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Questão 1
Ao analysis af the grammatical and vocabulary aspects af the words soar, might and could allows us
to state that:
I. "Soar" is an irregular verb in the past tense and is a synonym for "plummet".
II. The past tense of "think" is "thought".
III. "Might" and "could" are regular verbs in the future.
IV. "Might" and "could" are irregular verbs in the past tense.
Mark the CORRECT answer:
(A) Only I is correct. 
(B) II and III are correct. 
(C) II and IV are correct 
(D) Only III is correct.
(E) I and III are correct.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
(I) é incorreta porque "soar" ("levantar voo") não é um bom sinônimo para "plummet" (mergulhar).
(II) é correta porque "thought" é a forma correta do passado de "think".
(III) é incorreta porque os modais "might" e "could" não apresentam formas regulares no futuro.
(IV) é correta porque "might" e "could" são formas irregulares para o passado de "may" e "can".
Questão 2
According to the comics: 
MARQUES, Amadeus. Password. Ed. Ática. São Paulo, 2002. p. 128.
A) The boy loves the girl.
B) The girl hates the boy.
C) The girl knows about the boy’s income.
D) Both the boy and the father are interested in each other’s incomes.
E) The boy knows about the income of the girl’s father.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
Nos dois últimos quadrinhos, a filha revela ao pai que as preocupações deste quanto ao salário
("income") de Robert, seu namorado, coincidem com as do rapaz sobre os salário de seu pai.
Questão 3
According to the cartoon: 
www.glasbergen.com/images/wed.gift
A) The man’s friend should use the key to open the bathroom door.
B) The success of the key is to lock the bathroom door.
C) Both men are trying to find the key to success.
D) The key to success is to relax at the bathroom door.
E) The man has the best ideas to success when he is in the bathroom.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
A graça do quadrinho é a ambiguidade da expressão idiomática "key to the sucess" ("chave para o
sucesso"), que o personagem diz ser a chave da porta do banheiro, neste caso, um sintagma nominal
não idiomático. O personagem diz ter seus melhores pensamentos (de sucesso, inferimos) no lugar
trancado por esta chave, ou seja, o banheiro.
Questão 4
According to the cartoon: 
www.glasbergen.com/images/sat.gift
 
A) The man is talking to an answering machine.
B) The man is feeling very comfortable.
C) The man has just solved the problem he had.
D) Solving problems through an answering machine is very fast.
E) It’s easy and funny when we depende on an answering machine to solve problems.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Sabemos reconhecer esta opção pelo acesso ao conhecimento de mundo que temos de como
funcionam, em nossa sociedade, serviços baseados em secretárias eletrônicas. Via de regra, a
interação entre homem e máquina, nessas circunstâncias, se dá pela seleção de opções de serviços
que são acionadas pelas teclas do telefone. O efeito humorístico se dá pelo exagero de opções
oferecidas ao cliente, dificultando a própria escolha, chegando ao cúmulo de ter uma opção para o
caso do esquecimento do propósito daquela mesmo ligação, diante da confusão de opções.
Questão 5
According to the text:
 
INTERESTING PROPOSAL
 
I find that there is sometimes a lack of understanding and respect between students and teachers.
In order to solve this problem, we should have a teacher-student swap day once a semester. On this
day, students would be the teachers and the teachers would be the students. The reason for this is so
that students and teachers can learn from the challenges the others face. This could benefit the
school in several ways. First, students could see what teachers have to do to prepare for a class.
Second, teachers could learn new ideas from students and how students learn best. Another
advantage would be that students could find out if teaching is something they’d like to do as a career.
This could be easily put into practice. Each semester, every teacher would become a student and let
two students take over the class – one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Students who are
interested would volunteer to teacher a subject they feel comfortable with. They would then be
chosen at random.
Finally, maybe a student could know how much money a teacher makes and how much work a
teacher has.
 
Adapted from McCARTHY, Michael et al. Touchstone workbook 4, ed. Cambridge. USA, 2007, p. 57.
 
A) Teachers would like to be in the students’ place.
B) Students would like to be in the teachers’ place. 
C) Teachers and students should change roles in school sometimes.
D) Teaching is a good carrer to make money.
E) Students want to become teachers.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a C. O autor do texto oferece uma sugestão para lidar com o problema
recorrente de falta de respeito entre estudantes e professores. Sua sugestão se baseia na ideia de
troca de papéis entre aluno e professor, estratégia que poderia ser levada a cabo uma vez por
semestre nas salas de aula, com um swap day (dia de troca), que teria benefícios para ambas as
partes ("In order to solve this problem, we should have a teacher-student swap day once a
semester.")
Questão 6
Although the human brain has an impressive amount of storage space for memories, it does not keep
each one indefinitely. We tend to forget memories that are similar to one another – remembering
instead more novel events or information. In fact, forgetting is important because it makes it easier to
recall new memories.
Although forgetting can be annoying, it sometimes helps us learn. In 2007 researchers at Columbia
University showed that genetically modified mice that cannot generate new neurons in the
hippocampus – a brain area involved in storing memories – do better on memory tasks than mice that
create new neurons as usual. Learning new information does not require new neurons; it simply
requires that existing neurons connect in new ways.
Yet storing a memory does require the ability to sprout new neurons. Thus, the genetically modified
mice could still learn new information, like the most recent location of food in the maze, but had no
old memories of where food was hidden interfering with their most recent one. Forgetting, then, helps
us remember.
Scientific American, July 13, 2010. Adaptado. 
Baseando-se no texto, responda: 
a) Qual é a importância do esquecimento para o cérebro humano? 
b) No experimento mencionado no texto, por que os ratos geneticamente modificados aprenderam
novas informações com mais facilidade que os outros ratos?
Gabarito:
a) Como lemos no texto, esquecer é importante porque torna mais fácil armazenar novas memórias,
o que facilita a aquisição de novas informações.
b) Pela leitura do segundo parágrafo do texto, pesquisadores da Universidade de Columbia teriam
demonstrado que ratos geneticamente modificados não podem gerar neurônios no hipocampo e
consequentemente tendem a armazenar informações por menos tempo. Apesar disso, esses ratos
apresentam melhor performance em testes de memória do que ratos normais, podendo ainda
aprender novas informações, o que confirma o fato de que aprender novas informações não depende
de novos neurônios, mas sim da maneira como os neurônios se conectam.
Questão 7
AGRICULTURE
1 At a time when much of the global economy is falling apart and demand both for consumer goods and the firms that make
and finance them is collapsing, the notoriously cyclical world of agriculture is holding up remarkably well. Prices for grains
and meat are down from the peaks of mid-2008, but are 30-50% above their averages over the past decade. There is
reason to believe that this strength is more than just another of the many bubbles that have recently inflated, only to pop.
2 Higher prices are hardly a universal blessing: they are good for farmers, many of whom are poor, but bad for consumers.
Some of the increase can be blamed on the shift of crops from food to fuel, prompted by wildly inefficient subsidies. But
high prices are also a sign of progress because theirsingle largest cause is the steady increase in demand from poorer
countries, as people there eat more food – especially more protein. More people are better nourished thanks to a bit more
grain, a lot more meat, and much more milk.
3 China's role has been profound, reflecting its enormous economic progress and huge population. In the past decade, says
Carlo Caiani of Caiani & Company, an investment-advisory firm based in Melbourne, the consumption of milk has grown
seven-fold, and that of olive oil six-fold. China is consuming twice as much vegetable oil (instead of less healthy pork fat),
60% more poultry, 30% more beef and 25% more wheat, and these are merely the obvious foods. Scores of niches have
expanded dramatically: people are drinking four times as much wine, for example.
4 And yet even with all this growth, people in China still, on average, consume only one-third as much milk and meat as
people in wealthy countries such as Australia, America and Britain. The gap is even larger with India, which is also growing
fast. Overall, protein intake in Europe and America is unlikely to expand much, but a combination of rising incomes and
population in developing countries could increase demand by more than 5% annually for years to come. "Once people are
accustomed to eating more protein, they won't take it out of their diet," says Mr Caiani.
5 Expanding supply at the same rate will be difficult, because the amount of arable land under cultivation is growing by only a
fraction of a percentage point each year. In China and India many of the most fertile areas are the ones being developed for
roads and factories. That means existing land is becoming more valuable, and must become more productive.
 
The Economist. March 21st 2009.
According to the information in the article, though much of the global economy is falling apart,
A prices for agricultural products have remained stable for the past decade.
B the cyclical nature of agriculture has caused an increased worldwide demand for food products.
C prices for agricultural commodities are at their highest level in a decade.
D agricultural firms have been able to continue producing food despite their diminished access to
outside financial support.
E certain food prices, though not as high as they once were, have shown themselves to be
surprisingly resilient.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
A resposta correta é a (E). Os produtos agropecuários seriam o alvo de tal afirmação; teriam passado
pelo pico negativo em 2008, mas se recuperado da depressão ficando entre 30-50% mais caros do
que na última década.
Questão 8
AGRICULTURE
1 At a time when much of the global economy is falling apart and demand both for consumer goods and the firms that make
and finance them is collapsing, the notoriously cyclical world of agriculture is holding up remarkably well. Prices for grains
and meat are down from the peaks of mid-2008, but are 30-50% above their averages over the past decade. There is
reason to believe that this strength is more than just another of the many bubbles that have recently inflated, only to pop.
2 Higher prices are hardly a universal blessing: they are good for farmers, many of whom are poor, but bad for consumers.
Some of the increase can be blamed on the shift of crops from food to fuel, prompted by wildly inefficient subsidies. But
high prices are also a sign of progress because their single largest cause is the steady increase in demand from poorer
countries, as people there eat more food – especially more protein. More people are better nourished thanks to a bit more
grain, a lot more meat, and much more milk.
3 China's role has been profound, reflecting its enormous economic progress and huge population. In the past decade, says
Carlo Caiani of Caiani & Company, an investment-advisory firm based in Melbourne, the consumption of milk has grown
seven-fold, and that of olive oil six-fold. China is consuming twice as much vegetable oil (instead of less healthy pork fat),
60% more poultry, 30% more beef and 25% more wheat, and these are merely the obvious foods. Scores of niches have
expanded dramatically: people are drinking four times as much wine, for example.
4 And yet even with all this growth, people in China still, on average, consume only one-third as much milk and meat as
people in wealthy countries such as Australia, America and Britain. The gap is even larger with India, which is also growing
fast. Overall, protein intake in Europe and America is unlikely to expand much, but a combination of rising incomes and
population in developing countries could increase demand by more than 5% annually for years to come. "Once people are
accustomed to eating more protein, they won't take it out of their diet," says Mr Caiani.
5 Expanding supply at the same rate will be difficult, because the amount of arable land under cultivation is growing by only a
fraction of a percentage point each year. In China and India many of the most fertile areas are the ones being developed for
roads and factories. That means existing land is becoming more valuable, and must become more productive.
 
The Economist. March 21st 2009.
With respect to food prices, which of the following is most supported by information in the article?
A In developing countries, the poor segments of society have suffered greatly because of increasing
food prices.
B Though food has become more expensive, farmers in general have been unable to increase their
income.
C Food prices have increased in part because some crops are no longer being used for food.
D Food prices have increased greatly because people from all countries are eating much more protein
than they used to.
E Inefficient agricultural subsidies have encouraged unprofitable farming practices that result in
wasted food.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A resposta correta é a (C). Um dos fatores que podem ser apontados como responsáveis pelo
aumento no preço dos alimentos é o fato de que deixou-se de usar certos cultivos para alimentação,
passando-se a utilizá-los para a produção de combustível ("Some of the increase can be blamed on
the shift of crops from food to fuel (...)"). Essa informação pode ser encontrada no segundo parágrafo.
Questão 9
AGRICULTURE
1 At a time when much of the global economy is falling apart and demand both for consumer goods and the firms that make
and finance them is collapsing, the notoriously cyclical world of agriculture is holding up remarkably well. Prices for grains
and meat are down from the peaks of mid-2008, but are 30-50% above their averages over the past decade. There is
reason to believe that this strength is more than just another of the many bubbles that have recently inflated, only to pop.
2 Higher prices are hardly a universal blessing: they are good for farmers, many of whom are poor, but bad for consumers.
Some of the increase can be blamed on the shift of crops from food to fuel, prompted by wildly inefficient subsidies. But
high prices are also a sign of progress because their single largest cause is the steady increase in demand from poorer
countries, as people there eat more food – especially more protein. More people are better nourished thanks to a bit more
grain, a lot more meat, and much more milk.
3 China's role has been profound, reflecting its enormous economic progress and huge population. In the past decade, says
Carlo Caiani of Caiani & Company, an investment-advisory firm based in Melbourne, the consumption of milk has grown
seven-fold, and that of olive oil six-fold. China is consuming twice as much vegetable oil (instead of less healthy pork fat),
60% more poultry, 30% more beef and 25% more wheat, and these are merely the obvious foods. Scores of niches have
expanded dramatically: people are drinking four times as much wine, for example.
4 And yet even with all this growth, people in China still, on average, consume only one-third as much milk and meat as
people in wealthy countries such as Australia, America and Britain. The gap is even larger withIndia, which is also growing
fast. Overall, protein intake in Europe and America is unlikely to expand much, but a combination of rising incomes and
population in developing countries could increase demand by more than 5% annually for years to come. "Once people are
accustomed to eating more protein, they won't take it out of their diet," says Mr Caiani.
5 Expanding supply at the same rate will be difficult, because the amount of arable land under cultivation is growing by only a
fraction of a percentage point each year. In China and India many of the most fertile areas are the ones being developed for
roads and factories. That means existing land is becoming more valuable, and must become more productive.
 
The Economist. March 21st 2009.
In paragraph 3, the phrase “China’s role has been profound…” most likely means that
A China has made progress but still has the largest number of undernourished people in the world.
B China’s huge population now enjoys much better nutrition thanks to the country’s enormous
economic progress.
C as China now consumes more milk and olive oil than any other country, prices for those products
have been increasing steadily.
D by increasing its agricultural production, China has been significant in facilitating greater protein
consumption in poorer countries.
E China’s increased food consumption has been a major factor in keeping world prices of agricultural
products relatively high.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
A resposta correta é (E). A frase em questão, no terceiro parágrafo, remete ao papel da China no
cenário da elevação mundial dos preços dos alimentos. O efeito da nação no processo descrito teria
sido alto de acordo com seu enorme progresso econômico e imensa população ("China's role has
been profound, reflecting its enormous economic progress and huge population").
 
Questão 10
AGRICULTURE
1 At a time when much of the global economy is falling apart and demand both for consumer goods and the firms that make
and finance them is collapsing, the notoriously cyclical world of agriculture is holding up remarkably well. Prices for grains
and meat are down from the peaks of mid-2008, but are 30-50% above their averages over the past decade. There is
reason to believe that this strength is more than just another of the many bubbles that have recently inflated, only to pop.
2 Higher prices are hardly a universal blessing: they are good for farmers, many of whom are poor, but bad for consumers.
Some of the increase can be blamed on the shift of crops from food to fuel, prompted by wildly inefficient subsidies. But
high prices are also a sign of progress because their single largest cause is the steady increase in demand from poorer
countries, as people there eat more food – especially more protein. More people are better nourished thanks to a bit more
grain, a lot more meat, and much more milk.
3 China's role has been profound, reflecting its enormous economic progress and huge population. In the past decade, says
Carlo Caiani of Caiani & Company, an investment-advisory firm based in Melbourne, the consumption of milk has grown
seven-fold, and that of olive oil six-fold. China is consuming twice as much vegetable oil (instead of less healthy pork fat),
60% more poultry, 30% more beef and 25% more wheat, and these are merely the obvious foods. Scores of niches have
expanded dramatically: people are drinking four times as much wine, for example.
4 And yet even with all this growth, people in China still, on average, consume only one-third as much milk and meat as
people in wealthy countries such as Australia, America and Britain. The gap is even larger with India, which is also growing
fast. Overall, protein intake in Europe and America is unlikely to expand much, but a combination of rising incomes and
population in developing countries could increase demand by more than 5% annually for years to come. "Once people are
accustomed to eating more protein, they won't take it out of their diet," says Mr Caiani.
5 Expanding supply at the same rate will be difficult, because the amount of arable land under cultivation is growing by only a
fraction of a percentage point each year. In China and India many of the most fertile areas are the ones being developed for
roads and factories. That means existing land is becoming more valuable, and must become more productive.
 
The Economist. March 21st 2009.
According to Carlo Caiani of Caiani & Company,
A China’s increased protein consumption is currently the most important reason that world
agricultural prices have remained high.
B China is now the world’s biggest consumer of protein.
C eating more protein is an important part of anyone’s healthy diet.
D when a larger amount of protein becomes a normal part of a person’s diet, it is likely to remain so.
E taking into consideration the increased protein consumption in poor countries has become an
important factor in planning investment strategies.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
A alternativa a ser assinalada é a (D). No quarto parágrafo, Caiani opina sobre o consumo de
proteínas. Ele afirma que "uma vez que as pessoas se acostumam a comer mais proteína, não tiram
mais este componente de suas dietas" ("Once people are accustomed to eating more protein, they
won't take it out of their diet").
Questão 11
AGRICULTURE
1 At a time when much of the global economy is falling apart and demand both for consumer goods and the firms that make
and finance them is collapsing, the notoriously cyclical world of agriculture is holding up remarkably well. Prices for grains
and meat are down from the peaks of mid-2008, but are 30-50% above their averages over the past decade. There is
reason to believe that this strength is more than just another of the many bubbles that have recently inflated, only to pop.
2 Higher prices are hardly a universal blessing: they are good for farmers, many of whom are poor, but bad for consumers.
Some of the increase can be blamed on the shift of crops from food to fuel, prompted by wildly inefficient subsidies. But
high prices are also a sign of progress because their single largest cause is the steady increase in demand from poorer
countries, as people there eat more food – especially more protein. More people are better nourished thanks to a bit more
grain, a lot more meat, and much more milk.
3 China's role has been profound, reflecting its enormous economic progress and huge population. In the past decade, says
Carlo Caiani of Caiani & Company, an investment-advisory firm based in Melbourne, the consumption of milk has grown
seven-fold, and that of olive oil six-fold. China is consuming twice as much vegetable oil (instead of less healthy pork fat),
60% more poultry, 30% more beef and 25% more wheat, and these are merely the obvious foods. Scores of niches have
expanded dramatically: people are drinking four times as much wine, for example.
4 And yet even with all this growth, people in China still, on average, consume only one-third as much milk and meat as
people in wealthy countries such as Australia, America and Britain. The gap is even larger with India, which is also growing
fast. Overall, protein intake in Europe and America is unlikely to expand much, but a combination of rising incomes and
population in developing countries could increase demand by more than 5% annually for years to come. "Once people are
accustomed to eating more protein, they won't take it out of their diet," says Mr Caiani.
5 Expanding supply at the same rate will be difficult, because the amount of arable land under cultivation is growing by only a
fraction of a percentage point each year. In China and India many of the most fertile areas are the ones being developed for
roads and factories. That means existing land is becoming more valuable, and must become more productive.
 
The Economist. March 21st 2009.
Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
A Despite its strongly cyclical nature, agriculture is the one business in the worldthat has not been
negatively affected by the current global economic crisis.
B Though China’s food consumption has increased dramatically in the past decade, most of that
country’s farmers have remained in poverty.
C Though China’s economic power and consequent food intake have grown tremendously in recent
years, its meat and milk consumption is still far behind that of some of the rich countries.
D Though Australia, America and Britain produce much of the world’s food, their food intake has
actually decreased in recent years.
E Though India’s economy is growing fast, its per capita food consumption has remained at essentially
the same level for the past decade.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a (C). O consumo de proteína (carnes, leite, derivados etc.) em países ricos
como Austrália, EUA e Grã-Bretanha ainda é maior que o da China (parágrafo 3). Isso apesar do
crescimento do poder econômico chinês e das consequências deste para um maior consumo de
alimentos de seus cidadãos nos últimos anos (parágrafo 4).
Questão 12
AGRICULTURE
1 At a time when much of the global economy is falling apart and demand both for consumer goods and the firms that make
and finance them is collapsing, the notoriously cyclical world of agriculture is holding up remarkably well. Prices for grains
and meat are down from the peaks of mid-2008, but are 30-50% above their averages over the past decade. There is
reason to believe that this strength is more than just another of the many bubbles that have recently inflated, only to pop.
2 Higher prices are hardly a universal blessing: they are good for farmers, many of whom are poor, but bad for consumers.
Some of the increase can be blamed on the shift of crops from food to fuel, prompted by wildly inefficient subsidies. But
high prices are also a sign of progress because their single largest cause is the steady increase in demand from poorer
countries, as people there eat more food – especially more protein. More people are better nourished thanks to a bit more
grain, a lot more meat, and much more milk.
3 China's role has been profound, reflecting its enormous economic progress and huge population. In the past decade, says
Carlo Caiani of Caiani & Company, an investment-advisory firm based in Melbourne, the consumption of milk has grown
seven-fold, and that of olive oil six-fold. China is consuming twice as much vegetable oil (instead of less healthy pork fat),
60% more poultry, 30% more beef and 25% more wheat, and these are merely the obvious foods. Scores of niches have
expanded dramatically: people are drinking four times as much wine, for example.
4 And yet even with all this growth, people in China still, on average, consume only one-third as much milk and meat as
people in wealthy countries such as Australia, America and Britain. The gap is even larger with India, which is also growing
fast. Overall, protein intake in Europe and America is unlikely to expand much, but a combination of rising incomes and
population in developing countries could increase demand by more than 5% annually for years to come. "Once people are
accustomed to eating more protein, they won't take it out of their diet," says Mr Caiani.
5 Expanding supply at the same rate will be difficult, because the amount of arable land under cultivation is growing by only a
fraction of a percentage point each year. In China and India many of the most fertile areas are the ones being developed for
roads and factories. That means existing land is becoming more valuable, and must become more productive.
 
The Economist. March 21st 2009.
Which of the following is not mentioned as a problem that China and India face in feeding their
populations?
A Over-cultivation has resulted in the decreased fertility of a large amount of agricultural land in those
two countries.
B In those two countries, some of the best land is being used more and more for industrial purposes
instead of for agriculture.
C In those two countries, new roads are occupying land that once was used for agriculture.
D Because of increasing demand, the available agricultural land in those countries must grow more
and more food.
E Around the world, the amount of land that can be used for agriculture is increasing very little year
by year.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A resposta correta é a (D). Como lemos no último parágrafo, a alta demanda de produção
(primeiramente descrita no parágrafo anterior) enfrenta um problema de baixo crescimento das áreas
próprias aos cultivos. Com a instauração de estrutura para estradas e indústrias nas regiões de terra
fértil, um agravamento se anuncia: as terras serão valorizadas e precisarão, assim, ser mais
produtivas.
As demais alternativas não encontram amparo no texto e deveriam ser descartadas.
Questão 13
About the Year of Light 
01 On 20 December 2013, the UN General Assembly 68th Session proclaimed 2015 as
the
02 International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies (IYL 2015).
03 OVERVIEWS AND AIMS
 
04 In proclaiming an International Year focusing on the topic of light science and its
05 applications, the UN has recognized the importance of raising global awareness
about how
06 light-based technologies promote sustainable development and provide solutions
to global
07 challenges in energy, education, agriculture and health. Light plays a vital role in
our daily
08 lives and is an imperative cross-cutting discipline of science in the 21st
century. It has
09 revolutionized medicine, opened up international communication via the Internet,
and
10 continues to be central to linking cultural, economic and political aspects of the
global
11 society.
12 IYL 2015 programs will promote improved public and political understanding of the
central
13 role of light in the modern world while also celebrating noteworthy anniversaries
in 2015 –
14 from the first studies of optics 1,000 years ago to discoveries in optical
communications
15 that power the Internet today.
16 This International Year will bring together many different scientific societies and
unions,
18 educational institutions, technology platforms, non-profit organizations and private
sector
19 partners.
Available at: . Adapted. Accessed on: July 31st, 2015. 
Choose the correct alternative(s) in regards to reference.
(01) The noun phrase "an imperative cross-cutting discipline of science in the 21st century", in line
08, refers to "medicine".
(02) The pronoun "its", in line 04, refers to "light science".
(04) The pronoun "it", in line 08, refers to "light".
(08) The pronoun "that", in line 15, refers to "anniversaries in 2015".
Gabarito:
02 + 04 = 06
Resolução:
(01) Incorreta. A frase nominal "an imperative cross-cutting discipline of science in the 21st century",
na linha 08, refere-se a "light" (linha 07), e não a "medicine" (linha 09).
(02) Correta. O pronome "its", na linha 04, refere-se a "light science", na mesma linha.
(04) Correta. O pronome "it", na linha 08, refere-se a "light" (linha 07).
(08) Incorreta. O pronome "that", na linha 15, refere-se a "discoveries in optical communications"
(linha 14), e não a "anniversaries in 2015" (linha 14).
Questão 14
Algorithms are everywhere. They play the stockmarket, decide whether you can have a mortgage and
may one day drive your car for you. They search the internet when commanded, stick carefully
chosen advertisements into the sites you visit and decide what prices to show you in online shops.
[…] But what exactly are algorithms, and what makes them so powerful?
An algorithm is, essentially, a brainless way of doing clever things. It is a set of precise steps that
need no great mental effort to follow but which, if obeyed exactly and mechanically, will lead to some
desirable outcome. Long division and column addition are examples that everyone is familiar with – if
you follow the procedure, you are guaranteed to get the right answer. So is the strategy,
rediscovered thousands of times every yearby schoolchildren bored with learning mathematical
algorithms, for playing a perfect game of noughts and crosses. The brainlessness is key: each
step should be as simple and as free from ambiguity as possible. Cooking recipes and driving
directions are algorithms of a sort. But instructions like “stew the meat until tender” or “it’s a
few miles down the road” are too vague to follow without at least some interpretation.
[…]
The Economist, August 30, 2017.
No texto, um exemplo associado ao fato de algoritmos estarem por toda parte é
a) o cartão de crédito.
b) o livre mercado.
c) a dieta.
d) o jogo de xadrez.
e) o comércio eletrônico.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
Um dos exemplos associados ao fato de os algoritmos estarem em toda parte encontra-se no trecho
"They search the internet as commanded, stick carefully chosen advertisements into the sites you
visit and decide what prices to show you in online shops" (Eles buscam a internet quando
comandados, inserem anúncios cuidadosamente escolhidos nos sites que você visita e decidem quais
preços mostrar a você em lojas online"). 
Questão 15
Algorithms are everywhere. They play the stockmarket, decide whether you can have a mortgage and
may one day drive your car for you. They search the internet when commanded, stick carefully
chosen advertisements into the sites you visit and decide what prices to show you in online shops.
[…] But what exactly are algorithms, and what makes them so powerful?
An algorithm is, essentially, a brainless way of doing clever things. It is a set of precise steps that
need no great mental effort to follow but which, if obeyed exactly and mechanically, will lead to some
desirable outcome. Long division and column addition are examples that everyone is familiar with – if
you follow the procedure, you are guaranteed to get the right answer. So is the strategy,
rediscovered thousands of times every year by schoolchildren bored with learning mathematical
algorithms, for playing a perfect game of noughts and crosses. The brainlessness is key: each
step should be as simple and as free from ambiguity as possible. Cooking recipes and driving
directions are algorithms of a sort. But instructions like “stew the meat until tender” or “it’s a
few miles down the road” are too vague to follow without at least some interpretation.
[…]
The Economist, August 30, 2017.
Segundo o texto, a execução de um algoritmo consiste em um processo que
a) prevê a memorização de tabelas e fórmulas.
b) envolve mecanismos de seleção e detecção de erros.
c) se apoia em um número infinito de etapas.
d) é incompatível com análises subjetivas e imprecisas.
e) alterna níveis altos e baixos de esforço intelectual.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
A execução de um algoritmo consiste em um processo incompatível com análises subjetivas e
imprecisas, o que pode ser confirmado pelo trecho: "Cooking recipes and driving directions are
algorithms of a sort. But instructions like 'stew the meat until tender' or 'it's a few miles down the
road' are too vague to follow without at least some interpretation" ("Receitas culinárias e instruções
de direção são algoritmos de certo tipo. Mas instruções como 'cozinhe a carne até ficar macia' e 'fica
a algumas milhas de distância' são vagas demais para serem seguidas sem pelo menos alguma
interpretação").
Questão 16
Apresenta-se, a seguir, um artigo de opinião, seguido da resposta de uma leitora.
 
IS BURNOUT REAL?
Last week, the World Health Organization upgraded burnout from a “state” of exhaustion to “a
syndrome” resulting from “chronic workplace stress” in its International Disease Classification. That is
such a broad definition that it could well apply to most people at some point in their working lives.
When a disorder is reportedly so widespread, it makes me wonder whether we are at risk of
medicalizing everyday distress. If almost everyone suffers from burnout, then no one does, and the
concept loses all credibility.
By Richard A. Friedman
 
I'm sure the author's generation also experienced workplace stress. However, his generation also
experienced real economic stability and socioeconomic gains. There was a light at the end of the
tunnel. Currently, we are working tirelessly towards what ends? There doesn't seem to be a light at
the end of the tunnel. The burnout is psychological and existential as much as it is physical.
Anna B. – New York, June 4, 2019 (Adaptado de www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/opinion/burnout-stress.html. Acessado em 16/09/2020.)
Em seu comentário, a leitora Anna B. discorda do autor do texto quanto à
a) gravidade de burnout nas condições atuais.
b) existência de burnout em gerações passadas.
c) influência da economia no avanço de burnout.
d) prevalência de burnout no ambiente de trabalho.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Em seu comentário, a leitora Anna B. discorda do autor do texto quanto à gravidade de burnout nas
condições atuais. Comprovamos isso com base nos trechos “If almost everyone suffers from burnout,
then no one does, and the concept loses all credibility.” e “There was a light at the end of the tunnel.
Currently, we are working tirelessly towards what ends? There doesn’t seem to be a light at the end of
the tunnel. The burnout is psychological and existential as much as it is physical".
Questão 17
As astronomers gaze into the depths of space, they do so with unease: They don’t know precisely
what the universe is made of.
Surprisingly, no one knows the stars’ exact chemical composition: how many carbon, nitrogen and
oxygen atoms they have relative to hydrogen, the most common element.
These numbers are crucial, because they affect how stars live and die, what types of planets form and
even how readily life might arise on other worlds.
Twenty years ago, astronomers expressed confidence in the numbers they had been working with.
Now, not so much. The problem lies not in the far corners of the cosmos, but much closer to home.
Astonishingly, scientists don't know exactly what the sun is made of. As a result, they don't know
what the other stars are made of, either.
“The sun is a fundamental yardstick,” says Martin Asplund, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck
Institute for Astrophysics, in Germany. “When we 20 determine the abundance of a certain element in
a star or a galaxy or a gas cloud anywhere in the universe, we use the sun as a reference point.”
The sun’s location in the Milky Way also makes it a good representative of the entire galaxy. Most
stars 25 reside in giant galaxies like the Milky Way, which makes the sun a touchstone for the entire
cosmos.
For nearly a century, astronomers have judged stars normal or not by seeing whether their chemical
compositions match the sun’s. Most stars near us do; some don’t.
Scientific American. 1 July 2020. Adaptado.
Conforme o texto, um critério tradicionalmente utilizado por astrônomos para avaliar estrelas envolve
 
a) verificar se sua composição se assemelha à do Sol.
b) selecionar galáxias compostas por estrelas padrão.
c) calcular níveis de radiação estelar e de energia gravitacional.
d) medir a densidade e grau de opacidade de nêutrons.
e) testar a circulação atmosférica em torno dos astros.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Conforme o texto, um critério tradicionalmente utilizado por astrônomos para avaliar estrelas envolve
verificar se sua composição se assemelha à do Sol, conforme atesta o trecho "For nearly a century,
astronomers have judged stars normal or not by seeing whether their chemical compositions match
the sun’s".
Questão 18
Analise o cartum.
 
A fala do personagem
 
(A) apresenta um questionamento sobre a relevância do desenvolvimento econômico para a
população do planeta.
(B) coloca em dúvida o custo do desenvolvimento econômico para a preservação do meio ambiente.
(C) sugere uma alternativa viável para o desenvolvimento econômico sustentável.
(D) expõe uma constatação sobre a importância da preservação do meio ambiente em benefício do
equilíbrio da economia.
(E) revela um posicionamento a respeito do impacto do sistema capitalistano meio ambiente.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
A fala do personagem revela um posicionamento crítico diante do impacto do sistema capitalista
sobre meio ambiente: "O QUE VOCÊS AMBIENTALISTAS PRECISAM ENTENDER É QUE A DESTRUIÇÃO
DO PLANETA PODE SER O PREÇO QUE NÓS TEMOS QUE PAGAR POR UMA ECONOMIA SAUDÁVEL".
Questão 19
According to the cartoon:
Disponível em: .
1. Dustine isn't the man's daughter.
2. The man is Dustine's father.
3. Dustine's very happy with her father.
4. Dustine is the guy's girlfriend.
5. The guy's name's Smudge.
It is correct only
a) 1 and 2.
b) 2.
c) 3 and 4.
d) 1 and 4.
e) 2, 4 and 5.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
1. Incorreta. Dustine é, sim, filha do homem que aparece na tirinha.
2. Correta. O homem que aparece na tirinha é pai de Dustine.
3. Incorreta. Dustine parece magoada, e não feliz, com seu pai, uma vez que ele confunde seu
namorado, Smudge, com um porco.
4. Correta. Dustine é a namorada do garoto que aparece na tirinha, Smudge.
5. Correta. O nome do garoto que aparece na tirinha é Smudge.
Questão 20
After weeks of hurling threats at the United States and its allies, North Korea announced plans on
Tuesday to restart a reactor at its main nuclear complex that it had agreed to shut down more than
five years ago.
Disponível em: .
De acordo com texto, a Coreia do Norte anunciou que planeja:
a) Religar um reator nuclear.
b) Atacar os Estados Unidos com bombas nucleares.
c) Investir no desenvolvimento de armas nucleares mais potentes.
d) Atacar os aliados dos Estados Unidos com bombas nucleares.
e) Religar todos os reatores de um complexo nuclear.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
De acordo com texto, a Coreia do Norte anunciou que planeja religar um reator nuclear (no texto,
"North Korea announced plans on Tuesday to restart a reactor").