I am sharing 'Improving Your Memory (DK Essential _230609_110413

I M P R O V I N G YO UR M E M O R Y I M P R O V I N G YO UR M E M O R Y v ESSENTIAL MANAGERS ESSENTIAL MA N A G E R S IMPROVING YOUR MEMOR Y D A VID THOMAS ESSENTIAL M ANAGER S T r ain y our memor y , enhance y our mental abilities, and k eep y our mind agile with these pr actical, easy-to-f ollo w techniques \u2022 Impro v e concentr ation, or ganiz e y our thoughts, and retain and quickl y recall accur ate inf or mation \u2022 Shar pen y our memor y with simple checklists \u2022 Explore and choose diff erent options and put them into action with the aid of helpful flo w char ts and illustr ations Discover mor e at www . d k . com $7.00 USA $8.95 Canada J ack et image Front: Stev e Gor ton (cl). TITLES IN THE SERIES Ac hie ving Excellence \u2022 Balancing W or k & Lif e Coac hing Successfull y \u2022 Comm unicate Clearl y Dealing with P eople \u2022 Ho w to Delegate Dealing with Dif\ufb01cult \u2022 P eople Do It No w! Ef f ectiv e Pub lic Relations \u2022 In\ufb02uencing P eople Inter vie wing Skills \u2022 Lear ning to Lead Making Decisions \u2022 Making Pr esentations Mana g e Y our T ime \u2022 Mana g ing Budg ets Mana g ing Chang e \u2022 Mana g ing Meetings Mana g ing T eams \u2022 Mana g ing Y our Boss Mar k eting Ef f ectiv el y \u2022 Maximizing P erf or mance Motiv ating P eople \u2022 Neg otiating Skills P erf or mance Re vie ws \u2022 P ositiv e Thinking \u2022 Pr oject Mana g ement Putting Customer s F ir st \u2022 Reducing Str ess Selling Successfull y \u2022 Str ateg ic Thinking Thinking Cr eativ el y \u2022 Under standing Accounts Wr iting Skills \u2022 Wr iting Y our Resumé ALSO A V AILABLE Essential Mana g er\u2019 s Man ual Mana g ing f or Excellence Successful Mana g er\u2019 s Handbook L ear n ho w to tr ain y our memor y , enhance y our mental abilities, and k eep y our mind agile and aler t. Impro ving Y our Memor y sho ws y ou ho w to evaluate y our memor y perf or mance and then f ollo w easy steps to dev elop its full potential. It contains str ategies f or thinking constr uctiv el y , maintaining retention and recall, and k eeping y our memor y activ e . Focus points help y ou appl y techniques to pr actical situations in da y-to-da y lif e so y ou can boost y our con\ufb01dence , expand y our creativity , and mak e the most of y our w or k, study , and pla y . D A VID THOMAS is the USA National Memor y Champion. He is one of the onl y tw o Inter national Gr andmaster s of Memor y in the US and he brok e an 18-y ear record in The Guinness Book of Records f or reciting pi to 22,500 digits from memor y . D a vid liv es in the US and is a prof essional b usiness speak er and an inter national media per sonality . ISBN: 978-0-7566-3417-9 www . d k . com I M P R O V I N G Y O U R M E M O R Y I M P R O V I N G Y O U R M E M O R Y ESSENTIAL m anager s ESSENTIAL m anager s TRAINING GO ALS ORGANIZING IMA GINA TION TECHNIQ UES \u2022 LISTS S Y S T E M S \u2022 C A R D S RECALL \u2022 EXAMS \u2022 SPEECHES N AMES NUMBERS LANGU A GES Printed in China US_JKT_Improv_mem_final.indd 1 5/9/07 3:44:13 pm David Thomas ESSENTIAL MANAGERS I m p r o vi n g Y ou r M em or y 2 6 4 U nderstanding M emory C ontents 10 14 Introduction What Is Memory? How Memory W orks Supporting Y our Memory Thinking Constructively 16 18 22 D eveloping Y our M emory P otential Editor Elizabeth W atson Designer Vicky Read Production Editor Ben Mar cus Production Contr oller Anna W ilson US Editors Margaret Parrish and Christine Heilman Executive Managing Editor Adèle Hayward Art Director Peter Luf f Category Publisher Stephanie Jackson Produced for Dorling Kindersley by Designer Dawn T errey Editor Sue Gordon Managing Editor Mic Cady First American Edition, 2003 This American Edition, 2008 Published in the United States by DK Publishing 375 Hudson Street New Y ork, New Y ork 10014 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ED617\u2014January 2008 Copyright © 2003 Dorling Kindersley Limited. All rights reserved. T ext copyright © 2003 David Thomas Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved aboveno part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978-0-7566-3417-9 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 375 Hudson Street, New Y ork, New Y ork 10014 or SpecialSales@dk.com. Reproduced by Colourscan, Singapore Printed and bound in China by King W ing T ong Discover more at www .dk.com LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE & DELHI Assessing Y our Memory Why Improve Y our Memory? 3 T raining Y our M emory A pplying M emory T echniques Devising an Action Plan Making T echniques W ork for Y ou Introducing the Principles Remembering Names Remembering W ords and Letters Remembering Numbers Using Mind Maps Remembering Lists Speaking in Public Improving Memory Day to Day Improving Skills Succeeding in Exams Maintaining Retention and Recall Using Memory Aids Keeping Y our Memory Active Assessing Y our Memory Index Acknowledgments 68 60 62 66 52 48 54 58 70 72 24 26 28 38 42 46 32 36 5 I ntr oduction M ental performance is fast becoming the key not only to personal and pr ofessional success but also to the quality of life. An active, powerful memory is the bedrock of our whole mental performance. Improving Y our Memor y takes you on a journey of self- discovery , showing how your memory works, how to develop its full potential, and how to use it effectively in daily life. The memory-training techniques r eveal the level to which you can take your performance, and the applications give you an insight into how you can use memory skills in all ar eas of life. Self- assessment exer cises enable you to evaluate your performance. Enhancing your memory\u2019 s capabilities will boost your confidence, expand your cr eativity , and impr ove your per formance in day-to-day life, at work, study , and play . 6 Understanding Memory What Is Memory? M emory defines us as individuals. Each of us has unique and irr eplaceable memories fr om a very early age. Memory also enables us to manage our daily lives. Only when memory starts to fail us do we r ealize how central it is to our identity . MEMOR Y AND INDIVIDUALITY Y our memory , to a large extent, makes you who you are. It is not simply a database of information: your memories influence your outlook on life and consequently your response to events. New experiences are shaped by your memory . Y our reaction to an event is based on previous experiences of something the same or similar . Memory is a human faculty that is shrouded in mystery . Understanding how it works will both inspire you and enhance your ability to use it to its full potential. U nd erstandin g M em o r y \ue602 Anticipating the future When you look forwar d to something with pleasur e\u2014for example, a vacation at the beach\u2014you may do so because you have happy memories of similar occasions in the past. \u25cf Mak e good use of y our memor y to get mor e out of life. Our basic quality of life is r ooted in memory . FOCUS POINTS REMEMBERING AS A CHILD Exactly when memory starts is a matter of conjecture, but babies are known to r ecognize voices they heard while they wer e in the womb, and are said to recognize pieces of music that were played repeatedly befor e they were born. In their first months, babies begin to recognize the people most often with them, and their surroundings. Fr om the age of one, they develop language skills: while much of this learning is by repetition, toddlers quickly learn to devise their own words or to change existing ones. For example, he or she may say \u201cbreaked\u201d instead of \u201cbroken,\u201d applying a rule memorized subconsciously . WHY MEMORIES DIFFER One person\u2019 s recollection of an event is likely to differ widely fr om another person\u2019 s memory of the same event. This is because, unlike a photographic image, a memory is not imprinted precisely on the mind. A memory is made up of pieces of information taken in and processed by the brain in a way that is unique to each individual. Y our recollection of an event will always be in the context supplied by the other memories and information that are already stored in your brain. What Is Memory? 7 \u201c A great and beautiful invention is memory , always useful both for learning and for life. \u201d Dialexeis , 400 BC \ue603 Learning language skills Memory plays a crucial role in language development. Infants learn by imitation and practice, storing wor ds in their memory long befor e they begin to use them in speech. In second year , starts to learn words by r epetition Newborn recognizes voices hear d in the womb In the first year , begins to understand familiar wor ds From thir d year , begins to form own words \u25cf Realize your memory\u2019 s true potential by training it to perform quickly and efficiently . \u25cf Mak e positive memories for babies by ensuring their envir onment is rich and stimulating. FOCUS POINTS First y ear Newborn Second y ear Third y ear WHY MEMOR Y F AILS Memory can fail temporarily because of stress or tiredness, both of which af fect concentration. Amnesia\u2014partial or complete failure on a long- term basis\u2014may be caused by psychological trauma or by damage to the brain resulting from a blow to the head or conditions such as a tumor , stroke, or swelling of the brain. Amnesia may manifest itself as a difficulty r emembering ongoing events, events prior to an incident, or events from childhood. Usually the memory slowly or suddenly comes back, although the memory of the trauma may remain incomplete. 8 Understanding Memory MEMOR Y AND AGING Memory performance does not deteriorate with age. The blood flow to and oxygen consumption in the brain\u2014two factors that determine its performance\u2014are exactly the same in a healthy 70-year -old and a healthy 20-year-old. Their memories perform equally well. The only area in which overall performance differs is speed of learning. When the older person is given a piece of new information to learn, he or she takes longer than the younger person to absorb it. Reads new information Learns more quickly than 70-year -old Remembers as well as the 20-year -old \u25cf Sta y mentally activ e , and ev en in old age y ou will be capable of performing astonishing mental feats. FOCUS POINT 20-y ear -old 70-year -old \ue602 Learning at any a ge While speed of learning may decline with age, r etention and r ecall of information r emain as good as ever . As they get older , many people put the worsening performance of their memory down to losing brain cells. Howe v er , while we do lose brain cells as we age, it is not at the rate that most people believ e. In fact, a 70-year -old person still has about 97 percent of the n umber of brain cells that he or she had at the age of 25. Fact File Reads new information

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