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72 CHAPTER 3 
 
 
 
Common Mistakes to Avoid 
 
When drawing the mechanism of a proton transfer, two curved arrows are required. The first curved arrow 
shows the base attacking the proton, and the second curved arrow shows the bond to H being broken. 
 
 
 
It is a common mistake to draw only the first curved arrow and not the second, so make sure to draw both 
curved arrows. When drawing the second curved arrow, make sure that the tail is placed on the middle of 
the bond to the H, as shown: 
 
 
 
When the acid is H3O+, you must draw at least one of the O–H bonds in order to draw the second curved 
arrow properly. 
 
 
 
This is also the case for other acids: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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