leitura e redação em língua inglesa- aula 9

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Leitura e redação em língua inglesa- aula 9
		1
        Questão
	
	
	Conjunction differs from reference, substitution and ellipsis because it is not a device for referring the reader to items that are mentioned in the text. Nevertheless, conjunction is a cohesive device since it signals relationships that can only be fully understood in relation to other parts of the text. There are four types of conjunction and they signal adversative, additive, temporal and causal relationships.  Which alternative has an additive conjunction?
		
	
	Nevertheless
	
	Still
	
	Because
	
	First
	 
	Furthermore
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 03:54:21
	
Explicação:
Nevertheless - adversative
First - temporal
Because - causal
Still - adversative
	
	
	 
		2
        Questão
	
	
	In the following paragraph, the words in bold supply an idea of:
"Bick tea is a blend that has been compressed into a cake. It is taken mainly by the minority groups in China. First, it is ground to a dust. Then, it is usually cooked in milk."
		
	
	addition
	
	cause
	 
	time
	
	adversity
	
	consequence
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 03:55:05
	
Explicação:
There is temporal relationship whenever the events in a text are related in terms of the timing of their occurrence.
	
	
	 
		3
        Questão
	
	
	In order to achieve cohesion, synonyms of words used in previous sentences can be used. In the sentences below, which underlined word CANNOT be understood as a synonym of ¿comprehend¿ in the following sentence: "Fred comprehended the Math lesson."
		
	
	Fred figured out the Math lesson.
	
	Fred grasped the Math lesson
	
	Fred understood the Math lesson.
	
	Fred realized the meaning of the Math lesson.
	 
	Fred ignored the Math lesson
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:12:16
	
Explicação:
The word "ignored" is not a synonym of "comprehended" and can be understand more as an antonym.
	
	
	 
		4
        Questão
	
	
	Formal language consists of complete sentences with proper grammar. Informal language may use abbreviations, emojis (in written form), contractions and slang. Mark the option which represents an example of a formal language:
		
	
	"Yesterday at my school, these people were killing themselves laughing at this scrap."
	
	"Nice to see you! come again! My BFF! "
	 
	"Would you please pass the salt?  It is impossible to me to take it."
	
	"Shut the window, man, I´m freezing my tits off."
	
	"Hot as hell! You could fry an egg on the sidewalk."
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:13:31
	
Explicação:
There are not colloquial words/expressions and contractions.
	
	
	 
		5
        Questão
	
	
	Leia o parágrafo abaixo e responda a questão proposta.
 "Justin was always prepared. His motto was "Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy." His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets, deflated basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents pleaded with him to clean out his room."
 Ao lermos "his bedroom(...)", ao longo do parágrafo, podemos dizer que o pronome HIS refere-se a:
		
	
	Justin's bed.
	 
	Justin himself.
	
	Justin's dog
	
	Justin's parents.
	
	Justin's friends
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:11:27
	
Explicação:
Justin was always prepared. His motto was "Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy." His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets, deflated basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents pleaded with him to clean out his room."
	
	
	 
		6
        Questão
	
	
	A. "I think these people are having a good time."
B. "It appears these people are enjoying themselves."
A. "They seem to be on holiday."
B. "It looks like they are on vacation."
 
Choose the right alternative considering coherence and cohesion in the above text:
		
	 
	The text is coherent and cohesive.
	 
	The text is coherent, but not cohesive.
	
	The text has neither coherence nor cohesion.
	
	The text is cohesive, but not coherent.
	
	Although there is no connection between A and B, the text is cohesive.
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:12:20
	
Explicação:
There is no connection between A and B in this conversation.  We understand them and they are coherent.  What is missing is cohesion.  They are not connected.  A is not listening to B and B is not listening to A.
	
	
	 
		7
        Questão
	
	
	Use the discourse markers given in the box to complete the gaps.
"He could read and write ________being blind."
		
	
	Although
	
	But
	 
	Despite
	
	End
	
	When
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:13:05
	
Explicação:
When he was blind
Although he was blind
But ¿ it makes no sense - but + noun
And ¿ it makes no sense - and+noun
Despite  + verb in the -ing form
	
	
	 
		8
        Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"Many of the topics were only briefly touched upon, and as a result, the reader will have to explore them in more depth elsewhere. There is a great deal of interesting information, but I feel that the authors often try to undermine accepted theories without evidence. Moreover, the last chapter would be logical as the first one, especially because this is an introductory text."
► The previous highlighted information refers to a specific technique employed when writing book reviews. Which one?
		
	
	Pronouns 
	 
	Linking words/phrases
	
	Reference words
	
	Lexical units
	
	Passive voice
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:14:22
	
Explicação:
All the highlighted words relate to linking words/phrases.
		1
        Questão
	
	
	We have studied some techniques to achieve cohesion. Mark the option which does NOT suit one of them:
		
	
	Synonym = If direct repetition is too obvious, use a synonym of the word you wish to repeat. This strategy is called  "elegant variation."
	 
	Repetition = In sentence B (the second of any two sentences), repeat a word from sentence A.
	 
	Formal language = it is more common when we write. Informal language= it is more common when we speak.
	
	Transitions = Use a conjunction or conjunctive adverb to link sentences with particular logical relationships.
	
	Parallelism = Repeat a sentence structure. This technique is the oldest, most overlooked, but probably the most elegant method of creating cohesion.
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:16:25
	
Explicação:
Formal and informal languages are not techniques to achieve cohesion.
	
	
	 
		2
        Questão
	
	
	Formal language consists of complete sentences with proper grammar. Informal language may use abbreviations, emojis (in written form), contractions and slang. Mark the option which represents an example of an informal language:
		
	
	"If you could shut the window please, that would be lovely."
	 
	"Went to Barcelona for the weekend. Lots to tell you, guy!"
	
	"It is extremely hot today. Would like to go to the beach?"
	
	"I am pleased to meet you. You are a very polite man."
	
	"It has been very nice to see you. We would be glad to see you again soon."
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:16:55
	
Explicação:
More informal vocabulary commonly involves shorter words, slangs, contractions, abbreviations and colloquial words/expressions.
	
	
	 
		3
        Questão
	
	
	Coherence can be achieved in a number of ways, except:
		
	 
	Always replacing nouns with pronouns
	
	Using transition signals to link ideas
	 
	Repeating key nouns
	
	Arranging your ideas in logical order
	
	Using consistent pronouns
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:17:12
	
Explicação:
Using consistent pronouns has to do with substituting nouns with pronouns in an effective way. A text that does not use pronouns to some extent will come across as overly repetitive. The important part when using pronouns is to be consistent by using the same person and number throughout the paragraph or text.
Repeat key nouns. Even if nounstypically are the words that should be repeated, also words from other word classes can be repeated if they are central to the topic of the text. There is no set rule as to how often a key noun can be repeated - the guiding principle must be clarity and an avoidance of making the reader feel that there is too much repetition. An alternative to repeating a key noun over and over is to use another noun that has the same, or at least very similar, meaning: a synonym.
Logical order - any academic text will be incomprehensible unless the ideas expressed in it are arranged in some sort of logical fashion.
Transition signals (sometimes called linking words or linking adverbials) ¿ it has to do with the use of specific words and phrases that evoke links and transition between ideas.
Always replacing nouns with pronouns ¿ not correct. This replacement should be done only when necessary and in an effective way.
	
	
	 
		4
        Questão
	
	
	In the sentence "But such children have to learn to look after themselves at an earlier age, and their parents often depend on them to help with the housework. So this teaches them important life skills" , the words `themselves, their, them' are used to avoid
		
	
	inference
	
	coherence
	
	cohesion
	
	unity
	 
	repetition
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:21:58
	
Explicação:
The use of pronouns avoids repetition. Personal reference, for instance I, you, she, they (subject pronouns), him, her, us (object pronoun), my, your (possessive pronoun), or ours, theirs, hers (reflexive pronoun). 'Personal reference is reference by means of function in the speech situation. through the category of PERSON'.
	
	
	 
		5
        Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"Despite its accessibility, there are some issues with the book. In the introduction, the authors state 'the book assumes that the acquisition and use of second languages is a normal part of human life, something that needs looking at scientifically because we know little about it and often depend upon folk wisdom for our views about'. I understand this to mean that the text will focus on clarifying matters by avoiding folk wisdom. However, there are several areas where the chapters present generalizations that can really confuse and bias a novice reader."
► The previous text is an example of a specific section in a book review. Which one?
		
	
	Discussion
	
	Recommendation
	
	Summary
	
	Heading
	 
	Critique
	Respondido em 13/11/2020 04:24:49
	
Explicação:
The text presented has critical view on the book. The end of the text has important clues on it: '¿ confuse and bias the reader'.
	
	
	 
		6
        Questão
	
	
	There are some ways in which writers can link sentences together to form texts, except:
		
	
	Use a sequence marker [e.g. Firstly, secondly/ a), b), c)]
	 
	Use a pro-form (e.g. pronoun) in the first sentence .
	
	Repeat a word or words from the first sentence in the second sentence.
	 
	Use connectives (e.g. addition, time relaters)
	
	Use a synonym of a word from the first sentence in the second.
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:39:34
	
Explicação:
Repeating a word or words from the first sentence in the second sentence.
Energy in food is measured in calories. Approximately 50% of the calories we consume are used in physical activity.
Use a synonym of a word from the first sentence in the second.
The surroundings in which we carry out our daily lives are very important to us. We are continually aware of our environment as we go about our business.
Use a pro-form (e.g. pronoun) in the second sentence.
Trees are an essential part of a city's development. They help reduce pollution and provide shade.
 Use a sequence marker [e.g. Firstly, secondly/ a), b), c)]
The maize plant faces two main pests. The first is the weevil borer whose larvae eat their way through the maize plant.
Use connectives (e.g. addition, time relaters)
The UAE is spending a lot of money to improve its environment. For example, it invested millions of dollars developing forests in the desert.
 
	
	
	 
		7
        Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"The book 'Key Topics in Second Language Acquisition' is an introductory text divided into short chapters that on a systematized way focus on one of eight basic yet sometimes controversial topics in SLA, such as psycholinguistics, Critical Age Hypothesis, vocabulary acquisition, syntax, writing, motivation, research and pedagogy."
► The previous text is an example of a specific section in a book review. Which one?
 
		
	 
	Summary
	
	Critique
	
	Recommendation
	
	Discussion
	
	Heading
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:40:32
	
Explicação:
The piece of text in questions brings information on what the book is all about, which comprises the summary section.
	
	
	 
		8
        Questão
	
	
	Choose the suitable conjunction that provides an exemplification meaning: I can play quite a few musical instruments, ______________, the flute, the guitar and the piano.
		
	 
	for instance;
	
	but; 
	
	besides;
	
	since;
	
	although;
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:41:01
	
Explicação:
"For instance" indicates an exemplification meaning.
		1
        Questão
	
	
	A. "I think these people are having a good time."
B. "It appears these people are enjoying themselves."
A. "They seem to be on holiday."
B. "It looks like they are on vacation."
 
Choose the right alternative considering coherence and cohesion in the above text:
		
	
	The text is coherent and cohesive.
	
	Although there is no connection between A and B, the text is cohesive.
	
	The text is cohesive, but not coherent.
	 
	The text is coherent, but not cohesive.
	
	The text has neither coherence nor cohesion.
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:39:03
	
Explicação:
There is no connection between A and B in this conversation.  We understand them and they are coherent.  What is missing is cohesion.  They are not connected.  A is not listening to B and B is not listening to A.
	
	
	 
		2
        Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"Many of the topics were only briefly touched upon, and as a result, the reader will have to explore them in more depth elsewhere. There is a great deal of interesting information, but I feel that the authors often try to undermine accepted theories without evidence. Moreover, the last chapter would be logical as the first one, especially because this is an introductory text."
► The previous highlighted information refers to a specific technique employed when writing book reviews. Which one?
		
	
	Lexical units
	
	Pronouns 
	
	Passive voice
	 
	Linking words/phrases
	
	Reference words
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:39:26
	
Explicação:
All the highlighted words relate to linking words/phrases.
	
	
	 
		3
        Questão
	
	
	Formal language consists of complete sentences with proper grammar. Informal language may use abbreviations, emojis (in written form), contractions and slang. Mark the option which represents an example of an informal language:
		
	
	"It has been very nice to see you. We would be glad to see you again soon."
	
	"It is extremely hot today. Would like to go to the beach?"
	
	"If you could shut the window please, that would be lovely."
	 
	"Went to Barcelona for the weekend. Lots to tell you, guy!"
	
	"I am pleased to meet you. You are a very polite man."
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:39:43
	
Explicação:
More informal vocabulary commonly involves shorter words, slangs, contractions, abbreviations and colloquial words/expressions.
	
	
	 
		4
        Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"The book 'Key Topics in Second Language Acquisition' is an introductory text divided into short chapters that on a systematized way focus on one of eight basic yet sometimes controversial topics in SLA, such as psycholinguistics, Critical Age Hypothesis, vocabulary acquisition, syntax, writing, motivation, research and pedagogy."
► The previoustext is an example of a specific section in a book review. Which one?
 
		
	
	Discussion
	
	Heading
	
	Recommendation
	
	Critique
	 
	Summary
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:39:50
	
Explicação:
The piece of text in questions brings information on what the book is all about, which comprises the summary section.
	
	
	 
		5
        Questão
	
	
	Coherence can be achieved in a number of ways, except:
		
	
	Arranging your ideas in logical order
	
	Using consistent pronouns
	 
	Repeating key nouns
	 
	Always replacing nouns with pronouns
	
	Using transition signals to link ideas
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:40:13
	
Explicação:
Using consistent pronouns has to do with substituting nouns with pronouns in an effective way. A text that does not use pronouns to some extent will come across as overly repetitive. The important part when using pronouns is to be consistent by using the same person and number throughout the paragraph or text.
Repeat key nouns. Even if nouns typically are the words that should be repeated, also words from other word classes can be repeated if they are central to the topic of the text. There is no set rule as to how often a key noun can be repeated - the guiding principle must be clarity and an avoidance of making the reader feel that there is too much repetition. An alternative to repeating a key noun over and over is to use another noun that has the same, or at least very similar, meaning: a synonym.
Logical order - any academic text will be incomprehensible unless the ideas expressed in it are arranged in some sort of logical fashion.
Transition signals (sometimes called linking words or linking adverbials) ¿ it has to do with the use of specific words and phrases that evoke links and transition between ideas.
Always replacing nouns with pronouns ¿ not correct. This replacement should be done only when necessary and in an effective way.
	
	
	 
		6
        Questão
	
	
	Use the discourse markers given in the box to complete the gaps.
"He could read and write ________being blind."
		
	
	But
	
	End
	 
	Despite
	
	Although
	
	When
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:43:03
	
Explicação:
When he was blind
Although he was blind
But ¿ it makes no sense - but + noun
And ¿ it makes no sense - and+noun
Despite  + verb in the -ing form
	
	
	 
		7
        Questão
	
	
	Choose the suitable conjunction that provides an exemplification meaning: I can play quite a few musical instruments, ______________, the flute, the guitar and the piano.
		
	
	besides;
	
	although;
	 
	for instance;
	
	but; 
	
	since;
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:40:35
	
Explicação:
"For instance" indicates an exemplification meaning.
 
	
	
	 
		8
        Questão
	
	
	In the sentence "But such children have to learn to look after themselves at an earlier age, and their parents often depend on them to help with the housework. So this teaches them important life skills" , the words `themselves, their, them' are used to avoid
		
	
	coherence
	 
	repetition
	
	cohesion
	
	inference
	
	unity
	Respondido em 14/11/2020 00:40:52
	
Explicação:
The use of pronouns avoids repetition. Personal reference, for instance I, you, she, they (subject pronouns), him, her, us (object pronoun), my, your (possessive pronoun), or ours, theirs, hers (reflexive pronoun). 'Personal reference is reference by means of function in the speech situation. through the category of PERSON'.