Systems Design Thinking

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"WHAT IS SYSTEMS DESIGN THINKING?" 
 ...and why should we care? 
Dafyd Rawlings RA, LEED-AP: BDC 
WE ARE FACING MANY CHALLENGES 
 
 
 
 
 
FIVE MAIN CATEGORIES: 
• POPULATION 
• CLIMATE 
• WATER 
• AGRICULTURE 
• ENERGY 
ALL FACTORS 
HAVE TO DUE WITH STRAIN 
ON THE ECOLOGICAL 
CARRYING CAPACITY 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Fossil Fuel Depletion - “Peak Oil” 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Continuing War Over Oil 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Inefficient Energy Usage 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Climate Change: Drought 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Climate Change: Growing Demand for Dwindling Water Supplies 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Climate Change: Sea Level Rise 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Uninhabitable Areas 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Mass Migration 
 
 
 
http://www.therefugeeproject.org 
CHALLENGES 
 
• War and Violence 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Disease 
 
Cholera 
Influenza 
Malaria 
SARS 
Smallpox 
Tuberculosis 
Obesity 
Cancer 
Yellow Fever 
Ebola 
Hepatitis 
HIV 
Polio 
Dengue 
Japanese Encephalitis 
Leishmaniasis 
Measles 
Meningitis 
Typhoid 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
• Epidemics 
 
 
 
CHALLENGES 
 
LONG RANGE FORECASTS 
 
IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] 
advises eliminating fossil fuels by 2100 
 
Report from Univ. of Maryland & Univ. of Minnesota 
Using NASA data algorithms 
Predicts radical change to globe in next 20 years 
 
Naomi Klein 
reducing our greenhouse emissions is our best chance 
to simultaneously reduce gaping inequalities, 
re-imagine our broken democracies, 
and rebuild our gutted local economies 
 
 
 
 
 
THAT WAS THE BAD NEWS. 
 
THE GOOD NEWS IS... 
 
We can: 
 
• increase powers of observation 
• find answers to pressing world problems 
• honor relationships 
• create systems that are efficient, ecological and economical 
• produce life-supporting dynamics 
• facilitate harmony 
• realize that humanity is part of a system rather than the master of it 
• understand that a culture of holistic design thinking does not destroy 
 
 
 
 
behavior 
PHYSICAL / 
MATERIAL 
WORLD 
PSYCHOLOGICAL / 
EMOTIONAL 
FEELINGS 
SPIRITUAL / 
PHILOSOPHICAL 
BELIEFS 
ECONOMIC / 
FINANCIAL 
CONSIDERATIONS 
SOCIO- 
CULTURAL 
ASPECTS 
thought 
process 
expectations 
budgets 
priorities 
“The Commons” 
religion 
outlook 
on life 
practice 
feelings 
elements 
biology 
geography 
ceremony 
& ritual 
politics 
YOU 
the 
DESIGNER 
COMPARISON OF INDUSTRIAL & SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS 
 
 INDUSTRIAL SUSTAINABLE 
 
ENERGY BASE Non-renewable Renewable 
 
MATERIAL FLOW Linear Cyclical 
 
NATURAL ASSETS Consumption Storage 
 
ORGANIZATION Centralized Distributed Network 
 
SCALE Large Small 
 
MOVEMENT Fast Slow 
 
FEEDBACK Positive Negative 
 
FOCUS Center Edge 
 
ACTIVITY Episodic Change Rhythmic Stability 
 
THINKING Reductionist Holistic 
 
GENDER Masculine Feminine 
DESIGN PRINCIPLES 
 
Observe and Interact: Patterns, Mindful Design 
Catch and Store Energy and Materials 
Design from Patterns to Details, Elements & Functions 
Use Small and Slow Solutions 
 
 
Use and Value Renewable Resources and Services 
Recycle Energy and Produce no Waste 
Accelerate Succession & Use and Value Diversity 
Use Edges & Value the Marginal 
 
 
Obtain a Yield 
Apply Self-Regulation, Accept Feedback 
Integrate Rather than Segregate – Yields Can Be Unlimited 
Creatively Respond to Change 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 1 
 
FUNCTION: Observe and Interact: Patterns, Mindful Design 
 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 2 
 
FUNCTION: Catch and Store Energy and Materials 
 
 
 
• Natural Capital 
 
• Small-scale: diverse, small, dispersed, easily-used, lower value 
 
• Cultural Energy: government, education, economy 
 
• Descent Strategies: outside contributions, knowledge systems, local, 
 pre-existing culture, accepting evolution, mindful technology 
 
• Asset Building 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 3 
 
FUNCTION: Design from Patterns to Details, Elements & Functions 
 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 3 
 
FUNCTION: Design from Patterns to Details, Elements & Functions 
 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 3 
 
FUNCTION: Design from Patterns to Details, Elements & Functions 
 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS: breed, color, tolerances, specific behavior 
NEEDS: 
• shelter 
• grit 
• dust 
• water 
• air 
• food 
• other chickens 
PRODUCTS/ 
BEHAVIORS: 
• eggs 
• meat 
• feathers 
• manure 
• methane 
• CO2 
• scratching 
• foraging 
• flying 
• fighting 
• noises 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 3 
 
FUNCTION: Design from Patterns to Details, Elements & Functions 
 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 4 
 
FUNCTION: Use Small and Slow Solutions 
 
 
 
FERTILIZER 
SNAIL PATROL 
FEEDING 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 5 
 
SYSTEMS: Use and Value Renewable Resources and Services 
 
 
 
Oxygen 
Food 
Fuel 
Building materials 
Mulch 
Shade 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 6 
 
SYSTEMS: Recycle Energy and Produce no Waste 
 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 7 
 
SYSTEMS: Accelerate Succession & Use and Value Diversity 
 
 
 
USE WHAT 
YOU ALREADY 
HAVE 
SUBSTITUTE ELEMENTS 
THAT WILL 
FOSTER 
SUCCESSION 
RAISE 
PRODUCTIVITY 
ARTIFICIALLY AND TEMPORARILY 
INTRODUCE ELEMENTS 
THAT WILL 
SURVIVE 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 7 
 
SYSTEMS: Accelerate Succession & Use and Value Diversity 
 
 
 
THINKING STYLESs 
LANGUAGES 
ETHNICITYs 
RELIGIONs 
PERSPECTIVEs 
CULTUREs 
SKILLSs 
GENDERs 
EXPERIENCESs 
SEXUAL 
ORIENTATIONs 
AGEs 
NATIONALITY 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 8 
 
SYSTEMS: Use Edges & Value the Marginal 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 8 
 
SYSTEMS: Use Edges & Value the Marginal 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 9 
 
ATTITUDES: Obtain a Yield 
 
 
 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 10 
 
ATTITUDES: Apply Self-Regulation 
 Accept Feedback 
 
 
 
• Mistakes = Tools for Learning 
• Evaluate Trials 
• Tri-partite Altruism 
• Energy Hierarchies 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 11 
 
ATTITUDES: Integrate Rather Than Segregate – Yields Can Be Unlimited 
 
 
 
• Relationships 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 11 
 
ATTITUDES: Integrate Rather Than Segregate – Yields Can Be Unlimited 
 
 
 
• Community: local structures, cross-fertilization, minimal dependency on 
 technology, incrementalism, intentional, shared commons 
• Imagination: only limit to a system 
DESIGN PRINCIPLE 12 
 
ATTITUDES: Creatively Respond to Change 
 
 
 
• Constraints 
• Turn Problems into Solutions 
• Pulse 
• Chaos 
• Evolution 
• Emergence 
The Butterfly Effect 
Unpredictability 
Order / Disorder 
Turbulence 
Feedback 
Fractals 
x 
 
SO WHAT? 
 
THERE IS NO OTHER REASON 
TO KNOW AND THINK ABOUT SYSTEMATIC DESIGN 
THAN TO SOLVE PROBLEMS. 
 
 
Do you agree? Why or why not? 
x 
 
• Observe, Interact, Patterns, Mindfulness 
• Apply Self-Regulation 
• Value the Margin 
• Integrate Rather Than Segregate 
x 
 
• Observe, Interact, Patterns, Mindfulness 
• Apply Self-Regulation 
• Value the Margin 
• Integrate Rather Than Segregate 
x 
 
• Observe, Interact, Patterns, Mindfulness 
• Apply Self-Regulation 
• Value the Margin 
• Integrate Rather Than Segregate 
x 
 
• Observe, Interact, Patterns, Mindfulness 
• Catch and Store Energy 
• Use Small and Slow Solutions 
• Value the Margin 
x 
 
• Use and Value Renewable Resources and Services 
• Obtain a Yield 
• Creatively Respond to Change 
x 
 
• Catch and Store Energy andMaterials 
• Recycle Energy and Materials 
• Creatively Respond to Change 
x 
 
• Use Small and Slow Solutions 
• Recycle Energy 
x 
 
• Catch and Store Energy and Materials 
• Use Small and Slow Solutions 
• Value the Margin 
x 
 
• Mindful Design 
• Elements and Functions 
• Value Resources 
• Recycle Energy 
x 
 
• Use Small and Slow Solutions 
• Use and Value Diversity 
x 
 
• Catch and Store Energy 
• Use Small and Slow Solutions 
• Recycle Energy & Produce No Waste 
• Obtain a Yield 
x 
 
• Catch and Store Energy 
• Use Small and Slow Solutions 
• Value the Margin 
x 
 
• Accelerate Succession 
• Integrate Rather Than 
 Segregate 
 
x 
 
• Observe, Interact, Patterns, Mindfulness 
• Catch and Store Energy 
• Use Small and Slow Solutions 
x 
 
• Observe & Interact 
 • Catch and Store Energy 
 • Use Small and Slow Solutions 
 • Recycle Energy 
 • Value the Margin 
x 
 
• Catch and Store Energy 
• Design from Pattern to Details 
• Use Small and Slow Solutions 
• Value the Margin 
x 
 
• Observe, Interact, Mindfulness 
• Accelerate Succession 
• Value Diversity 
• Obtain a Yield 
SO, WHAT”S NEXT? 
 
THERE IS 
AN INCREASING NEED 
FOR AN EXPANDED SENSE 
OF THE SOCIAL OBLIGATION 
TO THE WORLD 
 
 
DESIGN AS... 
 
...A SKILL FOR GOOD 
 
PERHAPS AS AN ACTIVIST ACTIVITY? 
DESIGN FOR SOCIAL NEEDS 
DESIGN FOR ECONOMIC NEEDS 
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS 
DESIGN TO ALLOW FOR PARTICIPATION 
DESIGN FOR THE INTEREST OF THE PUBLIC 
DESIGN FOR OUR CHILDREN'S BENEFIT 
DESIGN FOR OUR HEALTH 
DESIGN FOR SMALL BUSINESS 
DESIGN FOR PEOPLE WHO GROW OUR FOOD 
DESIGN FOR CLEAN WATER TRANSPORTATION 
DESIGN FOR EMPOWERMENT 
DESIGN FOR REFRIGERATION 
DESIGN FOR BEAUTY 
DESIGN FOR TRANSIENT WORKER HOUSING 
DESIGN USING ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS 
DESIGN FOR THE HOMELESS 
DESIGN USING SALVAGED MATERIALS 
DESIGN USING RECYCLED MATERIALS 
TRANSFORMATIVE DESIGN 
DESIGN THAT REIMAGINES 
PLAYFUL DESIGN 
AND... 
HOW CAN DESIGN APPLY TO OUR CONTEXTS? 
 
IN GENERAL, THREE WAYS: 
 
• DESIGN MUST BECOME PROACTIVE RATHER THAN REACTIVE 
 - new ways of thinking that create new solutions 
 
 
• A MOVEMENT CAN CONSOLIDATE BEHIND A SET OF PRINCIPLES 
 - a new conception of how we view the system 
 
 
• ALTERNATIVE PRACTICES WITH A VARIETY OF MODALITIES 
 FACILIATES DIVERSE REALMS 
 - contemporary issues require new ways to live, work, recreate and move 
HOW IS ALL THIS THE FUTURE OF DESIGN? 
 
ARCHITECTURE AND OTHER FIELDS OF DESIGN 
NEED TO BECOME MORE RELEVANT 
AS THE SERVICES WE OFFER CLIENTS 
PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 
IN THE ISSUES OF TODAY. 
 
 
 
THIS IS THE FUTURE OF DESIGN. 
WHAT'S NEXT 
IS UP TO YOU.