Literatura inglesa II

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1a 
 Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
In relation to Animal Farm, by Orwell, one can say that the work has been 
widely regarded as: 
 
 
A fairy-tale. 
 
A satirical novel. 
 
An impressionist narrative. 
 
A political manifesto. 
 
An epic poem. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 09:34:13 
 
Explicação: 
FEEDBACK: According to Orwell himself, the fable reflects events 
leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the 
Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. Orwell, a democratic socialist, was a 
critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism, an 
attitude that was critically shaped by his experiences during the May 
Days conflicts between the POUM and Stalinist forces during the 
Spanish Civil War. 
 
 
2a 
 Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
What, unless biological science is a mass of errors, is the cause of human 
intelligence and vigour? Hardship and freedom: conditions under which the 
active, strong, and subtle survive and the weaker go to the wall; conditions that 
put a premium upon the loyal alliance of capable men, upon self-restraint, 
patience, and decision. And the institution of the family, and the emotions that 
arise therein, the fierce jealousy, the tenderness for offspring, parental self-
devotion, all found their justification and support in the imminent dangers of 
the young. (WELLS, 2014, p. 36) 
Source: WELLS, H.G. The Time Machine. New York: Signet Classics, 2014. 
 
I. Herbert George Wells is one of the fathers of science fiction and dystopian 
literature. 
BECAUSE 
II. He constantly reflected about the potency of human intelligence and the 
advantages science presented for civilization. 
 
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option. 
 
 
Affirmative I is false, and II is true. 
 
Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I. 
 
Affirmative I is true, and II is false. 
 
Affirmatives I and II are false. 
 
Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 09:34:27 
 
Explicação: 
FEEDBACK: Herbert George Wells is the writer of many science 
fiction novels such as The Time Machine (1895), The Island of Dr. 
Moreau (1896), The War of the Worlds (1898), among others. Some of 
his books show a futuristic scenario in which the scientific advancement 
of Western society did not result in a positive relationship with the 
world and with one another in terms of community. The problems he 
explores in his books will come back in the twentieth century in both 
Brave New World (1932) and 1984 (1949), complexifying the 
dystopian tropes introduced by Wells. 
 
 
3a 
 Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Based on a series of lectures Virginia Woolf delivered at Newnham College 
and Girton College, the extended essay A Room of One's Own was first 
published in 1929. Its central idea is that: 
 
 
all women writers should adopt a feminist approach in their fiction. 
 
women should have material means and freedom in order to be 
creative. 
 
financial independence is more important than creativity for women. 
 
literature is a type of art that never represented women¿s needs. 
 
men and women are not paid the same for the books they publish. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 09:36:16 
 
Explicação: 
According to Woolf, it is important for women to have money and a 
room of their own, i.e. a means to live and a place to write, so that they 
can exercise their intellectual activities and do creative work. The text 
talks about the importance of literature, and does not rank financial 
means over creativity, but it says that the former helps the latter. 
Furthermore, there is no discussion in relation to mandatory feminism 
or payments for publication. The only correct option is "women should 
have material means and freedom in order to be creative". 
 
 
4a 
 Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Without certain discoveries and developments, modernist writing would never 
have existed. Therefore, James Joyce's and Virginia Woolf's literary 
innovations, in a way, owed their existence to thinkers that challenged the 
nineteenth century paradigm. Darwin, Marx, Freud and Nietzsche were such 
thinkers. 
Choose the alternative that correctly associates the thinkers with the fields of 
knowledge they revolutionized: 
 
Charles Darwin, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Nietzsche were 
important thinkers that changed the paradigms of nineteenth-century fields 
of ___________, ________, __________ and ___________, respectively. 
 
 
Philosophy - Medicine - Letters - Visual Arts 
 
Politics - Economics - Law - Psychology 
 
Biology - Economics - Psychology - Philosophy 
 
Geography - Biology - Arts - Poetry 
 
Economics - Law - Biology - Arts 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 09:38:01 
 
Explicação: 
Darwin developed the field of Biology with the theory of evolution, 
Marx, with his political and philosophical thought greatly influenced 
Economics, Freud founded the clinical method of psychoanalysis, 
which contributed a lot to the field of Psychology, and Nietzsche¿s 
work exerted a profound influence in Philosophy and in modern 
intellectual history, as a whole. 
 
 
5a 
 Questão Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Modernism is an aesthetic movement in visual arts, music, drama, and 
literature, which rejected standards and criteria of previous art forms. Why are 
Modernist works said to be inaccessible to the general public? 
 
 
Because of the rejection of Victorian moral values and middle-class 
assumptions. 
 
Because they were vulgar and people¿s taste was more sophisticated. 
 
Because the majority of people were illiterate. 
 
Because of the acceptance of new technologies. 
 
Because art was not appreciated by the general public. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 10:18:19 
 
Explicação: 
Right answer: Because of the rejection of Victorian moral values and 
middle-class assumptions. 
Feedback: Because of the rejection of Victorian values and middle-
class assumptions, there was a breach between the artist and the public. 
Besides, the Act of Education of 1870, that made elementary schooling 
compulsory and universal, allowed a mass literate population to 
emerge, and the segmentation of the reading public created a gap 
between popular art and art appreciated only by the sophisticated people 
or the experts. The acceptance of new technologies was welcomed by a 
society that believed in the progress those technologies could bring, 
and, thus, it would not be a reason for the non-accessibility to works of 
art. 
 
 
6a 
 Questão Acerto: 0,0 / 1,0 
 
Kazuo Ishiguro was born in Japan, but since he was a young boy he has lived 
in England. His works encompass a great array of genres: historical fiction, 
detective stories, science fiction, just to name a few. His first two novels: A 
Pale View of Hills (1982) and An Artist of the Floating World (1986) are set in 
Japan and may be read as attempts to come to terms with his Japanese 
heritage. Orientalism, a sociological and literary concept, is often used to 
approach Ishiguro's works. Kazuo Ishiguro's novel A Pale View of Hills is 
interpreted by many critics through the lens of orientalism because: 
 
 
it explores features of East from a western viewpoint. 
 
it possesses a narrative that reinforces prejudices. 
 
it provides a very restrained and delicate narrative. 
 
it sees the Orient as dependent of the West. 
 
it describes Japanese culture and history in detail. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 10:29:26 
 
Explicação: 
Right answer: it explores features of East from a western viewpoint. 
Feedback: According to the theorical framework of orientalism, the 
West has helped shape the definition and the imagination of the West. 
Therefore, what we know from the East is irrevocably determined by a 
western perspective. Many critics see Ishiguro's A Pale View of Hills as 
a novel that brings into question this orientalistnotion. In A Pale View 
of Hills, Ishiguro complicates and expands the orientalist viewpoint. Its 
delicate and restrained narrative may be seen as a reflection of his 
Japanese heritage. Therefore, Ishiguro embraces his heritage and, at the 
same time, is not caught in one single-minded view of the East. 
Prejudices are averted rather than reinforced. Japanese culture and 
history are not described in detail but are, conversely, the lens through 
which the story is told. 
 
 
7a 
 Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
What is the concept of sublime, so important for the Romantics? 
 
 
The contentment people experiment when they are contemplating 
nature. 
 
The astonishment brought about by the isolation of the poet from 
society. 
 
The admiration of the beauty of nature during daylight, with its colors 
and sounds. 
 
A feeling of happiness which emerges from being in contact with 
sweet things. 
 
Fear and admiration people experience when seeing awesome 
landscapes. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 09:41:42 
 
Explicação: 
The concept of sublime presupposes a strong sentiment of admiration 
and fear provoked by awesome landscapes, either comforting or 
frightening, not only during daylight or when in contact with sweet 
things. The contentment, astonishment and happiness are part of the 
emotions humans feel when in nature, but sublime encompasses also 
fear. 
 
 
8a 
 Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
English Romantic poets were numerous, but the canon established for 
representing the period nominates six key names as representatives of this type 
of poetry. These six poets belong to the first and second generations, 
respectively, and their names are: 
 
 
Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Shelley, Byron and Keats. 
 
Anna Barbauld, Charlotte Smith, Felicia Hemans, Anna Seward, 
Byron and Blake. 
 
Mary Robinson, Helen Maria Williams, Anna Seward, Coleridge and 
Wordsworth. 
 
Charlotte Smith, Keats, Shelley, Blake, Byron and Coleridge. 
 
Anna Seward, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Shelley and Byron. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 09:42:52 
 
Explicação: 
The "Big Six" were Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Shelley, Byron and 
Keats. The six women mentioned in the options were widely read, 
popular and role models for many of those male Romantic poets, but 
they are not considered part of the English Romantic canon. 
 
 
9a 
 Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Regarding Dickens's life it is correct to say that: 
I. His personal life greatly inspired his literary writings. 
Because 
II. His first-hand experience with poverty would infuse his writings with social 
concerns. 
 
 
Options I and II are false. 
 
Option I is false, whereas option II is correct. 
 
Option I is correct, whereas option II is false. 
 
Both are correct, but II does not justify I. 
 
Options I and II are correct and ii. justifies I. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 10:14:50 
 
Explicação: 
As a child, Charles Dickens experienced poverty, as his father 
imprisonment for debt left the family in a complicated financial 
situation. Throughout his books the figure of the vulnerable or 
parentless child is quite prominent and he always tries to draw attention 
to the plight of poor and neglected young people. Therefore, both 
sentences are correct and II justifies I 
 
 
10a 
 Questão Acerto: 1,0 / 1,0 
 
Charles Dickens was a prolific writer, who started his career as a journalist 
and ascended to a widely read novelist. Choose the alternative that presents a 
correct statement about his literary works: 
 
 
None of his novels presents semi-autobiographical undertones. 
 
None of his novels is thought to be a type of Bildungsroman. 
 
His first literary works, such as The Pickwick Papers was more 
serious in tone than any other novel later published. 
 
He never wrote any type of historical novels. 
 
Hard Times is an attack against utilitarianism. 
Respondido em 13/09/2022 10:27:12 
 
Explicação: 
The Pickwick Papers presented humorous types and grotesque 
incidents. In fact, Dickens¿s earlier works were more humorous falling 
under the picaresque novel genre. He actually wrote two historical 
novels: Barnaby Rudge and A Tale of Two Cities. David Copperfield is 
a semi-autobiographical novel. And in many ways, David Copperfield 
is considered to be a Bildungsroman. Therefore, the only correct option 
is Hard Times is an attack against utilitarianism.