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Step 18.032P (a) Refer to Figure 18.21 (a) in the textbook for the bi-stable circuit. The positive terminal of the op-amp in the circuit is connected to the voltage V through the resistor R3 The modified circuit is shown in Figure 1. V R₁ V+O + + Figure 1 Step of 7 Apply Kirchhoff Current Law at positive node of the op amp. 0-v. V 11 Rearrange the expression. Step of 7 When reaches lower threshold voltage the output voltage becomes L. Thus, Thus, the expression for threshold voltage is, When reaches higher threshold voltage the output voltage becomes L. Thus, Thus, the expression for threshold voltage is, Step of 7 (b) Substitute - 10 V for L. 15 V for V for and 4.9 V for Vₙ 15 -10 1 15 10 0.00049 10.1 14.9 0.00049 (1) Step of Substitute 10 V for L. 15 V for V for and 5.1 V for V 15 10 15.10 0.00051 4.9 0.00051 Step of 10.1 Multiply both sides with 9.9 10. 10.1 9.9 9.9 10.1 4,9989 0.0005203 (2) Subtract equation (1) from equation (2) 4.9989+14.9 0.0005203-0.00049 R2 19.89 0.0000303 R2 =656.43 Step 7 Substitute 656.43 for in equation (1) 9.9 4.9 0.00051 a 656.43x10 9.9 4.9 0.00051 Thus, the resistor values are =656.43 and =19.7