<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Exercício de Bioquímica Aplicada </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Aluna: Iandra Carine Teixeira Ramos Silvério </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y3 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">1- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Em <span class="_1 blank"> </span>forma <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tópicos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>descreva <span class="_1 blank"> </span>qual <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>im<span class="_2 blank"></span>portância <span class="_1 blank"> </span>da <span class="_1 blank"> </span>água <span class="_1 blank"> </span>para <span class="_1 blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">seres vivos? </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">a.<span class="ls2 ws3"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Solubilização de biomoléculas </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">b.<span class="ls2 ws3"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Reações químicas </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">c. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Homeostase <span class="ff3 ls0">\u2013</span> Balanço Hídrico </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">d.<span class="ls2 ws3"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Transporte de nutrientes </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">e.<span class="ls2 ws3"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Atuante no transporte de Gases </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 ya ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws1">f.<span class="ls2 ws3"> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Estabilidade no enovelamento proteico </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws2">g.<span class="ls2 ws3"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>A<span class="_6 blank"> </span>uxilia no processo enzima X substrato </span></div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 yc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">h.<span class="ls2 ws3"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>Osmolaridade </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yd ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 ye ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">2- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Qual <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tipo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>li<span class="_6 blank"> </span>gação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>entre <span class="_6 blank"> </span>os <span class="_7 blank"> </span>átomos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>compõem <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>molécula <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yf ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">água? <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Esquematize <span class="_1 blank"> </span>através <span class="_8 blank"> </span>da <span class="_8 blank"> </span>formula <span class="_8 blank"> </span>estrutural, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>dem<span class="_6 blank"> </span>onstrando <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y10 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">tipo <span class="_9 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y11 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">ligação. </div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y12 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y13 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">3- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>De <span class="_a blank"> </span>acordo <span class="_a blank"> </span>com <span class="_a blank"> </span>os <span class="_a blank"> </span>estados <span class="_a blank"> </span>físicos <span class="_a blank"> </span>da <span class="_a blank"> </span>ág<span class="_2 blank"></span>ua, <span class="_a blank"> </span>descreva <span class="_a blank"> </span>qual <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_a blank"> </span>estado<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y14 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">mais <span class="_a blank"> </span>proveniente <span class="_a blank"> </span>para <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>intera<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_a blank"> </span>da <span class="_a blank"> </span>mol<span class="_2 blank"></span>écula <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>água <span class="_a blank"> </span>com <span class="_7 blank"> </span>outras </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y15 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">substâncias e moléculas. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y16 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3"> <span class="ff1 ls2 v1"> No <span class="_b blank"> </span>estado <span class="_b blank"> </span>líquido <span class="_b blank"> </span>as <span class="_c blank"> </span>pontes <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>hidrogénio <span class="_b blank"> </span>quebram<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-se <span class="_b blank"> </span>e <span class="_b blank"> </span>formam-se </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y17 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">continuamente <span class="_c blank"> </span>por <span class="_c blank"> </span>rotação <span class="_b blank"> </span>e <span class="_c blank"> </span>vibração <span class="_c blank"> </span>das <span class="_c blank"> </span>mo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>léculas <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>água, <span class="_c blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y18 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">causa <span class="_d blank"> </span>ruptura <span class="_d blank"> </span>e ree<span class="_6 blank"> </span>struturação da<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>malha <span class="_d blank"> </span>com <span class="_d blank"> </span>uma <span class="_d blank"> </span>grande <span class="_d blank"> </span>rap<span class="_2 blank"></span>idez, </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y19 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">talvez <span class="_7 blank"> </span>biliões <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>vezes <span class="_7 blank"> </span>po<span class="_6 blank"> </span>r <span class="_7 blank"> </span>segundo. <span class="_a blank"> </span>A <span class="_7 blank"> </span>grande <span class="_a blank"> </span>q<span class="_2 blank"></span>uantidade <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pontes <span class="_7 blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y1a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">hidrogénio <span class="_c blank"> </span>presente<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s <span class="_c blank"> </span>na <span class="_c blank"> </span>água <span class="_b blank"> </span>no <span class="_c blank"> </span>estado <span class="_c blank"> </span>líquido, <span class="_b blank"> </span>é <span class="_c blank"> </span>resp<span class="_6 blank"> </span>onsável <span class="_c blank"> </span>pelas </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y1b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">características <span class="_a blank"> </span>únicas <span class="_a blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>biologicamente <span class="_a blank"> </span>importantes <span class="_a blank"> </span>da <span class="_a blank"> </span>água <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(Kramer <span class="_a blank"> </span>& </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y1c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Boyer, 1995). </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y1d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y1e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">4- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Descreve <span class="_e blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>utilidade <span class="_e blank"> </span>da <span class="_e blank"> </span>água <span class="_e blank"> </span>quanto <span class="_e blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>solubilização <span class="_e blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">biomoléculas. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y20 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Além <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>dissociar <span class="_c blank"> </span>os <span class="_c blank"> </span>íons, <span class="_c blank"> </span>as <span class="_c blank"> </span>moléculas <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>água <span class="_c blank"> </span>ainda <span class="_c blank"> </span>formam <span class="_c blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y21 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">camada de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>hidratação (ou <span class="_6 blank"> </span>camada d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e solvatação). A<span class="_6 blank"> </span> partícula <span class="_6 blank"> </span>iônica fica </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y22 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tal <span class="_a blank"> </span>ma<span class="_6 blank"> </span>neira <span class="_1 blank"> </span>cercada <span class="_a blank"> </span>por <span class="_1 blank"> </span>água <span class="_1 blank"> </span>que <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>camada <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>h<span class="_6 blank"> </span>i<span class="_6 blank"> </span>dratação <span class="_1 blank"> </span>passa <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y23 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">fazer <span class="_7 blank"> </span>parte <span class="_a blank"> </span>do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>íon: <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>c<span class="_2 blank"></span>amada <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>solv<span class="_2 blank"></span>atação <span class="_7 blank"> </span>aumen<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ta <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tamanho <span class="_7 blank"> </span>do <span class="_a blank"> </span>íon.<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y24 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A camada <span class="_d blank"> </span>de hidratação também <span class="_d blank"> </span>ocorre em <span class="_d blank"> </span>solutos polares e com </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">carga, seguindo o mesmo princípio. </div><div class="c x7 y26 w2 h4"><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y27 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Dois <span class="_3 blank"> </span>átomos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>hidrog<span class="_2 blank"></span>ênios <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>u<span class="_2 blank"></span>m <span class="_3 blank"> </span>átomo <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>oxigênio </div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y28 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">representam <span class="_c blank"> </span>a<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>composição <span class="_8 blank"> </span>química <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_10 blank"> </span>molécula <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y29 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">água. </div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y2a ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y2b w1 h6" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y2c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Exemplos: <span class="_4 blank"> </span>c<span class="_2 blank"></span>ompostos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>que, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>em <span class="_4 blank"> </span>solução, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ficam<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>dissociados <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_3 blank"> </span>su<span class="_6 blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y2d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">partículas <span class="_d blank"> </span>co<span class="_6 blank"> </span>m <span class="_d blank"> </span>camada <span class="_0 blank"> </span>de <span class="_0 blank"> </span>hidratação: <span class="_d blank"> </span>NaCl, <span class="_d blank"> </span>KCl, <span class="_d blank"> </span>A<span class="_6 blank"> </span>gNO3 <span class="_d blank"> </span>e <span class="_0 blank"> </span>muitos </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y2e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">outros sais. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">5- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Como a água favorece o processo enzima X substrato? </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y30 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3"> <span class="ff1 ls2 v1">A <span class="_12 blank"> </span>água <span class="_12 blank"> </span>é <span class="_12 blank"> </span>organizada <span class="_12 blank"> </span>interagindo <span class="_12 blank"> </span>com <span class="_12 blank"> </span>o <span class="_12 blank"> </span>substrato e <span class="_b blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s <span class="_12 blank"> </span>enzimas, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>as<span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y31 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">moléculas <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>água <span class="_a blank"> </span>deslocam <span class="_7 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ela <span class="_a blank"> </span>interação <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>enzima<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-substrato. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Onde </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y32 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">ocorre <span class="_c blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>interação <span class="_c blank"> </span>das <span class="_c blank"> </span>enzimas<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-substratos <span class="_c blank"> </span>estabilizados <span class="_c blank"> </span>por <span class="_c blank"> </span>ponte <span class="_c blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y33 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">hidrogênio, interações iônicas e hidrofóbicas. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y34 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y35 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">6- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Como é o processo de osmolaridade? </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y36 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y37 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">E o nú<span class="_2 blank"></span>mero de molé<span class="_2 blank"></span>culas, íons <span class="_12 blank"> </span>e átomos dil<span class="_2 blank"></span>uídos em <span class="_12 blank"> </span>uma solução. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Quanto a osmolaridade maior a pressão osmótica sobre o solvente </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y39 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y3a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">7- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Conceitue <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ácido <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>base. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Explique <span class="_1 blank"> </span>sua <span class="_8 blank"> </span>relaçã<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>no <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>funcionamento </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y3b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">do organismo. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y3c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Segundo <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Svante <span class="_1 blank"> </span>A<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rrhenius <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ácidos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>como <span class="_1 blank"> </span>substân<span class="_6 blank"> </span>cias <span class="_1 blank"> </span>que <span class="_1 blank"> </span>em <span class="_8 blank"> </span>solução <span class="_1 blank"> </span>aquosa </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y3d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">liberam íons positivos de hidrogênio (H+) </div><div class="t m0 x0 h7 y3e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Exemplo: HNO<span class="fs2 ws4 v2">3</span> <span class="ff3">\u2192 H</span><span class="fs2 v3">+ </span>+ NO<span class="fs2 v2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y3f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Enquanto <span class="_0 blank"> </span>as <span class="_d blank"> </span>ba<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ses, <span class="_d blank"> </span>ta<span class="_6 blank"> </span>mbém <span class="_0 blank"> </span>em <span class="_0 blank"> </span>solução <span class="_d blank"> </span>aquosa, <span class="_0 blank"> </span>liberam <span class="_d blank"> </span>h<span class="_6 blank"> </span>idroxilas, <span class="_d blank"> </span>íons </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y40 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">negativos OH<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h7 y41 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Exemplo: NaOH \u2192 Na<span class="ff1 fs2 ws4 v3">+</span><span class="ff1 ls5"> + <span class="ws5">OH<span class="fs2 ls2 ws4 v3">-</span></span></span><span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y42 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Os <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ácidos e<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as bases <span class="_6 blank"> </span>afetam <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_6 blank"> </span>comportamento <span class="_6 blank"> </span>químico da <span class="_6 blank"> </span>água; a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>lterações <span class="_6 blank"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y43 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">concentração <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ácidos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>bases, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>em <span class="_8 blank"> </span>consequência, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>interferem <span class="_8 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>reações </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y44 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">químicas que ocorrem nas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>soluções do <span class="_12 blank"> </span>organismo, nas quais<span class="_2 blank"></span> a água <span class="_12 blank"> </span>é o </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y45 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">solvente universal.<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y46 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">8- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Qual o pH do sangue? </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y47 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3"> <span class="ff1 ls2 v1">O <span class="_1 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>H <span class="_1 blank"> </span>do<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>sangue <span class="_8 blank"> </span>arterial <span class="_1 blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>mantido <span class="_1 blank"> </span>em<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>cerca <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>7,4. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>O <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pH <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sangue<span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y48 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">venoso é de 7,35, pois ele possui maior concentração de CO<span class="fs2 ws4 v2">2</span>. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y49 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y4a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">9- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>O <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tampão, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>vem <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_8 blank"> </span>atividade <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tamponante <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">sua relação com o organismo? </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y4c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Uma <span class="_1 blank"> </span>solução <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tampão <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pode <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_1 blank"> </span>formada <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_1 blank"> </span>por <span class="_1 blank"> </span>um <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ácido <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>natu<span class="_6 blank"> </span>reza <span class="_1 blank"> </span>fraca <span class="_a blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y4d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">por um<span class="_6 blank"> </span> sal f<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ormado a pa<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rtir da <span class="_6 blank"> </span>reação entre <span class="_6 blank"> </span>este á<span class="_6 blank"> </span>cido e u<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ma base f<span class="_6 blank"> </span>orte (sal d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y4e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">base <span class="_a blank"> </span>forte), <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_a blank"> </span>então <span class="_7 blank"> </span>por <span class="_a blank"> </span>uma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ba<span class="_6 blank"> </span>se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>fraca <span class="_a blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>po<span class="_7 blank"> </span>r <span class="_a blank"> </span>u<span class="_2 blank"></span>m <span class="_a blank"> </span>ácido <span class="_7 blank"> </span>formado <span class="_a blank"> </span>pela <span class="_7 blank"> </span>rea<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ção </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y4f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">desta <span class="_3 blank"> </span>base <span class="_11 blank"> </span>com <span class="_3 blank"> </span>um ácido <span class="_3 blank"> </span>fo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rte (sal <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ácido <span class="_3 blank"> </span>forte). <span class="_3 blank"> </span>A <span class="_11 blank"> </span>preparação <span class="_3 blank"> </span>desta </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y50 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">solução, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>natureza <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tamponante, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pode <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_a blank"> </span>rea<span class="_6 blank"> </span>lizada <span class="_1 blank"> </span>apenas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pela <span class="_1 blank"> </span>dissolução </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y51 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">dos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>produtos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>em <span class="_4 blank"> </span>água. <span class="_13 blank"> </span>Um <span class="_13 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>sistemas <span class="_13 blank"> </span>tamponantes <span class="_13 blank"> </span>orgânicos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>mais </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y52 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">importantes <span class="_8 blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>está <span class="_8 blank"> </span>prese<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nte <span class="_8 blank"> </span>no <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sangue, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>qual <span class="_8 blank"> </span>permite <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>manutenção </div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:204.950000px;bottom:116.620000px;width:65.230000px;height:14.890000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y53 w3 h8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">da<span class="ls2 ws3">s <span class="_7 blank"> </span>troca<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s <span class="_7 blank"> </span>gasosas <span class="_a blank"> </span>sem <span class="_7 blank"> </span>grande <span class="_a blank"> </span>alteração <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>seu<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pH, <span class="_a blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>possu<span class="_6 blank"> </span>i <span class="_7 blank"> </span>valor <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>7,4. </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y55 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">O <span class="_7 blank"> </span>principal <span class="_7 blank"> </span>responsável <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tamponamento <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sa<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ngue <span class="_7 blank"> </span>está <span class="_7 blank"> </span>no <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>quilíbrio <span class="_6 blank"> </span>entre </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y56 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">o ácido carbônico e seu íon, o bicarbonato.<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y57 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">10<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Cite tampões biológicos e onde atuam? </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y58 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Bicarbonato - sangue </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y59 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws6">He<span class="ls2 ws3">moglobinas <span class="ff3 ws7">\u2013</span> exclusivo das hemácias </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y5a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Fosfatos <span class="ff3 ls0">\u2013</span> plasma, liquido intracelular e nos túbulos renais </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y5b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Proteínas <span class="ff3 ls0">\u2013</span> concentração elevada no interior das células </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y5c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y5d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">11<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>A<span class="_2 blank"></span>minoácidos pode<span class="_6 blank"> </span>m agir como substâncias tampão? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y5f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Sim, <span class="_c blank"> </span>os <span class="_b blank"> </span>aminoácidos <span class="_c blank"> </span>em <span class="_b blank"> </span>solução <span class="_c blank"> </span>aquosa <span class="_b blank"> </span>são <span class="_c blank"> </span>ionizado<span class="_7 blank"> </span>s <span class="_c blank"> </span>e <span class="_c blank"> </span>po<span class="_6 blank"> </span>dem <span class="_c blank"> </span>agir </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y60 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">como ácidos e bases. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y61 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y62 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">12<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Qual a importância da agua para a atividade enzimática? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y63 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws3"> <span class="ff1 ls2 v1">A agua <span class="_d blank"> </span>fa<span class="_6 blank"> </span>z <span class="_d blank"> </span>aumen<span class="_6 blank"> </span>tar <span class="_d blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ção <span class="_d blank"> </span>das <span class="_0 blank"> </span>enzimas, <span class="_0 blank"> </span>proporciona <span class="_0 blank"> </span>o <span class="_0 blank"> </span>equilíbrio </span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y64 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">térmico, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>beneficia <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>respiração, <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>circulação <span class="_a blank"> </span>sanguínea<span class="_6 blank"> </span>, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>digestão <span class="_1 blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y65 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">alimentos, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>absorção <span class="_6 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_a blank"> </span>nutrient<span class="_2 blank"></span>es <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>excreção <span class="_7 blank"> </span>depois <span class="_7 blank"> </span>da <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>gua. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Não </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y66 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">há <span class="_8 blank"> </span>atividade <span class="_10 blank"> </span>enzimática <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sem <span class="_8 blank"> </span>água. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Além <span class="_8 blank"> </span>disso, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>determinadas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>enz<span class="_2 blank"></span>imas </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y67 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">pedem determinados intervalos de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>pH. O pH de u<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ma solução é <span class="_6 blank"> </span>resultado </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y68 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">da <span class="_1 blank"> </span>liberação <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>cátions <span class="_a blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>hidrogênio <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(H+) <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>â<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nions <span class="_1 blank"> </span>hidroxila <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(OH<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-) <span class="_1 blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y69 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">ácidos e bases em solução aquosa. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y6a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y6b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">13<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Identifique <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o <span class="_11 blank"> </span>ponto <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_11 blank"> </span>equivalência, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>zona <span class="_11 blank"> </span>tamponante. <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Oque </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">aconteceria <span class="_15 blank"> </span>se <span class="_15 blank"> </span>adicionássemos <span class="_15 blank"> </span>con<span class="_2 blank"></span>centrações <span class="_15 blank"> </span>exacerbadas <span class="_15 blank"> </span>de<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">ácido nesta solução? </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y6e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">E <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o loca<span class="_6 blank"> </span>l estabilizado, ou<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>seja, onde o<span class="_6 blank"> </span> pH <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estabilizou graças <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_6 blank"> </span>tampão <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ao qual </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y6f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">possui <span class="_12 blank"> </span>essa <span class="_b blank"> </span>f<span class="_6 blank"> </span>unção, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>diminuir <span class="_12 blank"> </span>as <span class="_12 blank"> </span>v<span class="_2 blank"></span>ariações <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>pH <span class="_b blank"> </span>no organismo, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>n<span class="_2 blank"></span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>qual <span class="_b blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y70 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">prejudicial. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y71 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y72 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">14<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Qual a estrutura geral de um aminoácido? </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h3 y73 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y74 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y75 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="c xa y76 w4 h9"><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y77 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Estrutura <span class="_4 blank"> </span>geral <span class="ls0 ws0">dos<span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ls2 ws3"> aminoácidos envolve <span class="_11 blank"> </span>um <span class="_4 blank"> </span>grupo </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y78 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">amina <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>um <span class="_4 blank"> </span>grupo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>carbóxilo, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>ambos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>ligados <span class="_4 blank"> </span>ao </div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y79 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">carbono <span class="_1 blank"> </span>\u03b1 <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>primeiro <span class="_1 blank"> </span>depois <span class="_1 blank"> </span>do <span class="_1 blank"> </span>grupo <span class="_1 blank"> </span>carbóxilo). <span class="_a blank"> </span>O<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y7a ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">carbono <span class="_6 blank"> </span>\u03b1 <span class="_7 blank"> </span>também <span class="_6 blank"> </span>é <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ligado <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>um <span class="_6 blank"> </span>h<span class="_6 blank"> </span>idrogénio <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x8 h2 y7b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">cadeia lateral, que é representada pela letra R.<span class="ff4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h5 y7c ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb y7d w5 hb" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">15<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Qual a função do N na síntese de AA<span class="_2 blank"></span>? Qual s<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ua origem? </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">O <span class="_7 blank"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>componente <span class="_7 blank"> </span>fundamenta<span class="_6 blank"> </span>l <span class="_6 blank"> </span>para <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>síntese <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>a<span class="_2 blank"></span>minoácidos.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>São </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y7f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">blocos <span class="_16 blank"> </span>construtores <span class="_e blank"> </span>das <span class="_16 blank"> </span>Proteínas <span class="_e blank"> </span>e <span class="_16 blank"> </span>outras <span class="_e blank"> </span>moléculas <span class="_16 blank"> </span>importantes: </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y80 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Nucleotídeos, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Neurotransmissores, <span class="_a blank"> </span>Porfirinas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Compostos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>nitrogenados.<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>O <span class="_a blank"> </span>N </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y81 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">tem <span class="_0 blank"> </span>como <span class="_f blank"> </span>origem: <span class="_f blank"> </span>Vegetais <span class="_0 blank"> </span>e <span class="_f blank"> </span>bactérias <span class="_f blank"> </span>sintetizam <span class="_0 blank"> </span>todos <span class="_f blank"> </span>os <span class="_0 blank"> </span>AA<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"> </span>(An<span class="_6 blank"> </span>imais<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y82 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">sintetizam somente os não <span class="_d blank"> </span>essenciais), grupo<span class="_6 blank"> </span> amina <span class="ff3 ls0">\u2013</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>da amônia, cadeia </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y83 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">carbônica <span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls0">\u2013</span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>precursores <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>carboidratos, <span class="_c blank"> </span>nitrogênio <span class="_c blank"> </span>vem <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_c blank"> </span>N2 <span class="_c blank"> </span>atmosférico, </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y84 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">onde <span class="_7 blank"> </span>por <span class="_7 blank"> </span>reações <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>fiação <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>assim<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ilação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>convertem <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_7 blank"> </span>amônia <span class="_6 blank"> </span>(glu<span class="_7 blank"> </span>tamato </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y85 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">e glutamina)<span class="ls5">. </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yb ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">16<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Quantos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>AA <span class="_4 blank"> </span>exis<span class="_6 blank"> </span>tem? <span class="_13 blank"> </span>Sintetizamos <span class="_13 blank"> </span>todos? <span class="_13 blank"> </span>Se <span class="_13 blank"> </span>não <span class="_4 blank"> </span>cite <span class="_13 blank"> </span>todos </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y86 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">separando por sintetizados e não sintetizados. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y87 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Na <span class="_a blank"> </span>natureza <span class="_7 blank"> </span>existem <span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ls4 ws2">20<span class="_6 blank"> </span></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>tipos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>aminoácidos, <span class="_a blank"> </span>11 <span class="_a blank"> </span>podem <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_a blank"> </span>sintetizados <span class="_a blank"> </span>pelo </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y88 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">organismo h<span class="_6 blank"> </span>umano, 9 <span class="_d blank"> </span>adquiridos pe<span class="_6 blank"> </span>la dieta.<span class="_7 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>Quanto aos <span class="_d blank"> </span>aminoácidos não </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y89 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">essenciais, <span class="_0 blank"> </span>são <span class="_d blank"> </span>aqueles <span class="_0 blank"> </span>que <span class="_0 blank"> </span>o <span class="_0 blank"> </span>nosso <span class="_d blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rganismo <span class="_d blank"> </span>consegue <span class="_0 blank"> </span>produzir, <span class="_d blank"> </span>ma<span class="_6 blank"> </span>is </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y8a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">concretamente, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>n<span class="_6 blank"> </span>osso <span class="_6 blank"> </span>f<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ígado <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sinte<span class="_6 blank"> </span>tiza. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Assim, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>destacamos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>os <span class="_7 blank"> </span>seguintes: </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y8b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">alanina, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>ácido <span class="_17 blank"> </span>aspártico, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>ácido <span class="_17 blank"> </span>glutâmico, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>cisteí<span class="_2 blank"></span>na, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>glicina, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>glutamina,<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y8c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">hidroxiprolina, prolina, serina e tirosina. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y8d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Os aminoácidos não essenciais são também necessários para o funcionamento </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y8e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">do <span class="_c blank"> </span>organismo, <span class="_c blank"> </span>mas <span class="_c blank"> </span>podem <span class="_c blank"> </span>ser <span class="_10 blank"> </span>sint<span class="_6 blank"> </span>etizados <span class="_10 blank"> </span>in <span class="_c blank"> </span>vi<span class="_6 blank"> </span>vo <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>pa<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rtir <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>determinados </div><div class="t m0 x0 h7 y8f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws7">metabolitos<span class="fs2 ls7 ws3 v3">. <span class="_10 blank"> </span></span><span class="ws3">Existem <span class="_10 blank"> </span>aminoácidos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>não-essenciais <span class="_10 blank"> </span>que <span class="_10 blank"> </span>são <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ssenciais <span class="_10 blank"> </span>apenas </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y90 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">em <span class="_0 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span>terminadas <span class="_0 blank"> </span>situações <span class="_f blank"> </span>patológicas <span class="_0 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_f blank"> </span>em <span class="_0 blank"> </span>organismos <span class="_0 blank"> </span>jovens <span class="_f blank"> </span>ou <span class="_0 blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y91 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">desenvolvimento. A<span class="_2 blank"></span> e<span class="_2 blank"></span>stes conv<span class="_2 blank"></span>encionou<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-se <span class="_12 blank"> </span>a desig<span class="_2 blank"></span>nação "condi<span class="_2 blank"></span>cionalmente </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y92 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">essenciais" Ex: Alanina, Asparagina, Aspartato, Glutamato e serina </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y93 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y94 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">17<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>O <span class="_d blank"> </span>que é<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>regulação alostérica? <span class="_d blank"> </span>Em quais <span class="_d blank"> </span>biomoléculas <span class="_0 blank"> </span>podemos </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y95 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">observar esta atividade regulatória? </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y96 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y97 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Regulação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>alostérica <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls0">\u2013</span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>É <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>f<span class="_6 blank"> </span>orma <span class="_6 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_6 blank"> </span>rápida <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>regulação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>específica <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y98 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">apenas <span class="_a blank"> </span>determinadas <span class="_a blank"> </span>enzimas, <span class="_a blank"> </span>as <span class="_a blank"> </span>c<span class="_2 blank"></span>hamadas <span class="_a blank"> </span>enzimas <span class="_a blank"> </span>regulatórias. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Est<span class="_2 blank"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y99 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">forma <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>regulação <span class="_11 blank"> </span>requer <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>presença <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>oléculas <span class="_11 blank"> </span>(moduladores<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">alostéricos) <span class="_10 blank"> </span>que <span class="_10 blank"> </span>vão <span class="_10 blank"> </span>interactuar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>com <span class="_10 blank"> </span>as <span class="_10 blank"> </span>enzimas, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>levando <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>lterações </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">estruturais <span class="_3 blank"> </span>que <span class="_11 blank"> </span>podem <span class="_3 blank"> </span>tornar <span class="_3 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>en<span class="_6 blank"> </span>zima <span class="_f blank"> </span>m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ais <span class="_3 blank"> </span>rápida <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_11 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_3 blank"> </span>lenta </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">(moduladores positivos e negativos, respectiv<span class="_2 blank"></span>amente).<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">No <span class="_18 blank"> </span>caso <span class="_18 blank"> </span>da treonina deaminase, a ligação <span class="ls4">da </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">molécula reguladora (isoleucin<span class="ls0 ws0">a)</span> inibe a <span class="_d blank"> </span>atividade enzimática. Em <span class="_d blank"> </span>outros </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y9f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">casos, moléculas <span class="_19 blank"> </span>regulatórias podem <span class="_6 blank"> </span>servir <span class="_19 blank"> </span>como ativadores, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ya0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">estimulando, em vez de inibir <span class="ls0">a </span>enzima alvo. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 ya2 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">18<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>A<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>peptidiltra<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nsferase <span class="_a blank"> </span>é <span class="_a blank"> </span>especializada <span class="_a blank"> </span>em? <span class="_a blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>Ela <span class="_a blank"> </span>atua <span class="_a blank"> </span>em <span class="_a blank"> </span>L- <span class="_1 blank"> </span>AA<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>ou <span class="_a blank"> </span>D-</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya3 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">AA? Explique estas siglas L e D de acordo com a quiralidade. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya4 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya5 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ya6 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb ya7 w5 hc" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">19<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Quais as classificações dos aminoácidos? </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Em função das propriedades do radical, podem ser: Aminoácidos apolares </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 ya8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Aminoácidos polares: radicais neutros, radicais ácidos<span class="ls8">, <span class="_6 blank"> </span></span>radicais básicos </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 ya9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Do <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ponto <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>vista <span class="_3 blank"> </span>nutricional:<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>A<span class="_6 blank"> </span>minoácidos <span class="_f blank"> </span>essenciais<span class="ls5">/ <span class="_3 blank"> </span></span>Aminoácidos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>não<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-</div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yaa ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">essenciais </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yab ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">20<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Descreva o que são AA<span class="_2 blank"></span> polares, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>apolares. </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yac ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Aminoácidos <span class="_15 blank"> </span>apolares: <span class="_15 blank"> </span>Apresentam <span class="_1a blank"> </span>grupos <span class="_15 blank"> </span>químicos <span class="_15 blank"> </span>de <span class="_15 blank"> </span>hidrocarbonetos </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yad ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">apolares ou h<span class="_6 blank"> </span>idrocarbonetos modificados, exceto a glicina (<span class="_6 blank"> </span>que possui um </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yae ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">átomo de hidrogénio como cadeia lateral). São hidrófobos </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yaf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Aminoácidos <span class="_d blank"> </span>polares <span class="_0 blank"> </span>neutros: <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Apresentam <span class="_d blank"> </span>grupos <span class="_0 blank"> </span>químicos <span class="_d blank"> </span>que <span class="_d blank"> </span>te<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ndem <span class="_d blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yb0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">formar ligações de hidrogénio. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yb1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yb2 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">21<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Do ponto de vista nutricional podemos classificar os <span class="_6 blank"> </span>AA<span class="_2 blank"></span> em? </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yb3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Do <span class="_c blank"> </span>ponto<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>vista <span class="_c blank"> </span>nu<span class="_6 blank"> </span>tricional, <span class="_c blank"> </span>dua<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s <span class="_c blank"> </span>categorias <span class="_c blank"> </span>fo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ram <span class="_c blank"> </span>inicialmente <span class="_c blank"> </span>propostas: </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yb4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">aminoácidos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>essenciais <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>não<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-essenciais, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sendo <span class="_8 blank"> </span>essenciais <span class="_8 blank"> </span>aqueles <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>não </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yb5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">podem <span class="_1b blank"> </span>ser <span class="_1b blank"> </span>sintetizados <span class="_13 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_1b blank"> </span>organismo <span class="_1b blank"> </span>animal <span class="_1b blank"> </span>a <span class="_13 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>artir <span class="_13 blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1b blank"> </span>substâncias </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yb6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">disponíveis <span class="_1 blank"> </span>para <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as <span class="_1 blank"> </span>células <span class="_1 blank"> </span>em <span class="_1 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_1 blank"> </span>velocidade <span class="_1 blank"> </span>proporcional <span class="_a blank"> </span>à <span class="_1 blank"> </span>demanda <span class="_1 blank"> </span>para </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 yb7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">atender ao crescimento normal.<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yb8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">22<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>O Que é Zwitterion? </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yb9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">E <span class="_a blank"> </span>um <span class="_7 blank"> </span>composto <span class="_a blank"> </span>químico <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>letricamente <span class="_7 blank"> </span>n<span class="_6 blank"> </span>eutro, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>mas <span class="_a blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ossui <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rgas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>opostas </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yba ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">em <span class="_6 blank"> </span>diferentes átomos. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>termo é <span class="_6 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_6 blank"> </span>utilizado em <span class="_6 blank"> </span>compostos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>que aprese<span class="_7 blank"> </span>ntam </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 ybb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">essa <span class="_a blank"> </span>carg<span class="_2 blank"></span>as <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>m <span class="_a blank"> </span>át<span class="_2 blank"></span>omos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>não<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-adjacentes. Podem <span class="_a blank"> </span>se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>comportar <span class="_a blank"> </span>como <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ácidos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 ybc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">bases, portanto são anfóteros.<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 ybd ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">23<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Descreva como ocorre a ligação peptídica. </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 ybe ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A união <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estabelecida entre dois<span class="_6 blank"> </span> aminoácidos adjacentes n<span class="_6 blank"> </span>uma molécula recebe </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 ybf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">o <span class="_a blank"> </span>nome <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de ligação <span class="_a blank"> </span>peptídica. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Esse <span class="_a blank"> </span>tipo <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>ligação <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ocorre <span class="_a blank"> </span>sempre <span class="_a blank"> </span>por <span class="_a blank"> </span>m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>eio <span class="_a blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 yc0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">reação entre o grupo amina de um aminoácido e o grupo carboxila do outro.<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yc1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">24<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Observando os AA<span class="_2 blank"></span> ligue <span class="_6 blank"> </span>os e descreva a ligação peptídica. </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h3 yc2 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> <span class="_1c blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 yc3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">As <span class="_c blank"> </span>m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>oléculas <span class="_b blank"> </span>que <span class="_c blank"> </span>se <span class="_b blank"> </span>fo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rmam <span class="_c blank"> </span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>parte <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>ligação <span class="_c blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_c blank"> </span>aminoácido, <span class="_b blank"> </span>são </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 yc4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">conhecidas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>como <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ligações <span class="_10 blank"> </span>peptídicas. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Logo <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s <span class="_10 blank"> </span>aminoácidos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>compõem </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 yc5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">um dipeptídeos, três formam tripeptideo e assim por diante. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 yc6 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yc7 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">25<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Qual <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>classificação dos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>peptídeos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>acordo com <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>quantidade <span class="_6 blank"> </span>dos </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yc8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">mesmos? </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yc9 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yca ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">De <span class="_f blank"> </span>acordo <span class="_f blank"> </span>com <span class="_f blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span>número <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>aminoácidos <span class="_f blank"> </span>que <span class="_f blank"> </span>possuem, <span class="_f blank"> </span>podemos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ycb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">classificá-los <span class="_1d blank"> </span>em <span class="ff2 ws7">dipeptídeos</span>, <span class="_1d blank"> </span>quando <span class="_1d blank"> </span>são <span class="_1e blank"> </span>formados <span class="_1e blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>or <span class="_1e blank"> </span>dois </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ycc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">aminoácidos; <span class="ff2 ws7">tripeptídeos</span>, quando <span class="_1f blank"> </span>são <span class="_1f blank"> </span>formados<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_1f blank"> </span>por </div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:191.540000px;bottom:359.520000px;width:54.530000px;height:22.900000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:254.120000px;bottom:321.740000px;width:71.870000px;height:14.890000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:197.540000px;bottom:283.960000px;width:37.190000px;height:22.890000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x1 ycd w6 hd" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">três; <span class="ff2 ws7">tetrapeptídeos</span>, <span class="_b blank"> </span>quando <span class="_12 blank"> </span>sã<span class="_2 blank"></span>o <span class="_b blank"> </span>formados <span class="_b blank"> </span>por <span class="_b blank"> </span>quatro <span class="_b blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>minoácidos, <span class="_b blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y55 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">assim <span class="_1 blank"> </span>por <span class="_8 blank"> </span>diante. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Quando <span class="_1 blank"> </span>temos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>vários <span class="_1 blank"> </span>aminoácidos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ligados, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>usamos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yce ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">denominação <span class="ff2">polipeptídeo. </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ycf ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yd0 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">26<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Como <span class="_10 blank"> </span>as <span class="_10 blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>enzimas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>diferem <span class="_10 blank"> </span>entre <span class="_10 blank"> </span>si <span class="_10 blank"> </span>se<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>as<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>mesmas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>são </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yd1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">compostas pelos mesmos AA<span class="_2 blank"></span>?<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yd2 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Diferenciam <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pela <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sequência <span class="_1 blank"> </span>genética <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>provoca <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>enrolamento <span class="_8 blank"> </span>numa </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">estrutura tridimensional especifica que determina uma atividade </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yd6 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">27<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Oque são proteínas? </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yaf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">As <span class="_b blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>sã<span class="_2 blank"></span>o <span class="_b blank"> </span>macromoléculas <span class="_b blank"> </span>presentes <span class="_b blank"> </span>nas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>célul<span class="_2 blank"></span>as <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>pr<span class="_2 blank"></span>aticamente </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yd7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">todo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>corpo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>humano. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Elas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>são <span class="_7 blank"> </span>responsáveis <span class="_7 blank"> </span>por <span class="_7 blank"> </span>inúmeras <span class="_7 blank"> </span>funções, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>como <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yd8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">crescimento <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>unhas <span class="_c blank"> </span>e <span class="_c blank"> </span>cabelos, <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>reposição <span class="_c blank"> </span>da <span class="_c blank"> </span>pele <span class="_c blank"> </span>e <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_c blank"> </span>construç<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ã<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yd9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">músculos. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y10 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">28<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Qual a funcionalidade das proteínas no organismo? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yda ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ydb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">As <span class="_10 blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_c blank"> </span>são <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_10 blank"> </span>extrema <span class="_c blank"> </span>importância <span class="_10 blank"> </span>para <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>nosso <span class="_10 blank"> </span>organismo <span class="_10 blank"> </span>por </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ydc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">sua <span class="_13 blank"> </span>fu<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nção <span class="_1b blank"> </span>construt<span class="_2 blank"></span>ora <span class="_1b blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>reparadora. <span class="_1b blank"> </span>Elas <span class="_13 blank"> </span>também <span class="_1b blank"> </span>participam <span class="_13 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ydd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">formação <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_4 blank"> </span>hormônios, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>enzimas <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_11 blank"> </span>anticorpos. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Co<span class="_2 blank"></span>m <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>stes <span class="_4 blank"> </span>poucos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y26 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">exemplos, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>já <span class="_6 blank"> </span>se <span class="_6 blank"> </span>pode <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ter um<span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ideia <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do quan<span class="_6 blank"> </span>to elas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sã<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_6 blank"> </span>indispensáveis ao </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yde ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">nosso organismo. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ydf ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 ye0 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">29<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Oque determina o caráter anfótero das proteínas? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ye1 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Por <span class="_a blank"> </span>apresentarem <span class="_a blank"> </span>u<span class="_2 blank"></span>m <span class="_a blank"> </span>grupo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>á<span class="_6 blank"> </span>cido <span class="_a blank"> </span>outro <span class="_7 blank"> </span>bá<span class="_6 blank"> </span>sico, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s <span class="_a blank"> </span>aminoácidos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>reagem </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">tanto <span class="_20 blank"> </span>como <span class="_20 blank"> </span>bases <span class="_21 blank"> </span>minerais <span class="_20 blank"> </span>como <span class="_20 blank"> </span>por <span class="_21 blank"> </span>ácidos<span class="_7 blank"> </span> <span class="_21 blank"> </span>mine<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rais, <span class="_21 blank"> </span>eles <span class="_20 blank"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">apresentam na forma de sais, pelo fato de haver uma neutrali<span class="_2 blank"></span>zação </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">intermolecular, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>este <span class="_10 blank"> </span>fato <span class="_10 blank"> </span>explicito <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o <span class="_10 blank"> </span>estado <span class="_10 blank"> </span>solido <span class="_10 blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>minoácidos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">solubilidade em agua. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 ye8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">30<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>O que é ponto isoelétrico? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ye9 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yea ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">O <span class="_0 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>onto <span class="_0 blank"> </span>onde <span class="_f blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rga <span class="_0 blank"> </span>líquida <span class="_f blank"> </span>total <span class="_0 blank"> </span>da <span class="_0 blank"> </span>m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>olécula <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_0 blank"> </span>aminoácido <span class="_f blank"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yeb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">proteína <span class="_4 blank"> </span>é <span class="_4 blank"> </span>nula <span class="_11 blank"> </span>é <span class="_4 blank"> </span>tão <span class="_4 blank"> </span>importante, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>que <span class="_4 blank"> </span>recebeu <span class="_4 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_11 blank"> </span>denominação </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yec ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">especial. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Assim, <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_a blank"> </span>valor <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>pH <span class="_a blank"> </span>o<span class="_2 blank"></span>nde <span class="_a blank"> </span>existe <span class="_a blank"> </span>equiv<span class="_2 blank"></span>alência <span class="_a blank"> </span>entre <span class="_a blank"> </span>as <span class="_a blank"> </span>cargas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yed ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">positivas e negativas da molécula é denominado ponto isoelétrico<span class="_6 blank"> </span>. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yee ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yef ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Um <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>fato<span class="_6 blank"> </span>res <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>influencia <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>solubilidade <span class="_10 blank"> </span>é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ponto <span class="_8 blank"> </span>isoe<span class="_6 blank"> </span>létrico, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">pode <span class="_b blank"> </span>ser <span class="_b blank"> </span>definido <span class="_b blank"> </span>como<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>valor <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_b blank"> </span>pH <span class="_b blank"> </span>onde <span class="_b blank"> </span>uma <span class="_b blank"> </span>molécula <span class="_b blank"> </span>apresenta </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">carga <span class="_a blank"> </span>elétrica <span class="_a blank"> </span>l<span class="_6 blank"> </span>íquida <span class="_a blank"> </span>igual <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>zero. <span class="_a blank"> </span>O <span class="_a blank"> </span>pI <span class="_1 blank"> </span>é <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pH <span class="_a blank"> </span>no <span class="_a blank"> </span>qual <span class="_1 blank"> </span>há <span class="_a blank"> </span>um <span class="_1 blank"> </span>equilíbri<span class="_2 blank"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 ha yf2 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">entre <span class="_8 blank"> </span>as <span class="_10 blank"> </span>cargas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>negativ<span class="_2 blank"></span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>po<span class="_6 blank"> </span>sitivas, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>fazendo <span class="_8 blank"> </span>com <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>\u201ccarga <span class="_8 blank"> </span>final\u201d </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">seja <span class="_10 blank"> </span>igual <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>zero. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Em <span class="_10 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>H <span class="_10 blank"> </span>distinto <span class="_10 blank"> </span>do <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ponto <span class="_8 blank"> </span>isoe<span class="_6 blank"> </span>létrico, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>as <span class="_10 blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>se </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">repelem, têm cargas líquidas e podem interagir com a água, sendo, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">assim, mais solúveis em água. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x2 yf7 w7 he" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y55 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">31<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>O <span class="_12 blank"> </span>que <span class="_12 blank"> </span>determina <span class="_12 blank"> </span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>solubilidade <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_b blank"> </span>proteína<span class="_6 blank"> </span>? <span class="_12 blank"> </span>Ou <span class="_12 blank"> </span>seja <span class="_12 blank"> </span>quais </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yce ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">estes fatores? </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ycf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Quando <span class="_a blank"> </span>se <span class="_a blank"> </span>quer <span class="_a blank"> </span>representar <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>solubilidade <span class="_7 blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_a blank"> </span>uma <span class="_a blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_a blank"> </span>função </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>seu <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pH, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>geralmente, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tem<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-<span class="ff3">se <span class="_7 blank"> </span>curvas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>em <span class="_7 blank"> </span>forma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>\u201cU\u201d. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Neste<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s <span class="_6 blank"> </span>casos, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">solubilidade <span class="_3 blank"> </span>mínima <span class="_f blank"> </span>co<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rresponde <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_3 blank"> </span>pH <span class="_3 blank"> </span>que <span class="_3 blank"> </span>coincide <span class="_3 blank"> </span>com <span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="_3 blank"> </span>ponto </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">isoelétrico. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Outro <span class="_1 blank"> </span>fator <span class="_1 blank"> </span>que <span class="_1 blank"> </span>influencia <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>solubilidade <span class="_1 blank"> </span>das <span class="_1 blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>é <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tem<span class="_6 blank"> </span>peratura. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Temperaturas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>0ºC <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>40ºC <span class="_8 blank"> </span>são <span class="_8 blank"> </span>capazes <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>aumentar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>solubilidade.<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">No <span class="_b blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ntanto, <span class="_b blank"> </span>se <span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>temperatura <span class="_b blank"> </span>passar <span class="_b blank"> </span>disso, <span class="_b blank"> </span>co<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rre <span class="_b blank"> </span>outro <span class="_b blank"> </span>efeito<span class="_6 blank"> </span>, <span class="_b blank"> </span>já <span class="_12 blank"> </span>dito<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">anteriormente aqui, a Desnaturação. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yfa ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">32<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Qual a classificação das proteínas? </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yd8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Se <span class="_11 blank"> </span>classificam <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de <span class="_11 blank"> </span>diferentes <span class="_11 blank"> </span>formas: <span class="_11 blank"> </span>levando <span class="_11 blank"> </span>em <span class="_11 blank"> </span>conta <span class="_11 blank"> </span>sua <span class="_11 blank"> </span>composição </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yd9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">química, estrutura, funções e a solubilidade em diferentes dissolventes. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yfb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yfc ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">33<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>De acordo com as classificações acima descreva e de exemplos de: </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yfd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Proteínas <span class="_c blank"> </span>simples: <span class="_c blank"> </span>São <span class="_c blank"> </span>aquelas <span class="_c blank"> </span>que <span class="_c blank"> </span>ao <span class="_c blank"> </span>se <span class="_c blank"> </span>h<span class="_6 blank"> </span>idrolizarem <span class="_c blank"> </span>(se <span class="_c blank"> </span>degradarem) <span class="_10 blank"> </span>só </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y8d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">produzem aminoácidos </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yfe ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Proteínas <span class="_15 blank"> </span>conjugadas: <span class="_15 blank"> </span>São <span class="_15 blank"> </span>aquelas <span class="_15 blank"> </span>que <span class="_15 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_15 blank"> </span>se<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>hidrolizarem, <span class="_1b blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>roduzem<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 yff ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">aminoácidos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_c blank"> </span>outros <span class="_10 blank"> </span>compostos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rgânicos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ino<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rgânicos. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Estas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>podem<span class="_7 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>ser: </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y100 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">metalproteínas, nucleoproteínas e fosfoproteínas. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y101 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Cadeias <span class="_b blank"> </span>monoméricas: <span class="_b blank"> </span>São <span class="_b blank"> </span>f<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ormadas <span class="_b blank"> </span>por <span class="_b blank"> </span>apenas <span class="_b blank"> </span>uma <span class="_12 blank"> </span>cadeia <span class="_c blank"> </span>polipeptídica. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y102 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Exemplos: Mioglobina, albumina, caseína, etc. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y6b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Cadeias <span class="_7 blank"> </span>oligoméricas: <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sã<span class="_6 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>formadas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>por <span class="_6 blank"> </span>m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ais <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>um<span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>cadeia <span class="_6 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>olipeptídica <span class="_6 blank"> </span>n<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ão </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y6c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">interligadas <span class="_a blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>or <span class="_a blank"> </span>ligação <span class="_1 blank"> </span>covalente. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Como <span class="_a blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>xemplos <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_a blank"> </span>oligoméricas, </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y6d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">temos: a hemoglobina, enzimas alostéricas, etc. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y6e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Proteínas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>globulares: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Estão <span class="_8 blank"> </span>formadas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>por <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ligações <span class="_1 blank"> </span>polipeptídicas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ad<span class="_6 blank"> </span>otam </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y6f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">uma <span class="_1 blank"> </span>f<span class="_6 blank"> </span>orma <span class="_8 blank"> </span>esférica. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Por <span class="_8 blank"> </span>exemplo: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>enzimas, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>an<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ticorpos, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>hormônio<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>A <span class="_1 blank"> </span>m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>aioria </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y103 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">das <span class="_11 blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_11 blank"> </span>que <span class="_4 blank"> </span>v<span class="_2 blank"></span>ocê <span class="_11 blank"> </span>conhece <span class="_11 blank"> </span>pertencem <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ste <span class="_11 blank"> </span>tipo. <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Desempenham </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y104 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">funções <span class="_17 blank"> </span>estruturais <span class="_17 blank"> </span>e <span class="_17 blank"> </span>mecânicas, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>agindo <span class="_17 blank"> </span>como: <span class="_22 blank"> </span>Enzimas, <span class="_17 blank"> </span>hormônios, </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y105 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Imunoglobulinas <span class="_23 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_23 blank"> </span>anticorpos, <span class="_24 blank"> </span>Proteínas <span class="_24 blank"> </span>de <span class="_23 blank"> </span>reserva, <span class="_23 blank"> </span>Proteínas </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y106 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">transportadoras <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1b blank"> </span>triglicérides, <span class="_13 blank"> </span>ácidos <span class="_1b blank"> </span>graxos <span class="_1b blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>oxigênio <span class="_1b blank"> </span>no <span class="_13 blank"> </span>sangue <span class="_13 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y107 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Proteínas transportadoras e receptores de membrana. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y108 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y109 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Proteínas <span class="_e blank"> </span>fibrosas: <span class="_25 blank"> </span>São <span class="_e blank"> </span>aquelas <span class="_25 blank"> </span>que <span class="_e blank"> </span>estão <span class="_25 blank"> </span>fo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rmadas <span class="_25 blank"> </span>por <span class="_e blank"> </span>ligações </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y10a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">polipeptídicas, <span class="_a blank"> </span>formando <span class="_a blank"> </span>estruturas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>compactas <span class="_a blank"> </span>chamadas <span class="_a blank"> </span>fibras. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Por <span class="_a blank"> </span>exemplo: </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y10b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A <span class="_26 blank"> </span>fibroína, <span class="_26 blank"> </span>o <span class="_26 blank"> </span>colágeno, <span class="_27 blank"> </span>a <span class="_26 blank"> </span>queratina <span class="_26 blank"> </span>e <span class="_26 blank"> </span>a <span class="_28 blank"> </span>elastina. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y10c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y10d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">34<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span><span class="ff1 ls3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">A<span class="_2 blank"></span> função da proteína depende da sua conformação? Explique? </span></span></span></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:231.740000px;bottom:607.260000px;width:79.210000px;height:14.900000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x2 y10e w7 hf" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Sim, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>A <span class="_a blank"> </span>conform<span class="_2 blank"></span>ação <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é <span class="_7 blank"> </span>um<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>arranjo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>special <span class="_7 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>átom<span class="_6 blank"> </span>os <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>proteína. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y55 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Se sua estrutura muda, sua conformação também mudará </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yce ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 ycf ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">35<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Oque são proteínas desordenadas? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yd0 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">São <span class="_d blank"> </span>proteínas caracterizados <span class="_d blank"> </span>por <span class="_d blank"> </span>não exibirem<span class="_6 blank"> </span> uma <span class="_d blank"> </span>formação n<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ativa </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">única </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yd3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yd4 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">36<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>De <span class="_a blank"> </span>acordo <span class="_a blank"> </span>c<span class="_6 blank"> </span>om <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rquitetura <span class="_a blank"> </span>proteica, <span class="_a blank"> </span>podemos <span class="_a blank"> </span>ter <span class="_1 blank"> </span>quatro <span class="_a blank"> </span>arranjos </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yd5 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">dimensionais. Descreva-os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yf8 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Estrutura <span class="_7 blank"> </span>primá<span class="_6 blank"> </span>r<span class="ls6 ws6">ia</span>: <span class="_a blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>sequência <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>aminoácidos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>roteínas, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>unidos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y10f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">por ligações peptídicas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y110 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Estrutura <span class="_11 blank"> </span>secundár<span class="ls6 ws6">ia</span>: <span class="_3 blank"> </span>são<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>os <span class="_11 blank"> </span>arranjos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>regulares <span class="_3 blank"> </span>(conformações) <span class="_3 blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y111 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">regiões <span class="_1 blank"> </span>localizadas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>cadeia <span class="_1 blank"> </span>poliptídica <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>x., <span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls5">\u03b1\u03b1 <span class="_1 blank"> </span></span>-hélice <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>folha <span class="_1 blank"> </span>\u03b2\u03b2 </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y112 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">pregueada </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y113 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Estrutura T<span class="_6 blank"> </span>erciaria: é<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o arranjo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>tridimensional d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>os átomo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>s em <span class="_6 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_6 blank"> </span>cadeia </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y114 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">polipeptíca </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y115 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> Estrutura q<span class="_2 blank"></span>uaternária: <span class="_12 blank"> </span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>associação <span class="_12 blank"> </span>das <span class="_12 blank"> </span>cadei<span class="_2 blank"></span>as <span class="_12 blank"> </span>polipeptídicas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>para<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y116 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">formar uma proteína funciona </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y26 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">37<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Como e determinada a conformação da estrutura secundária? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yde ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ydf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span>strutura <span class="_1 blank"> </span>secundária <span class="_1 blank"> </span>refe<span class="_6 blank"> </span>re-se <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>motivos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>simples, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que <span class="_1 blank"> </span>se <span class="_8 blank"> </span>repetem <span class="_1 blank"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">maior <span class="_12 blank"> </span>parte <span class="_b blank"> </span>das <span class="_b blank"> </span>proteínas, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>sendo <span class="_b blank"> </span>as <span class="_12 blank"> </span>h<span class="_2 blank"></span>élices <span class="_12 blank"> </span>alfa <span class="_b blank"> </span>e <span class="_12 blank"> </span>as <span class="_b blank"> </span>folhas <span class="_12 blank"> </span>beta <span class="_b blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">motivos mais comuns </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 ye3 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">38<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Como <span class="_25 blank"> </span>pode <span class="_e blank"> </span>ocorrer <span class="_25 blank"> </span>a <span class="_e blank"> </span>desnaturação <span class="_25 blank"> </span>proteica? <span class="_e blank"> </span>quais <span class="_25 blank"> </span>seus </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ye4 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">determinantes? </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 ye5 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Ocorre <span class="_0 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>or <span class="_0 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span>lteração <span class="_0 blank"> </span>do <span class="_f blank"> </span>pH, <span class="_f blank"> </span>temperatura, <span class="_0 blank"> </span>so<span class="_6 blank"> </span>lução <span class="_f blank"> </span>salinas. <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Ocorrem </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye7 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">perdas de suas propriedades enzimáticas, antíg<span class="_2 blank"></span>enos e hormonais.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 ye8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 ye9 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">39<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>De exemplo de uma proteína q pode ser renaturada? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yea ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Proteínas Globulares </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yeb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yec ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">40<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Quais as hidrolises proteicas? </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yed ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Desnaturação proteica </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yee ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yef ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">41<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Defina o processo das Endopeptidases e exopeptidases </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yf0 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">As <span class="_10 blank"> </span>endopeptidases <span class="_10 blank"> </span>agem <span class="_10 blank"> </span>preferencialmente <span class="_10 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>po<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rções <span class="_10 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_10 blank"> </span>internas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">da <span class="_7 blank"> </span>cadeia <span class="_7 blank"> </span>polipeptídicas; <span class="_7 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_7 blank"> </span>contrário <span class="_6 blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>as <span class="_6 blank"> </span>exopeptidases, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>atuam <span class="_6 blank"> </span>nas </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 yf3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">regiões finais da cadeia. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 yf4 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 yf5 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">42<span class="ls2 ws3">- <span class="_14 blank"></span>Qual <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pape<span class="_6 blank"> </span>l <span class="_1 blank"> </span>das <span class="_8 blank"> </span>chaperonas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>na <span class="_8 blank"> </span>preservação <span class="_1 blank"> </span>das <span class="_8 blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>recém<span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y117 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">sintetizadas? </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y118 w8 h10" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Usam energia da hidrolise de ATP para desnovelar proteína, possibilidade novo </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y119 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">enovelamento ou ajudando no enovelamento de novas proteínas. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y11a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A<span class="_2 blank"></span>luna: I<span class="_6 blank"> </span>andra Carine Teixeira Ramos Silv<span class="_2 blank"></span>ério<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y11b ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Á<span class="_2 blank"></span>gua, pH e tampão<span class="_6 blank"> </span> ( Exercícios do Slides) </div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y11c ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9">\uf075<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">1) <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Qua<span class="_6 blank"> </span>l <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>porce<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ntagem <span class="_8 blank"> </span>aproximada <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(em <span class="_8 blank"> </span>massa) <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>água <span class="_8 blank"> </span>no <span class="_8 blank"> </span>corpo </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y11d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">humano? <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Es<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ta <span class="_1 blank"> </span>quantidade<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>água <span class="_8 blank"> </span>é <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>mesma <span class="_8 blank"> </span>para <span class="_8 blank"> </span>indivíduos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y11e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">idades diferentes? </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y11f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A <span class="_6 blank"> </span>porcentagem <span class="_6 blank"> </span>é <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Aproximadamente 7<span class="_6 blank"> </span>0% <span class="_6 blank"> </span>em m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>assa <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>água.<span class="_7 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Não, varia </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y120 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">de <span class="_1b blank"> </span>acordo <span class="_1b blank"> </span>com <span class="_1b blank"> </span>a <span class="_1b blank"> </span>idade: <span class="_1b blank"> </span>indivíduos <span class="_1b blank"> </span>mais <span class="_1b blank"> </span>jovens <span class="_1b blank"> </span>possuem <span class="_1b blank"> </span>maior </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y121 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">quantidade, em massa, de água corporal do que pessoas mais velhas.<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y122 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9">\uf075<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">2) Quais são as principais funções biológicas da água? </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y123 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Solubilização <span class="_0 blank"> </span>de <span class="_0 blank"> </span>biomoléculas, <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Reações <span class="_0 blank"> </span>químicas, <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Homeostase <span class="_f blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls0">\u2013</span> <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Balan<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ço </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y124 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Hídrico, Transporte de nutrientes, Regular a temperatura corporal. </div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y61 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9">\uf075<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">3) <span class="_a blank"> </span>A <span class="_7 blank"> </span>água <span class="_a blank"> </span>é <span class="_a blank"> </span>uma <span class="_a blank"> </span>molécula <span class="_a blank"> </span>polar <span class="_a blank"> </span>ou <span class="_7 blank"> </span>apolar? <span class="_a blank"> </span>Qual <span class="_a blank"> </span>é <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>consequência </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y125 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">desta característica para a função da água como solvente? </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y126 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">E Molécula Polar. Uma<span class="_6 blank"> </span> excelente solvente para substâncias polares </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y127 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">devido a atividade elétrica dos se<span class="_6 blank"> </span>us polos ajudam<span class="_6 blank"> </span> a separar a mistura de </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y128 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">substâncias <span class="_c blank"> </span>(solutos), <span class="_10 blank"> </span>criando <span class="_c blank"> </span>movimento <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_10 blank"> </span>aumen<span class="_6 blank"> </span>tando <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>número <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y129 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">colisões <span class="_1b blank"> </span>a <span class="_15 blank"> </span>nível <span class="_1b blank"> </span>m<span class="_6 blank"> </span>olecular, <span class="_15 blank"> </span>ajudando <span class="_1b blank"> </span>na <span class="_1b blank"> </span>velocidade <span class="_15 blank"> </span>das <span class="_15 blank"> </span>reações<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y12a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">químicas. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Polaridade <span class="_6 blank"> </span>é<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>uma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>das <span class="_a blank"> </span>propriedad<span class="_2 blank"></span>es <span class="_a blank"> </span>da <span class="_7 blank"> </span>água, <span class="_a blank"> </span>por <span class="_7 blank"> </span>isso <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>água </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y12b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">não é solvente para substâncias apolares. </div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y12c ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9">\uf075<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">4) Qual <span class="_12 blank"> </span>tipo <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>polaridade as <span class="_12 blank"> </span>substâncias <span class="_12 blank"> </span>solúv<span class="_2 blank"></span>eis em <span class="_12 blank"> </span>água <span class="_12 blank"> </span>ou </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y12d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">solúveis em gorduras devem ter? </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y12e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A <span class="_a blank"> </span>solúveis <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_a blank"> </span>água <span class="_7 blank"> </span>devem <span class="_a blank"> </span>ser <span class="_a blank"> </span>polares <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pois <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>água <span class="_a blank"> </span>é <span class="_a blank"> </span>p<span class="_2 blank"></span>olar. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Solúv<span class="_2 blank"></span>el <span class="_a blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y17 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">gordura devem ser apolares pois a gordura é apolar.<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y12f ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9">\uf075<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">5) Qual a importância da água para a atividade enzimática? </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y130 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A água <span class="_d blank"> </span>fa<span class="_6 blank"> </span>z <span class="_d blank"> </span>aumen<span class="_6 blank"> </span>tar <span class="_d blank"> </span>a <span class="_0 blank"> </span>ação <span class="_d blank"> </span>das <span class="_0 blank"> </span>enzimas, <span class="_0 blank"> </span>proporciona <span class="_d blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"> </span>equilí<span class="_2 blank"></span>brio </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y131 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">térmico, <span class="_a blank"> </span>b<span class="_6 blank"> </span>eneficia <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>respiração, <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>circulação <span class="_a blank"> </span>sanguínea, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>digestão <span class="_1 blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y9b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">alimentos, a absorção dos nutrientes e a excreção depois da agua. </div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y132 ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9">\uf075<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">6) Porque a regulação de pH é tão importante para os seres vivos? </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y133 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Ao <span class="_21 blank"> </span>regular <span class="_21 blank"> </span>o <span class="_21 blank"> </span>pH <span class="_21 blank"> </span>de<span class="_2 blank"></span>finimos <span class="_21 blank"> </span>se <span class="_21 blank"> </span>algo <span class="_21 blank"> </span>é <span class="_21 blank"> </span>ácido, <span class="_21 blank"> </span>base <span class="_21 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_21 blank"> </span>neutro. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y134 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A <span class="_a blank"> </span>regulação <span class="_a blank"> </span>desse <span class="_a blank"> </span>pH, <span class="_a blank"> </span>é <span class="_a blank"> </span>essencial <span class="_a blank"> </span>para <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>d<span class="_6 blank"> </span>igestão <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_a blank"> </span>um <span class="_a blank"> </span>ser <span class="_a blank"> </span>v<span class="_2 blank"></span>ivo, <span class="_a blank"> </span>por </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y135 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">exemplo. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y136 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Nos <span class="_a blank"> </span>seres <span class="_a blank"> </span>h<span class="_6 blank"> </span>umanos, <span class="_a blank"> </span>temos <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ácido <span class="_a blank"> </span>gástrico, <span class="_a blank"> </span>um <span class="_a blank"> </span>á<span class="_6 blank"> </span>cido <span class="_a blank"> </span>MUITO <span class="_a blank"> </span>baixo <span class="_a blank"> </span>(e </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y137 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">muito <span class="_1 blank"> </span>fo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rte). <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Caso <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>nosso <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ácido <span class="_8 blank"> </span>gástrico <span class="_8 blank"> </span>fosse <span class="_1 blank"> </span>neutro <span class="_8 blank"> </span>(como <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>saliva, </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y138 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">por <span class="_20 blank"> </span>exemplo), <span class="_5 blank"> </span>nós <span class="_21 blank"> </span>não<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_20 blank"> </span>conseguiríamos <span class="_20 blank"> </span>digerir <span class="_20 blank"> </span>vários <span class="_20 blank"> </span>alime<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ntos.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y139 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y13a ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9">\uf075<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">7) Qual a relação do pH sanguíneo e o oxigênio e gás carbônico? </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y13b w3 h11" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/5ee2b029-6071-435b-a75d-8829fb48a1e5/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y54 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A hemácias <span class="_12 blank"> </span>tem com<span class="_2 blank"></span>o função <span class="_12 blank"> </span>transporte <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de gases, <span class="_12 blank"> </span>onde t<span class="_2 blank"></span>em maior<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y55 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">afinidade com o gás carbônico.<span class="_6 blank"> </span> Portanto, o O2 e o CO2 atuam na </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 yce ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">regularização do <span class="_d blank"> </span>PH impedindo que <span class="_d blank"> </span>o sangue f<span class="_6 blank"> </span>ique muito ácido <span class="_d blank"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x6 h2 y13c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">básico </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y13d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y13e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">A<span class="_2 blank"></span>minoácidos <span class="_6 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y13f ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">1- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>Desenhe a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estrutura de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>um tripeptideo, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>esquematizando as ligações </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y140 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">peptídicas, suas extremidades amino e carboxi terminal. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y120 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Esta <span class="_a blank"> </span>ligação <span class="_a blank"> </span>se <span class="_a blank"> </span>fo<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rma <span class="_a blank"> </span>ao <span class="_a blank"> </span>reagir <span class="_a blank"> </span>o <span class="_a blank"> </span>grupo <span class="_1 blank"> </span>alfa-carboxilo <span class="_a blank"> </span>dum <span class="_1 blank"> </span>aminoácido <span class="_a blank"> </span>com <span class="_a blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y141 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">grupo <span class="_c blank"> </span>alfa-amino <span class="_c blank"> </span>do <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o<span class="_6 blank"> </span>utro <span class="_c blank"> </span>aminoácido, <span class="_c blank"> </span>perdendo-se <span class="_c blank"> </span>uma <span class="_c blank"> </span>molécula <span class="_c blank"> </span>de <span class="_c blank"> </span>água. </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y142 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Por exemplo, podem-se unir três aminoácidos para formar um tripeptídeo: </div><div class="t m0 xe h3 y143 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y144 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Os <span class="_d blank"> </span>carbonos <span class="_0 blank"> </span>alfa <span class="_0 blank"> </span>de <span class="_d blank"> </span>cada <span class="_d blank"> </span>aminoácido<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>vai<span class="_6 blank"> </span>-se <span class="_d blank"> </span>alte<span class="_6 blank"> </span>rnando <span class="_d blank"> </span>com <span class="_0 blank"> </span>as <span class="_d blank"> </span>ligações </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y145 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">peptídicas para formar o "esqueleto" do polipeptídeo </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y146 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws5">OH<span class="ls2 ws3">- Carboxi Terminal </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y147 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Amino- <span class="ls6 ws6">NH</span> </div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y44 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">2- <span class="_0 blank"> </span>A<span class="_2 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>partir <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>mais <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_8 blank"> </span>menos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>quantas<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>aminoácidos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>um <span class="_8 blank"> </span>polipeptídeo </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y148 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">pode <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_6 blank"> </span>consi<span class="_6 blank"> </span>derado uma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>proteína? <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Aproveite <span class="_6 blank"> </span>para <span class="_6 blank"> </span>explicar <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>todo </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y149 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">o processo <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de ligação <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de aminoácidos,<span class="_2 blank"></span> até <span class="_12 blank"> </span>a produ<span class="_2 blank"></span>ção de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y14a ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">proteína. </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y14b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">Um <span class="_13 blank"> </span>polipeptídeos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>pode <span class="_13 blank"> </span>ser <span class="_13 blank"> </span>considerado <span class="_4 blank"> </span>um<span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_13 blank"> </span>proteína <span class="_4 blank"> </span>aparte <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_13 blank"> </span>50 </div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y14c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">aminoácidos. <span class="_c blank"> </span>A <span class="_c blank"> </span>síntese <span class="_c blank"> </span>proteica <span class="_c blank"> </span>é <span class="_c blank"> </span>o <span class="_c blank"> </span>mecanismo <span class="_c blank"> </span>de<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="ff2">produção <span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="lsb ws8">de</span> <span class="_c blank"> </span>proteínas </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y14d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">determinado <span class="_a blank"> </span>p<span class="_2 blank"></span>elo <span class="_7 blank"> </span>DNA, <span class="_a blank"> </span>que <span class="_7 blank"> </span>acontece<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>em <span class="_a blank"> </span>duas <span class="_7 blank"> </span>fases <span class="_a blank"> </span>cha<span class="_2 blank"></span>madas<span class="_7 blank"> </span> <span class="ff2">transcrição <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e </span></div><div class="t m0 x0 h3 y14e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws7">tradução<span class="ff1 ws3">. </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y14f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">O <span class="_a blank"> </span>DNA <span class="_7 blank"> </span>é <span class="_a blank"> </span>"transcrito" <span class="_7 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_a blank"> </span>RNA <span class="_7 blank"> </span>me<span class="_6 blank"> </span>nsageiro <span class="_7 blank"> </span>(RNAm) <span class="_a blank"> </span>e <span class="_a blank"> </span>depois <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>informação </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y150 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">é <span class="_8 blank"> </span>"traduzida" <span class="_1 blank"> </span>p<span class="_6 blank"> </span>elos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ribossomos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>(compostos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>RNA <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ribossômico <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>molécu<span class="_6 blank"> </span>las <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de<span class="_2 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y151 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">proteínas) <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_10 blank"> </span>RNA <span class="_10 blank"> </span>transportador <span class="_8 blank"> </span>(RNAt), <span class="_10 blank"> </span>que <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tran<span class="_6 blank"> </span>sporta <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os <span class="_10 blank"> </span>aminoácidos, </div><div class="t m0 x0 h2 y152 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">cuja sequência determinará a proteína a ser formada. </div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y153 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h3 y10c ff5 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls9">\uf075<span class="ff1 lsa ws3"> <span class="ff2 ls2">Se <span class="_3 blank"> </span>todas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>as <span class="_3 blank"> </span>proteínas <span class="_3 blank"> </span>são <span class="_3 blank"> </span>quimi<span class="_6 blank"> </span>camente <span class="_f blank"> </span>iguais<span class="_6 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>(polímeros <span class="_f blank"> </span>de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y154 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws3">aminoácidos), o que faz com que cada uma seja diferente da outra? </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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