<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">3<span class="fs1 ws1 v1">a</span><span class="ws3"> Série EM</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">volume 1</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0">Química</div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Livr<span class="_0 blank"></span>o do</div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 y5 ff4 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ofessor</div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y6 ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Prezado(a) professor(a),</div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 y7 ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Neste material, você encontrará o livro do volume que será trabalhado </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y8 ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">(da disciplina e série que leciona), o guia do professor contendo sugestões </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y9 ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">de abordagem e prioridades para cada módulo, entre outras informações </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 ya ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">relevantes, e o gabarito comentado dos exercícios.</div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yb ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Em nosso portal está disponível a versão digital deste material. Solicite à </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 yc ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">escola o seu cadastro para acessar a área restrita do portal.</div><div class="t m0 x6 h7 yd ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Agora, nosso contato pode ser ainda mais rápido. Você pode acessar </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 ye ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">o ícone \u201cReportar Problemas\u201d em nosso <span class="ff6">app</span> para enviar sugestões ou </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 yf ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">críticas. Essas comunicações serão redirecionadas para os coordenadores </div><div class="t m0 x5 h7 y10 ff5 fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">pedagógicos da Plataforma Eleva.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg2.png"><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y12 ff7 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws3">Química I</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x9 ha y13 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 1</div><div class="t m0 xa hb y14 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">1. Assunto</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y15 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Aspectos macroscóp<span class="_1 blank"></span>icos da matéria.</div><div class="t m0 xa hb y16 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">2. Objetivos</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y17 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5">Fazer co<span class="_1 blank"></span>m que o aluno co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mpr<span class="_1 blank"></span>eenda e utilize os conceit<span class="_1 blank"></span>os químicos </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y18 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">dentr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de uma visão macroscópica. O aluno deverá ser ca<span class="_1 blank"></span>paz de </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y19 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">reconhecer aspectos químicos r<span class="_1 blank"></span>elevantes na in<span class="_1 blank"></span>teração individ<span class="_1 blank"></span>ual </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y1a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws8">e coletiva do ser h<span class="_1 blank"></span>umano<span class="_1 blank"></span>, como o p<span class="_1 blank"></span>rocesso de tratamen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to de<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y1b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">água como um fa<span class="_1 blank"></span>to químico<span class="_1 blank"></span>. Além disso<span class="_1 blank"></span>, deverá ser capaz de ler </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y1c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2 wsa">e interpr<span class="_1 blank"></span>etar informações e dados ap<span class="_1 blank"></span>resentados co<span class="_1 blank"></span>m diferen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tes </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y1d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls7 wsb">linguagens o<span class="_1 blank"></span>u formas de r<span class="_1 blank"></span>epresen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tação, tais co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo tabelas e grá\ue01fcos.</div><div class="t m0 xa hb y1e ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">3. Sugestões de abor<span class="_1 blank"></span>dagem</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y1f ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="wsc">Mos<span class="_1 blank"></span>trar que os fenô<span class="_1 blank"></span>menos macroscópicos podem ser físicos </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y20 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">ou químicos;</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y21 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls8 wsb">priorizar fa<span class="_1 blank"></span>tos concr<span class="_1 blank"></span>etos e mensurá<span class="_1 blank"></span>veis sobre as tra<span class="_1 blank"></span>nsformações </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y22 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">químicas, levando em con<span class="_1 blank"></span>sideração a visão macroscópica;</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y23 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws8">mostrar a possibilidade de iden<span class="_1 blank"></span>ti\ue01fcação de uma substância </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y24 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">por suas pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>opriedades características, como pon<span class="_1 blank"></span>to de fusão, </div><div class="t m0 xb hd y25 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">ebulição e densidade;</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y26 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="wse">priorizar a lei<span class="_1 blank"></span>tura de grá\ue01fcos para determinação de pont<span class="_1 blank"></span>os de </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y27 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">fusão e ebulição.</div><div class="t m0 xa hb y28 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">4. Prioridades</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y29 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 wsf">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ws10">Selecionar e utilizar as diversas r<span class="_1 blank"></span>epresen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tações, como grá\ue01fcos e </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y2a ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws11">tabelas, para indicar o pont<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de fusão, eb<span class="_1 blank"></span>ulição e densidade de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xb hd y2b ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws3">determinado mat<span class="_1 blank"></span>erial;</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y2c ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ws12">descrever fenôm<span class="_1 blank"></span>enos, substâncias e ma<span class="_1 blank"></span>teriais em linguagem </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y2d ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">cientí\ue01fca;</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y2e ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span>enfatizar a dif<span class="_1 blank"></span>erença entr<span class="_1 blank"></span>e substância pura e mis<span class="_1 blank"></span>tura;</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y2f ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="lsa ws13">discriminar a diferença en<span class="_1 blank"></span>tre os diversos sist<span class="_1 blank"></span>ema heterogêneos, </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y30 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">identi\ue01fcando a q<span class="_1 blank"></span>uantidade de substân<span class="_1 blank"></span>cias e fases.</div><div class="t m0 xc ha y31 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 2</div><div class="t m0 xa hb y32 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">1. Assunto</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y33 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Separação de misturas.</div><div class="t m0 xa hb y34 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">2. Objetivos</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y35 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws14">Fazer co<span class="_1 blank"></span>m que o aluno seja capaz de an<span class="_1 blank"></span>alisar os tipos de misturas e </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y36 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsb ws13">pro<span class="_1 blank"></span>por processos de separação e\ue01fcient<span class="_1 blank"></span>es para os sistemas em est<span class="_1 blank"></span>udo. </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y37 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws15">O aluno deverá ser capaz de difer<span class="_1 blank"></span>enciar mist<span class="_1 blank"></span>uras heterogên<span class="_1 blank"></span>eas de </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y38 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">homog<span class="_1 blank"></span>êneas e seus métodos de separação.</div><div class="t m0 xa hb y39 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">3. Sugestões de abor<span class="_1 blank"></span>dagem</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y3a ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="lsc ws16">Caracterizar substâncias e ma<span class="_1 blank"></span>teriais co<span class="_1 blank"></span>nstituin<span class="_1 blank"></span>tes de uma<span class="_1 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y3b ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">mistura;</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y3c ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls7 ws13">priorizar a elaboração de r<span class="_1 blank"></span>otas metodológicas para a separação </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y3d ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">de misturas;</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y3e ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="lsd ws8">mostrar a possibilidade de difer<span class="_1 blank"></span>entes ti<span class="_1 blank"></span>pos de processos de </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hd y3f ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">separação serem úteis para div<span class="_1 blank"></span>ersos tipos de misturas.</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y40 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">4. Prioridades</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y41 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ws17">Men<span class="_1 blank"></span>cionar e a<span class="_1 blank"></span>valiar a e\ue01fcácia e as implicações dos processos </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y42 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">de separação de misturas em pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ocessos produtiv<span class="_1 blank"></span>os;</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y43 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="lse ws13">selecionar pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ocessos de s<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eparação que sejam capazes de separar </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y44 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">uma ou mais su<span class="_1 blank"></span>bstâncias pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esentes em uma mistura;</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y45 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ws18">elaborar<span class="_0 blank"></span>, com os al<span class="_1 blank"></span>unos, métodos de separação com base nas </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y46 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">pro<span class="_1 blank"></span>priedades dos materiais;</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y47 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 wsf">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="lsf wsb">descrever o processo de separação das substâncias q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue compõem </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y48 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8">o ar atmosf<span class="_1 blank"></span>érico, bem como a <span class="_1 blank"></span>metodologia de obtenção de </div><div class="t m0 xe hd y49 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws3">matérias-p<span class="_1 blank"></span>rimas gasosas, como oxigênio e ni<span class="_1 blank"></span>trogênio<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xf ha y4a ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 3</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y4b ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">1. Assunto</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y4c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Estrutura a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômica: evolução dos modelos a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômicos (I).</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y4d ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">2. Objetivos</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y4e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws19">Reconhecer os principai<span class="_1 blank"></span>s modelos atômicos de dif<span class="_1 blank"></span>eren<span class="_1 blank"></span>tes épocas </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y4f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1a">criados ao longo da evol<span class="_1 blank"></span>ução cientí\ue01fca. O aluno deverá ser capaz </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y50 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 wsa">de enten<span class="_1 blank"></span>der que os modelos at<span class="_1 blank"></span>ômicos são realizações human<span class="_1 blank"></span>as </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y51 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">inseridas em um cont<span class="_1 blank"></span>exto histórico<span class="_0 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y52 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">3. Sugestões de abor<span class="_1 blank"></span>dagem</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y53 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls5 ws8">Mos<span class="_1 blank"></span>trar que o conheciment<span class="_1 blank"></span>o químico é dinâmico<span class="_1 blank"></span>, sendo </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y54 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">passível de m<span class="_1 blank"></span>udanças no decorrer da hist<span class="_1 blank"></span>ória;</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y55 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ws13">demonstra<span class="_1 blank"></span>r a montag<span class="_1 blank"></span>em de um modelo de áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo que respeit<span class="_1 blank"></span>e </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y56 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">as pro<span class="_1 blank"></span>porções.</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y57 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">4. Prioridades</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y58 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Desenvolv<span class="_1 blank"></span>er os modelos atô<span class="_1 blank"></span>micos de Dalton e \ue01eom<span class="_1 blank"></span>son;</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y59 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="lse ws13">fazer com que o alun<span class="_1 blank"></span>o comp<span class="_1 blank"></span>reenda as limitações de um modelo </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y5a ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">atô<span class="_1 blank"></span>mico e a necessidade de alterações ao longo dos a<span class="_1 blank"></span>nos.</div><div class="t m0 xf ha y5b ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 4</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y5c ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">1. Assunto</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y5d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Estrutura a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômica: evolução dos modelos a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômicos (II).</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y5e ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">2. Objetivo</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y5f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">Reconhecer as características do modelo at<span class="_1 blank"></span>ômico de R<span class="_1 blank"></span>utherfor<span class="_1 blank"></span>d. </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y60 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb">O aluno deverá ser capaz de difer<span class="_1 blank"></span>enciar as partículas fundamentais </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y61 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">do áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xd hb y62 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">3. Sugestões de abor<span class="_1 blank"></span>dagem</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y63 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Mos<span class="_1 blank"></span>trar a importância da pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>oporção para o modelo at<span class="_1 blank"></span>ômico;</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y64 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls10 ws16">enfatizar a dif<span class="_1 blank"></span>erença en<span class="_1 blank"></span>tre íons (cá<span class="_1 blank"></span>tions e ânio<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns) e sua<span class="_1 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y65 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">importância para a con<span class="_1 blank"></span>tinuidade do est<span class="_1 blank"></span>udo da Química;</div><div class="t m0 xd hd y66 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ws1b">priorizar a det<span class="_1 blank"></span>erminação do número a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômico<span class="_1 blank"></span>, do númer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y67 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">nêutro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns e do númer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de massa.</div><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x10 h9 y12 ffc fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws3">Química I</div><div class="t m0 x10 he y68 ffd fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Guia do profes<span class="_1 blank"></span>sor</div></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y69 ffe fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0">3</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x10 hf y69 ffe fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0">4</div><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x12 hf y6a fff fs6 fc3 sc0 ls11 ws1c">LIVRO DO<span class="_1 blank"></span> PROFESSOR</div><div class="t m0 x12 h10 y6b ff10 fsa fc4 sc0 ls0 ws3">Química I</div></div><div class="t m0 x10 hb y6c ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">4. Prioridades</div><div class="t m0 x10 hd y6d ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="lsb ws1d">Desenvol<span class="_1 blank"></span>ver o modelo at<span class="_1 blank"></span>ômico de R<span class="_1 blank"></span>utherfor<span class="_1 blank"></span>d mostrando com<span class="_1 blank"></span>o </span></div><div class="t m0 x12 hd y6e ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1e">o avan<span class="_1 blank"></span>ço da ciência e dos exper<span class="_3 blank"> </span>iment<span class="_1 blank"></span>os permitiu a evolução </div><div class="t m0 x12 hd y6f ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">da descrição do átomo;</div><div class="t m0 x10 hd y70 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ws1f">reconhecer a na<span class="_1 blank"></span>tureza elétrica da matéria, caracterizando os </span></div><div class="t m0 x12 hd y71 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mos neutros e os ío<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns.</div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y72 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 5</div><div class="t m0 x10 hb y73 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">1. Assunto</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y74 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Estrutura a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômica: semelhanças a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômicas.</div><div class="t m0 x10 hb y75 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">2. Objetivo</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y76 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Explicar as semelhanças a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômicas e a s<span class="_1 blank"></span>ua importância.</div><div class="t m0 x14 hb y6c ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">3. Sugestões de abor<span class="_1 blank"></span>dagem</div><div class="t m0 x14 hd y6d ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ws20">Mos<span class="_1 blank"></span>trar a importância do estudo de i<span class="_1 blank"></span>sótopos para a aplicação </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y6e ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">da Química;</div><div class="t m0 x14 hd y77 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span>diferencia<span class="_1 blank"></span>r isótopos, isóto<span class="_1 blank"></span>nos, isóbaros e isoeletrônicos.</div><div class="t m0 x14 hb y78 ff9 fs3 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws3">4. Prioridades</div><div class="t m0 x14 hd y79 ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Caracterizar os áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mos isótopos, isót<span class="_1 blank"></span>onos e isóbaros;</div><div class="t m0 x14 hd y7a ffb fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2022 <span class="_2 blank"> </span>exemp<span class="_1 blank"></span>li\ue01fcar os áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mos isótopos, isóto<span class="_1 blank"></span>nos e isóbaros.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y7b ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y7c ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y7d ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y7e ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y7f ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y80 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y81 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y82 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y83 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y84 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y85 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y86 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y87 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0 ws3">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<span class="_4 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y88 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0 ws3">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<span class="_4 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y89 ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0 ws3">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<span class="_4 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y8a ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="t m0 x10 h11 y8b ff11 fsb fc4 sc0 ls0">_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</div><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y12 ff7 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws3">Química I</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x9 ha y13 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 1</div><div class="t m0 xa h12 y8c ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios concei<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuais</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y8d ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 lsa ws21">(PUC-M<span class="_1 blank"></span>G)<span class="ffa ls1f wsb"> A 20°C, as únicas substâncias que es<span class="_1 blank"></span>tarão no estado </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y8e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">líquido serão C e E. </div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y8f ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UEL-PR \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada)<span class="ffa"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h14 y90 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Simp<span class="_1 blank"></span>les: N<span class="fsd ls12 v2">2</span><span class="v0">, O<span class="fsd ws22 v2">2</span> e H<span class="fsd ls12 v2">2</span>.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y91 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Composta: CO<span class="fsd ws22 v2">2</span><span class="v0">.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y92 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 03 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UFF)</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y93 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws35">I. Ho<span class="_1 blank"></span>mogêneo<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y94 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws36">II. Ho<span class="_1 blank"></span>mogêneo<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y95 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws37">III. Het<span class="_1 blank"></span>erôgeneo<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y96 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 04 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ls7 ws23">(UNI<span class="_1 blank"></span>CAMP)<span class="ffa wsb"> O mesmo pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>eço corresponde<span class="_1 blank"></span>, na marga<span class="_1 blank"></span>rina <span class="ff14 ls20 ws24">li g ht<span class="_3 blank"> </span></span><span class="ls0 ws3">, </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y97 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls21 ws8">a 4 unidades vol<span class="_1 blank"></span>umétricas de gor<span class="_1 blank"></span>dura, enqua<span class="_1 blank"></span>nto na ma<span class="_1 blank"></span>rgarina </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y98 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 wsa">\u201c<span class="_1 blank"></span>normal\u201d es<span class="_1 blank"></span>se preço correspo<span class="_1 blank"></span>nde a 8 unidades volumétricas de </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y99 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws38">gor<span class="_1 blank"></span>dura (fase superior do t<span class="_1 blank"></span>ubo da direita). A gor<span class="_1 blank"></span>dura, portant<span class="_1 blank"></span>o, </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y9a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">custa duas vezes mais n<span class="_1 blank"></span>a margarina <span class="ff14 ls22 ws25">light<span class="_3 blank"> </span></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y9b ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ws26">(PUC-Camp)</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y9c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Massa do ob<span class="_1 blank"></span>jeto: 175,9 g.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y9d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">V<span class="_0 blank"></span>o<span class="_1 blank"></span>lume do ob<span class="_1 blank"></span>jeto: 65,5 \u2013 50,0 = 15,5 mL.</div><div class="c xa y9e w3 h15"><div class="t m0 x0 h16 y9f ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls13">d<span class="ls0 v3">M</span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h17 ya0 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">V</div></div><div class="t m0 x17 h18 ya1 ff15 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">= =<span class="_5 blank"> </span>=</div><div class="c xa y9e w3 h15"><div class="t m0 x18 hc ya2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws28">175 <span class="ls0">9</span></div><div class="t m0 x19 hc ya3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws29">15 <span class="ls0">5</span></div></div><div class="t m0 x1a hc ya1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws2a">11 <span class="ls0">3</span></div><div class="c xa y9e w3 h15"><div class="t m0 x1b hc ya2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">,</div><div class="t m0 x1c h19 ya3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls14">,<span class="ls23 v4">,.</span></div></div><div class="t m0 x1d hc ya1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls24">g/mL</div><div class="t m0 xa h12 ya4 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios con<span class="_1 blank"></span>textual<span class="_1 blank"></span>izados</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 ya5 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UNES<span class="_1 blank"></span>P) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc ya6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1e">I. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Eva<span class="_1 blank"></span>poração: muda<span class="_1 blank"></span>nça de estado físico; não altera a estrutura </div><div class="t m0 xb hc ya7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">da matéria (tran<span class="_1 blank"></span>sformação física).</div><div class="t m0 xa hc ya8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsc">II. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Decomposição: reação química; al<span class="_1 blank"></span>tera a estrutura da ma<span class="_1 blank"></span>téria </div><div class="t m0 xb hc ya9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">(transfo<span class="_1 blank"></span>rmação química).</div><div class="t m0 xa hc yaa ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3b">III. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Fo<span class="_1 blank"></span>rmação de compostos indesejá<span class="_1 blank"></span>veis: reação química; alt<span class="_1 blank"></span>era a </div><div class="t m0 xb hc yab ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">estrutura da ma<span class="_1 blank"></span>téria (transformação q<span class="_1 blank"></span>uímica).</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 yac ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">02</span> <span class="fc0">(UERJ)</span> <span class="fc0">Letra A.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc yad ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls22 wsb">A cha<span class="_1 blank"></span>pa de metal continuará aq<span class="_1 blank"></span>uecendo a chaleira, mesmo com o f<span class="_1 blank"></span>ogo </div><div class="t m0 xa hc yae ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws2d">apagado<span class="_0 blank"></span>, p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ois, dura<span class="_1 blank"></span>nte o p<span class="_1 blank"></span>rocesso de aqueciment<span class="_1 blank"></span>o, a p<span class="_1 blank"></span>laca metálica<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xa hc yaf ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws3c">absorveu calor<span class="_0 blank"></span>, que será dissipado após a cha<span class="_1 blank"></span>ma ser apagada. Como </div><div class="t m0 xa hc yb0 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws3">a chaleira está sobre a c<span class="_1 blank"></span>hapa, ela receberá grande parte des<span class="_1 blank"></span>se calor<span class="_0 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 yb1 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 03 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UFRRJ) Letra E.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc yb2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3d">Como o grau no dis<span class="_1 blank"></span>trito de Sibi é 52°C e de aco<span class="_1 blank"></span>rdo com os valor<span class="_1 blank"></span>es </div><div class="t m0 xa hc yb3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3e">de pont<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de fusão e ebulição, os estados físicos do éter etílico<span class="_1 blank"></span>, do </div><div class="t m0 xa hc yb4 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls25 ws13">álcool e do na\ue01ealeno são, r<span class="_1 blank"></span>espect<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ivamen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te, gasoso<span class="_1 blank"></span>, líquido e sólido<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 yb5 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 04 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ws2b">(F<span class="ls15 ws2c">UVEST<span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws3">) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra A.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc yb6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 wsb">A fração <span class="ff14 ls0 ws2d">A</span> (que \ue01d<span class="_1 blank"></span>utuou na á<span class="_1 blank"></span>gua) é a que ap<span class="_1 blank"></span>resenta a meno<span class="_1 blank"></span>r densidade: </div><div class="t m0 xa hc yb7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws3f">PE. A fração <span class="ff14 ls0 ws2d">C</span> tem uma densidade ma<span class="_1 blank"></span>ior que a da água, mas men<span class="_1 blank"></span>or </div><div class="t m0 xa hc yb8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws40">que a solução salina, já que \ue01d<span class="_1 blank"></span>utua nesta: PS. A fração <span class="ff14 ls0 ws2d">D</span> é a de maio<span class="_1 blank"></span>r </div><div class="t m0 xa hc yb9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws3">densidade, pois afunda mesm<span class="_1 blank"></span>o na solução salina: PV<span class="_1 blank"></span>C.</div><div class="t m0 xa h1a yba ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(FUVES<span class="_1 blank"></span>T) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra E.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc ybb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls16 wsa">As tem<span class="_1 blank"></span>peraturas de e<span class="_1 blank"></span>bulição serão iguais, pois os dois sistema<span class="_1 blank"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 xa hc ybc ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">con<span class="_1 blank"></span>têm a mesma substân<span class="_1 blank"></span>cia.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc ybd ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws13">O tempo em <span class="ff14">A</span> será meno<span class="_1 blank"></span>r que em <span class="ff14">B</span>, pelo fato de o si<span class="_1 blank"></span>stema ter uma </div><div class="t m0 xa hc ybe ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws41">quan<span class="_1 blank"></span>tidade menor de água, o que fa<span class="_1 blank"></span>rá com que em menos t<span class="_1 blank"></span>empo </div><div class="t m0 xa hc ybf ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">seja fornecido calor su\ue01fcien<span class="_1 blank"></span>te para iniciar a ebulição<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 yc0 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">06 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(ENEM) Letra D.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc yc1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws42">(A) <span class="_1 blank"></span>N<span class="_1 blank"></span>ão. Se a densidade da bola escura for igual à densidade do </div><div class="t m0 xb hc yc2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">álcool, a adulteração não será no<span class="_1 blank"></span>tada.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc yc3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws43">(B) N<span class="_1 blank"></span>ão. Como a den<span class="_1 blank"></span>sidade das bolinhas é diferen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te, mesmo que a </div><div class="t m0 xb hc yc4 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsb ws1d">amostra possua dens<span class="_1 blank"></span>idade fora dos padrões, as bolinhas deverão </div><div class="t m0 xb hc yc5 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">ocupar posições diferent<span class="_1 blank"></span>es na coluna de líq<span class="_1 blank"></span>uido.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yc6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls27 ws8">(C<span class="_1 blank"></span>)<span class="_1 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>Não<span class="_0 blank"></span>. S<span class="_3 blank"> </span>e as bolinhas possuíssem a mesma den<span class="_1 blank"></span>sidade, elas<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xe hc yc7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">deveriam ocupar as mesmas posições nas três amos<span class="_1 blank"></span>tras.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yc8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws16">(D) <span class="_9 blank"></span>Sim. Como as bolinhas possuem densidades difer<span class="_1 blank"></span>entes, e<span class="_1 blank"></span>las </div><div class="t m0 xe hc yc9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">ocupam posições diferent<span class="_1 blank"></span>es dentro do líq<span class="_1 blank"></span>uido.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yca ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws44">(E) <span class="_a blank"> </span>Não<span class="_0 blank"></span>. De<span class="_3 blank"> </span>vem ser medidas densidades abaixo de um mínimo e </div><div class="t m0 xe hc ycb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">acima de um máximo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, sendo necessárias duas bolinhas.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 ycc ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">07 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(ENEM) Letra E.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h1b ycd ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">d<span class="ffa fsd ws22 v2">álcool</span><span class="ffa ws3 v0"> = 800 g/L.</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h14 yce ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">d<span class="ffa fsd ws22 v2">H<span class="v5">2</span>O<span class="fs8 ws3 v6"> = 1.000 g/L.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc ycf ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Como 96% + 4% álcool é o permitido, en<span class="_1 blank"></span>tão:</div><div class="t m0 x1e h1c yd0 ff16 fse fc5 sc0 ls28 ws2e">mistura</div><div class="c xd yd1 w4 h1d"><div class="t m0 x18 h17 yd2 ff16 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls4 ws2f">96<span class="_b blank"> </span>800<span class="_c blank"> </span>4 1.000</div><div class="t m0 x1f h17 yd3 ff16 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls4 ws30">100</div></div><div class="t m0 x15 h17 yd4 ff14 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls0">d</div><div class="c xd yd1 w4 h1d"><div class="t m0 x20 h18 yd2 ff15 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls29 ws31">\u22c5 +\u22c5</div></div><div class="t m0 x21 h18 yd4 ff15 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls0">=</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yd5 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">d<span class="ffa fsd ws3 v2">mistura </span><span class="ffa ws3">= 808 g/L é a densidade máxima.</span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc yd6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsd wsa">Desse modo, a mist<span class="_1 blank"></span>ura pode apresen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tar densidades entre 800 e </div><div class="t m0 xd hc yd7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">808 g/L.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 yd8 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">08 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(UNES<span class="_1 blank"></span>P) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra C.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc yd9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws20">Essa opção apr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esenta um patama<span class="_1 blank"></span>r duran<span class="_1 blank"></span>te a muda<span class="_1 blank"></span>nça de estado, o </div><div class="t m0 xd hc yda ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">que caracteriza uma substâ<span class="_1 blank"></span>ncia pura.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 ydb ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 09 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(FUVES<span class="_1 blank"></span>T) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra C.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc ydc ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Cálculo d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>as densidades:</div><div class="t m0 x22 h13 ydd ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1f ws45">Marca<span class="_3 blank"> </span> de<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1e h13 yde ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">creme dental </div><div class="t m0 x23 h13 ydd ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Massa </div><div class="t m0 x24 h13 yde ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">(g) </div><div class="t m0 x25 h13 ydd ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">V<span class="_0 blank"></span>ol<span class="_1 blank"></span>ume </div><div class="t m0 x26 h13 yde ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">(mL) </div><div class="t m0 x27 h13 ydd ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Densidade </div><div class="t m0 x28 h13 yde ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0">(g/mL)</div><div class="t m0 x29 hc ydf ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls17">A<span class="ffa ls0 ws32">30<span class="_d blank"> </span>20 <span class="ff14">d</span><span class="ws3"> = 30/20 = 1,5</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x29 hc ye0 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls18">B<span class="ffa ls0 ws32">60<span class="_d blank"> </span>42 <span class="ff14">d</span><span class="ws3"> = 60/42 = 1,429</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x29 hc ye1 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls19">C<span class="ffa ls0 ws32">90<span class="_d blank"> </span>75 <span class="ff14">d</span><span class="ws3"> = 90/75 = 1,2 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x29 hc ye2 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1a">D<span class="ffa ls0 ws32">120<span class="_e blank"> </span>80 <span class="ff14">d</span><span class="ws3"> = 120/80 = 1,5 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x29 hc ye3 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1b">E<span class="ffa ls0 ws33">180<span class="_f blank"> </span>120 <span class="ff14">d</span><span class="ws3"> = 180/120 = 1,5 </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc ye4 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">Quanto m<span class="_1 blank"></span>aior o vo<span class="_1 blank"></span>lume de água, meno<span class="_1 blank"></span>r a densidade do creme </div><div class="t m0 xd hc ye5 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">dental. </div><div class="t m0 xd hc ye6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2a wsb">A marca q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue ap<span class="_1 blank"></span>resenta maio<span class="_1 blank"></span>r porcen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tagem de água em sua com<span class="_1 blank"></span>po<span class="ls0">-</span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc ye7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">sição é aquela que possui men<span class="_1 blank"></span>or densidade, ou seja, C.</div><div class="t m0 xd h12 ye8 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios de apr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ofunda<span class="_1 blank"></span>mento</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 ye9 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">01</span> <span class="fc6 ws2b">(UNICAMP)<span class="ffa ws3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc yea ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Frasco A \u2013 álcool.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yeb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Frasco B \u2013 água.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yec ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws46">Como densidade é <span class="ff14">d</span> = <span class="ff14">m</span>/<span class="ff14">V</span>, para massas iguai<span class="_1 blank"></span>s, quant<span class="_1 blank"></span>o maior a <span class="_10 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc yed ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">densidade, meno<span class="_1 blank"></span>r será o volume ocupado pela substância; logo<span class="_0 blank"></span>, o </div><div class="t m0 xd hc yee ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws47">frasco B contém á<span class="_1 blank"></span>gua, porque a<span class="_1 blank"></span>presen<span class="_1 blank"></span>ta maior densidade q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue o </div><div class="t m0 xd hc yef ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">álcool, e o frasco A contém álcool.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 yf0 ffa fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="ff13 fc1">02 </span><span class="fc0"> <span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ff13 ws2b">(UNICAMP)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc yf1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Cálculo d<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a \u201c<span class="_1 blank"></span>massa<span class="_0 blank"></span>\u201d recém-pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>eparada para uma recei<span class="_1 blank"></span>ta:</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yf2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">360 g + 6 g + 1 g + 100 g + 90 g + 100 g + 3 g = 660 g.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yf3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2b wsa">Como a densidade apa<span class="_1 blank"></span>rent<span class="_1 blank"></span>e da \u201cma<span class="_1 blank"></span>ssa<span class="_0 blank"></span>\u201d recém-pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>eparada é<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc yf4 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1c ws3">1,10 g/cm<span class="fsd ls1d v6">3</span>, temos:</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yf5 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">1 cm<span class="fsd ws22 v6">3</span> ___ 1,10 g</div><div class="t m0 xd hc yf6 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">x<span class="ffa ws3"> cm<span class="fsd ws22 v6">3</span> ___ 660 g</span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc yf7 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">x<span class="ffa ws3"> = 600 cm<span class="fsd ls12 v6">3</span>.</span></div><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x10 h9 y12 ff17 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws3">Química I</div><div class="t m0 x10 he y68 ff18 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">Gabarito c<span class="_1 blank"></span>omentado</div></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y69 ffe fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0">5</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x10 hf y69 ffe fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0">6</div><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x12 hf y6a fff fs6 fc3 sc0 ls11 ws1c">LIVRO DO<span class="_1 blank"></span> PROFESSOR</div><div class="t m0 x12 h10 y6b ff10 fsa fc4 sc0 ls0 ws3">Química I</div></div><div class="t m0 x13 ha yf8 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 2</div><div class="t m0 x10 h12 yf9 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios concei<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuais</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 yfa ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ws2b">(MA<span class="_0 blank"></span>CKENZIE)<span class="ffa ws3"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yfb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">P<span class="_1 blank"></span>or meio da separação magnética (processo I), retira-se a limalha </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yfc ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4c">de ferro do r<span class="_1 blank"></span>estante da mis<span class="_1 blank"></span>tura. A<span class="_1 blank"></span>pós a dissolução do sal em água, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yfd ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2c wsa">a mistura heter<span class="_1 blank"></span>ogênea resul<span class="_1 blank"></span>tante é su<span class="_1 blank"></span>bmetida a uma \ue01fltração </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yfe ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8">(processo II) para a r<span class="_1 blank"></span>etirada da areia. A mistura ho<span class="_1 blank"></span>mogênea de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yff ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">água e sal é separada por destilação (processo III).</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y100 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ls33 ws48">(FUVES<span class="_1 blank"></span>T)<span class="ffa ls34 wsb"> <span class="_3 blank"> </span>A adição de água fr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ia dissolve o N<span class="_1 blank"></span>aC<span class="ff19 ls0 ws49">\uf06c<span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ffa ls34 wsb">; \ue01fltra-se a mistura </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y101 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls35 wsa">e aquece-se o \ue01fltrado<span class="_1 blank"></span>, obtendo-se o N<span class="_1 blank"></span>aC<span class="ff19 ls0 ws49">\uf06c</span>. A adição de água q<span class="_1 blank"></span>uente </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y102 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws10">dissolve o PbC<span class="ff19 ls0">\uf06c</span></div><div class="t m0 x2a h1e y103 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0">2</div><div class="t m0 x2b hc y102 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws10">; \ue01fltra-se a mistura e aquece-se o \ue01fltrado<span class="_1 blank"></span>, obten<span class="_1 blank"></span>do-se o<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y104 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls35">PbC<span class="ff19 ls0">\uf06c</span></div><div class="t m0 x2c h1e y105 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0">2</div><div class="t m0 x17 hc y104 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws3">. O AgC<span class="ff19 ls0 ws49">\uf06c<span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ffa ls35 ws3"> é o que sobra in<span class="_1 blank"></span>solubilizado<span class="_0 blank"></span>.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y106 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 03 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ)</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h14 y107 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">1<span class="fsd ws22 v6">a</span><span class="ws3 v0"> mistura: \ue01fltração (sólido insol<span class="_1 blank"></span>úvel).</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y108 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2d">2<span class="fsd ls0 ws22 v6">a</span><span class="ls0 ws3"> mistura: decan<span class="_1 blank"></span>tação (líquidos imiscíveis).</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y109 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2d">3<span class="fsd ls0 ws22 v6">a</span><span class="ls0 ws3"> mistura: destilação simp<span class="_1 blank"></span>les (sólido solúvel).</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y10a ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 04 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ls2e">(<span class="ls15 ws2c">UEG<span class="ls0">-GO)</span></span></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y10b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4e">a. <span class="_11 blank"> </span>A destilação simples tem por base uma grande dif<span class="_1 blank"></span>erença nos </div><div class="t m0 x12 hc y10c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wse">pont<span class="_1 blank"></span>os de ebulição dos com<span class="_1 blank"></span>ponentes: um é sólido<span class="_0 blank"></span>, enquanto o </div><div class="t m0 x12 hc y10d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">outr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o é líquido nas condições am<span class="_1 blank"></span>bien<span class="_1 blank"></span>tes. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y10e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4f"> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>A destilação fracionada tem por base pequenas diferenças nos </div><div class="t m0 x12 hc y10f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">pont<span class="_1 blank"></span>os de ebulição entre os co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mponen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tes. </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y110 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls36 wsa">b<span class="_1 blank"></span>. <span class="_13 blank"> </span>Não<span class="_0 blank"></span>, porque água e óleo fo<span class="_1 blank"></span>rmam um sistema het<span class="_1 blank"></span>erogêneo<span class="_1 blank"></span>. </div><div class="t m0 x12 hc y111 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">P<span class="_1 blank"></span>odem ser s<span class="_3 blank"> </span>eparados por decantação<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h1a y112 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05<span class="fc3"> <span class="v0"> <span class="fc0">(UNISIN<span class="_1 blank"></span>OS-RS) </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y113 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1f wsb">Inicialmen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te temos uma mist<span class="_1 blank"></span>ura heterogên<span class="_1 blank"></span>ea com duas fases (azeite </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y114 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws50">e água + sal) líquidas, que pode ser sep<span class="_3 blank"> </span>arada satisfa<span class="_1 blank"></span>toriamen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te por </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y115 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws51">um processo de decan<span class="_1 blank"></span>tação, em que a fa<span class="_1 blank"></span>se aquosa (mais densa) </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y116 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls5 wsa">\ue01fcaria no fundo do sistema e a fase oleosa (azeite) \ue01fca<span class="_1 blank"></span>ria na </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y117 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">superfície, por ser menos densa.</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y118 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2f ws8">No segundo p<span class="_1 blank"></span>rocesso<span class="_1 blank"></span>, a mistura a ser separada é homog<span class="_1 blank"></span>ênea, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y119 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4c">formada por sal e água (sólido + líquido), e pode ser separada por </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y11a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">um processo de destilação simp<span class="_1 blank"></span>les ou evaporação<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h12 y11b ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios con<span class="_1 blank"></span>textual<span class="_1 blank"></span>izados</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y11c ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(ENEM) Letra C.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y11d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">I. <span class="_14 blank"> </span>Separação magnética: retirada de elementos m<span class="_1 blank"></span>etálicos.</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y11e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws3">II. <span class="_13 blank"> </span>Extração: retirada do caldo aç<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ucarado após a cana ser esmagada.</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y11f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">III. <span class="_a blank"> </span>Fi<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ltração: retirada de partículas sólidas através de \ue01fl<span class="_1 blank"></span>tros.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y120 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(ENEM) Letra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y121 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws52">O procedimen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to adequado para tratar a á<span class="_1 blank"></span>gua dos rios, a \ue01fm de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y122 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lse wsb">aten<span class="_1 blank"></span>uar os p<span class="_1 blank"></span>roblemas de sa<span class="_1 blank"></span>úde causados por micr<span class="_1 blank"></span>orga<span class="_1 blank"></span>nismos a essas </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y123 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws53">populações ribeirinhas, é a cloração. N<span class="_0 blank"></span>essa et<span class="_3 blank"> </span>apa de trata<span class="_1 blank"></span>mento<span class="_0 blank"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y124 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5">substâncias co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo o hipoclorito de sódio (N<span class="_1 blank"></span>aC<span class="ff19">\uf06c</span>O) são adicionadas </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y125 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">à água para eliminar micr<span class="_1 blank"></span>orga<span class="_1 blank"></span>nismos. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y126 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">03 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UFMG \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada) Le<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tra B.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y127 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsc">Como o mercúrio é um líquido à tem<span class="_1 blank"></span>peratura a<span class="_1 blank"></span>mbien<span class="_1 blank"></span>te e possui </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y128 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws8">um pont<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de ebulição mui<span class="_1 blank"></span>to meno<span class="_1 blank"></span>r que o our<span class="_1 blank"></span>o, es<span class="_1 blank"></span>sa sep<span class="_3 blank"> </span>aração </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y129 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws54">pode ser relacionada com o pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ocesso de destilação, que dimin<span class="_1 blank"></span>uiria </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y12a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws55">a poluição<span class="_1 blank"></span>. Essa diminuição seria possível, já que co<span class="_1 blank"></span>m o maçarico </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y12b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3 wsa">o mercúrio vola<span class="_1 blank"></span>tilizado iria p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ara o amb<span class="_1 blank"></span>iente<span class="_1 blank"></span>. Já no p<span class="_1 blank"></span>rocesso de </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y12c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws56">destilação, o mer<span class="_1 blank"></span>cúrio é evaporado e depois conden<span class="_1 blank"></span>sado, sendo </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y12d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">posteriorment<span class="_1 blank"></span>e recolhido<span class="_1 blank"></span>. </div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y12e ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">04 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ) Letra D.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y12f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls30 ws8">A<span class="_1 blank"></span>bsorção<span class="_1 blank"></span>, já que o pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>oduto u<span class="_1 blank"></span>tilizado tem como pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>opriedade<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y130 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls21 ws8">absorver o óleo que está na superfície, permitindo sua melhor<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y131 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">remoção<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y132 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UFPB) Letra C.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y133 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">No início<span class="_0 blank"></span>, temos:</div><div class="c x2d y134 w5 h1f"><div class="t m0 x0 h20 y135 ff1a fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">100 mL</div></div><div class="t m0 x2e h20 y136 ff1a fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">50 mL</div><div class="t m0 x2f h20 y137 ff1a fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">0 mL</div><div class="t m0 x25 h20 y138 ff1a fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">gasolina + álcoo</div><div class="c x2d y134 w5 h1f"><div class="t m0 x2 h20 y139 ff1a fsf fc0 sc0 ls0">l</div></div><div class="t m0 x30 h20 y13a ff1a fsf fc0 sc0 ls31">H<span class="fs10 ls0 ws4a v7">2</span><span class="ls0">O</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y13b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Com o passar do tem<span class="_1 blank"></span>po:</div><div class="t m0 x31 h20 y13c ff1b fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">gasolina + álcool</div><div class="t m0 x32 h20 y13d ff1b fsf fc0 sc0 ls0">água</div><div class="t m0 x33 h20 y13e ff1b fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">34 mL</div><div class="t m0 x33 h20 y13f ff1b fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">66 mL</div><div class="t m0 x34 h20 y140 ff1b fsf fc0 sc0 ls0">gasolina</div><div class="t m0 x35 h20 y141 ff1b fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">água + álcool</div><div class="t m0 x36 h20 y142 ff1b fsf fc0 sc0 ls0">(f</div><div class="c x14 y143 w6 h1f"><div class="t m0 x37 h20 y144 ff1b fsf fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">ase aquosa)</div></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y145 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws57">Logo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, temos 16 mL de álcool em 50 mL de gasolina, o que equivale a:</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y146 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">50 mL ___________ 100%</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y147 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">16 mL ___________ <span class="ff14">x</span>%</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y148 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">x<span class="ffa ws3"> = 32% de álcool na gasolina.</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y149 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 06 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UFES) Letra A.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y14a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws58">Durant<span class="_1 blank"></span>e a decantação<span class="_1 blank"></span>, o petróleo se deposita no fundo da água </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y14b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws59">salgada e é então retirado; em seguida, é \ue01fltrado para a retirada de </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y14c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">imp<span class="_1 blank"></span>urezas sólidas.</div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y14d ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 07 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(PUC-Rio) Letr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a E.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y14e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 wsc">Quando a água passa pela tela, que r<span class="_1 blank"></span>etém materiai<span class="_1 blank"></span>s como galhos e </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y14f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 wsb">folhas, ela está sendo \ue01fltrada. Em seguida, ela é man<span class="_1 blank"></span>tida em repouso<span class="_1 blank"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y150 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws5a">tornan<span class="_1 blank"></span>do-se mais clara pela decantação das partículas em suspensão </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y151 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws5b">no fundo do tanque. Logo<span class="_0 blank"></span>, os processos de separação em sequência </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y152 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws3">são \ue01fltração e decantação<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y153 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 08 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ) Letra D.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y154 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws5c">A centrifugação consis<span class="_1 blank"></span>te na separação de compon<span class="_1 blank"></span>entes em sus<span class="_1 blank"></span>pensão<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y155 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws5b">numa mis<span class="_1 blank"></span>tura líquida, por meio da sua p<span class="_1 blank"></span>rojeção con<span class="_1 blank"></span>tra as paredes de </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y156 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws52">um tubo (ou tam<span class="_1 blank"></span>bor) em rotação (fo<span class="_1 blank"></span>rça centrípeta), n<span class="_1 blank"></span>um apar<span class="_1 blank"></span>elho<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y157 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsf wsa">chamado cen<span class="_1 blank"></span>trifugadora. Nes<span class="_1 blank"></span>te, por ação de uma fo<span class="_1 blank"></span>rça centrífuga, </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y158 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws1b">ocorre a separação das duas fases: fase sólida, que \ue01fca depositada no </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y159 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws3">fundo do tubo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, e fase líquida, que \ue01fca sobre a fa<span class="_1 blank"></span>se sólida.</div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y15a ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 09 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ws2b">(E<span class="ls37 ws4b">F OA </span><span class="ws3">-MG) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra B.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y15b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5d">A<span class="_1 blank"></span>pós um tempo em repo<span class="_1 blank"></span>uso (decantação), formam-se d<span class="_1 blank"></span>uas fases </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y15c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws52">líquidas: a su<span class="_1 blank"></span>perior é o biodiesel e a inferior con<span class="_1 blank"></span>tém a glicerina </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y15d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">(funil de decantação).</div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y15e ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 10 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13 ws2b">(U<span class="ls15 ws2c">NIFES<span class="_1 blank"></span>P<span class="ls0 ws3">) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra D.</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y15f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws30">Além da destilação e da dec<span class="_3 blank"> </span>an<span class="_1 blank"></span>tação, usou-se a extração da cafeína </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y160 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws8">com diclo<span class="_1 blank"></span>roetano (solven<span class="_1 blank"></span>te or<span class="_1 blank"></span>gânico), e na penúltima eta<span class="_1 blank"></span>pa foi </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y161 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">realizada a sublimação (aquecimen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to da cafeín<span class="_1 blank"></span>a impura e sólida).</div><div class="t m0 x14 h12 y162 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios de apr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ofunda<span class="_1 blank"></span>mento</div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y163 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ls32 ws5e">\ue01fUNI<span class="_1 blank"></span>CAMP\ue01e <span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ffa lsd wsa">N<span class="_1 blank"></span>itr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ogênio<span class="_1 blank"></span>, argônio e o<span class="_1 blank"></span>xigênio<span class="_1 blank"></span>. N<span class="_1 blank"></span>a destilação </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y164 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5f">fracionada, os cons<span class="_1 blank"></span>tituint<span class="_1 blank"></span>es são separados em ordem crescen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te de </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y165 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">pont<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de ebulição.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg7.png"><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x38 hf y6a ffe fs6 fc3 sc0 ls11 ws1c">LIVRO DO<span class="_1 blank"></span> PROFESSOR</div><div class="t m0 x39 h10 y6b ff9 fsa fc4 sc0 ls0 ws3">Química I</div></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y69 ffe fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0">7</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y132 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ls15 ws2c">\ue01fUNI<span class="_1 blank"></span>CAMP\ue01e</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y133 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws40">a. <span class="_15 blank"> </span>Eva<span class="_1 blank"></span>poração<span class="_1 blank"></span>, porque a água salob<span class="_1 blank"></span>ra passa para o estado gasoso </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y166 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws30">e depois pela condensação<span class="_1 blank"></span>, já que a água que tinha eva<span class="_1 blank"></span>porado </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y167 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">vira líquido no<span class="_1 blank"></span>vament<span class="_1 blank"></span>e.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y168 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws64">b. <span class="_15 blank"> </span>A evaporação ocorre na água salobra, e a co<span class="_1 blank"></span>ndensação se veri\ue01fca<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y169 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">na superfície do plástico transpar<span class="_1 blank"></span>ente<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y16a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">c. <span class="_15 blank"> </span>A evaporação absorve energia pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ovenien<span class="_1 blank"></span>te da luz solar<span class="_0 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xc ha y16b ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 3</div><div class="t m0 xa h12 y16c ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios concei<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuais</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y16d ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0 ws43"> A b<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ola de bilhar se torna uma boa com<span class="_1 blank"></span>paração por ser ela uma </span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y16e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">esfera maciça e indivisí<span class="_1 blank"></span>vel, assim co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo o áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, segundo Dalton.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y16f ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> 2 \u2013 1 \u2013 3.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y170 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws65">Demócrito e Leucipo eram \ue01flósofos que co<span class="_1 blank"></span>meçaram a in<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuir sobre a </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y171 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3b ws13">consti<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuição da matéria. P<span class="_0 blank"></span>osteriormente, co<span class="_1 blank"></span>m o avan<span class="_1 blank"></span>ço da ciência, Dalton<span class="_3 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y172 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws38">já pôde propor uma t<span class="_1 blank"></span>eoria um pouco mais com<span class="_1 blank"></span>pleta, e, m<span class="_1 blank"></span>uitos anos </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y173 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls35 ws4f">depois, \ue01com<span class="_1 blank"></span>son inclui<span class="_1 blank"></span>u conceit<span class="_1 blank"></span>os sobre a na<span class="_1 blank"></span>tureza elétrica da mat<span class="_1 blank"></span>éria.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y174 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 03 <span class="ffa fc0 ls38 ws8"> <span class="_9 blank"></span>Pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esença de cargas positivas, p<span class="_1 blank"></span>resença de cargas n<span class="_1 blank"></span>egativas,<span class="_1 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y175 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo sendo eletricament<span class="_1 blank"></span>e neutro<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y176 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 04 <span class="ffa fc0 ws28 v0"> <span class="_0 blank"></span>Quando cargas iguais \ue01fcam p<span class="_1 blank"></span>ró<span class="_1 blank"></span>ximas, elas se repelem. Dessa </span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y177 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws46">forma, a exist<span class="_1 blank"></span>ência de elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s pró<span class="_1 blank"></span>ximos uns dos ou<span class="_1 blank"></span>tros poderia </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y178 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws66">levar a uma grande rep<span class="_1 blank"></span>ulsão eletrônica, o que põe em dúvida a </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y179 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">possibilidade de existência do á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomo n<span class="_1 blank"></span>essa con\ue01fguração<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y17a ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ls39 ws67">(IFCE \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada) <span class="ffa ls3c ws8">A descobert<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a de partícul<span class="_3 blank"> </span>as menor<span class="_1 blank"></span>es<span class="_1 blank"></span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y17b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws68">forma<span class="_1 blank"></span>ndo o áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo (pró<span class="_1 blank"></span>tons, e<span class="_1 blank"></span>létrons) co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mpr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ova q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue ele não é a </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y17c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">menor parte da ma<span class="_1 blank"></span>téria.</div><div class="t m0 xa h12 y17d ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios con<span class="_1 blank"></span>textual<span class="_1 blank"></span>izados</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y17e ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">01</span> <span class="fc0 ls15 ws30">\ue01fUPE\ue01dSSA \ue01c <span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws2b">adaptada\ue01e<span class="ls9 wsf"> L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>et<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra<span class="_3 blank"> </span> B.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y17f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws8">I. <span class="_16 blank"> </span>\u201c<span class="_9 blank"></span>A descoberta dos elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s, partícu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>las subatô<span class="_1 blank"></span>micas de carga </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y180 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">elétrica positiva<span class="_0 blank"></span>\u201d<span class="_17 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y181 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>O<span class="_1 blank"></span>s elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s são part<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ículas de carga negati<span class="_1 blank"></span>va, e não positiva.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y182 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3a wsa">I<span class="_1 blank"></span>I<span class="_1 blank"></span>.<span class="_1 blank"></span> \u201c<span class="_1 blank"></span>M<span class="_1 blank"></span>odelo que ficou conhecido como \u201c<span class="_0 blank"></span>pudim de passas<span class="_1 blank"></span>\u201d<span class="_17 blank"></span>,<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y183 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">atribuído ao físico Ernest R<span class="_1 blank"></span>utherfo<span class="_1 blank"></span>rd<span class="_1 blank"></span>\u201d<span class="_17 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y184 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3d wsa"> <span class="_18 blank"> </span>O modelo \u201c<span class="_1 blank"></span>pudim de passas<span class="_0 blank"></span>\u201d foi pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>oposto pelo cientista<span class="_1 blank"></span> <span class="_19 blank"></span><span class="ls0 ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb hc y185 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws3">J<span class="_1 blank"></span>. J<span class="_0 blank"></span>. \ue01comson.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y186 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UNI<span class="_1 blank"></span>CID \u2013 adaptada) Letra E.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y187 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws69">O modelo de Dalton é caracterizado co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo uma bola de bilhar<span class="_0 blank"></span>, e o </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y188 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1f">modelo de \ue01comso<span class="_1 blank"></span>n é caracterizado como um pudim de passas. </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y189 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws13">Assim, as ima<span class="_1 blank"></span>gens que podem repr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esentar am<span class="_1 blank"></span>bos, respectivamente, </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y18a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">são as de númer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o VI e II.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y18b ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 03 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(PUC-MG) Letra D<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y18c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6a">Segundo a teoria atô<span class="_1 blank"></span>mica de Dalton, toda mat<span class="_1 blank"></span>éria é constit<span class="_1 blank"></span>uída de </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y18d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mos e todos os áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mos de um mesmo elemen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to são idênticos.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y18e ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 04 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(FUVES<span class="_1 blank"></span>T) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y18f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6b">\ue01comso<span class="_1 blank"></span>n foi o primeir<span class="_1 blank"></span>o cientista a pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>opor um modelo em que o </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y190 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo possui partículas negativas (elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns).</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y191 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UFG-GO \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra C.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y192 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws8">O modelo pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>oposto por \ue01co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mson fo<span class="_1 blank"></span>i um grande ava<span class="_1 blank"></span>nço dian<span class="_1 blank"></span>te </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y193 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws38">do que se sabia an<span class="_1 blank"></span>teriormen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te, pois mostr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ou que o á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomo tinha </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y194 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls36 wsa">partícul<span class="_3 blank"> </span>as carregadas positiva e nega<span class="_1 blank"></span>tivamen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te, o que permitiu </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y195 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6c">com<span class="_1 blank"></span>pro<span class="_1 blank"></span>var a sua divisib<span class="_1 blank"></span>ilidade. Entretan<span class="_1 blank"></span>to<span class="_1 blank"></span>, o modelo troux<span class="_1 blank"></span>e um </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y196 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6c">nov<span class="_1 blank"></span>o prob<span class="_1 blank"></span>lema a ser superado, o da r<span class="_1 blank"></span>epulsão eletrônica en<span class="_1 blank"></span>tre os </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y197 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y198 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 06 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ) Letra A.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h21 y199 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls36 ws60">CO<span class="fsd ls0 ws22 v2">2</span><span class="ls0 ws3"> = 8,6 g C <span class="ff13 fsd ws61 v6">____________</span> 22 g O</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h22 y19a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 4,3 g C <span class="ff13 fsd ws61 v6">____________</span><span class="v0"> <span class="ff14">m</span> = 11 g O<span class="_1 blank"></span>. Pa<span class="_1 blank"></span>ra Dalton, CO<span class="fsd ls12 v2">2</span> = CO<span class="fsd ws22 v2">2</span>.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h23 y19b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">NH<span class="fsd ls12 v2">3</span><span class="ws3 v0"> = 12,6 g N <span class="ff13 fsd ws61 v6">____________</span> 3 g H</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h21 y19c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 4,2 g N <span class="ff13 fsd ws61 v6">____________</span> <span class="ff14">m</span> = 1 g H. Pa<span class="_1 blank"></span>ra Dalton, NH<span class="fsd ls12 v2">3</span> = NH.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y132 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 07 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ) Letra D.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y19d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws15">Inicialmen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te, os elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns fora<span class="_1 blank"></span>m chamados por \ue01co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mson de \u201c<span class="_1 blank"></span>raios </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y19e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws18">catódicos<span class="_0 blank"></span>\u201d<span class="_17 blank"></span>. Então, devemos a<span class="_1 blank"></span>nalisar<span class="_0 blank"></span>, para esse prob<span class="_1 blank"></span>lema, as carac-</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y19f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">terísticas do raio ca<span class="_1 blank"></span>tódico, os elétr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ons.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a0 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls27 wsa">O primeiro esquem<span class="_1 blank"></span>a mostra a hélice em movimen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to; logo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, a<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">partícula apresen<span class="_1 blank"></span>ta massa.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6d">O segundo esquema mostra a partícula s<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ofrendo um desvio para o </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">campo magnético positiv<span class="_1 blank"></span>o; logo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, sua carga será negati<span class="_1 blank"></span>va.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y1a4 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 08 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(CEFET<span class="_0 blank"></span>-MG) Le<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a5 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3 wsa">Segundo Dalton, os át<span class="_1 blank"></span>omos eram esfera<span class="_1 blank"></span>s maciças, indivisíveis e </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3e ws8">indestrutíveis, semelha<span class="_1 blank"></span>ntes a \u201cbolas de bilhar<span class="_1 blank"></span>\u201d<span class="_17 blank"></span>. Ainda segundo </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6e">esse cientista, á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomos de um mesmo e<span class="_1 blank"></span>lemento são iguais em s<span class="_1 blank"></span>uas </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws12">pro<span class="_1 blank"></span>priedades, unem-se em pro<span class="_1 blank"></span>porções de\ue01fnidas na formação de </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1a9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6f">novas s<span class="_1 blank"></span>ubstâncias e não podem ser criados ou destruídos, apenas </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1aa ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">reor<span class="_1 blank"></span>ganizados na formação de no<span class="_1 blank"></span>vas substâncias. </div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y1ab ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 09 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(UFMG) Letra A.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1ac ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lse wsb">Os raios ca<span class="_1 blank"></span>tódicos são atraídos para o polo positivo po<span class="_1 blank"></span>rque possuem </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1ad ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">carga nega<span class="_1 blank"></span>tiva, que ho<span class="_1 blank"></span>je é denominada elétron.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y1ae ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 10 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(UFSC) Letra C.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1af ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws4d">Ao m<span class="_1 blank"></span>over<span class="_1 blank"></span>em o cata-ven<span class="_1 blank"></span>to<span class="_1 blank"></span>, os elétrons p<span class="_1 blank"></span>ro<span class="_1 blank"></span>vam que possuem massa </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1b0 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 wsf">(tubo <span class="_1a blank"> </span><span class="ff14 ls0 ws2d">B</span><span class="ws65">); por serem a<span class="_1 blank"></span>traídos para a placa positiva, sabe-se que os </span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1b1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8">elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s possuem carga nega<span class="_1 blank"></span>tiva (tubo <span class="ff14">C</span>); pelo experimento do </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1b2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls26 ws70">tubo<span class="_3 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff14 ls0 ws2d">A<span class="ffa ls9 ws5">, po<span class="_3 blank"> </span>de-se perceber que os elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s se propaga<span class="_1 blank"></span>m em linha reta. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1b3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws42">O cátodo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, por ser o polo negativ<span class="_1 blank"></span>o, será o polo do qual os elétr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ons </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1b4 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws2b">partirão.</div><div class="t m0 xd h12 y1b5 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios de apr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ofunda<span class="_1 blank"></span>mento</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y1b6 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UNB \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada) </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1b7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5b">A televisão é feita de um tubo de vidro<span class="_0 blank"></span>, no qual, em uma extremi-</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1b8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5f">dade, encon<span class="_1 blank"></span>tra-se um emissor de elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s e na outra um r<span class="_1 blank"></span>eceptor<span class="_0 blank"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1b9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">que é a tela q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue vemos.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1ba ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws71">O cátodo é o agen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te r<span class="_1 blank"></span>esponsáve<span class="_1 blank"></span>l pela emissão de elétrons e está </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1bb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws1d">localizado no tubo de vidro<span class="_1 blank"></span>, possuindo um compo<span class="_1 blank"></span>rtamento bastan<span class="_1 blank"></span>te </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1bc ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws72">parecido com o de um<span class="_1 blank"></span>a lâmpada incandescen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te. A<span class="_1 blank"></span>o se aquecer<span class="_0 blank"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1bd ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws72">é percorrido por uma corr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ente elétrica e passa a emitir elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns. </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1be ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4d">Esse movimen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to de elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s, que é or<span class="_1 blank"></span>denado<span class="_1 blank"></span>, é chamado de feix<span class="_1 blank"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1bf ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">de elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c0 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls7 ws13">Os ânion<span class="_1 blank"></span>s atraem os elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns emitidos pelos cát<span class="_1 blank"></span>odos; eles são o p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>olo </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws57">positivo<span class="_1 blank"></span>. A<span class="_0 blank"></span>p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ós ser atraído<span class="_1 blank"></span>, o elétron é ace<span class="_1 blank"></span>lerado por um dispositivo </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws12">acelerador de elétr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ons, chega<span class="_1 blank"></span>ndo a outra extremidade do t<span class="_1 blank"></span>ubo, e </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">encon<span class="_1 blank"></span>tra a tela de fósfo<span class="_1 blank"></span>ro<span class="_1 blank"></span>, que é bem \ue01fna, emitindo brilho<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c4 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws73">Os elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns acelerados tendem a ir sem<span class="_1 blank"></span>pre para o cen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tro da tela, </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c5 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws74">porém, para q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue isso não ocorra, o tubo é equipado co<span class="_1 blank"></span>m várias </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws40">bobinas de dir<span class="_1 blank"></span>ecionamen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to de elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s. Essas bobinas são respon-</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">sáveis por criar um ca<span class="_1 blank"></span>mpo magnético dentr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o do tubo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, no qual faz </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1c8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">com que o f<span class="_1 blank"></span>eixe de elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s se mova na ho<span class="_1 blank"></span>rizontal e na vertical.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y1c9 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 lsb ws62">(UFMG)</span><span class="ls8 wsb"> <span class="_1 blank"></span>Segundo D<span class="_3 blank"> </span>alton, t<span class="_1 blank"></span>oda matéria é formada por unidades </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1ca ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws75">fundamen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tais chamadas á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomos, q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue são per<span class="_3 blank"> </span>pétuos e indivisíveis, </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1cb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls21 wsa">não podendo ser cr<span class="_3 blank"> </span>iados nem destruídos. T<span class="_0 blank"></span>odos os át<span class="_1 blank"></span>omos de </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1cc ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws76">um elemen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to químico são idênticos. Os co<span class="_1 blank"></span>mpostos químicos são </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1cd ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3 wsa">consti<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuídos de át<span class="_1 blank"></span>omos de elemen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tos químicos difer<span class="_1 blank"></span>entes n<span class="_1 blank"></span>uma </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1ce ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls7 wsb">pro<span class="_1 blank"></span>porção \ue01fxa. A<span class="_1 blank"></span>ssim, o com<span class="_1 blank"></span>posto K<span class="fsd ls3f ws63 v2">(s)</span> ap<span class="_1 blank"></span>resen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tará o maior n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1cf ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws13">de áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mos de potássio por unidade de vol<span class="_1 blank"></span>ume, pois a<span class="_1 blank"></span>presen<span class="_1 blank"></span>ta menos </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y1d0 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">espaços ou in<span class="_1 blank"></span>terstícios entr<span class="_1 blank"></span>e as esferas maciças.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x10 hf y69 ffe fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0">8</div><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x12 hf y6a fff fs6 fc3 sc0 ls11 ws1c">LIVRO DO<span class="_1 blank"></span> PROFESSOR</div><div class="t m0 x12 h10 y6b ff10 fsa fc4 sc0 ls0 ws3">Química I</div></div><div class="t m0 x13 ha yf8 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 4</div><div class="t m0 x10 h12 yf9 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios concei<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuais</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 yfa ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">01</span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yfb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8b">a. <span class="_16 blank"> </span>O ânion é a substâ<span class="_1 blank"></span>ncia que assume car<span class="_1 blank"></span>ga negativa pelo ganho </div><div class="t m0 x12 hc yfc ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">de elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s. P<span class="_1 blank"></span>ortanto<span class="_0 blank"></span>, é o Br-.</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yfd ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls43 ws8c">b.<span class="_3 blank"> </span> C<span class="_3 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"> </span><span class="fsd ls0 ws22 v6">2+</span><span class="ls0">:</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yfe ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls40 ws3"> <span class="ff14 ls0">p<span class="ffa"> = </span>Z<span class="ffa"> = 20; e<span class="fsd ws22 v6">\u2013</span> = 20 \u2013 2 = 18; </span>N<span class="ffa"> = </span>A<span class="ffa"> \u2013 </span>Z<span class="ffa"> = 40 \u2013 20 = 20.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1d1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1f ws8d"> Br</div><div class="t m0 x3a h24 y1d2 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">\u2013<span class="fs8 v2">:</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y100 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls40 ws3"> <span class="ff14 ls0">p<span class="ffa"> = </span>Z<span class="ffa"> = 35; e<span class="fsd ws22 v6">\u2013</span> = 35 + 1 = 36; </span>N<span class="ffa"> = </span>A<span class="ffa"> \u2013 </span>Z<span class="ffa"> = 81 \u2013 35 = 46.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y101 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">02 <span class="ffa fc0"> </span></span></div><div class="c x10 y1d3 w7 h25"><div class="t m1 x3b h26 y1d4 ff15 fsb fc5 sc0 ls0 ws77">+<span class="_1b blank"></span><span class="ff1c ls41 ws78">207 2</span></div><div class="t m1 x3c h27 y1d5 ff1c fsb fc5 sc0 ls41">82</div><div class="t m2 x3d h17 y1d6 ff1c fs8 fc5 sc0 ls0 ws2d">Pb</div></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1d7 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">P<span class="ffa ws3"> = </span>Z<span class="ffa ws3"> = 82 pró<span class="_1 blank"></span>tons</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1d8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">e<span class="fsd ws22 v6">\u2013</span><span class="ws3 v0"> = 82 \u2013 2 = 80 elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1d9 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">A<span class="ffa ws3"> = </span>P<span class="ffa ws3"> + </span>N<span class="ffa ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1da ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">207 = 82 + <span class="ff14">N</span> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1db ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">N<span class="ffa ws3"> = 125 nêutro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns.</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h1a y1dc ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">03</span> <span class="v0"> <span class="ffa fc0 ws8f">P<span class="_1 blank"></span>ara que o sist<span class="_1 blank"></span>ema contin<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue sendo puro<span class="_0 blank"></span>, as part<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ículas adicio-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1dd ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws87">nadas a ele devem pertencer ao mesmo elemen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to químico<span class="_1 blank"></span>. Sabe-se </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1de ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws72">que, ob<span class="_1 blank"></span>rigato<span class="_1 blank"></span>riamente, á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tom<span class="_1 blank"></span>os de um mesmo elemen<span class="_1 blank"></span>to químico </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1df ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">devem ter o mesmo n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>óto<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y1e0 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">04</span> <span class="ffa fc0">Pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esença de núcleo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, eletrosfera.</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y1e1 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">05</span> <span class="ffa fc0 lsd wsa">Esse modelo con<span class="_1 blank"></span>trariava a F<span class="_1 blank"></span>ísica clássica, segundo a qual o </span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1e2 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws90">áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo não poderia existir dessa forma, uma vez que os elétr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ons </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1e3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">perderiam energia e acabariam por ca<span class="_1 blank"></span>ir no núcleo<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h12 y1e4 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios con<span class="_1 blank"></span>textual<span class="_1 blank"></span>izados</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y1e5 ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">01</span> <span class="fc0 ls15 ws2c">\ue01fUFPB\ue01e</span><span class="fc0"> Letra C.</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1e6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3e wsa">Com base em seu s<span class="_3 blank"> </span>egundo experimento<span class="_1 blank"></span>, Ru<span class="_1 blank"></span>therford o<span class="_1 blank"></span>bser<span class="_3 blank"> </span>vou </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1e7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws91">que poucas partículas alfa rico<span class="_3 blank"> </span>cheteava<span class="_1 blank"></span>m, ou seja, o áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo teria </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1e8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws92">uma grande parte pra<span class="_1 blank"></span>ticamen<span class="_1 blank"></span>te vazia (eletrosfera) e uma pequena </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1e9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws93">parte maciça (núcleo). A co<span class="_1 blank"></span>nclusão de que o n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úcleo é positivo se </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1ea ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsd ws8">deu porq<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue algumas poucas partícu<span class="_3 blank"> </span>las alfa (que possuem carga </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1eb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws94">positiva) desviavam, o q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue refo<span class="_1 blank"></span>rça a tese de que o n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úcleo é bem </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1ec ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb">pequeno e positivo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, pois se fosse nega<span class="_1 blank"></span>tivo atra<span class="_1 blank"></span>iria as partíc<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ulas alfa, </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1ed ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">e não as desviariam.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y1ee ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(FMED-S<span class="_1 blank"></span>P) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra D.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h14 y1ef ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Hidr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ogênio \u2013 <span class="fsd ls12 v2">1</span><span class="ws2c v0">H<span class="fsd ws22 v6">1</span><span class="ws3">; <span class="ff14">n</span> = 0.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f0 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Deutério \u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v2">1</span><span class="ws2c">H<span class="fsd ls12 v6">2</span></span>; <span class="ff14">n</span> = 1.</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Ou seja, eles diferem quan<span class="_1 blank"></span>to ao n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de nêu<span class="_1 blank"></span>trons.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y1f2 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 03 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UFRS) Letra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f3 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Pa<span class="_1 blank"></span>ra o césio:</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f4 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">A<span class="ffa ws3"> = </span>p<span class="ffa ws3"> + </span>n</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f5 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">137 = 55 + <span class="ff14">n</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f6 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">n<span class="ffa ws3"> = 82.</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Pa<span class="_1 blank"></span>ra o bário:</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f8 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">A<span class="ffa ws3"> = </span>p<span class="ffa ws3"> + </span>n</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1f9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">138 = 56 + <span class="ff14">n</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1fa ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">n<span class="ffa ws3"> = 82.</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1fb ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">P<span class="_1 blank"></span>ortanto<span class="_0 blank"></span>, os átomos a<span class="_1 blank"></span>pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esentam o mesmo n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de nêu<span class="_1 blank"></span>trons.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y1fc ff13 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3"> <span class="fc1">04 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(CEFET<span class="_0 blank"></span>-MG \u2013 adaptada) Letra A.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1fd ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws43">A pra<span class="_1 blank"></span>ta apr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esenta númer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o atô<span class="_1 blank"></span>mico 47 e seu áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo neutro a<span class="_1 blank"></span>presen-</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y1fe ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">tará igual númer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de elétrons.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h1a y1ff ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(PUC-Camp) Letra A.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h1e y200 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0">4</div><div class="t m0 x10 h1e y201 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0">2</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y202 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls44 ws17"> He</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y203 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">A<span class="ffa ws3"> = 4 (2 pró<span class="_1 blank"></span>tons e 2 n<span class="_1 blank"></span>êutron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s).</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y204 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Z<span class="ffa ws3"> = 2 (pró<span class="_1 blank"></span>tons).</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h13 y205 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 06 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(PUC-MG \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada) Le<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y206 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws15">Pa<span class="_1 blank"></span>ra \ue01comson, cada á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomo seria formado por um<span class="_1 blank"></span>a grande região </div><div class="t m0 x10 hc y207 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">positiva, que co<span class="_1 blank"></span>ncentraria a massa do á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomo<span class="_0 blank"></span>, e p<span class="_3 blank"> </span>or elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns, que </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y132 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws50">neutralizariam essa car<span class="_1 blank"></span>ga positiva; ou seja, teríamos uma esfera de </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y133 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls33 ws13">carga elétrica positiva den<span class="_1 blank"></span>tro da qual estariam dispersos os elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s. </div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y166 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 07 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(CPS) Letra D.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y167 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls36 ws8">A eletrização de partículas com carga positiva ocorr<span class="_1 blank"></span>e devido à </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y168 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">perda de elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s. </div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y169 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 08 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UECE \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra C.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y16a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws75">Ru<span class="_1 blank"></span>therford ima<span class="_1 blank"></span>ginou que o á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomo seria com<span class="_1 blank"></span>posto por um núcleo </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y208 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1a">positivo e m<span class="_1 blank"></span>uito pequeno<span class="_1 blank"></span>. H<span class="_1 blank"></span>oje se sabe que o tamanho do á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomo </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y209 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws95">varia entr<span class="_1 blank"></span>e 10 mil a 100 mil vezes maior do que o tama<span class="_1 blank"></span>nho do seu </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y20a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb">núcleo<span class="_0 blank"></span>. E<span class="_3 blank"> </span>le também acredita<span class="_1 blank"></span>va que os elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns girava<span class="_1 blank"></span>m ao redor do </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y20b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">núcleo e neu<span class="_1 blank"></span>tralizavam a car<span class="_1 blank"></span>ga positiva deste.</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y20c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls36 ws8">Considerando as r<span class="_1 blank"></span>eais grandezas do n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úcleo e da eletrosfera do </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y20d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws54">áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo<span class="_1 blank"></span>, se comparadas às s<span class="_1 blank"></span>uas repr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esentações na \ue01fgura, o tamanho </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y20e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">da eletrosfera está desp<span class="_1 blank"></span>ropor<span class="_1 blank"></span>cional ao tamanho do n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úcleo<span class="_1 blank"></span>. </div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y20f ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 09 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(IFS<span class="_1 blank"></span>UL) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra A.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y210 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">F<span class="ffa">:</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y211 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">A<span class="ffa ws3"> = </span>Z<span class="ffa ws3"> + </span>N</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y212 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">19 \u2013 9 = <span class="ff14">N</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y213 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">N<span class="ffa ws3"> = 10.</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y214 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Mg:</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y215 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Z<span class="ffa ws3"> = n<span class="fsd ws22 v6">o</span> de e<span class="fsd ws22 v6">\u2013</span> (át<span class="_1 blank"></span>omo neutr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o)</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y216 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Z<span class="ffa ws3"> = 12.</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y217 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls45 ws79">Fe:</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y218 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Z<span class="ffa ws3"> = n<span class="fsd ws22 v6">o</span> de e<span class="fsd ws22 v6">\u2013</span> (át<span class="_1 blank"></span>omo neutr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o)</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y219 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">e<span class="fsd ws22 v6">\u2013</span><span class="ws3"> = 26.</span></div><div class="t m0 x3e h13 y21a ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws7a">El emento<span class="_1c blank"> </span><span class="ls8 ws7b">Prótons<span class="_1d blank"> </span></span><span class="ws7c">Nêutrons <span class="ls9 ws7d">El é tron s<span class="_1e blank"> </span><span class="ls0 ws2b">Massa</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3f h13 y21b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7e">F<span class="_d blank"> </span>9 <span class="ff13 ws7f">10 </span><span class="ws80">9 19</span></div><div class="t m0 x40 h13 y21c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws81">Mg <span class="ff13 ws82">12 </span><span class="ws83">12 12 24</span></div><div class="t m0 x1e h13 y21d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls45 ws84">Fe <span class="ls0 ws85">26 30 <span class="ff13 ws82">26 </span>56</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y21e ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 10 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(IFS<span class="_1 blank"></span>UL) Le<span class="_3 blank"> </span>tra A.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y21f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsf ws96">O áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo ganhou 1 e<span class="fsd ls0 v6">\u2013</span></div><div class="t m0 x41 hc y21f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsf ws96"> e \ue01fcou com 18 e<span class="fsd ls0 v6">\u2013</span></div><div class="t m0 x42 hc y21f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsf ws96">; então<span class="_1 blank"></span>, o át<span class="_1 blank"></span>omo neu<span class="_1 blank"></span>tro tem 17 e<span class="fsd ls0 v6">\u2013</span></div><div class="t m0 x43 hc y21f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">. </div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y220 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Pa<span class="_1 blank"></span>ra o áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo neutro <span class="ff14 ls42">p</span><span class="fsd ws22 v6">+</span> = e<span class="fsd v6">\u2013</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y221 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Assim, o á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomo n<span class="_1 blank"></span>eutro a<span class="_1 blank"></span>presen<span class="_1 blank"></span>ta 17 prót<span class="_1 blank"></span>ons e massa:</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y222 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">A<span class="ffa ws3"> = </span>Z<span class="ffa ws3"> + </span>n<span class="ffa">.</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y223 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Z<span class="ffa ws3"> = 17 + 20 = 37.</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h12 y224 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios de apr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ofunda<span class="_1 blank"></span>mento</div><div class="t m0 x14 h13 y225 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ) <span class="_1a blank"> </span></span><span class="ws97">Se o prót<span class="_1 blank"></span>on possui a carga e<span class="_1 blank"></span>létrica de 1 unidade de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y226 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">carga, a soma dos <span class="ff14 ls46 ws1b">quarks </span> do próto<span class="_1 blank"></span>n deve ser 1.</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y227 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Pró<span class="_1 blank"></span>ton = 2 <span class="ff14 ls46 ws86">quarks </span> u , 1 <span class="ff14 ls46 ws1b">qu ar k </span> d</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y228 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">2 · u + 1 · d = 1.</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y229 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">O nêutro<span class="_1 blank"></span>n possui carga zer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o, log<span class="_1 blank"></span>o:</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y22a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Nêu<span class="_1 blank"></span>tron = 2 <span class="ff14 ls46 ws86">quarks </span> d e 1 u</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y22b ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">2 · d + 1u = 0.</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y22c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Mo<span class="_1 blank"></span>ntan<span class="_1 blank"></span>do um sistema entr<span class="_1 blank"></span>e as duas equações: </div><div class="t m0 x44 hc y22d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws87">2u <span class="ls47 ws88">+d<span class="ls48">=1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x3e hc y22e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws87">1u <span class="ls49 ws89">+2<span class="_17 blank"></span><span class="ls4a ws8a">d=<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0">0</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x44 hc y22f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws87">4u <span class="ls49 ws89">+2<span class="_17 blank"></span><span class="ls4a ws8a">d=<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls0">2</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x45 hc y230 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws59">1u<span class="_1f blank"> </span>2d <span class="ls49">=0</span></div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y231 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01f</div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y232 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01e</div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y233 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01d</div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y234 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01c</div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y235 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01d</div><div class="t m0 x3e h28 y236 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls4b">\ue01b\ue01b</div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y237 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01f</div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y238 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01e</div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y239 ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01d</div><div class="c x14 y23a w8 h29"><div class="t m0 x47 h28 y23b ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01c</div></div><div class="t m0 x46 h28 y23c ff1d fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">\ue01d</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y23d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">3u = 2</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y23e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">u = +2/3.</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y23f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Substi<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuindo em (2):</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y240 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">+2/3 + 2d = 0</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y241 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">2d = \u20132/3</div><div class="t m0 x14 hc y242 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">d = \u20131/3.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bg9.png"><div class="c x7 y11 w2 h8"><div class="t m0 x38 hf y6a ffe fs6 fc3 sc0 ls11 ws1c">LIVRO DO<span class="_1 blank"></span> PROFESSOR</div><div class="t m0 x39 h10 y6b ff9 fsa fc4 sc0 ls0 ws3">Química I</div></div><div class="t m0 x11 hf y69 ffe fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0">9</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y132 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ls2e wsaf">(UD<span class="_1 blank"></span>ESC \u2013 adaptada)<span class="ffa wsa"> Se o núcleo não tives<span class="_1 blank"></span>se nêutrons, os<span class="_1 blank"></span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y133 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">pró<span class="_1 blank"></span>tons sen<span class="_1 blank"></span>tiriam muit<span class="_1 blank"></span>o inten<span class="_1 blank"></span>samente a p<span class="_1 blank"></span>resença um do outr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o e </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y166 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">se atrairiam, levando<span class="_0 blank"></span>, assim, à colisão do núcleo<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 xc ha y243 ff8 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Módulo 5</div><div class="t m0 xa h12 y244 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios concei<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuais</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y245 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ws2b">(MA<span class="_0 blank"></span>CKENZIE-SP)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y246 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">6<span class="ff14">x</span><span class="ws3"> + 8 = 3<span class="ff14">x</span> + 20</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y247 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">x<span class="ffa ws3"> = 4</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h2a y248 ffa fse fc0 sc0 ls4f ws9b">34 <span class="ls0">3</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h2a y249 ffa fse fc0 sc0 ls50 ws9c">64 <span class="ls0">8</span></div><div class="t m0 x48 h2a y248 ffa fse fc0 sc0 ls50 ws9c">24 <span class="ls0">8</span></div><div class="t m0 x49 h2a y249 ffa fse fc0 sc0 ls4f ws9b">34 <span class="ls51">20</span></div><div class="c xa y24a w9 h2b"><div class="t m0 x47 h2a y24b ffa fse fc0 sc0 ls51">15</div></div><div class="t m0 x12 h2a y24c ffa fse fc0 sc0 ls51">32</div><div class="c xa y24a w9 h2b"><div class="t m0 x4a h2a y24b ffa fse fc0 sc0 ls51">16</div></div><div class="t m0 x4b h2a y24c ffa fse fc0 sc0 ls51">32</div><div class="t m0 x4c hc y24d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8b"> e </div><div class="t m0 xb hc y24e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8b"> e </div><div class="t m0 x2c h2c y248 ff1e fse fc0 sc0 ls52">\ue01f\ue01e</div><div class="t m0 x2c h2c y249 ff1e fse fc0 sc0 ls52">\ue01f\ue01e</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2c y248 ff1e fse fc0 sc0 ls52">\ue01f\ue01e</div><div class="t m0 x4d h2c y249 ff1e fse fc0 sc0 ls52">\ue01f\ue01e</div><div class="c xa y24a w9 h2b"><div class="t m0 x4e h17 y24f ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls53">AB</div></div><div class="t m0 x17 h17 y250 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls54">AB</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y251 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">n<span class="fsd ws9d v2">A</span><span class="ffa ws3"> = 32 \u2013 15 = 17.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h14 y252 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">Z<span class="fsd ls4c v2">B</span><span class="ffa ws3 v0"> = 16.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y253 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h2d y254 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">5<span class="ff14 fs8 ws2d v6">A</span><span class="v8">3<span class="ff14">x</span><span class="ws3"> \u2013 5<span class="_20 blank"> </span><span class="ls4d v9">6</span><span class="ff14 fs8 ws2d v7">B</span><span class="va">2<span class="ff14">x</span> + 1</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2e y255 ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0">3<span class="ff14">x</span><span class="ws3"> \u2013 10 nêutro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns<span class="_14 blank"> </span>2<span class="ff14">x</span> \u2013 5 nêutrons</span></div><div class="t m0 x4f hc y256 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws9e">is óton o s</div><div class="t m0 xa h2e y257 ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls55 wsb4">Com<span class="_3 blank"> </span>o <span class="ff14 ls0">A<span class="ffa ws3"> e </span>B<span class="ffa ws3"> são is<span class="_3 blank"> </span>óton<span class="_1 blank"></span>os:</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2e y258 ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0">3<span class="ff14">x</span><span class="ws3"> \u2013 10 = 2<span class="ff14">x</span> \u2013 5</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2e y259 ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0">3<span class="ff14">x</span><span class="ws3"> \u2013 2<span class="ff14">x</span> = \u2013 5 + 10</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2e y25a ff14 fsa fc0 sc0 ls0">x<span class="ffa ws3"> = 5.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2e y25b ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Substi<span class="_1 blank"></span>tuindo o valor de <span class="ff14">x</span>, temos:</div><div class="t m0 xa h2e y25c ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">N<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de massa de <span class="ff14">A</span> = 3<span class="ff14">x</span> \u2013 5</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y25d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">3(5) \u2013 5 = 10.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y25e ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">N<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de massa de <span class="ff14 fs8">B<span class="ffa"> = 2</span>x<span class="ffa"> + 1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y25f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">2(5) + 1 = 11.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y260 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 03 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UEPG \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2f y261 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">92<span class="fs8 ws2c v6">U</span><span class="v8">234</span><span class="fs8 ws3 v6">: 234 \u2013 92 = 142.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2f y262 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">92<span class="fs8 ws2c v6">U</span><span class="v8">235</span><span class="fs8 ws3 v6">: 235 \u2013 92 = 143.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h30 y263 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">92<span class="fs8 ws2c v6">U</span><span class="v8">238</span><span class="fs8 ws3 v6">: 238 \u2013 92 = 146.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y264 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 04 <span class="ffa fc0 ws59 v0"> Isót<span class="_1 blank"></span>opos: <span class="ff14">A</span><span class="ws3"> e <span class="ff14">C</span> (mesmo número de p<span class="_1 blank"></span>róto<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns).</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y265 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Isóbar<span class="_1 blank"></span>os: <span class="ff14">B</span> e <span class="ff14">E</span>, <span class="ff14">C</span> e <span class="ff14">D</span> (mesmo núm<span class="_1 blank"></span>ero de massa).</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y266 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Isót<span class="_1 blank"></span>onos: <span class="ff14">B</span> e <span class="ff14">C</span>, <span class="ff14">D</span> e <span class="ff14">E</span> (mesmo n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de nêu<span class="_1 blank"></span>trons). </div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y267 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05 <span class="ffa fc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa h31 y268 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">78<span class="ff14 fs8 ws2d v6">X</span><span class="v8">174</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y269 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">n<span class="ffa ws3"> = 96.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h17 y26a ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Z</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y26b ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">n<span class="ffa ws3"> = 98.</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y26c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws15">C<span class="_3 blank"> </span>omo <span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ff14 ls0">X<span class="ffa wsa"> e </span>Z<span class="ffa wsa"> são isóbaros, </span>Z<span class="ffa wsa"> tam<span class="_1 blank"></span>bém tem 174 de massa. Como </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y26d ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">A<span class="ffa ws3"> \u2013 </span>n<span class="ffa ws3"> = </span>p<span class="ffa ws3">, <span class="fsd ws22 v2">76</span></span><span class="ws2d">Z<span class="ffa fsd v6">174</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y26e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws15">C<span class="_3 blank"> </span>omo <span class="ff14 ls0">Z<span class="ffa wsb5"> e </span>Y<span class="ffa wsb5"> são isótopos, </span>Y<span class="ffa wsb5"> também possui 76 pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>óton<span class="_1 blank"></span>s. Se <span class="ff14">Y</span> é um </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y26f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws18">áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo neutr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o, o seu n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>óto<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns é igual ao seu número de </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y270 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s. Então<span class="_1 blank"></span>, <span class="ff14">Y</span> tem 76 elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns.</div><div class="t m0 xa h12 y271 ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios con<span class="_1 blank"></span>textual<span class="_1 blank"></span>izados</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y272 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ) Letra D.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y273 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb6">Como o át<span class="_1 blank"></span>omo descrito na \ue01fgura possui a<span class="_1 blank"></span>penas um pró<span class="_1 blank"></span>ton, esse </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y274 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls21 wsa">áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo é o hidrogênio<span class="_0 blank"></span>. A \ue01fgura, então, r<span class="_1 blank"></span>efere-se ao hidrog<span class="_1 blank"></span>ênio </div><div class="t m0 xa hc y275 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">pesado (deutério), já que ele possui um nêutr<span class="_1 blank"></span>on.</div><div class="t m0 xa h13 y276 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UFF \u2013 ada<span class="_1 blank"></span>ptada) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra D<span class="_1 blank"></span>.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xa hc y277 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomos i<span class="_1 blank"></span>sóbaros: mesmo n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de massa.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y278 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomos i<span class="_1 blank"></span>sótopos: mesmo n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>óto<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns.</div><div class="t m0 xa hc y279 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomos i<span class="_1 blank"></span>sótonos: mesmo n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de n<span class="_1 blank"></span>êutron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y132 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 03 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UNES<span class="_1 blank"></span>P) L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>etra D.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y19d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws8">Consultan<span class="_1 blank"></span>do a tabela fornecida, percebe-se que o cr<span class="_1 blank"></span>omo tem<span class="_1 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y19e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">númer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o atô<span class="_1 blank"></span>mico igual a 24 e seu número de elétr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ons tam<span class="_1 blank"></span>bém é 24. <span class="_17 blank"></span><span class="ws3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y19f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb7">Entr<span class="_1 blank"></span>etanto<span class="_0 blank"></span>, o Cr<span class="fsd ws22 v6">3+</span><span class="v0"> é um c<span class="_3 blank"> </span>átion q<span class="_1 blank"></span>ue perdeu três elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns, passando </span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y27a ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">a possuir 21 elétron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y27b ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 04 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UCS-RS) Letra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y27c ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls3b ws9f">Na<span class="fsd ls0 v6">+</span></div><div class="t m0 x22 hc y27d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls8 wsb8"> tem 10 elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns e o Mg <span class="fsd ls56 wsa0 v6">2+</span> tem 10 elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns, logo são isoeletrônicos.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y27e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2a wsb">N<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de nêu<span class="_1 blank"></span>trons do N<span class="_0 blank"></span>a = 12 e número de nêu<span class="_1 blank"></span>trons do Mg = 12.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y27f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">P<span class="_1 blank"></span>ortanto<span class="_0 blank"></span>, os átomos são isót<span class="_1 blank"></span>onos.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y280 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 05 <span class="ffa fc0 v0"> <span class="ff13">(FEI-S<span class="_1 blank"></span>P \u2013 adaptada) Letra A.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y281 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5f">O aluno <span class="ff14">X</span>, n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero 15, esqueceu de somar 2 pa<span class="_1 blank"></span>ra obter o n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y282 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">de nêutro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns, então <span class="ff14">Z</span> = 15, <span class="ff14">p</span> = 15, <span class="ff14">n</span> = 15 e <span class="ff14">A</span> = 30.</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y283 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">O outr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o aluno<span class="_1 blank"></span>, o <span class="ff14">Y</span>, númer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de <span class="ff14">n</span> = <span class="ff14">Z</span> + 2</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y284 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">30 = <span class="ff14">Z</span> + <span class="ff14">N</span> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y285 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">30 = <span class="ff14">Z</span> + <span class="ff14">Z</span> + 2</div><div class="t m0 xd hc y286 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">28 = 2<span class="ff14">Z</span> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y287 ff14 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0">Z<span class="ffa ws3"> = 14.</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y288 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 06 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ws2b">(IFS<span class="_1 blank"></span>UL)<span class="fsa ws3"> </span><span class="ls9 wsf">L<span class="_3 blank"> </span>et<span class="_3 blank"> </span>ra<span class="_3 blank"> </span> B.</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h27 y289 ff1f fsb fc5 sc0 ls57 wsa1">60 +2</div><div class="t m0 x15 h32 y28a ff1f fsb fc5 sc0 ls41 wsa2">27 <span class="fs8 ls2 vb">Co</span></div><div class="t m0 x50 h17 y28b ff1f fs8 fc5 sc0 ls4 ws30">27</div><div class="t m0 x15 h17 y28c ff1f fs8 fc5 sc0 ls4 wsa3">e 25</div><div class="t m0 x51 h17 y28d ff1f fs8 fc5 sc0 ls4 wsa4">\u2013<span class="_21 blank"> </span>= 60 \u2013 27<span class="_22 blank"> </span>= 33.</div><div class="t m0 x52 h17 y28b ff14 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls0">p</div><div class="t m0 x15 h17 y28d ff14 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls4e wsa5">nAZ</div><div class="t m0 x1e h26 y28e ff15 fsb fc5 sc0 ls0">\u2212</div><div class="t m0 x53 h18 y28b ff15 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls0">=</div><div class="t m0 x22 h18 y28c ff15 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls0">=</div><div class="t m0 x3f h18 y28d ff15 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls0">=</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y28f ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 07 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UTFPR) Letra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2e y290 ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">São isóbaros por<span class="_1 blank"></span>que ap<span class="_1 blank"></span>resentam o mesm<span class="_1 blank"></span>o númer<span class="_1 blank"></span>o de massa (137).</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y291 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 08 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ) Letra B.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2e y292 ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb9">Á<span class="_1 blank"></span>tomos isó<span class="_1 blank"></span>topos possuem o mesmo núm<span class="_1 blank"></span>ero de pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ótons; log<span class="_1 blank"></span>o, a razão </div><div class="t m0 xd h2e y293 ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">entre a<span class="_1 blank"></span>s cargas positivas exist<span class="_1 blank"></span>entes no n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úcleo é 1.</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y294 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 09 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UTFPR) Letra E.</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2e y295 ffa fsa fc0 sc0 ls0 wsba">O praseodímio-141 apr<span class="_1 blank"></span>esenta 59 pr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ótons e 82 n<span class="_1 blank"></span>êutron<span class="_1 blank"></span>s em seu núcleo:</div><div class="t m0 x54 h33 y296 ffa fs8 fc1 sc0 ls58 wsa6">Át o m o<span class="_23 blank"> </span><span class="ls2a ws4 vc">Represen<span class="ls0">-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x55 hc y297 ffa fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws2c">tação</div><div class="t m0 x56 hc y298 ffa fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">N<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de </div><div class="t m0 x26 hc y297 ffa fs8 fc1 sc0 ls8 wsa7">protons</div><div class="t m0 x28 hc y298 ffa fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">N<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero </div><div class="t m0 x27 hc y297 ffa fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3">de nêutro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns</div><div class="t m0 x40 hc y299 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls7 wsa8">Praseodímio-141 <span class="ff20 fsb fc5 ls41 vd">141</span></div><div class="c x57 y29a wa h25"><div class="t m0 x58 h27 y29b ff20 fsb fc5 sc0 ls41">59</div></div><div class="t m0 x59 h34 y29c ff20 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls0 wsa9">Pr <span class="ffa fc0 ve">59</span></div><div class="t m0 x5a hc y29d ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">141 \u2013 59 = 89</div><div class="t m0 x5b hc y29e ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">Isót<span class="_1 blank"></span>ono do </div><div class="t m0 xf hc y29f ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">neodímio-142</div><div class="t m0 x5c hc y2a0 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 lsb wsaa">Isótop o s :</div><div class="t m0 x3f h35 y2a1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsab">Neodímio-142 <span class="ff21 fsb fc5 ls41 vf">142</span></div><div class="c x24 y2a2 wb h36"><div class="t m0 x58 h27 y2a3 ff21 fsb fc5 sc0 ls59">60</div></div><div class="t m0 x5d h37 y2a4 ff21 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls36 wsac">Nd <span class="ffa fc0 ls0 ws3 v0">60<span class="_24 blank"> </span>142 \u2013 60 = 82</span></div><div class="t m0 x3f h38 y2a5 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsad">Neodímio-144 <span class="ff22 fsb fc5 ls41 vf">144</span></div><div class="c x24 y2a6 wb h25"><div class="t m0 x58 h27 y2a7 ff22 fsb fc5 sc0 ls59">60</div></div><div class="t m0 x5d h37 y2a8 ff22 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls36 wsae">Nd <span class="ffa fc0 ls0 ws3 v0">60<span class="_24 blank"> </span>144 \u2013 60 = 84</span></div><div class="t m0 x3f h38 y2a9 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsad">Neodímio-146 <span class="ff23 fsb fc5 ls41 vf">146</span></div><div class="c x24 y2aa wb h25"><div class="t m0 x58 h27 y2a7 ff23 fsb fc5 sc0 ls59">60</div></div><div class="t m0 x5d h37 y2ab ff23 fs8 fc5 sc0 ls36 wsac">Nd <span class="ffa fc0 ls0 ws3 v0">60<span class="_24 blank"> </span>146 \u2013 60 = 86</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h12 y2ac ff12 fsc fc4 sc0 ls1e ws34">Exercícios de apr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ofunda<span class="_1 blank"></span>mento</div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y2ad ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 01 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13">(UERJ)</span> São 18 ti<span class="_1 blank"></span>pos diferent<span class="_1 blank"></span>es de água.</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h39 y2ae ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">1<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H \u2013 </span>16<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">O \u2013 </span><span class="ls12">1</span><span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H / </span><span class="ls12">2</span><span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H \u2013 </span>16<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">O \u2013 </span>2<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H / </span><span class="ls12">3</span><span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H \u2013 </span>16<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">O \u2013 </span><span class="ls12">3</span><span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H / </span>1<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H \u2013 </span>16<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">O \u2013 </span>2<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H / </span>1<span class="fs8 ws3 v2">H </span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y2af ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v6">16</span>O \u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v6">3</span>H / <span class="fsd ws22 v6">2</span>H \u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v6">16</span>O \u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v6">3</span>H</div><div class="t m0 xd h39 y2b0 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls12">1<span class="fs8 ls0 ws41 v2">H \u2013 </span><span class="ls0 ws22">17<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">O \u2013 </span>1<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H / </span>2<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H \u2013 </span>17<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">O \u2013 </span>2<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H / </span>3<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H \u2013 </span>17<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">O \u2013 </span></span>3<span class="fs8 ls0 ws41 v2">H / </span>1<span class="fs8 ls0 ws41 v2">H \u2013 </span><span class="ls0 ws22">17<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">O \u2013 </span>2<span class="fs8 ws41 v2">H / </span>1<span class="fs8 ws3 v2">H </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y2b1 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">\u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v6">17</span>O \u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v6">3</span>H / <span class="fsd ws22 v6">2</span>H \u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v6">17</span>O \u2013 <span class="fsd ws22 v6">3</span>H</div><div class="t m0 xd h39 y2b2 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls12">1<span class="fs8 ls0 ws2a v2">H \u2013 </span><span class="ls0 ws22">18<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">O \u2013 </span></span>1<span class="fs8 ls0 ws2a v2">H / </span><span class="ls0 ws22">2<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">H \u2013 </span>18<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">O \u2013 </span></span>2<span class="fs8 ls0 ws2a v2">H / </span><span class="ls0 ws22">3<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">H \u2013 </span>18<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">O \u2013 </span>3<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">H / </span>1<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">H \u2013 </span>18<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">O \u2013 </span>2<span class="fs8 ws2a v2">H / </span></span>1<span class="fs8 ls0 ws2a v2">H \u2013 </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h39 y2b3 ffa fsd fc0 sc0 ls0 ws22">18<span class="fs8 ws3 v2">O \u2013 </span><span class="ls12">3</span><span class="fs8 ws3 v2">H / </span>2<span class="fs8 ws3 v2">H \u2013 </span>18<span class="fs8 ws3 v2">O \u2013 </span><span class="ls12">3</span><span class="fs8 v2">H.</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h13 y2b4 ff13 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws3"> 02 <span class="ffa fc0"> <span class="ff13 ws2b">(MA<span class="_0 blank"></span>CKENZIE-SP)</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd hc y2b5 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws67">Em um áto<span class="_1 blank"></span>mo neutr<span class="_1 blank"></span>o, o n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero a<span class="_1 blank"></span>tômico r<span class="_1 blank"></span>epresen<span class="_1 blank"></span>ta ao mesmo </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y2b6 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1a">tempo o n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de p<span class="_1 blank"></span>róto<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns e de elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns. Como o íon tem car<span class="_1 blank"></span>ga </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y2b7 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsbc">+3, ocorreu a perda de três elétr<span class="_1 blank"></span>ons, ou seja, o n<span class="_1 blank"></span>úmero de elétro<span class="_1 blank"></span>ns </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y2b8 ffa fs8 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">vai ser dado por <span class="ff14">x</span> \u2013 3.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/e99ad81b-af6b-4a90-99bd-23fbbdfd77c8/bga.png"></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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