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LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE INGLÊS
Aula 7: Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Main topics:
- The Community language learning and total physical response upon a diacronich point of view.
- Recognize principal features of the The Community language learning and total physical response.
 
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Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Community Language Learning
Communication is more than just a message being transmitted from a speaker to a listener. The speaker at the same time is both subject and object of his own message. Communication involves not just the unidirectional transfer of information to the other, but the very constitution of the speaking subject in relation to the other. Communication is an exchange which is incomplete without a feedback reaction from the destine of the message.
 
Language is people; language is persons in contact; language is persons in response.
(La Forge)
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Influenciados por Carl Rogers, muitos psicólogos começaram a perceber que o fator afetivo e as relações de natureza interpessoal têm um papel fundamental no processo de aprendizagem. É neste panorama de mudanças que os métodos e abordagens se renovam nos anos 1970 (a começar pelo Communicative Approach, que vimos aula passada), assumindo um caráter humanístico.
 
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
A interação professor ― aluno é comparada às fases do crescimentodesenvolvimento humano e respectivas características.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Community Language Learning Activities
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Principal features:
- members should interact in an interpersonal relationship. Language is seen as a social process.
- the teachers’ role is that of a true counselor (they are facilitators, not perceived as a threat, they don’t impose boundaries and limits and concentrate on the learners’ needs).
- students and teachers work together in a partnership to facilitate learning by valuing each other, lowering the defense that prevents interpersonal interaction and by reducing anxiety. This partnership is regarded as a supportive community.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
grammar is taught inductively.
learners are responsible for their own learning and free to decide what they want to learn. This encourages their participation in class and the interaction with their classmates.
mistakes are seen as part of the learning process. The group is a community where experiences are shared.
- learning is a unified, personal and social experience. The learner is no longer learning in isolation and in competition with others.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Criticism:
the teacher has to be proficient in both the target and the source language. He/she must be very good skilled in translation.
because the method is strongly centered on the students, the teacher can become too non-directive.
- the CLL requires too much time. The teacher has to get behind their students to translate their ideas until the students say their idea in the target language.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
it can only be applied to small groups and in basic levels.
- this method doesn’t require a syllabus. A syllabus or lesson plan helps the teacher to develop a class because it’s a guide, but regarding CLL, the students decide the topics. For students it’s an advantage but for teachers it isn’t.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Get the Image!
http://vimeo.com/30118776
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Total Physical Response
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
For example…
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
A Resposta Física Total resulta das pesquisas em aquisição da língua materna e ressalta a importância do processamento cerebral no hemisfério direito para o aprendizado da linguagem. Tal método defende que o processo de aprendizagem da LE deve ocorrer da mesma maneira como o aluno aprendeu sua língua materna. Assim, a compreensão oral precede a produção oral, e os alunos só falam quando se sentem prontos. Esse princípio é oriundo dos estudos de aquisição de linguagem, que provaram que a criança passa por um período silencioso antes de falar. Elas escutam os comandos dos pais e reagem fisicamente. Apenas numa etapa posterior, é que as crianças desenvolvem a fala e passam a interagir, produzindo respostas verbais. As atividades cinestésicas são utilizadas para a ativação do hemisfério esquerdo do cérebro (VILAS BOAS, [20-]). 
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
As principais características do Total Physical Response são:
 
- the combination of speech and action facilitates language teaching.
- the student is a listener and a performer responding to commands individually or collectively.
- grammar is taught inductively.
- speaking is delayed until comprehension skills are established (emphasis on the role of comprehension in second language acquisition).
- reading and writing can be introduced to consolidate grammar and vocabulary at further stages of learning.
- the primary focus in lessons is on meaning.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
- effective learning process takes place in a stress free environment.
- the role of the teacher is central. He/She chooses the appropriate commands to introduce vocabulary and structure.
- activities in the classroom rely on action based on drills (structural exercises) in the imperative mood (command drills) to elicit physical/motor activity on the part of the learners.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
- other activities: role plays on everyday situations (at the restaurant, at the market, at the airport etc) and slide presentations to provide visual resources for the teacher’s narration, followed by commands or questions.
- students are not forced to speak. They have their own rhythm, they speak spontaneously.
- mistakes are considered part of the learning process, but as students become more advanced teacherscorrect students.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Algumas críticas ao Total Physical Response:
 
- it is only suitable for beginning stages of language learning (although some exercises/activities can be applied to intermediate and advanced learners and TPR is compatible with other approaches to language teaching. For many, TPR represents just a useful set of techniques for beginning levels and serving as a complement for other classroom activities inspired by other approaches to language teaching).
- TPR syllabus and the utterances and sentences within it are questionable as far as communicative relevance is concerned (out of reality).
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
- you can’t teach everything using TPR and if used a lot it would become repetitive and discouraging.
- TPR doesn’t give students the opportunity to express their own thoughts in a creative way.
- it might be embarrassing to students who are not used to such things (shy students, for example).
- TPR might be workable in a small group of learners, but it might be problematic when applied to larger groups (of 30 students, for example).
- the four language abilities are not fully developed, since the emphasis is on listening and then on oral production.
Tema da Apresentação
Community Language Learning and Total Physical Response - Aula 7
LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA AO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Look at the screen!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h17eAo9-960
Tema da Apresentação