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Prévia do material em texto

Iniciado em quarta, 3 Jul 2024, 11:07
Estado Finalizada
Concluída em quarta, 3 Jul 2024, 11:58
Tempo empregado 50 minutos 50 segundos
Avaliar 9,33 de um máximo de 10,00(93%)
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Questão 1
Correto
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Leia o texto a seguir:
'Primitiveness' in Language
'Primitive' is a word that is often used ill-advisedly in discussions of language. Many people think that
'primitive' is indeed a term to be applied to languages, though only to some languages, and not usually to the
language they themselves speak. They might agree in calling 'primitive' those uses of language that concern
greetings, grumbles and commands, but they would probably insist that these were especially common in the
so-called 'primitive languages'. These are misconceptions that we must quickly clear from our minds.
So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication:
that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say.
It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter.
Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation
of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak
about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the
Eskimo language (one of those sometimes mis-called 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than
English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The
position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English
language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which
English was habitually used made such distinction important.
Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject
of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical
reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination
which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn
vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of
us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky,
a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence?
The discussion of 'primitiveness', incidentally, provides us with a good reason for sharply and absolutely
distinguishing human language from animal communication, because there is no sign of any intermediate
stage between the two. Whether we examine the earliest records of any language, or the present-day language
of some small tribe in a far-away place, we come no nearer to finding a stage of human language more
resembling animal communication and more 'primitive' than our own. In general, as has been said, any
language is as good as any other to express what its speakers want to say. An East African finds Swahili as
convenient, natural and complete as an East Londoner finds English. In general the Yorkshire Dalesman's
dialect is neither more nor less primitive or ill-fitted to its speaker's wants than Cockney is for the Londoner's.
We must always beware the temptation to adopt a naive parochialism which makes us feel that someone
else's language is less pleasant or less effective an instrument than our own.
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This is not to say that an individual necessarily sounds as pleasant or as effective as he might be, when using
his language, but we must not confuse a language with an individual's ability to use it. Nor are we saying that
one language has no deficiencies as corn-pared with another. The English words 'home' and 'gentleman' have
no exact counterparts in French, for example. These are tiny details in which English may well be thought to
have the advantage over French, but a large-scale comparison would not lead to the conclusion that English
was the superior language, since it would reveal other details in which the converse was true. Some years ago
it came as something of a shock to us that we had no exact word for translating the name that General de
Gaulle had given to his party - Rassemblement du Peuple Francais. The B.B.C. for some time used the word
'rally', and although this scarcely answers the purpose it is a rather better translation of 'rassemblement' than
either of the alternatives offered by one well-known French - English dictionary, 'muster' and 'mob'.
The more we consider the question, then, the less reasonable does it seem to call any language 'inferior', let
alone 'primitive'. The Sanskrit of the Rig-Veda four thousand years ago was as per-fect an instrument for what
its users wanted to say as its modern descendant, Hindi, or as English.
(Fonte: RANDOLPH, Quirk. The Use of English. Longman, 1962. Disponível em:
http://www.uefap.com/reading/exercise/skim/primit.htm.)
Utilizando a técnica de Skimming, leia a primeira frase de cada parágrafo e escolha a alternativa INCORRETA:
Escolha uma opção:
a. No segundo parágrafo, afirma-se que todas as línguas humanas são igualmente perfeitas enquanto
instrumentos de comunicação.
b. No último parágrafo, conclui-se que não devemos chamar nenhuma língua de "inferior".
c.
No quarto parágrafo, argumenta-se que a linguagem humana não se distingue da linguagem animal.
d. No primeiro parágrafo, a palavra "primitiva" é mal empregada nas discussões sobre a linguagem.
e. No quinto parágrafo, discute-se que não devemos confundir uma língua com a habilidade de um indivíduo em
utilizá-la.
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Questão 2
Correto
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Leia o texto e responda às perguntas a seguir:
Why do men have Adam’s Apple*?
Actually, both men and women have Adam’s apple. In medical terms the Adam’s apple is called a thyroid
cartilage. The reason a man’s Adam’s apple is larger than a woman’s is because his (1) larynx is larger to
accommodate his (2) longer vocal cords. By the way, it (3) is men’s longer vocal cords that give them (4)
deeper voices. A second reason, which (5) female readers may not like, is because women have more fat in
their (6) necks, which hides their (7) Adam’s apple.
The name Adam’s apple was taken from the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. As the story goes, a piece of the
apple that Eve had given Adam to eat became lodged in his (8) throat. From then on, Adam and all his (9) male
descendants had an enlarged larynx as a symbol of Adam’s shame.
(BRITO, 1997)
*pomo-de-adão
A palavra "it", indicada pelo número 3, no texto, é um:
Escolha uma opção:
a. Adjetivo possessivo.
b. Pronome demonstrativo.
c.
Pronome pessoal do caso reto.
d. Pronome pessoal (como objeto).
e. Pronome possessivo.
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Questão 3
Correto
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A sequência de palavras que pertence à classe principal de palavras em inglês é:
Escolha uma opção:
a. Would, can, will, shall.
b. Southward, behind, throughout, lend.
c. Negociate, management, in front of, time.
d.
Content, compass, bookshop, boulevard.
e. They, them, we, us.
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Questão 4
Correto
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Leia o texto abaixo.
Junk food doesn't only make you fat, it makes you lazy
According to a recent study by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles, a diet rich in
processed food and fat leads not only to excess weight but also to less motivation.
Researchers found that rats on a junk food diet were significantly fatter than rats on a healthy diet. But the
rats with the unhealthy diet also were less active and mentally slower.
"Our data suggest that diet-induced obesity is a cause, rather than an effect, of laziness. Either the highly
processed diet causes fatigue or the diet causes obesity, which causes fatigue", says lead researcher Aaron
Blaisdell.
Adaptado de: FIRGER, Jessica. Junk food makes you lazy, not just fat, study suggests. CBS NEWS, 9 abr.
2014. Disponível em: <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/junk-food-makes-you-lazy-not-just-fat-study-suggests/>.
Acesso em: 06 jun. 2015.
Após adquirir os conhecimentos sobre scanning e a leitura do texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que:
Escolha uma opção:
a. Os pesquisadores observaram que os ratos que comiam comida não saudável eram menos dispostos.
b. Uma dieta rica em comida processada leva as pessoas a terem menos motivação.
c. Um estudo recente foi realizado na Universidade da Califórnia.
d. Os pesquisadores observaram que os ratos que comiam comida não saudável eram mais lentos mentalmente.
e.
Os pesquisadores observaram que os ratos que comiam comida saudável eram mais gordos.
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Questão 5
Correto
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Leia o texto a seguir:
Kindergartens in Hong Kong
It is very important to get into a good school in Hong Kong. And to get into a good school, a child must get
into a good kindergarten first.
There are even courses in Hong Kong which help children prepare for kindergarten interviews. The biggest
value of one course is to take away the children’s fear. Instead of getting scared, the children think of the
interview as a happy experience. It is like playing games.
A mother said that it is expensive to raise a child in Hong Kong. She said that everybody competes against
each other. She feels a lot of pressure.
(NEWS IN LEVELS, 26 maio 2015)
Na sentença "A mother said that it is expensive to raise a child in Hong Kong", o termo "said" está em qual
tempo verbal?
Escolha uma opção:
a. Presente contínuo.
b. Futuro.
c. Presente perfeito.
d.
Passado simples.
e. Presente simples.
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Questão 6
Correto
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A sequência de palavras que pertence à segunda classe de palavras em inglês é:
Escolha uma opção:
a. At, at night, on, on Sunday.
b. In, come in, out, go out.
c.
Moreover, however, therefore, nevertheless.
d. Up, get up, down, get down.
e. Work, working, live, living.
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Questão 7
Incorreto
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Leia o texto a seguir.
Wearable Books
Traditionally, authors use words to create emotions in their readers. Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology have created a new wearable book to enhance this experience. It allows the reader to feel the
protagonists emotions physically. Using a combination of sensors, the book triggers vibration patterns
through a special vest. The vest also contains a personal heating device to change skin temperature and
airbags, which tighten or loosen it. Its the first ever book that can give the reader a virtual hug.
(Tiny texts in english)
A palavra que inicia o texto é um/a:
Escolha uma opção:
a. Adjetivo. 
b.
Advérbio.
c. Substantivo.
d. Preposição.
e. Verbo.
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franc
Highlight
Questão 8
Correto
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O gênero opinion piece é marcado por seu caráter opinativo. Porém, para persuadir o leitor, o autor precisa
“provar sua tese”. Uma das formas de argumentar é usando a relação de causa e consequência (causation).
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta um exemplo disso.
Escolha uma opção:
a.
I believe white people have a stereotype of black people being criminals because they can’t acknowledge the historical
grounds of social problems in the first place.
b. This political scandal seems like a Stephen King’s novel.
c. I did not see any acknowledgement that Britain had been responsible for this problem. Did you?
d. Britain means to Africa what Portugal and Spain mean to Latin America.
e. Today, we see black men being murdered by cops. We all can see that this is absurd!
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Questão 9
Correto
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Ao escrever uma carta de reclamação, é preciso tomar cuidado para não soar agressivo. Nesse sentido, o
contra-argumento pode ser um excelente aliado, pois, muitas vezes, ele serve como uma espécie de
amenizador do discurso, demonstrando empatia em relação ao leitor. Qual das alternativas a seguir apresenta
a característica supracitada?
Escolha uma opção:
a.
I would like to ask for my money back. I understand it is unpleasant to receive a complaint, but I really feel like I am
being harmed.
b. I have gotten no response from your company for the last 10 days… very nice! I appreciate it! 
c. First, the delay. Now I cannot talk to any of your employees. No answer at all! Excellent job!
d. I will not do business with your company ever again. You guys are the worst!
e. I am feeling cheated by YAYA because your service is horrible and that is not what we see in the commercials.
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Questão 10
Correto
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Leia o texto. Internet privacy may be completely gone by 2025, experts say Digital privacy may be entirely
gone by 2025, a study by the Pew Research Center suggests. 2,500 technology experts were asked whether a
"trusted privacy-rights infrastructure" will be in place in 2025 and 55 percent said "no". "Public norms will
continue to trend toward the desire for more privacy, while people's actions will tend toward giving up more
and more control over their data," says Joe Kochan, the chief operating officer for US Ignite. Adaptado de:
BENSON, Thor. Internet privacy will be mostly gone by 2025, according to experts. UPI, 22 dez. 2014.
Disponível em: 
Acesso em: 06 jun. 2015. Ao observar as técnicas de scanning (o uso de números em textos, nomes e siglas,
por exemplo), é CORRETO afirmar que:
Escolha uma opção:
a. Apenas 57% dos especialistas responderam que não haverá tal infraestrutura no futuro.
b.
A privacidade digital pode ser completamente extinta em 2025.
c. Foram entrevistados 2.600 especialistas em tecnologia.
d. Foi perguntado aos especialistas se uma infraestrutura de direitos de privacidade estará vigente em 2026.
e. Joe Kochan diz que as pessoas irão buscar, cada vez mais, a privacidade.
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Questão 11
Correto
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A analogia consiste em fazer uma comparação entre dois elementos que têm similaridade. A comparação
procura ilustrar uma situação para o leitor, a fim de convencê-lo de que se trata de algo legítimo, verdadeiro.
Qual das opções a seguir apresenta um exemplo de analogia? 
Escolha uma opção:
a. Measures were taken in order to maintain political stability.
b. Admittedly, the death penalty is a very sensitive subject. However, it must be discussed.
c. Fox News serves as an example of unbiasedjournalism.
d. North Korea suffers with political attacks because their leader is too controversial.
e.
Socks are to feet what gloves are to hands. 
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Questão 12
Correto
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Leia o texto a seguir:
The Personal Qualities of a Teacher,
Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher?
Probably no two people would draw up exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally
accepted.
First, the teacher's personality should be pleasantly live and attractive. This does not rule out people who are
physically plain, or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types
as the over-excitable, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and over-bearing : I would say too, that
it excludes all of dull or purely negative personality. I still stick to what I said in my earlier book: that school
children probably 'suffer more from bores than from brutes'.
Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy - in the
literal meaning of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since
most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the
capacity to be tolerant - not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which
induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.
Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being
a plaster saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths, and limitations, and will have
thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. There is no
contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of
teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act - to enliven a
lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger
than life.
A teacher must remain mentally alert. He will not get into the profession if of low intelligence, but it is all too
easy, even for people of above-average intelligence, to stagnate intellectually - and that means to deteriorate
intellectually. A teacher must be quick to adapt himself to any situation, however improbable and able to
improvise, if necessary at less than a moment's notice. (Here I should stress that I use 'he' and 'his'
throughout the book simply as a matter of convention and convenience.)
On the other hand, a teacher must be capable of infinite patience. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-
discipline and self-training; we are none of us born like that. He must be pretty resilient; teaching makes great
demands on nervous energy. And he should be able to take in his stride the innumerable petty irritations any
adult dealing with children has to endure.
Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job
at which one will never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three principal
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objects of study: the subject, or subjects, which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which they can best
be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; and - by far the most important - the children,
young people, or adults to whom they are to be taught. The two cardinal principles of British education today
are that education is education of the whole person, and that it is best acquired through full and active co-
operation between two persons, the teacher and the learner.
(Fonte: DENT, H. C. Teaching as a Career. London: Batsford, 1961. Disponível em:
http://www.uefap.com/reading/exercise/skim/qualteac.htm).
Utilizando a técnica Skimming, leia a primeira frase de cada parágrafo e marque a alternativa CORRETA:
Escolha uma opção:
a. No sexto parágrafo, afirma-se que o professor deve ter uma paciência finita.
b.
No segundo parágrafo, discute-se que o professor deve ter uma personalidade agradável.
c. No quinto parágrafo, argumenta-se que o professor não deve se manter alerta mentalmente.
d. No terceiro parágrafo, afirma-se que o professor não precisa ser essencialmente capaz de conectar-se com as
mentes e os sentimentos das outras pessoas.
e. O primeiro parágrafo traz uma pergunta sobre as características desejáveis de um médico.
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Questão 13
Correto
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Leia o fragmento do artigo de João Alberto Arantes do Amaral e Ricardo Sbragio:
Rethinking the rework cycle
Abstract
How to manage a project effectively in order to achieve the proposed goals? The managers need to
understand the dynamic of the projects in order to take the right decisions. One good way to understand this
dynamic is by means of understanding a model of a project. This paper reviews the Cooper's rework model,
with a different perspective. We will analyze the role of clients and suppliers in the project.
Key Words: Rework, Systems Dynamics, Project Management.
1. Introduction
Cooper´s pioneer article on rework cycle (Cooper, 1993-a) brought a new understanding of the fundamental
aspects of project management. The rework model was successfully used as basis of development of
complex systems dynamics simulation software. Those software were used to model complex projects
(Cooper, 1997) from many different fields, like as shipbuilding, aerospace, software systems, power plants.
They were very useful to help the managers to have a better understanding of the problems that projects were
facing and to bring to surface their mental models and, hence, to take important decisions. The main goal of
this article is to present another view the rework cycle. The core of the modified rework cycle model is
detailed and the role of the clients and suppliers in the rework model are discussed.
2. Cooper´s Model: a starting point for the discussion of the rework cycle
Cooper´s article made clear the importance of rework in projects. It shows that part of the work that was
considered done has defects, and those defects will remain undiscovered for some time. When the rework is
discovered, it joins to the work to de done, creating delays and additional costs to the project. This model is
quite good and broad and it is indeed very useful to develop systems dynamics models (Figure 1).
However, this model doesn’t show the role of the clients and suppliers in the rework cycle.
Next topic, it will be presented a new approach for this model in order to cover those aspects.
(AMARAL; SBRAGIO, 2004)
Com base na leitura do texto, assinale a alternativa que apresenta o significado da palavra "rework" na
sentença "Cooper´s article made clear the importance of rework in projects".
Escolha uma opção:
a. Trabalho fácil.
b. Trabalhador.
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c. Múltiplos trabalhos.
d.
Refazer um trabalho.
e. Sem trabalho.
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Questão 14
Correto
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Leia o texto e responda às perguntas a seguir:
Why do men have Adam’s Apple*?
Actually, both men and women have Adam’s apple. In medical terms the Adam’s apple is called a thyroid
cartilage. The reason a man’s Adam’s apple is larger than a woman’s is because his (1)larynx is larger to
accommodate his (2) longer vocal cords. By the way, it (3) is men’s longer vocal cords that give them (4)
deeper voices. A second reason, which (5) female readers may not like, is because women have more fat in
their (6) necks, which hides their (7) Adam’s apple.
The name Adam’s apple was taken from the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. As the story goes, a piece of the
apple that Eve had given Adam to eat became lodged in his (8) throat. From then on, Adam and all his (9) male
descendants had an enlarged larynx as a symbol of Adam’s shame.
(BRITO, 1997)
*pomo-de-adão
A palavra "them", indicada pelo número 4, é um:
Escolha uma opção:
a.
A palavra "them", mostrada no texto, não antecede um substantivo, indicando posse.
b. Pronome demonstrativo.
c.
Pronome pessoal (como objeto).
d. Pronome pessoal do caso reto.
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Questão 15
Correto
Atingiu 0,67 de
0,67
Leia o fragmento do artigo de João Alberto Arantes do Amaral e Ricardo Sbragio:
Rethinking the rework cycle
Abstract
How to manage a project effectively in order to achieve the proposed goals? The managers need to
understand the dynamic of the projects in order to take the right decisions. One good way to understand this
dynamic is by means of understanding a model of a project. This paper reviews the Cooper's rework model,
with a different perspective. We will analyze the role of clients and suppliers in the project.
Key Words: Rework, Systems Dynamics, Project Management.
1. Introduction
Cooper´s pioneer article on rework cycle (Cooper, 1993-a) brought a new understanding of the fundamental
aspects of project management. The rework model was successfully used as basis of development of
complex systems dynamics simulation software. Those software were used to model complex projects
(Cooper, 1997) from many different fields, like as shipbuilding, aerospace, software systems, power plants.
They were very useful to help the managers to have a better understanding of the problems that projects were
facing and to bring to surface their mental models and, hence, to take important decisions. The main goal of
this article is to present another view the rework cycle. The core of the modified rework cycle model is
detailed and the role of the clients and suppliers in the rework model are discussed.
2. Cooper´s Model: a starting point for the discussion of the rework cycle
Cooper´s article made clear the importance of rework in projects. It shows that part of the work that was
considered done has defects, and those defects will remain undiscovered for some time. When the rework is
discovered, it joins to the work to de done, creating delays and additional costs to the project. This model is
quite good and broad and it is indeed very useful to develop systems dynamics models (Figure 1).
However, this model doesn’t show the role of the clients and suppliers in the rework cycle.
Next topic, it will be presented a new approach for this model in order to cover those aspects.
(AMARAL; SBRAGIO, 2004)
Encontre na sentença "It shows that part of the work that was considered done has defects, and those defects
will remain undiscovered for some time" uma palavra cujo prefixo significa "o oposto de" ou "não".
Escolha uma opção:
a. Considered.
b.
Undiscovered.
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c. Defects.
d. Remain.
e. Some.
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