said his daughters had exhibited mild symptoms, explaining 
they "had a sore throat for the first couple of days, but other than that they bounced back and 
it's been life as normal". 
 "But it was a little bit different for Lauren and I," Johnson said. He said he and his wife 
"had a rough go" - without detailing his exact symptoms - but together they "got through it as a 
family". 
 
 
 115 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 Johnson said they caught the virus from "very close family friends" who, in turn, had no 
idea how they had been infected. 
 "I can tell you that this has been one of the most challenging and difficult things we have 
ever had to endure as a family," Johnson said in a video posted to his Instagram account. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-54008181) 
 
34. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) According to the text, Dwayne Johnson 
 
a) And his family weren’t affected by the coronavirus 
b) And his wife had an asymptomatic infection 
c) Did not experience difficulties in his infection period 
d) And his family contracted the coronavirus because of a careless routine 
e) And his family, despite discipline, were infected with the coronavirus 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Dwayne 
Johnson e sua família não foram afetados pelo corona vírus, mas sim, que foram afetados 
pelo mesmo. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I can tell you that this has been one of 
the most challenging and difficult things we have ever had to endure as a family…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Dwayne 
Johnson e sua mulher tiveram uma infecção assintomática, mas sim, que eles tiveram uma 
experiencia difícil com o vírus por conta dos sintomas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o 
trecho “But it was a little bit different for Lauren and I … had a rough go”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Dwayne 
Johnson não teve dificuldades em seu período de infecção, mas sim, que ele e sua família 
experenciaram um momento difícil. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “I can tell you 
that this has been one of the most challenging and difficult things we have ever had to 
endure as a family”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Dwayne 
Johnson e sua família contraíram o corona vírus por conta de uma rotina descuidada, mas 
sim, que eles realizaram todas as medidas de proteção de forma disciplinada, mas, apesar 
disso, contraíram o vírus. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...caught the virus despite 
being ‘disciplined’ about health protection”. 
A alternativa E está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que Dwayne Johnson 
e sua família, apesar da disciplina, foram infectados com o corona vírus, assim como esta 
opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “…he, his wife and two daughters 
caught the virus despite being ‘disciplined’ about health protection”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
35. (EFOMM – 2017) Choose the option that correctly completes the text below, respectively. 
 “______ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over to 
the Albany to call on his uncle, Lord Fermor, a genial if somewhat rough-mannered old 
bachelor, ______ the outside world called selfish, ______ it derived no particular benefit 
from him, but ______ was considered generous by Society as he fed the people who 
amused him.” 
 
 
 116 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
(WILDE, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Collins Classics.) 
 
( a ) On / which / nonetheless / that 
( b ) About / where / notwithstanding / which 
( c ) In / who / instead / whom 
( d ) At / whom / because / who 
( e ) Around / that / consequently / which 
Comentários: 
“___at___ half-past twelve next day Lord Henry Wotton strolled from Curzon Street over 
to the Albany to call on his uncle, Lord Fermor, a genial if somewhat rough-mannered old 
bachelor, ___whom___ the outside world called selfish, ___because___ it derived no 
particular benefit from him, but ___who___ was considered generous by Society as he fed 
the people who amused him.” 
Ao citar horário, deve-se utilizar a preposição “at”. 
A segunda lacuna funciona como objeto direto deslocado do verbo “called”. Neste caso, 
“whom” é a variação de “who” que funciona como objeto, já que “who” exerce função de 
sujeito. 
A terceira lacuna apresenta uma justificativa para o fato dele ser chamado de egoísta 
(selfish), consequentemente “because” é a melhor alternativa para preencher esta lacuna. 
A quarta lacuna retoma “Lord Fermor”, portanto, “who” é a opção mais adequada para 
preencher a lacuna e retomar o nome citado anteriormente. 
Temos a sequência: at / whom / because / who. 
GABARITO: D 
 
36. (EFOMM – 2017) All the sentences below are correct, EXCEPT: 
( a ) Carefully, she laid the papers on the table and left the room. 
( b ) These children are very badly brought up. They are always shouting and fighting each 
other. 
( c ) We looked at lots of different makes of car but, in the end it was a question of price. 
( d ) The train is my favorite way of transport. 
( e ) The road out of our village goes up a steep hill. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A sentença está escrita conforme a norma padrão da língua 
inglesa. “Carefully, she laid (deitou/repousou) the papers on the table and left (deixou/foi 
embora) the room.” 
A alternativa B está correta. A sentença está escrita conforme a norma padrão da língua 
inglesa. “These children are very badly (de forma ruim) brought up (“to bring up a child” = 
criar uma criança, ensinar uma criança a se comportar”). They are always shouting 
(gritando) and fighting (brigando) each other (umas com as outras).” 
A alternativa C está correta. A sentença está escrita conforme a norma padrão da língua 
inglesa. “We looked at lots of (muitos) different makes (marcas/fabricantes) of car but, in 
the end (no final)it was a question of price.” 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O “the” no início desta frase é incorreto, pois é um artigo 
definido, ou seja, ao usar o “the” antes de “train”, estamos dizendo que aquele trem 
específico é meu meio de transporte preferido, ao invés de dizer que trens são meus meios 
 
 
 117 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
de transporte preferidos. Além disso, ao falar em meios de transporte, devemos dizer “way 
of transportation”, e não “way of transport” como dito na alternativa. “Way of transport” 
significa: via de transporte, e não meio de transporte. 
A alternativa E está correta. A sentença está escrita conforme a norma padrão da língua 
inglesa. “The road (rua) out of our village (saindo da nossa vila) goes up (sobe) a steep hill 
(Encosta/colina íngreme).” 
GABARITO: D 
 
NATO ships, helicopters hunt down 7 pirates 
 
 NAIROBI, Kenya - NATO warships and helicopters pursued Somali pirates for seven hours after 
they attacked a Norwegian tanker, NATO spokesmen said Sunday, and the highspeed chase only 
ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates’ skiff. Seven pirates attempted to attack the 
Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne late Saturday but fled after crew took evasive maneuvers 
and alerted warships in the area, said Portuguese Lt. Cmdr. Alexandre Santos Fernandes, aboard 
a warship in the Gulf of Aden, and Cmdr. Chris Davies, of NATais maritime headquarters in 
England. 
 "How the attack was thwarted is unclear, it appears to have been the actions of the tanker," 
Davies said. Fernandes said no shots were fired at the tanker. 
 Davies said the pirates sailed into the path of the Canadian warship Winnipeg, which was 
escorting a World Food Program delivery ship through the Gulf of Aden. The American ship USS 
Halyburton was also in the area and joined the chase. 
 "There was a lengthy pursuit, over said. The pirates hurled weapons into Canadian and U.S. 
warships closed in. NATais anti-piracy mission. 
 "The skiff abandoned the scene and tried to escape to Somali territory," Fernandes said. "It was 
heading toward Bossaso but we managed to track them. Warning shots have been made after 
several attempts to stop the vessel." 
 Both ships deployed helicopters, and naval officers hailed the pirates over loudspeakers and 
finally fired warning shots to stop them, Fernandes said, but not before the pirates had dumped 
most of their weapons overboard. NATO forces boarded the skiff, where they found a 
rocketpropelled grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates. 
 The pirates cannot be prosecuted under Canadian law because they did not attack Canadian 
citizens or interests and the crime was not committed on Canadian territory. 
 "When a ship is part of NATO, the detention of a person is a matter for the national 
authorities," Fernandes said. "It stops being a NATO issue and starts being a national issue." 
 The pirates' release underscores the difficulties navies have in fighting rampant piracy off the 
coast of lawless Somalia. Most of the time, foreign navies simply disarm and release the pirates 
they catch due to legal complications and logistical difficulties in transporting pirates and 
witnesses to court. 
 Pirates have attacked more than 80 boats this year alone, four times the number assaulted in 
2003, according to the Kuala Lumpur-based International Maritime Bureau. They now hold at 
least 18 ships - including a Belgian tanker seized Saturday with 10 crew aboard - and over 310 
crew hostage, according to an Associated Press count. 
(Adapted from: www.ap.org, 04/19/09) 
 
 
 118 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 
37. (EFOMM – 2010) "The economic downturn has affected many households in the United 
States. U.S. homeowners have continued investing their money in the stock market 
though". The underlined connective expresses the idea of: 
(A) conclusion 
(B) time 
(C) emphasis 
(D) contrast 
(E) addition 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e não expressa a ideia de 
conclusão, mas sim, de contraste. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A desaceleração 
econômica afetou muitas famílias nos Estados Unidos. Apesar disso, os proprietários dos EUA 
continuaram investindo seu dinheiro no mercado de ações”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e não expressa a ideia de 
tempo, mas sim, de contraste. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A desaceleração 
econômica afetou muitas famílias nos Estados Unidos. Apesar disso, os proprietários dos EUA 
continuaram investindo seu dinheiro no mercado de ações”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e não expressa a ideia de 
ênfase, mas sim, de contraste. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A desaceleração 
econômica afetou muitas famílias nos Estados Unidos. Apesar disso, os proprietários dos EUA 
continuaram investindo seu dinheiro no mercado de ações”. 
A alternativa D está correta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e expressa a ideia de 
contraste, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A 
desaceleração econômica afetou muitas famílias nos Estados Unidos. Apesar disso, os 
proprietários dos EUA continuaram investindo seu dinheiro no mercado de ações”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O conectivo “though” significa “apesar” e não expressa a ideia de 
adição, mas sim, de contraste. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A desaceleração 
econômica afetou muitas famílias nos Estados Unidos. Apesar disso, os proprietários dos EUA 
continuaram investindo seu dinheiro no mercado de ações”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
38. (EFOMM – 2010) "She has tried to reach them four times on the phone without success. 
Hence she needs to write them as her last option." The underlined connective expresses 
the idea of: 
 
(A) addition 
(B) conclusion 
(C) enumeration 
(D) contrast 
(E) concession 
Comentários: 
 
 
 119 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) não expressa a ideia de adição, mas 
sim, de conclusão. Ou seja, “Ela tentou contatá-los quatro vezes ao telefone, sem sucesso. Por 
isso, ela precisa escrevê-los como sua última opção”. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) expressa a ideia de conclusão, assim 
como esta opção indica. Ou seja, “Ela tentou contatá-los quatro vezes ao telefone, sem sucesso. 
Por isso, ela precisa escrevê-los como sua última opção”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) não expressa a ideia de enumeração, 
mas sim, de conclusão. Ou seja, “Ela tentou contatá-los quatro vezes ao telefone, sem sucesso. 
Por isso, ela precisa escrevê-los como sua última opção”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) não expressa a ideia de constraste, 
mas sim, de conclusão. Ou seja, “Ela tentou contatá-los quatro vezes ao telefone, sem sucesso. 
Por isso, ela precisa escrevê-los como sua última opção”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “hence” (por isso) não expressa a ideia de concessão, 
mas sim, de conclusão. Ou seja, “Ela tentou contatá-los quatro vezes ao telefone, sem sucesso. 
Por isso, ela precisa escrevê-los como sua última opção”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
39. (EFOMM – 2010) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences: 
 
I - A stranger came into the hall _____ he opened the front door. 
II - _____ you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you can do about it. 
III - _____ extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was found of any relative. 
IV - You cannot be put on probation _____ you are guilty. 
 
(A) Like / although/ despite / as soon as 
(B) Since / although / despite / as soon as 
(C) Since / even though / although / unless 
(D) As / once / although / unless 
(E) As / once/ in spite of / even if 
Comentários: 
A primeira sentença deve ser preenchida com “as” (enquanto), ou seja, a frase deve ser escrita 
da seguinte forma: “A stranger came into the hall as he opened the front door” (Um estranho 
entrou no corredor enquanto abria a porta da frente). 
A segunda sentença deve ser preenchida com “once” (uma vez que), ou seja, a frase deve ser 
escrita da seguinte forma: “Once you begin to look at the problem there is almost nothing you 
can do about it” (Uma vez que você começa a olhar para o problema, não há quase nada que 
você possa fazer a respeito). 
A terceira sentença deve ser preenchida com “although” (apesar), ou seja, a frase deve ser 
escrita da seguinte forma: “Although extensive inquiries were made at the time, no trace was 
found of any relative” (Embora na época tenham sido feitas extensas investigações, nenhum 
parente foi encontrado). 
A quarta sentença deve ser preenchida com “unless” (a menos que), ou seja, a frase deve ser 
escrita da seguinte forma: “You cannot be put on probation unless you are guilty” (Você não 
pode ser colocado em liberdade condicional a menos que seja culpado). 
 
 
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GABARITO: D 
 
40. (EFOMM – 2010) “People believe that saving money is the key to happiness. Nevertheless, 
enjoying life also involves spending money on things that make you feel happy and 
accomplished.” The underlined connective could be replaced with: 
 
(A) Thus 
(B) Moreover 
(C) Still 
(D) Therefore 
(E) Furthermore 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e não poderia ser 
substituída por “thus”, que significa “assim”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e não poderia ser 
substituída por “moreover”, que significa “além disso”. 
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e poderia ser 
substituída por “still”, que significa “ainda”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e não poderia ser 
substituída por “therefore”, que significa “portanto”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “nevertheless” significa “no entanto” e não poderia ser 
substituída por “furthermore”, que significa “além disso”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Text II 
Based on the text below, answer question 41 
Pidgins and creoles 
Pidgin Languages 
A pidgin is a system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share a 
common language, but who want to talk to each other, for trading or other reasons. Pidgins 
have been variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’ languages. They have a limited 
vocabulary, a reduced grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of functions, 
compared to the languages which gave rise to them. They are the native language of no one, but 
they are nonetheless a main means of communication for millions of people, and a major focus 
of interest to those who study the way languages change. 
It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in 
generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the 
reality. A pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor is it the result of baby talk, 
laziness, corruption, primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On the contrary: pidgins 
are demonstrably creative adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and rules of their 
own. Along with creoles, they are evidence of a fundamental process of linguistic change, as 
languages come into contact with each other, producing new varieties whose structures and 
uses contract and expand. They provide the clearest evidence of language being created and 
 
 
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shaped by society for its own ends, as people adapt to new social circumstances. This emphasis 
on processes of change is reflected in the terms pidginization and creolization. 
Most pidgins are based on European languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and 
Portuguese – reflecting the history of colonialism. However, this observation may be the result 
only of our ignorance of the languages used in parts of Africa, South America, or South-east Asia, 
where situations of language contact are frequent. One of the best-known non-European 
pidgins is Chinook Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in north-west USA. Another 
is Sango, a pidginized variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-central Africa. 
Because of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last for very long – sometimes 
for only a few years, and rarely for more than a century. They die when the original reason for 
communication diminishes or disappears, as communities move apart, or one community learns 
the language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin may develop into a creole.) The pidgin 
French which was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the French left; similarly, the pidgin 
English which appeared during the American Vietnam campaign virtually disappeared as soon as 
the war was over. But there are exceptions. The pidgin known as Mediterranean Lingua Franca, 
or Sabir, began in the Middle Ages and lasted until the 20th century. 
Some pidgins have become so useful as a means of communication between languages that 
they have developed a more formal role, as regular auxiliary languages. They may even be given 
official status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases are known as ‘expanded pidgins’, 
because of the way in which they have added extra forms to cope with the needs of their users, 
and have come to be used in a much wider range of situations than previously. In time, these 
languages may come to be used on the radio, in the press, and may even develop a literature of 
their own. Some of the most widely used expanded pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian 
Pidgin English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the 
most widely used language in the country. 
(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344). 
 
41. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
According to the text, 
a) Krio, Nigerian Pidgin English, and Bislama are now considered lingua francas. 
b) the terms pidginization and creolization are used to describe a formal language that turns 
into a pidgin. 
c) there are few exceptions to the fact that pidgin languages don’t last long. 
d) it would be ideal that pidgins disappear so people would only speak formal languages. 
e) people who use pidgins as their native language are a major focus of interest to those who 
study the way languages change. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não diz que esses pidgins são considerados línguas 
francas. O texto apenas diz que esses pidgins são muito utlizados em seus países de origem. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto não diz que línguas formais se transformam em pidgins, 
mas sim que essas línguas dão origem a pidgins. 
A alternativa C está correta. O texto afirma que, normalmente, um pidgin não dura muito 
tempo, raramente chegando a durar um século, mas o texto afirma que há exceções, citando 
uma língua franca meditarrânea para exemplificar. 
 
 
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A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto não fala, em momento algum, que seria bom ou ideal 
que os pidgins desaparecessem. Essa alternativa extrapola o possível entendimentodo texto. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa é citar pessoas que têm um pidgin como 
língua nativa, pois o texto afirma que um pidgins não é língua nativa de ninguém. 
GABARITO: C 
 
42. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Which option is correct? 
a) She needs a lot of motivations to go running everyday. 
b) He paid the taxes to the airline company to take extra luggage. 
c) People should always wear preservatives in order not to get sexually transmitted diseases. 
d) They actually used to use beautiful fabric costumes to take terrific pictures on halloween. 
e) She loves to watch all episodes of her favorite novels on television. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não é correto dizer “a lot of motivations”, seria correto dizer “a 
lot of motivation”, pois motivation é um substantivo incontável, ou seja, não tem plural. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. É incorreto utilizar a palavra “taxes” para falar de taxas. A 
palavra correta na Língua Inglesa para taxas é “fees”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro desta alternativa está no uso da palavra “preservatives” 
que significa conservantes, e não preservativos. A forma correta de escrever seria “wear a 
condom”, pois essa é a palavra que designa preservativos sexuais em inglês. 
A alternativa D está correta. Essa alternativa possui vários falsos cognatos, e todos estão sendo 
usados de maneira correta. Eles, na verdade, costumavam usar lindas fantasias de tecido para 
tirar fotos maravilhosas no halloween. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Não é correto usar “novels” para falar de novelas de TV. Em 
inglês, usamos a expressão soap opera para tratar desse tipo de programa televisivo. “Novel” é 
a palavra usada para falar de romance literário. 
GABARITO: D 
 
43. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Which of the following sentences expresses possibility? 
a) She can speak German. 
b) He must do the housework before his mother arrives. 
c) You should eat some fruit in order to get healthier. 
d) He might go to the beach tomorrow morning. 
e) You would be stronger if you worked out at the gym. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A alternativa diz que ela consegue falar alemão. Não há ideia de 
possibilidade na frase, mas sim de capacidade. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A alternativa diz que ele tem que fazer o trabalho doméstico 
antes que sua mãe chegue. Não há ideia de possibilidade na frase, mas sim de obrigação. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A alternativa diz que você deveria comer frutas para ficar mais 
saudável. Não há ideia de possibilidade na frase, mas sim de aconselhamento. 
 
 
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A alternativa D está correta. Pode ser que ele vá à praia amanhã de manhã. Esta frase nos passa 
a ideia de possibilidade que o enunciado nos pede. Há a possibilidade de ele ir à praia. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A alternativa diz que você seria mais forte se malhasse na 
academia. Não há ideia de possibilidade na frase, já que a palavra “would” está sendo usada 
para estabelecer uma consequência do fato de se malhar na academia. 
GABARITO: D 
 
44. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Adaptada) 
“It’s believed that having a lot of money is the key to happiness. Nevertheless, enjoying life also 
involves spending time with family and dear friends.” The underlined connective could be 
replaced with: 
(A) Thus 
(B) Moreover 
(C) Still 
(D) Therefore 
(E) Furthermore 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, enquanto 
“thus” significa portanto. A substituição não seria adequada. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, enquanto 
“moreover” significa além disso, além do mais. A substituição não seria adequada. 
A alternativa C está correta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, exatamente o 
mesmo significado de “still”, que significa mesmo assim, ou ainda assim. A substituição seria 
perfeita. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, enquanto 
“therefore” significa portanto. A substituição não seria adequada. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O conectivo “nevertheless” significa mesmo assim, enquanto 
“furthermore” significa além disso, além do mais. A substituição não seria adequada. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Text II 
Based on the text below, answer question 45. 
Brazil has recorded more than 100,000 deaths linked to Covid-19, the world's second-highest 
figure, as the outbreak in the country shows no sign of easing. 
The virus killed 50,000 people in three months, but that number doubled in just 50 days. There 
have been more than three million confirmed cases so far. 
The pandemic is yet to peak but shops and restaurants have already reopened. 
President Jair Bolsonaro has downplayed the impact of the virus and opposed measures that 
could hit the economy. 
The far-right leader, who caught the disease himself and recovered, fought restrictions imposed 
by state governors to curb Covid-19, and has frequently joined crowds of supporters, at times 
without a face mask. 
Experts have complained of a lack of a co-ordinated plan by the Bolsonaro government as local 
authorities now focus on restarting the economy, which is likely to boost the spread of the virus. 
 
 
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How is Brazil responding to the crisis? 
The health ministry is being led by an army general with no experience in public health. Two 
earlier ministers, both physicians, left the job after disagreeing with the president over social 
distancing measures and the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment, though studies say it is 
ineffective and even dangerous. 
President Bolsonaro - who has called Covid-19 a "little flu" and has been criticised at home and 
abroad for his response to the outbreak - said he recovered from his own infection thanks to the 
anti-malarial drug. 
"We should be living in despair, because this is a tragedy like a world war. But Brazil is under 
collective anaesthesia," Dr José Davi Urbaez, a senior member of the Infectious Diseases Society, 
told Reuters news agency. 
"The government's message today is: 'Catch your coronavirus and if it's serious, there is 
intensive care.' That sums up our policy today." 
Brazil has had 100,477 virus-related deaths and 3,012,412 cases, according to the health 
ministry, though the numbers are believed to be much higher because of insufficient testing. 
Only the United States has higher figures. 
Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-53712087 
 
45. (Estratégia Militares 2020 – Inédita) 
Read the text and mark the correct option. 
(A) Physicians agree with President Bolsonaro about COVID-19’s treatment. 
(B) Local authorities are carrying out an organised economy restart. 
(C) Brazil’s new cases curve is slowly flattening. 
(D) Social distancing is being kept at all costs in Brazil. 
(E) The worst part of the Pandemic in Brazil is yet to come. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto não diz que médicos concordam com o Presidente 
Bolsonaro acerca do tratamento da COVID-19. O texto diz que dois ministros, que eram 
médicos, já saíram do cargo por discordar dele. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto diz que especialistas estão reclamando pelo fato de a 
reabertura econômica não estar sendo organizada, o contrário do que diz a alternativa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto diz que o pico da doença ainda está por vir no Brasil, 
Portanto, não podemos dizer que a curva de novos casos no Brasil está vagarosamente 
achatando. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto diz que o distanciamento social não está sendo 
respeitado no Brasil, e não que ele está sendo mantido a todo custo.A alternativa E está correta. O texto, de fato, diz que o pico da pandemia ainda está por vir no 
país. Isso é evidenciado no seguinte trecho: “The pandemic is yet to peak but shops and 
restaurants have already reopened”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
TEXT III 
Trump or Biden? China expects no favours either way 
 
 
 
 125 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 The Democratic and Republican National Conventions are typically an opportunity for 
US voters to get a sense of what their next president's domestic policies might look like. 
 But this year they also provided a key insight for China Inc as it navigates its rocky 
relationship with the US. 
 Several insiders at Chinese technology firms __46__ me that a Joe Biden presidency would 
be more appealing than another four more years of President Trump - which would be seen as 
"unpredictable". 
 And while they think a Biden administration would still be tough on China, it would be 
based more on reason, and fact rather than rhetoric and politicking. 
 One thing is clear though: companies on the mainland believe that whoever is in the 
White House the tough stance on China is here to stay. 
 Here are three things that are worring Chinese companies the most about the next US 
administration - and what they're doing to protect themselves: 
Decoupling 
 This word gets used a lot these days. President Trump and his administration talk about 
it in tweets and in press statements in relation to China. 
 Decoupling basically means undoing more than three decades' worth of US business 
relations with China. 
 Everything is on the cards: from getting American factories to pull their supply chains out 
of the mainland, to forcing Chinese-owned companies that operate in the US - like TikTok and 
Tencent - to swap their Chinese owners for American ones. 
 Make no mistake, under a Trump administration "decoupling will be accelerated", __47__ 
Solomon Yue, vice chairman and chief executive of the Republicans Overseas lobby group. 
 "The reason is because there's a genuine national security concern about our technology 
being stolen," he said. 
 But decoupling isn't that simple. 
 While the US has had some success in forcing American companies to stop doing business 
with Chinese tech giants like Huawei, it is pushing Chinese firms to develop self-sufficiency in 
some key industries, like chip-making and artificial intelligence. 
 "There's a realisation that you can never really trust the US again," a strategist working 
for a Chinese tech firm told me. "That's got Chinese companies thinking what they need to do to 
protect their interests." 
Delisting 
 As part of its focus on China, the Trump administration has come up with a set of 
recommendations for Chinese firms listed in the US, setting a January 2022 deadline to comply 
with new rules on auditing. 
 If they don't, according to the recommendations, they risk being banned. 
 While a Biden administration may not necessarily push through with the exact same ban, 
analysts say the scrutiny and tone of these recommendations is likely to stay. 
 "A Democrat, whether in the White House, Senate or Congress, would have little reason 
to roll back Trump's toughness on China without some concession in return," said Tariq Dennison, 
a Hong Kong-based investment adviser at GFM Asset Management. 
 
 
 126 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
 '"One thing both parties seem to agree on in 2020 is to blame China for any of America's 
problems that can't be easily blamed on the other party. That's not going to change anytime 
soon." 
 While fears of being delisted aren't high on the list of concerns for Chinese companies 
that are already listed in the US, it's enough to sway the decisions of companies that are looking 
to float in the future. 
 Take Ant Group, for example, the mammoth Chinese digital financial services group that 
this week filed for an IPO. 
 Affiliated to the Alibaba Group, which is listed in the US and Hong Kong, it chose Hong 
Kong and Shanghai in which to sell its shares instead of the US. 
 __48__ other Chinese companies are likely to follow suit, as tensions between the US and 
China get worse. 
Deglobalisation 
 China has been one of the biggest beneficiaries of globalisation over the last 30 years. It 
has helped hundreds of millions of Chinese afford a better quality and standard of life, the bedrock 
upon which President Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream is based. 
 But that's precisely what President Trump says needs to change: his administration argues 
that China has become richer while the US has become poorer. 
 During Mr Trump's term, deglobalisation - where borders are less open and trade is less 
free - has become a trend. And it's something that Beijing knows won't change even after the 
election. 
 "The fundamental adjustment of the US' strategic mind-set over China is real", reads the 
latest op-ed in the Communist Party's mouthpiece, The Global Times. 'This has to a large extent 
reset the China-US relationship." 
 One of the natural consequences of globalisation was arguably a safer world. 
 If you're doing business with one another, chances are you're not going to want to get in 
a fight - or at least not open conflict. 
 A big worry for many businesses in Asia is that a real military clash between the two 
superpowers is inevitable - and those concerns only grew this week when Beijing fired missiles 
into the South China Sea, a lucrative but contested waterway. 
 The reset of the US-China relationship is dangerous - not just for the US and China - but 
for the rest of us too. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-
53928783?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business&link_location=live-reporting-story) 
 
46. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) Will tell 
b) Is telling 
c) Had been telling 
d) Will be telling 
e) Have told 
Comentários: 
 
 
 127 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no future simple (will 
tell – vai dizer), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have told – ter dito) pois a frase se 
refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no present 
continuous (is telling – está dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have told – ter 
dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no past perfect 
continuous (had been telling – estava dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have 
told – ter dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede um verbo no future continuous 
(will be telling – estará dizendo), mas sim, um verbo no past participle (have told – ter dito) 
pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado. 
A alternativa E está correta. A lacuna em questão pede um verbo no past participle (have 
told – ter dito) pois a frase se refere a algo que estava acontecendo no passado, assim como 
esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: E 
 
47. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
a) Nevertheless 
b) Despite 
c) According to 
d) As well as 
e) Accordingly 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a 
pessoa que fez a fala anterior, ou seja, a preposição “nevertheless” (mesmo assim) não se 
encaixa corretamente. O correto seria, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com). 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposiçãoque introduza a 
pessoa que fez a fala anterior, ou seja, a preposição “despite” (apesar) não se encaixa 
corretamente. O correto seria, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com). 
A alternativa C está correta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a 
pessoa que fez a fala anterior como, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com), assim 
como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a 
pessoa que fez a fala anterior, ou seja, a preposição “as well as” (assim como) não se encaixa 
corretamente. O correto seria, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com). 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A lacuna em questão pede uma preposição que introduza a 
pessoa que fez a fala anterior, ou seja, o advérbio “accordingly” (adequadamente) não se 
encaixa corretamente. O correto seria, por exemplo, “according to” (de acordo com). 
 GABARITO: C 
 
48. (2020 - Estratégia Militares - Inédita) 
 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
a) According to 
b) Each time fewer 
c) Meanwhile 
d) Increasingly 
e) And 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede a preposição “according to” 
(de acordo com), mas sim, uma conjunção que liga a frase anterior com a frase posterior, e 
que indique o que a frase anterior nos inferiu, que cada vez mais as empresas chinesas vão 
seguir o que as outras fizeram, ou seja, “increasingly” (cada vez mais). 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede a conjunção “each time fewer” 
(cada vez menos), mas sim, uma conjunção que liga a frase anterior com a frase posterior, e 
que indique o que a frase anterior nos inferiu, que cada vez mais as empresas chinesas vão 
seguir o que as outras fizeram, ou seja, “increasingly” (cada vez mais). 
A alternativa D está correta. A lacuna em questão pede uma conjunção que liga a frase 
anterior com a frase posterior, e que indique o que a frase anterior nos inferiu, que cada vez 
mais as empresas chinesas vão seguir o que as outras fizeram, ou seja, “increasingly” (cada 
vez mais), assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A lacuna em questão não pede a conjunção “and” (e), mas sim, 
uma conjunção que liga a frase anterior com a frase posterior, e que indique o que a frase 
anterior nos inferiu, que cada vez mais as empresas chinesas vão seguir o que as outras 
fizeram, ou seja, “increasingly” (cada vez mais). 
GABARITO: D 
 
Discovery 
Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the bacteria-killing properties of penicillin while conducting 
research at St. Mary’s Hospital in London in 1928. Upon returning to his disorganized lab from a 
weekend vacation, Fleming noticed that one of the Petri dishes was uncovered and a blue-green 
mold was growing inside. Rather than tossing the contaminated dish into the trash, he looked 
carefully and observed that the mold had killed bacteria growing nearby. Quite by accident 
Fleming had discovered penicillin, the antibiotic released by the mold of the genus Penicillium. 
Alexander Fleming was well acquainted with the treatment of bacterial infections after spending 
World War I as a captain in the British Medical Corps. He witnessed firsthand the lack of 
medicine to treat infections, with disease causing approximately one third of military deaths 
during the Great War. Despite its historical significance, Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928 
brought little attention. The technology and funding needed to isolate and produce the 
antibiotic was unavailable at the time. Fleming, however, continued to grow the Penicillium 
notatum strain in his lab for twelve years, distributing it to scientists and saving the specimen 
for someone willing and able to transform the “mold juice” into a medicine suitable for human 
use. 
Purification and Trials 
___49____, Australian scientist Howard Florey hired Ernst Chain to help with his microbiology 
research at Oxford University. Florey and Chain were interested in Alexander Fleming’s work 
and in 1938, began studying the antibacterial properties of mold. Chain began by purifying and 
 
 
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concentrating the penicillin “juice” through a complex and tiring process of freeze drying the 
product repeatedly. This slow and relatively inefficient process was improved upon by another 
researcher, Norman Heatley, who purified the penicillin by adjusting the acidity, or pH. 
To their great excitement, Florey’s team successfully cured infected mice with penicillin on May 
25, 1940. Heatley oversaw the trials and recorded in his diary, “After supper with some friends, I 
returned to the lab and met the professor to give a final dose of penicillin to two of the mice. 
The 'controls' were looking very sick, but the two treated mice seemed very well. I stayed at the 
lab until 3:45am, by which time all four control animals were dead.” Delirious with excitement, 
Heatley returned home early that morning, surprised to find that he had put his underpants on 
backwards in the dark! The usually mild-mannered Heatley noted in his journal, “It really looks 
as if penicillin may be of practical importance.” 
Mass Production 
Florey and Chain’s report about the mouse trials drew great interest from both scientific and 
military communities. World War II was well underway in Europe and the ability to combat 
disease and infection could mean the difference between victory and defeat. Because British 
facilities were manufacturing other drugs needed for the war effort in Europe, Florey and 
Heatley travelled to the U.S. in July of 1941 to continue research and seek help from the 
American pharmaceutical industry. They convinced four drug companies, Merck, E. R. Squibb & 
Sons, Charles Pfizer & Co., and Lederle Laboratories, to aid in the production of penicillin. 
Florey and Heatley ended up in Peoria, Illinois to work with researchers who had perfected the 
fermentation process necessary for growing penicillin. The researchers in Peoria used corn 
instead of glucose, or simple sugar, as the nutrient source, and the penicillin grew approximately 
500 times more than it had in England! The team searched for more productive strains of 
Penicillium notatum, finding the best specimen growing on an over-ripe cantaloupe in a Peoria 
grocery store. 
Meanwhile, penicillin was used to cure the first human bacterial infection, proving to 
researchers the vital importance of the drug to save lives. But, that one cure used up the entire 
supply of penicillin in the entire U.S! Following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 
1941, it was clear to scientists and military strategists that a combined effort was needed to 
produce the large amounts of penicillin needed to win the war. A total of 21 U.S. companies 
joined together, producing 2.3 million doses of penicillin in preparation of the D-Day invasion of 
Normandy. Penicillin quickly became known as the war’s “miracle drug,” curing infectious 
disease and saving millions of lives. In 1945, Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain, Sir Howard 
Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for the discovery of penicillin 
and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.” We have modern antibiotics today 
because scientists and drug companies worked together to solve a problem. 
(Adapted from https://www.nationalww2museum.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/thanks-to-penicillin-lesson.pdf) Acesso em: 03/04/2020. 
 
49. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) 
A) In another time 
B) Far from there 
C) Meanwhile 
D) Somewhere 
E) Somehow 
 
 
 130 
AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect SpeechComentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “In another time” significaria em outro momento, nesse contexto, 
mas o texto sugere que as coisas aconteceram de forma simultânea. Ao longo do parágrafo, fica 
claro que Florey e Chain se interessam pelo trabalho de Fleming enquanto ele ainda estava em 
andamento. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Far from there” significa longe dali e não preenche a lacuna de 
forma satisfatória. Primeiro porque a lacuna sugere algo que dê noção temporal e não espacial. 
Segundo porque essa informação não se concretiza, pois logo em seguida é dito no texto que 
eles faziam pesquisa n auniversidade de Oxford, que não é longe de londres. 
A alternativa C está correta. “Meanwhile” significa enquanto isso e se encaixa perfeitamente na 
lacuna, pois oferece a noção de tempo simultâneo que o texto nos sugere acontecer. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Somewhere” significa em algum lugar, e não oferece a noção de 
tempo simultâneo que o texto nos sugere existir, apenas uma noção de espaço que até se 
encaixaria gramaticalmente no texto, mas prejudicaria o entendimento semântico dele. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Somehow” significa de alguma forma, e não se encaixa no 
sentido do texto. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Industries shut, Ganga water quality improves 
With industries shutdown and people confined to their homes for days following the imposition 
of the 21-day lockdown, the water quality of Ganga river has significantly improved, according 
to a IIT-BHU professor. 
Dr P K Mishra, a professor at the institute's Chemical Engineering department, attributed the 
improvement to the lack of industrial waste polluting the waters. 
"One-tenth of the pollution in Ganga river comes from industries. As industries are shut due to 
lockdown, situation has become better. We have seen 40-50 per cent improvement in the 
Ganga. It is a significant development," Mishra told news agency ANI. With rainfall on March 15 
and 16, the Ganga's water level has also increased, he said, adding that this meant the river's 
cleaning capacity has also increased. 
"There is a lot of difference between when we see the water of the Ganga river today and what 
used to be earlier. Today, the water looks clean," ANI quoted a local as saying. He added that 
people are also not taking bath at the ghats — a common ritual among locals there. "If this is 
the condition in 10 days, then I believe Ganga river will be like it used to be earlier," he added. 
Another local said nobody would have thought that the lockdown would have such an impact on 
environment. 
With several countries under lockdown to contain the spread of coronavirus, the global 
pollution levels have also dropped significantly. In India, pollution levels have dipped as the 
lockdown in megacities has kept cars off the road and closed factories. New Delhi, which 
regularly has unhealthy air conditions, has now seen its AQI falling below 95 — a big reduction 
from its monthly average of 161 from March 2019. Mumbai, too, has witnessed a similar 
reduction in pollution. 
Due to the improvement in air quality following in India, Dhauladhar range, which is part of a 
Himalayan chain of mountains in Himachal Pradesh, has now become visible from Jalandhar in 
Punjab, The mountain rises from Kangra and Mandi. 
 
 
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Adapted from (https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/environment/industries-shut-ganga-water-quality-improves/ar-BB12beCN) 
 
50. (Estratégia Militares – Inédita – 2020) 
“Due to the improvement in air quality following in India, Dhauladhar range, which is part of a 
Himalayan chain of mountains in Himachal Pradesh, has now become visible from Jalandhar in 
Punjab, The mountain rises from Kangra and Mandi.” (last paragraph). The highlighted 
expression is closest in meaning to 
A) otherwise. 
B) thereafter. 
C) beacause of. 
D) moreover. 
E) wherever. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “otherwise” significa caso contrário, enquanto “due to” significa 
por conta de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “Thereafter” significa depois disso, enquanto “due to” significa 
por conta de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões. 
A alternativa C está correta. “because of” tem exatamente o mesmo significado de “due to”, por 
conta de/por causa de. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “moreover” é um sinônimo de “besides”, dando uma ideia de 
adição, e não de causa como é o caso de “due to”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “wherever” quer dizer em qualquer lugar e não possui nenhuma 
relação de sentido com “due to”, que significa por conta de/por causa de. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the text to do items 51 and 52. 
Covid-19 recoveries: 'It was the most terrifying experience of my life' 
People in the UK who have returned to health after fighting off coronavirus tell their stories 
I could tell the nurses were as scared as me; they told me my coronavirus test was positive as if I 
was going to die,” says Ati, 41, who was admitted to hospital in Edinburgh after suffering from a 
fever, a constant cough, abdominal and chest pain, shortness of breath and the loss of her sense 
of smell and taste. 
She had initially been told by 111 call responders to nurse her symptoms at home, but was 
instructed to go to hospital after coughing up blood. 
On her third day in hospital – her 13th with the illness – Ati started bringing up more blood and 
felt an ever greater tightness in her chest as her temperature rose further. That night it started 
to fall. 
“To my surprise, it did not come back,” she recalls of the fever. “My body finally began to fight it 
off and the next day they told me I could go home the day after if everything stayed stable. 
“I was so relieved. I had kept thinking I should’ve been admitted earlier and feared it was too 
late. It was the most terrifying experience of my life.” 
More than 29,000 people across the UK are confirmed to have contracted Covid-19, and it is 
thought that thousands more have it. The disease has killed 2,352 people in the UK so far. 
 
 
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Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered. The number in the UK 
remains unclear, but heartening reports are beginning to emerge. 
Only patients with the worst symptoms are being admitted to hospital, and 22-year-old Ryan is 
among many whom 111 call handlers have told to stay at home and self-isolate unless they have 
severe difficulties breathing. 
“I’m very relieved I recovered,” says Ryan, a third-year engineering student at Imperial College 
London, telling of coughing red phlegm, exhaustion, night sweats and nausea. “I couldn’t get out 
of bed when the fever was at its worst. I lost my appetite and could barely drink water.” 
He says he is usually healthy and that the ordeal has been a big shock. Now he just wants to 
return to his home country, Malaysia. 
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/apr/01/covid-19-recoveries-it-was-the-most-terrifying-experience-of-my-life 
 
51. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Read the extract from the text 
“Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered.” (paragraph 7) 
Mark the option that can replace the expression meanwhile. 
A) Before that 
B) After that 
C) At the same time 
D) Estrategically 
E) Some time after 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Before that” significa antes disso, enquanto “meanwhile” 
significa enquanto isso. A substituição não é adequada. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “After that” significa depois disso, enquanto “meanwhile” 
significa enquanto isso. A substituição não é adequada. 
A alternativa C está correta. “At the same time” significa ao mesmo tempo/enquanto isso. A 
alternativatem a mesma significação de “meanwhile” no enunciado. A substituição seria 
perfeita. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “Estrategically” significa estrategicamente e não possui nenhuma 
relação de significação com a palavra “meanwhile” destacada no enunciado. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Some time after” significa algum tempo depois, o que não é a 
ideia passada pela palavra “meanwhile” destacada no texto, que significa enquanto isso. A 
substituição nã seria adequada. 
GABARITO: C 
 
52. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the sentence that does not represent a UK 
fact about covid-19 crisis. 
 
A) Meanwhile, 174,019 people globally are known to have recovered. 
B) More than 29,000 people across the UK are confirmed to have contracted Covid-19. 
C) The number of people recovered in the UK remains unclear. 
D) Only patients with the worst symptoms are being admitted to hospital. 
E) It is thought that thousands more have covid-19. 
Comentários: 
 
 
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A alternativa A está correta. Esse trecho não trata de um dado sobre o coronavírus no Reino 
Unido, mas sim dado global, já que diz que 174 mil pessoas se recuperaram da doença. 
 A alternativa B está incorreta. Essa alternativa fala de um dado sobre o coronavírus no Reino 
Unido. “Across the UK” é a expressão que deixa isso claro. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Essa alternativa fala de um dado sobre o coronavírus no Reino 
Unido. O texto , ao falar que o número de pessoas recuperadas da doença é desconhecido, se 
refere ao número de pessoas recuperadas no Reino Unido. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Essa alternativa trata da política dos hospitais do Reino Unido 
para aceitar pacientes infectados com o coronavírus, de acordo com o texto. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O trecho exposto na alternativa expressa uma preocupação 
existente no Reino Unido de que é possível que milhares mais pessoas tenham contraído 
coronavírus, já que é uma continuação do trecho que diz que 29 mil pessoas já têm a 
confirmação de terem contraído o vírus. 
GABARITO: A 
 
53. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita)Mark the correct option. 
Jack likes to eat meat at least four times a week. 
A) Jack has no problem with not eating meat three times a week. 
B) Jack eats chicken the other three days of the week. 
C) Jack has to eat meat four times a week, at least. 
D) Jack eats vegetarian food at least three times a week. 
E) Jack doesn’t like pork. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. A sentença diz que Jack gosta de comer carne pelo menos quatro 
vezes por semana. Pode-se inferir, então, que Jack não vê problemas em não comer carne três 
vezes por semana. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A sentença não fala nada sobre frango. Portanto, não se pode 
inferir quantas vezes por semana Jack come frango. Outro detalhe importante é que, diferente 
do português, no inglês, a palavra “meat” ou carne não é necessariamente relacionado a carne 
bovina, costume que possuímos em Língua Portuguesa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A sentença diz que ele GOSTA de comer carne pelo menos quatro 
vezes por semana, não que ele TEM QUE comer carne pelo menos quatro vezes por semana. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Não se pode afirmar que Jack come comida vegetariana pelo 
menos três vezes por semana, já que a sentença não estipula que Jack come carne, 
necessariamente, quatro vezes por semana. Ele pode comer carne 5 vezes em uma determinada 
semana e comer comida vegetariana apenas duas vezes naquela semana. Esse é só um dos 
inúmeros possíveis exemplos de como essa alternativa poderia estar errada. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A sentença não fala em carne de porco, especificamente. E vale 
lembrar que, em inglês, não se associa a palavra “meat” somente a carne bovina, mas a 
qualquer carne. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Text 
 
 
 
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Origin story: what do we know now about where coronavirus came from? 
 
 When Chinese scientists alerted colleagues to a new virus last December, suspicion fell on 
a Wuhan market. What have health officials learned since then? A cluster of cases of pneumonia 
of unknown origin had been reported in China in the middle of winter. On the evening of 30 
December, the Wuhan municipal health commission had issued an “urgent notice” online, 
warning all medical facilities to be on the alert and put into effect their emergency plans. It 
pointed the finger of suspicion for the outbreak at the Huanan seafood market. 
 Within days they knew it wasn’t Sars, it wasn’t Mers, it wasn’t flu, Legionella or a host of 
other pathogens. It was new. Van Kerkhove, who painstakingly explains developments in the 
pandemic twice a week at WHO’s briefings on Zoom, is a respiratory expert who had worked a lot 
on coronaviruses including Mers. “I immediately thought this could be a new coronavirus, 
because there are literally hundreds to thousands of coronaviruses that are circulating in 
animals,” she said. That’s why coronaviruses already featured in the WHO’s blueprint for needed 
epidemic research and development. The danger had been out there and recognised since Sars in 
2003. 
 Patient zero may never be found. Covid-19, as we now call it, looked like acute pneumonia 
when it killed frail and elderly people. And it is possible the first people to catch it had no 
symptoms. The first clue was the market, but what looked like a slam dunk at first is now 
uncertain. Of a sample of 41 early confirmed cases, 70% were stall owners, employees or regular 
customers of the Huanan market, which sold seafood but also live animals, often illegally captured 
in the wild and slaughtered in front of the customer. But the first confirmed case had no apparent 
connection. 
 The market was closed by the Chinese authorities on 1 January and comprehensively 
cleaned and disinfected, which was helpful to hygiene but destroyed clues. Nonetheless, swab 
tests showed traces of the virus in areas where wild animals had been held. China realised 
the threat posed by the virus… Yet it is not certain that the virus came out of the market. It is 
possible that an infected human took it in, although nobody gives much credence to the latest 
assertions from the Chinese state media that it could have been someone outside the country’s 
borders. 
 The Chinese government was taking the outbreak seriously – and the cost to the country 
in every sense of such a comprehensive shutdown including closing borders. But at that stage 
China was doing what it needed to do – and what so many countries failed to do. It was stamping 
out the virus, not looking for the source. 
 In March the virologists Eddie Holmes and Andrew Rambaut and others published a review 
of what can be deduced from the genetic data in the journal Nature. Specifically, the spike protein 
for which the new coronavirus has become famous has a “receptor binding domain” that will stick 
to a certain receptor – called ACE2 – on a human cell. 
 Excitable China-blaming theories took off on rightwing news websites and social media in 
April, alleging the virus had been made in the Wuhan Institute of Virology lab. They were 
dismissed. 
 However it began, the advantage China and other Asian countries had was that they 
realised the threat. China’s concern, having experienced Sars, was serious virus; the west’s was 
serious disease. And that is why they have not ended their epidemics. If the west has 1,000 cases, 
 
 
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it will put the 100 that are severe in hospital. The other 900 – nobody has any idea where they 
are, you can’t win that way. “The huge difference was just thatextraordinary effort ensuring that 
they effectively isolated all moderate or mild cases.” 
 ___(54)___ where it came from, the only way to tackle a novel virus is to take it incredibly 
seriously. China saw it as a serious virus from day one. 
Adapted from: The Guardian. Origin story: what do we know now about where coronavirus came from? Disponível em: < 
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/12/where-did-coronavirus-come-from-covid >. Acesso em: 12/12/2020. 
 
54. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
a) spite 
b) in despite of 
c) altogether 
d) regardless of 
e) moreover 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não usamos “spite” assim, sozinho. A expressão correta é “in 
spite of”, significando apesar de. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “In despite of” também está errado. O correto é apenas 
“despite”, também significando apesar de. Assim, guarde: in spite of ou despite. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. “Altogether” significa ao todo, completamente, de modo geral, 
não fazendo sentido no contexto. “___ (12) ___ de onde veio, a única maneira de combater 
um vírus novo é levá-lo muito a sério. A China o viu como um vírus sério desde o primeiro 
dia.” 
A alternativa D está correta. “Regardless of” significa independentemente de, apesar de. 
“Independentemente de onde veio, a única maneira de lidar com um vírus novo é levá-lo 
muito a sério. A China o viu como um vírus sério desde o primeiro dia.” 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Moreover” significa além disso, não fazendo sentido no 
contexto. “___ (54) ___ de onde veio, a única maneira de combater um vírus novo é levá-lo 
muito a sério. A China o viu como um vírus sério desde o primeiro dia.” 
GABARITO: D 
 
If People Are Staying Home, Why Is Coronavirus Still Spreading? 
Two months in to near-nationwide stay-at-home orders, Americans are ready to get back 
to their pre-pandemic lives. Those who are non-essential workers (and followed the rules) have 
been at home all day, every day, save for trips to the grocery store or for socially distant walks. 
And yet, the number of new cases of COVID-19 in the U.S. continues to go up each day, by about 
2 to 4 percent. 
While the number of new cases is decreasing in hard-hit areas like New York, Michigan 
and New Jersey, or small states like Hawaii, which is down to around just 1 new case a day, the 
numbers are spiking upwards in nearly half of the country, from Illinois to Texas to New 
Hampshire to Alabama. 
There isn’t one single reason for the increases, but several, based on the way the U.S. 
shut down (or didn’t), the current push to reopen and the nature of the virus itself. 
Essential Workers 
 
 
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While many Americans are able to stay home, essential workers are still heading in each 
day, to hospitals, nursing homes, supermarkets and factories — all places where they can come 
in contact with people with COVID-19. 
Nursing homes, in particular, are dealing with large outbreaks of the virus. At least 10,000 
deaths in the U.S. have been linked to nursing homes, where the older residents are highly 
susceptible to COVID-19, and workers are often surrounded by sick patients. One nursing home 
in New Jersey was so overwhelmed by the number of patient deaths that police found 17 bodies 
stacked in the facility’s morgue. 
In the Midwest, several meat processing factories are dealing with large outbreaks 
among their workers that only began in the last few weeks. At a Tyson Foods meat factory in 
Perry, Iowa, 58 percent of the workers have tested positive for COVID-19, NBC News reported. 
Tyson, and several Smithfield meat factories, have had to temporarily close or slow down 
production as workers have gotten sick, leading to meat shortages nationwide. 
Additionally, many of these essential workers are making minimum wage and can’t afford 
to stay home and quarantine, even if they get COVID-19. 
“They are afraid of losing their jobs,” J. Luis Nunez Gallegos, an assistant medical director 
at a health center in Washington, D.C., told The Washington Post. “They are anxious their 
employers won’t respect the quarantine, or that two weeks seems too long, and they don’t 
always have the savings to get by.” 
And as these essential workers continue to go to work, they also risk bringing COVID-19 
home to their families and spreading the virus further. 
The Push to Reopen 
Now, with the economy struggling, many governors are starting to slowly lift stay-at-
home orders in their states and allow non-essential businesses, such as hair salons, retail stores 
and gyms, to reopen. This is happening ___55___ warnings from health experts like Dr. Anthony 
Fauci who warn that reopening too soon could cause another spike in cases, and polls showing 
that most Americans are against easing restrictions. 
Several states that have begun to reopen are now seeing an increase in COVID-19 cases, 
The New York Times reported. Indiana, Kansas and Nebraska all eased restrictions on Monday 
despite spiking numbers, along with Iowa, Minnesota, Tennessee and Texas. 
And while the White House was able to announce in mid-April that the projected number 
of deaths had decreased from 100,000 to 60,000 by the end of August, those estimates have 
now gone back up, and deaths are estimated to hit 100,000 by June. As of Wednesday morning, 
more than 71,000 people have died. 
The Virus Persists 
Another issue is the messaging — when social distancing was first emphasized in mid-
March as a way to “flatten the curve” and limit the spread of COVID-19, it wasn’t a way to 
eliminate the virus completely, as people may have believed. 
What social distancing actually does is slow down virus transmission to a level that is 
manageable for hospital workers and enables them to have enough hospital beds, masks and 
equipment to properly treat COVID-19 patients. 
While the virus will eventually slow down in areas that are adhering to social distancing 
and other safety precautions, “there will be some places where it’s still circulating, so it never 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
really leaves,” Dr. Robert Norton, a professor of public health at Auburn University and member 
of several coronavirus task forces, previously told PEOPLE. 
Unfortunately, the virus will likely continue to persist until a vaccine is ready, in about 12 
to 18 months at the earliest. 
(Adapted from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/if-people-are-staying-home-why-is-coronavirus-still-spreading/ar-
BB13HSW8?ocid=bingcovid) Acesso em: 07/05/2020. 
 
55. (Estratégia Militares 2020 - Inédita) 
A) instead of 
B) despite 
C) according to 
D) in compliance with 
E) hence 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “Instead of” significa ao invés de, e não se encaixa no contexto da 
lacuna. 
A alternativa B está correta. O uso de “despite” é perfeito, pois dá a ideia de apesar de, que se 
encaixa perfeitamente no contexto apresentado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Os especialistas afirmam que reabrir muito cedo pode causas 
novos picos de novos casos. A partir dessa informação, não faz sentido preencher a lacuna com 
“de acordo com”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “In compliance with” significa em conformidade com, e não 
preenche corretamente a lacuna. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “Hence” quer dizer consequentemente e não se encaixa no 
contexto apresentado pelo texto. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Read Text I to do question 56 based on it 
Text I 
February’s Gonna Be a Big Month for Mars 
On the 9th, the first of three spacecraft will arrive at the Red Planet and inaugurate a new era 
of Martian exploration. 
 
 
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__ FEBRUARY 9, the United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft is expected to enter orbit 
around Mars after a six-month, 300-million-mile journey from Earth. It will mark the beginning of 
a historic month for the Red Planet, which will see three separate national missions enter orbit or 
touch down on the surface. Two of the countries behind these missions, the UAE and China, will 
be visiting Mars for the first time; they will become the fifth and sixth countries to pull off that 
feat, respectively. The third mission, launched __ NASA, is expected to become the United States’ 
15th mission to successfully orbit or land on Mars. 
The UAE is the only country that will not attempt a soft landing during the February Mars 
invasion. Instead, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian atmosphere from more than 12,000 
miles above the surface. Planetary scientists hope that the UAE’s robo-meteorologist will fill in 
gaps in our understanding of the Martian climate and help validate environmental data captured 
by rovers and landers on the ground. For the country’s first foray into deep-space exploration, the 
UAE space agency worked with an international team of researchers at the University of Colorado, 
Boulder, to help plan the mission and build the spacecraft. 
“There’s really no point in exploring outer space without adding to knowledge, and we’ve 
never run a science mission,” Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE minister of state for advanced 
sciences and science lead for the Emirates Mars Mission, said during a press conference last week. 
“It wasn’t an easy journey, but it was such an enjoyment to rethink how you develop a planetary 
exploration mission.” 
The Hope spacecraft will be the first new orbiter around Mars since the European Space 
Agency’s ExoMars spacecraft arrived in 2016, but it won’t be the newcomer for long. 
China’s Tianwen-1 mission—which is a lander, rover, and orbiter rolled up into one—is expected 
to arrive less than a day later. China’s space agency has been quiet about its plans for visiting the 
Red Planet, but the craft is expected to attempt a landing shortly after it achieves orbit. 
Unlike NASA’s car-sized Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity, China’s Tianwen-1 rover 
is small enough to stow away inside the stationary lander that will carry it to the surface. Once it 
has safely touched down, the six-wheeled rover will detach itself from the lander and spend the 
next three months exploring its landing site, Utopia Planitia, the planet’s largest impact crater. 
The rover and lander will both relay data ____ the surface to the Tianwen-1 orbiter, which will 
send it back to Earth. Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot 
of details about the exact scientific goals of its mission, a paper about it published last year 
in Nature Astronomy says the agency’s goal is to “perform a global and extensive survey of the 
entire planet.” 
 
 
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On February 18, a little more than a week after this robotic delegation arrives, NASA’s 
Perseverance rover is expected to touch down. This will involve a harrowing descent to the 
surface, during which the rover must reduce its speed from more than 10,000 miles an hour to 
just a few feet per second over the course of 15 minutes. The descent will end with some aerial 
acrobatics, during which a rocket-powered sky crane will gently deposit the rover on the surface 
while hovering a few dozen feet above the ground. 
“Don’t let anybody tell you different—landing __ Mars is hard to do,” John McNamee, 
project manager for the Perseverance mission at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a 
statement. “But the women and men on this team are the best in the world at what they do. 
When our spacecraft hits the top of the Mars atmosphere at about three and a half miles per 
second, we’ll be ready.” 
Perseverance is essentially a nuclear-powered self-driving car, and its primary mission is 
to collect samples that will be picked up by another spacecraft later this decade and returned to 
Earth. With any luck, this red dust will contain evidence that Mars once hosted microbial life. 
But whether scientists will recognize extraterrestrial life when they see it remains an open 
question. Aside from hunting for aliens, Perseverance will also enable a first-of-its-kind 
technology demonstration involving a small helicopter called Ingenuity. A few days after landing, 
Perseverance will jettison the helicopter in a clearing where it will attempt several short flights. If 
it works, it will be the first time an aircraft has flown on another planet. 
The arrival of three national missions on Mars within two weeks of one another is a 
historic moment in the history of space exploration. It underscores the rapid development of 
space capabilities around the world and the true internationalization of planetary exploration. 
Mars was once the exclusive stomping grounds of the United States and the Soviet Union, but it 
is now also an accessible destination for the European Union, Japan, India, the UAE, and China. 
Getting to Mars is still a major challenge—historically only 40 percent of Mars missions have been 
successful—and there’s no guarantee that all three missions will succeed in their objectives. But 
launching a trio of spacecraft to our closest planetary neighbor is a major achievement and bodes 
well for the future of space exploration. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/februarys-gonna-be-a-big-month-for-mars/) 
 
56. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) “Although the Chinese National Space 
Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details about[…]”. The highlighted word is closest 
in meaning to 
 
a) However 
b) Despite 
c) Since 
d) Even though 
e) Besides 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. However = porém. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Despite = A pesar de. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Since = Visto que. 
 
 
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A alternativa D está correta. Although = Even though = Embora. “Although the Chinese 
National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details about[…]” (Embora a 
Administração Espacial Nacional da China não tenha fornecido muitos detalhes sobre [...]). 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Besides = Além de. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read Text II to do question 57 based on it 
 
Text II 
 
IN LOS ANGELES, the corner of Melrose and Harper has become a tourist destination to rival the 
Eiffel Tower, or the graffitied remains of the Berlin Wall. Rather than an architectural marvel or a 
piece of living history, people line up (or did, in pre-Covid times) to visit the bright pink exterior 
wall of Paul Smith, a clothing retailer. The wall—repainted every three months in the Pantone 
shade “Pink Ladies”—is the background to hundreds of thousands of photos, making it one of the 
most Instagrammed places in Los Angeles, and even the world. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/fake-famous-review-instagram-influencers-documentary/) 
 
 
57. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) Mark the option that correctly substitutes the 
expression rather than (line 02). 
 
a) Instead of. 
c) Despite of. 
b) As well as. 
d) In addition to. 
e) At last. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. rather than = instead of = ao invés de. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Despite of = apesar de. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. As well as = assim como, também. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. In addition to = além de. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. At last = afinal. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read Text IV to do question 58 based on it 
 
Text IV 
When will offices be full again? 
Maybe never, some executives say. 
By Lauren Hirsch 
Many companies do notexpect their workers to return to offices until next summer, and 
even then things may never be the same as before, judging by the comments executives made 
this week, highlighted in today’s DealBook newsletter. 
 
 
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AULA 05 – Conjunctions / Connectors / Direct Speech / Indirect Speech 
 
On earnings calls, executives from Goldman Sachs said that about a third of workers in 
New York and London were coming in regularly; at JPMorgan Chase, it’s around 20 percent in 
both cities; and Citigroup said “a small percentage” of employees in North America had returned. 
“Being together enables greater collaboration, which is key to our culture,” said David M. 
Solomon, Goldman’s chief. But Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan acknowledged that some working 
habits may have changed permanently, which “will ultimately reduce the space you need for your 
employees.” Terrance R. Dolan, the finance chief at U.S. Bancorp, told analysts that the bank will 
most likely “consolidate” its corporate real estate to reflect “the new horizon.” 
Is that a problem? Steven J. Goulart, the chief investment officer at MetLife, said at a 
regulatory round table that the “pressure to de-densify” offices to support social distancing could 
support demand for real estate even if buildings aren’t as full as before. 
And as executives conduct more business remotely, going back to in-person meetings and 
pitches seems less urgent. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, the chairman of Indian conglomerate Tata 
Sons, said in an interview with The New York Times that he used to fly from India to the United 
States to pitch a $50,000 project. But recently, he said, his firm’s consultancy business closed $2 
billion worth of deals in “five or six Zoom calls.” 
There are other perks from working at home. BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink is excited 
about what employees could do with the time they save on daily commutes. “They could spend 
two hours improving their health by exercising,” he said on a conference call. “They could spend 
two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” 
Paul Draovitch of Duke Energy said at an investor event that working from home was “not 
without risks,” but also brought certain benefits: “When my Pomeranians walk into the room, it's 
really a pleasure.” 
Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/business/when-will-offices-be-full-again-maybe-never-some-executives-
say.html 
58. (2021 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) The correct form of the sentence ““They could 
spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” in the 
indirect speech is: 
a) It said that they could have spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more 
resilient family. 
b) It said that they could spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
c) It said that they will spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family. 
d) It said that they spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family. 
e) It said that they have spended two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está correta. O discurso indireto do modal could é: could + have + verbo no 
particípio portanto a única opção que atende esse requesito é a altenativa A. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Could + spent está errado, após verbol modais o verbo deve estar 
na forma infinitivo sem to. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Will não é a forma de discurso indireto de could. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O discurso indireto do modal could é could + have + verbo no 
particípio portanto essa alternativa não atende aos requisitos necessários. 
 
 
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A alternativa E está incorreta. O discurso indireto do modal could é could + have + verbo no 
particípio portanto essa alternativa não atende aos requisitos necessários. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Huawei to be stripped of role in UK's 5G network by 2027, Dowden confirms 
U-turn puts Boris Johnson on collision course with Tory rebels on timing of ban 
Huawei is to be stripped out of Britain’s 5G phone networks by 2027, a date that puts Boris 
Johnson on collision course with a group of Conservative rebels who want the Chinese company 
eliminated quicker and more comprehensively. 
Oliver Dowden, the UK culture secretary, also announced that no new Huawei 5G kit can be 
bought after 31 December this year – but disappointed the rebels by saying that older 2G, 3G 
and 4G kit can remain until it is no longer needed. 
___59___, the minister declared that the UK will be on an “irreversible path” to eliminating 
“high-risk vendors” such as Huawei in 5G by the time of the next general election in 2024, in 
attempt to placate some MPs. 
But rebel leader Iain Duncan Smith, said there were contradictions in Dowden’s statement. “So 
if there are risks in 5G why are they not a risk to us generally,” the former party leader said, and 
called on the minister “to ban Huawei altogether”. 
In reply, the culture secretary said that “the reality of the 5G network is that it is fundamentally 
different” and added that “in turn 5G will be replaced by 6G and in all of that Huawei will be 
absent”. 
The minister also told MPs that the changes he was announcing would mean “a cumulative 
delay to 5G roll out of two to three years and costs of up to £2bn” – costs that could in theory 
be passed on in bills to consumers. 
The decision represents an enforced U-turn on a previous decision to allow Huawei to supply 
35% of the UK’s 5G equipment, and a compromise with BT and Vodafone, who warned there 
could be phone “outages” if they were forced to act sooner. 
It follows the announcement in May of further US sanctions against Huawei, preventing it from 
using microchips from American suppliers. 
Downing Street then asked the National Cyber Security Centre, part of the spy agency GCHQ, to 
review Huawei’s security and said its equipment could not be considered safe if it had to rely on 
non-US components. 
“The sanctions were a gamechanger,” a Whitehall official said. 
Despite the retreat, the Conservative rebels believe Huawei still represents an immediate 
national security risk and want the UK to follow the US and Australia, which have implemented 
more complete bans. 
The rebel MPs say they number about 60, theoretically enough to defeat the government, if the 
opposition parties join forces with them. They want Huawei removed from existing 3G and 4G 
networks as well as 5G by 2026 at the latest. 
A rebel source said: “The fight is back on. The telecoms infrastructure bill will face amendments 
to ban 3G and 4G on the same basis as 5G and to bring forward the end date for equipment. We 
are confident that they will be successful.” 
 
 
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If Johnson does not go further, their plan is amend the telecoms security bill intended to 
legislate for the two-part ban on Huawei. That was due to emerge before the summer recess 
but has been pushed back until the autumn. 
Huawei UK urged the government to reconsider, and said the UK would be economically 
damaged if it pressed ahead. 
Ed Brewster, a spokesperson for the company, said: “This disappointing decision is bad news for 
anyone in the UK with a mobile phone. It threatens to move Britain into the digital slow lane, 
push up bills and deepen the digital divide.” 
The prime minister has become embroiled in an intense geopolitical row over Huawei, in which 
the US president, Donald Trump, has demanded the Chinese company be kicked out of the UK, 
claiming it poses a long-term security risk. 
Huawei denies it has ever been asked to engage in any spying on behalfof the Chinese state, 
while Beijing itself says Johnson’s decision will be an acid test of the Sino-British relationship 
that had developed under David Cameron. 
Officials also want Huawei to be removed from high-speed, full-fibre connections following a 
two-year transition period, working with companies to find a way of eliminating the Chinese 
company’s equipment. 
No compensation is expected to be paid to BT or Vodafone or Huawei. BT’s chief executive had 
said on Monday it would be possible to remove Huawei from 5G in five years – but warned that 
it would be impossible to remove older equipment entirely within 10 years. 
A few minutes before the announcement was made on Tuesday, Huawei said former BP boss 
Lord Browne would be stepping down as chairman of its board of directors from September. 
Browne, who had held the post for five years, did not say he was quitting but the company 
thanked him for “his valuable contribution”. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/14/huawei-to-be-stripped-of-role-in-uk-5g-network-by-2027-dowden-
confirms). 
 
59. (2020 – Estratégia Militares – Inédita) 
A) even 
B) nevertheless 
C) although 
D) moreover 
E) notwithstanding 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Não podemos usar “even” nessa situação, já essa palavra daria a 
ideia de ênfase, mas não é essa a ideia que o texto quer passar, e sim uma ideia de adição. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Não podemos usar “nevertheless” nessa situação, já essa palavra 
daria a ideia de concessão, mas não é essa a ideia que o texto quer passar, e sim uma ideia de 
adição. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Não podemos usar “although” nessa situação, já essa palavra 
daria a ideia de contraste, mas não é essa a ideia que o texto quer passar, e sim uma ideia de 
adição. 
A alternativa D está correta. “Moreover” se encaixa perfeitamente na lacuna, já que dá a ideia 
de adição proposta pelo texto. Além disso, o mininstro declarou que o Reino Unido... 
 
 
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A alternativa E está incorreta. Não podemos usar “notwithstanding” nessa situação, já essa 
palavra daria a ideia de concessão, mas não é essa a ideia que o texto quer passar, e sim uma 
ideia de adição. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Brexit was meant to make Britain global. It has made us friendless 
It is not a secret that Britain is leaving the EU. The coronavirus crisis has dominated 2020 but not 
obliterated memory of the years before. Still, to be on the safe side, the government is spending 
£93m on a Brexit refresher campaign with the slogan “check, change, go”. 
This is aimed at people who have dealings with Europe and might be under the illusion that it 
will be as easy in the future as it has been in the past. No one has done more to cultivate that 
misapprehension than Boris Johnson. The government’s new message on Brexit is to disregard 
what the prime minister used to say on the subject. 
The essential issue here is that Brexit can make EU membership go away, but not the EU itself. 
When the only problem was being inside, escape was the only solution worth talking about. 
Hardline Eurosceptics were no more bothered by the issue of how an ex-member state might 
manage relations with Brussels than arsonists are interested in what to do with ashes. 
As a result of that complacency, the UK does not have a policy towards the EU, only an impulse 
away from it and that is of fading relevance. No one followed us out. The fire didn’t catch. 
It is important to distinguish strategic European policy from the detail of borders, tariffs and 
regulations. The UK has a detailed agenda for that stuff and negotiations are ongoing. If those 
talks fail, there is always the World Trade Organization (as Brexit ultras never tire of pointing 
out). But even if it were economically sensible to fall back on WTO rules (and it isn’t), the 
question of Britain’s geopolitical alignment would still remain unanswered. 
The rubric for the current talks is “the future relationship”, but the UK has narrowed the 
discussion to exclude everything apart from trade. Johnson took foreign policy, security and 
defence cooperation – the stuff of which international alliances are made – off the table. 
European leaders were baffled by that choice, which seemed to defer discussion of something 
no less urgent than fish quotas and customs declarations, and more important in the long term. 
The UK position is consistent with the Eurosceptic doctrine of pristine sovereignty. In that view, 
EU institutions eat national power. Every programme, even something as ostensibly benign as 
the Erasmus scheme for student exchanges, is a trap. The whole point of new “global” Britain, as 
an upgrade from the old European version, is that it is freer to deal with other global players 
peer-to-peer. 
The limitations of that approach are quickly becoming clear. In January, the government 
announced that it would allow Huawei, the Chinese telecoms company, a limited role in 
developing British 5G infrastructure. Yesterday, the limit became an exclusion, starting next 
year. 
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain, with good reason, that 
Huawei has the potential to be a conduit for Beijing security interests and want its kit stripped 
out of the network even sooner. The more decisive factor is US sanctions against the company 
and the demand from Washington that Britain be more demonstrative in its transatlantic 
loyalty. The unambiguous message from the White House is that trade and security policy are 
intertwined. A country that wants a deal to access US markets can expect to have its foreign 
 
 
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investment relations vetted for intimacy with undesirable states. Beijing has warned of trade 
retaliation against countries deemed hostile to Huawei. 
Any prime minister would prioritise the security alliance with the US over a commercial deal 
with China. But Johnson happens to be the first prime minister to be confronted with the choice 
in stark, binary terms, because his trade policy is a blank sheet of paper and Donald Trump is 
holding the pen. 
As an EU member, Britain’s trade deals were brokered by the European commission, which 
mobilised the scale of the single market – 28 countries; 450 million consumers – as leverage in 
negotiations. That is what concessions in national sovereignty buy, and every government that 
has felt the benefits considers it a price worth paying. The UK was no exception. David Cameron 
was a casual Tory Eurosceptic, happy to play-fight against Brussels banditry, but when the 
choice became real he campaigned to remain. Would Johnson have been a leaver if his Downing 
Street ambitions had come to fruition five years earlier and he had spent some time hobnobbing 
with fellow heads of government at EU summits? I doubt it. 
In less volatile times an independent seat at the WTO would have been meagre compensation 
for losing Britain’s influence as one of the big three EU members. As international trade policy 
gets ever deeper submerged in geopolitical manoeuvres, that swap looks like the worst part-
exchange in strategic history, even if you throw in a new royal yacht and call it Britannia. 
Johnson knows it, too. If the prime minister thought the WTO was where the action happens, he 
would nominate a credible, intelligent statesman with a reputation for probity as Britain’s 
candidate to be the next director general. He offered Liam Fox instead. (Fox will not get the job.) 
The UK is sliding into a strategic void because its only foreign policy is a plan that devalues old 
European alliances and shifts the balance of power to other continents when trying to make 
new deals. Johnson cannot address this challenge without exposingthe basic flaw in Brexit, 
which is that the sovereignty he so jealously demands from Brussels buys no clout in 
Washington, Beijing or anywhere else. 
The UK national interest requires a new strategic partnership with the EU, but Johnson refuses 
even to include that concept in the negotiation. The obstacle used to be confidence that Britain 
had no need of Europe. It looks now more like fear of admitting how much of Europe Britain still 
needs. 
Adapted from (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jul/15/brexit-britain-partnership-boris-johnson) 
 
60. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) According to the text, which option is correct? 
A) Britain has excluded the Chinese telecoms company from the Uk, starting this year. 
B) The European leaders liked the idea of British Prime Minister taking defence cooperation 
foreign policy and security off the table. 
C) Tory MP’s and the American government put some pressure on the Prime Minister to 
exclude the Chinese company. 
D) According to White Hall, trade and security policy are intertwined. 
E) Beijing doesn’t intend to retaliate aginst countries deemed hostile to Huawei. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. Segundo o texto, o Reino Unido vetou a participação da empresa 
chinesa a partir do ano que vem, e não desse ano. 
 
 
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A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto afirma que os líderes europeus ficaram confusos, e não 
que eles gostaram do fato de o Reino Unido tirar da mesa sua cooperação em defesa, política 
externa e segurança. 
A alternativa C está correta. O texto diz que os parlamentares conservadores e o governo 
americano colocaram pressão sobre o primeiro ministro britânico para que ele vetasse a 
empresa chinesa do país. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Quem fala que políticas de segurança e de comércio estão 
interligadas é a casa branca, não o White Hall. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O texto afirma que Pequim pretende retaliar comercialmente os 
países que forem hostis com a Huawei. 
GABARITO: C 
 
61. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) Mark the alternative which has the sentence below 
correctly reported. 
The shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
The author 
A) replied: “the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain” 
B) said that the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained. 
C) asked the readers if the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
D) asked readers if the shift followed pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complained. 
E) said the shift follows pressure on Johnson from Tory MPs who complain. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. No “reported speech”, não se usa dois pontos para uma citação, 
mas sim a pessoa que está reportando dá a informação de maneira fluida. Exemplo: “He said 
that he saw me in the restaurant yesterday” (ele disse que me viu no restaurante ontem). 
A alternativa B está correta. A alternativa usa o reported speech de forma correta, pois “volta” 
um tempo verbal em direção ao passado na hora de reportar aquilo que foi dito. A frase original 
estava no present simple, logo a frase foi reportada usando o Past Simple 
(said/followed/complained). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O erro da alternativa consiste no fato de que o autor não 
perguntou nada aos leitores, mas sim disse. Portanto, o reported speech deveria começar com 
“said” ao invés de “asked”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Mais uma vez o erro está em dizer que o autor perguntou algo, 
dessa vez aos passageiros. O autor não perguntou nada, apenas disse. Portanto, o reported 
speech deveria começar com “said” ao invés de “asked”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O erro da alternativa foi não alterar o tempo verbal na hora de 
reportar a informação. No trecho original, verbo usado foi “follows” (simple present) e 
“complain” (simple present), logo, no reported speech deve-se usar “followed” e “complained” 
(past simple). 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
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62. (Estratégia Militares – 2020 – Inédita) “As a result of that complacency, the UK does not 
have a policy towards the EU” (paragraph 4). The highlighted expression can be replaced 
by 
A) in spite of. 
B) furthermore. 
C) due to. 
D) moreover. 
E) despite. 
Comentários: 
A alternativa A está incorreta. “in spite of” significa apesar de, enquanto “as a result of” significa 
como resultado de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. “furthermore” significa além disso, enquanto “as a result of” 
significa como resultado de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões. 
A alternativa C está correta. “as a result of” tem o mesmo sentido de “due to” nesse contexto, 
como resultado de, por conta de. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. “moreover” significa além disso, enquanto “as a result of” 
significa como resultado de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. “despite” significa embora, enquanto “as a result of” significa 
como resultado de. Não há relação de sentido entre as duas expressões. 
GABARITO: C 
 
9.0 VERSÕES DAS AULAS 
 
 
 
Caro aluno! Para garantir que o curso esteja atualizado, sempre que alguma mudança no 
conteúdo for necessária, uma nova versão da aula será disponibilizada. 
 
 
 
10.0 REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA 
https://www.inglesonline.com.br/palavras-cognatas-em-ingles/ 
https://www.todamateria.com.br/falsos-cognatos-no-ingles-false-friends/ 
 
 
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11.0 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 
Caro(a) aluno(a), 
Parabéns por mais uma aula concluída, você está um passo mais próximo da sua aprovação! 
Uma vez concluída esta aula, é importante que você tenha em mente que revisões são 
necessárias em intervalos regulares para garantir a melhor assimilação. Grife as partes que 
você julgar mais relevantes de cada aula. Dessa forma, você facilitará muito seu processo de 
revisão e assimilará a matéria de forma otimizada. 
A dinâmica que você observou nesta aula será utilizada em todas as demais do nosso curso. 
Assim, você terá sempre uma explicação clara, objetiva e direto ao ponto de todos os assuntos 
abordados, além de muitos, muitos exercícios para que você possa praticar e evoluir em sua 
preparação. 
Daremos sempre muitos bizus de prova para facilitar seu caminho até a aprovação! 
 
Eu estou à disposição no nosso Fórum de Dúvidas! Lá, eu ou 
outros membros da nossa equipe responderemos suas dúvidas em 
até 24 horas! Não leve dúvidas para a sua prova! Estamos aqui para 
te dar todo o suporte necessário para que você alcance seu 
objetivo! Estamos juntos nessa caminhada, ok? 
 
Espero que você tenha gostado da aula e, acima de tudo, que esta aula tenha enriquecido seus 
conhecimentos. 
Descanse e se prepare para o nosso próximo encontro! 
 
Forte abraço, 
Leonardo Pontes 
 
 
 
 @prof_leonardo_pontes 
 
 Leonardo Pontes