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Step of 4 4.002P (a) Refer to Figure P4.2 (a) in the textbook. The cathode is connected to -3 V source and the anode is connected to +3 V source. Therefore, the diode is in forward bias and the voltage drop across the diode is 0 V. Find the voltage at the output node. =-3V Therefore, the voltage across the diode V is -3V Find the current / flows through the diode. The current flows through the resistor and the diode is same. Use Ohm's law to find the current in the circuit. I = 3-(-3) 3+3 = 6 = Therefore, the current flows through the diode is Step of 4 (b) Refer to Figure P4.2 (b) in the textbook. The cathode is connected to +3 V source and the anode is connected to -3 V source. Therefore, the diode is in reverse bias and the current passing through the diode is 0 A. Therefore, the current flows through the diode I is Use Ohm's law to find the output voltage. 3V-V I = 10 kΩ 3V-V 0 Ω 3V-V=0 V=3V Therefore, the voltage across the diode V is 3V Step of 4 (c) Refer to Figure P4.2 (c) in the textbook. The cathode is connected to -3 V source and the anode is connected to +3 V source. Therefore, the diode is in forward bias and the voltage drop across the diode is 0 V. Find the voltage at the output node. V=3V Therefore, the voltage across the diode V is 3V Find the current / flows through the diode. The current flows through the resistor and the diode is same. Use Ohm's law to find the current in the circuit. = 3-(-3) 6 = = 0.6 mA Therefore, the current flows through the diode is 0.6 mA Step of 4 (d) Refer to Figure P4.2 (d) in the textbook. The cathode is connected to +3 V source and the anode is connected to -3 V source. Therefore, the diode is in reverse bias and the current passing through the diode is 0 A. Therefore, the current flows through the diode is Use Ohm's law to find the output voltage. I = V-(-3V) 10 kΩ 3 V+V 0 Ω 3 V+V=0 Therefore, the voltage across the diode V is