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REVISÃO GERAL PARA EXAME DE LÍNGUA INGLESA 7ºs anos – Professoras Carina, Caroline e Manoela Conteúdos: Presente Simples Passado Simples Presente Contínuo Passado Contínuo Futuro Comparativos e Superlativos Present Perfect PRESENT SIMPLE Pode ser com verbo to be ou com outros verbos. Veja: TO BE Equivale ao SER, ESTAR do português, ou seja, só podemos usá-lo quando quisermos expressar ideias/frases com SER/ESTAR. Eu estou com fome - I am hungry Eu sou de POA - I am from POA Ele está feliz - He is happy Ela é minha irmã - She is my sister Nós estamos bem - We are fine Eles são chatos - They are boring I (eu) AM (sou, estou) YOU (você) ARE (é, está) HE (ele - usado para pessoas) IS (é, está) SHE (ela - usado para pessoas) IS (é, está) IT (ele, ela - usado para tudo que não for pes- soa) IS (é, está) WE (nós) ARE (somos, estamos) YOU (vocês) ARE (são, estão) THEY (eles, elas) ARE (são, estãoa Para fazer frases negativas é só adicionar a partícula NOT ao lado do verbo (na verdade, esta ação de adicionar o NOT ao lado dos verbos auxiliares para fazer negação se repetirá como regra em todos os outros tempos verbais em inglês) Ex.: I am not hungry He is not happy We are not fine Para fazer perguntas deslocamos o verbo TO BE e o trocamos de lugar com a PESSOA, SUJEITO da frase (vamos ver também que esta ação de de deslocar os verbos auxiliares para fazer pergunta se repetirá como regra em todos os outros tempos verbais em inglês) Ex.: Am I hungry? Is he happy? Are they boring? OTHER VERBS Bem, quando não queremos expressar ideias com SER/ESTAR não poderemos usar o verbo to be, vamos usar outros verbos, principalmente os de ação, dando a ideia da rotina das nossas vidas, dos nossos hábitos. Eu leio todos os dias - I read every day Eu vou para a aula de manhã - I go to school in the morning Eles sempre jogam as noites - They always play games at night Nós assistimos filmes nas sextas-feiras - We watch films on Fridays ****Para falar de rotina é preciso revisar os verbos de ação que mais fazem parte do seu dia-a-dia, além de revisar advérbios de frequência (palavras e expressões como sempre, nunca, duas vezes por semana, que expressam quantas vezes você faz cada atividade) Para fazer negativas e Interrogativas no presente simples, sem verbo to be, vamos precisar dos chamados verbos auxiliares. Os auxiliares aparecem em frases negativas e interrogativas, e eles ajudam e indicam quando uma frase é uma negação ou pergunta e em qual tempo verbal esta frase está. Quando os auxiliares aparecem os verbos principais voltam para a forma básica. Negativa: I do not read every day They do not play games at night Você ainda pode contrair o auxiliar DO com a partícula de negação NOT - DON`T We don`t watch films on Fridays Interrogativa: Como falamos lá no verbo to be, ao fazer uma pergunta o verbo vai se deslocar com o sujeito. Então quando o verbo to be não estiver presente nas frases, o que se desloca é o verbo auxiliar. DO they play games at night? HE, SHE, IT - na terceira pessoa do singular (equivalentes ou nosso ELE, ELA) temos uma pequena conjugação que acontece nos verbos. frases afirmativas - adiciono S, ES, OU IES no final dos verbos he PLAYS sports every week (adicionar S ao final de todos os verbos é a regra geral) she GOES to school by car (adicionar ES aos verbos terminados em O, S, CH, SH, X, Z) she WATCHES tv he STUDIES very much (adicionar IES ao final de verbos terminados em consoante + Y) frases negativas e interrogativas - bem, nessas frases já falamos que o auxiliar deve aparecer, falamos também que quando o auxiliar aparece o verbo principal fica na forma básica, sendo assim, a conjugação é aplicada no verbo auxiliar. Veja: DO vai virar DOES - da regra de adicionar ES ao final de verbos terminados em O…Então: He DOES NOT study very much - He DOESN`T… (a contração também pode ser aplicada aqui) She DOES NOT go to school by car - She DOESN`T… Veja que como a conjugação já foi aplicada no auxiliar o restante dos verbos ficam na forma básica nessas frases, ou seja, eles não vão seguir a regra das conjugações. DOES she watch tv? (nas frases interrogativas o verbo auxiliar continua se deslocando) PAST SIMPLE Assim como no present simple, há verbo to be e verbos auxiliares no past simple… As regras do present para o past, quase que se repetem… Veja só: TO BE Equivale ao SER, ESTAR do português, como já vimos antes, então no past simple ele continua sendo a mesma coisa. Eu estava com fome - I was hungry Eu era de POA - I was from POA Ele estava feliz - He was happy Ela era minha amiga - She was my friend Nós estávamos bem - We were fine Eles eram chatos - They were boring I (eu) WAS (era, estava) YOU (você) WERE (era, estava) HE (ele - usado para pessoas) WAS (era, estava) SHE (ela - usado para pessoas) WAS (era, estava) IT (ele, ela - usado para tudo que não for pes- soa) WAS (era, estava WE (nós) WERE (éramos, estávamos) YOU (vocês) WERE (eram, estavam) THEY (eles, elas) WERE (eram, estavam) Para fazer frases negativas continua sendo só adicionar a partícula NOT ao lado do verbo. Ex.: I was not hungry He was not happy We were not fine Para fazer perguntas continuamos deslocando o verbo TO BE e o trocamos de lugar com a PESSOA, SUJEITO da frase Ex.: Was I hungry? Was he happy? Were they boring? OTHER VERBS Bem, quando não queremos expressar ideias com SER/ESTAR não poderemos usar o verbo to be, vamos usar outros verbos, principalmente os de ação, dando a ideia da rotina do dia anterior, ou das férias passadas, ou do último final de semana, ou seja, damos a ideia de algo que aconteceu no passado. Eu estudei ontem - I STUDIED yesterday Ele assisti tv sábado passado - I WATCHED tv last Saturday Eles gostaram do filme - They LIKED the film ****Para falar no passado é preciso revisar os verbos de ação e seu formato no passado, além de revisar advérbios de frequência (palavras e expressões como último sábado, ontem, semana passada, que expressam quando você fez cada atividade) **** Lembra das regras de S, ES e IES lá no present simple? Bem, no passado elas viram D, ED e IED. Como assim? Todos os verbos no presente deveriam ser conjugados na terceira pessoa do singular com as regras S, ES, IES… no passado, não há distinção de pessoas, então todos os verbos em geral devem ser conjugados com D, ED e IED. forma básica past simple watch watched regra geral: verbos devem terminar em ED no passado study studied terminados em consoante +Y: IED love loved terminados em E: só adiciona D I watched - eu assisti He watched - ele assistiu We watched - nós assistimos Ou seja, a conjugação ED equivale a todas as nossas formas de verbos no passado em português, vai depender da pessoa que estiver na frente. Negativas e Interrogativas: Quando os auxiliares aparecem os verbos principais voltam para a forma básica. negativa: I did not read - eu não li They didn`t play - eles não jogaram Continuamos tendo um verbo auxiliar que ajuda nas perguntas e negações, mas agora no past simple, o auxiliar é DID. interrogativa: DID they play last night? - eles jogaram noite passada? ***Perceba que nas traduções o auxiliar não aparece, ele não tem tradução, pois é somente um ajudante que me mostra o tipo de frase (negação, interrogação) e o tempo verbal dela. VERBOS IRREGULARES O que acontece o passado é que nem todos os verbos terminam em ED, temos uma lista chamada de verbos irregulares, que são verbos que fogem da regra, ou seja, eles tem um formato diferente. Esses verbos são a minoria e precisam ser memorizados.Alguns verbos irregulares: forma básica past simple go went do did read read drive drove write wrote sleep slept O que é o ING???? Bem, como vimos o verbo TO BE expressa nossa ideia de SER ou de ESTAR. Já o ING, quando está acompanhado do verbo TO BE, expressa os final INDO, ENDO, ANDO do português. Eu estou comendo - I am eating Ele está surfando - he is surfing Ela estava dormindo - she was sleeping Nós estávamos lendo - we were reading FUTURE - GOING TO To be + going to + verbo principal na base form I am going to study tomorrow eu vou estudar amanhã. Indica planos, intenções, ou ainda previsões com base em alguma evidência FUTURE - WILL will + base form I will travel tomorrow. eu vou viajar amanhã. Indica decisões tomadas no momento da fala, previsões sem evidência, promessas, ofertas. FUTURE - ING To be + verbo principal com ING (é o presente continuous, mas com um contexto de futuro) I am traveling tomorrow. eu vou viajar amanhã (muito próximo em uso do futuro com GOING TO, mas com o grau de certeza mais alto, normalmente usado com futuros mais próximos, pois quanto mais próximo, mais certeza eu tenho) OBS.: as três formas de falar de futuro em inglês não vão diferir na hora da tradução, a diferença entre elas está na intenção da fala, ou seja, a mesma frase pode ser dita das 3 formas, mas cada uma terá uma intencionalidade (plano, promessa, certeza, por exemplo). COMPARATIVES inferiority: usamos para dizer que 1 coisa é menos que outra. LESS + ADJETIVO + THAN MENOS + ADJ + QUE I think math and science are difficult, but science is less difficult than math. Eu acho que matemática e ciências são difíceis, mas ciências é menos difícil que matemática. equality: usamos para dizer que um é igual ao outro. AS + ADJECTIVE + AS TANTO + ADJ + QUANTO My sister is as tall as I am. Minha irmã é tão alta quanto eu. Summer is as good as winter. O verão é tão bom quanto o inverno. superiority: usamos para dizer que 1 é superior ao outro. MORE + LONG ADJECTIVE + THAN MAIS + ADJ LONGO + QUE I am more beautiful than my cousin. Eu sou mais bonita que minha prima. Watching series is more interesting than watching cartoons. Assistir seriados é mais interessante que assistir desenhos. SHORT ADJECTIVE+ER + THAN ADJ CURTO+ER + QUE I am tallER than you. - eu sou mais baixa que você. She is niceR than her sister. - ela é mais legal que a irmã dela. Jullie is prettIER than me. - Jullie é mais bonita que eu. ***Nos adjetivos curtos, no comparativo de superioridade temos uma regra a parte das demais, ou seja, não temos 1 palavra solta (more, less, as) um adjetivo e outra palavra (than, as). Mas temos uma partícula ER que se cola no adjetivo como se fosse um sufixo. Esse ER é equivalente ao MORE, ou seja, significa o MAIS. SUPERLATIVES Como o comparativo ele é usado para comparar, mas agora não 1 coisa com outra, mas sim 1 coisa com todas, ou varias outras de um grupo. She is the most intelligent girl in class Ela é a menina mais inteligente da turma (comparando 1 menina com toadas outras daquele grupo) Long Adjective = THE MOST + ADJECTIVE Short Adjective = THE + ADJ+EST That`s the biggest building in town - aquele é o prédio mais alto da cidade He`s the tallest men I know - ele é o homem mais alto que eu conheço PRESENT PERFECT O "present perfect" de qualquer verbo é composto por dois elementos: a forma apropriada do verbo auxiliar to have (no presente) e o "past participle" do verbo principal. A forma do "past participle" de um verbo regular inclui o radical + ed (ex.: played, arrived, looked). Para os verbos irregulares, consulte a Tabela de Verbos O "PRESENT PERFECT" É UTILIZADO PARA DESCREVER Uma ação ou situação iniciada no passado e que permanece no presente. I have lived in Bristol since 1984. (= e continuo morando.) Uma ação realizada durante um período e que ainda não tenha sido finalizada. She has been to the cinema twice this week. (= e a semana ainda não acabou.) Uma ação repetida em um período não especificado entre o passado e o presente. We have visitedPortugal several times. Uma ação concluída no passado recente, indicada pelo termo 'just'. I have just finished my work. Uma ação cujo período de ocorrência não seja importante. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= o resultado da leitura é importante.) EXERCISES: Present Simple x Present Continuous Complete the sentences using the verbs in the simple present: 1. The child _________ games every night. 2. The boy __________ in the club twice a week. 3. The teacher __________ the exercises on the board and the students __________ them. 4. She __________ a lot of vegetables every week. 5. My mom __________ fish once a week. GO – PLAY – VISIT – LIKE – COOK – WRITE – BRUSH – LIKE – RUN – DRINK – TAKE – EAT – TRAVEL – SWIM – DRINK- HAVE – COPY 6. He __________ a shower in the morning. 7. He __________ many friends. 8. She __________ to the beach every summer. 9. I __________ my teeth three times a day. 10. My parents __________ once a year. Reorder the words to make sentences: 1. Always/before/go/I/bed/11.00/to 2. Ever/her/Kate/sees/family/hardly 3. Saturday/never/shopping/on/we/go 4. a/to/I/dentist’s/year/go/twice/the 5. in/they/breakfast/the/sometimes/garden/have 6. usually/morning/the/we/the/listen/in/radio/to 7. in/day/park/every/Alan/the/runs 8. after/drink/I/coffee/4.00/never 9. often/John/to/go/doesn’t/cinema/the 10. visit/I/once/my/month/a/mum Write sentences using present continuous: 1. It/rain (+) 2. John/wear/a t-shirt/today (+) 3. It’s hot./why/you/wear a coat (?) 4. Anna/sit next to Jane today (-) 5. Hey! You/ stand on my foot! (+) 6. What book/you/read (?) 7. She/wear make-up (-) 8. They/make a big mistake (+) 9. Your mom/shop in town (?) 10. She/live with her parents at the moment (-) Complete the sentences using present continuous: 1. The girl in the painting ____________ the guitar. (play) 2. Why _____ you _______ sunglasses? It _____________. (wear/rain) 3. You can turn off the radio. I ____________________ to it. (not listen) 4. What ______ you ________ here? (do) 5. I ___________________ for Emma. She’s late. (wait) 6. We live in Paris, but we _______________ in Nice for some months. (stay) 7. These days, most children ___________________ too many fizzy drinks (have) 8. _______ you ________ any vitamins at the moment? (take) 9. We ____________________ takeaway food this weekend. (not get) 10. What _____ your mom ________? It smells great! (make) 11. You look nervous! What _____ you _________ about? (think) 12. The diet in our country ___________________ worse and worse. (get) Circle the best alternative – present continuous or simple: 1. Come on, let’s order. The waiter comes/is coming. 2. Kate doesn’t want/isn’t wanting to have dinner with us. She’s not hungry. 3. The head chef is sick, so he doesn’t work/isn’t working tonight. 4. The bill seems/is seeming very expensive to me. 5. We’ve had an argument so we don’t speak/aren’t speaking to each other at the moment. 6. My mom thinks/is thinking my diet is awful these days. 7. Do we need/are we needing to go shopping for food? 8. Can I call you back? I have/I’m having lunch right now. 9. What do you cook/are you cooking? It smells delicious! 10. I don’t believe/I’m not believing that you cooked that all alone! Past Simple Underline the correct answer. 0 I wasn’t / weren’t at home last Saturday. 1 My mother was / were very good at sport as a child. 2 Luis wasn’t / weren’t born in Spain. 3 Was / Were your brothers bothgood students at university? 4 We wasn’t / weren’t at school yesterday. 5 Was / Were Heath Ledger a famous actor? Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple. 0 I swam (swim) in the new pool in town last week. 1 Peter (want) to be an athlete when he was a child. 2 We (not have) enough money for the cinema last night. 3 Jane (not win) the swimming competition. 4 I (buy) some new trainers three days ago. 5 Sally (invite) me to a concert yesterday. Past Continuous Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past continuous. 0 I was swimming (swim) at the new pool yesterday afternoon. 1 James (not listen) to me in class. 2 We (play) football at 3 pm yesterday. 3 Mum (shop) in town on Saturday. 4 I (not do) my homework at 6 pm. 5 They (not watch) TV yesterday evening. Underline the correct answer. 0 Sarah was breaking / broke a cup when she was washing up. 1 Luckily, I wasn’t waiting / didn’t wait at the bus stop when it rained. I was at home. 2 Tom’s phone was ringing / rang while we were doing our test. 3 We were watching / watched a good film when Dad came home. 4 I wasn’t checking / didn’t check my emails before I went to school. 5 We were listening to music when somebody was knocking / knocked at the door. Future going to Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the future going to. Example: John is happy, because he is going to get married. 1. I’m hungry. I ………………………… (eat) a sandwich. 2. I’m very tired. I ………………………… (not study) anymore. I …………… ………… (rest) a little. 3. Mary can’t carry the box. It is too heavy. She ………………………… (ask) somebody for help. 4. ………………………… (she, watch) television? No, she …………… What ………………………… (she, do) then? She ………………………… (play) chess. What about you? What ………………………… (you, do)? I ………………………… (go) to the cinema. 5. What ………………………… (you, do) with all this money? First, I ………………………… (buy) a new house. Then I ………………………… (travel) round the world. 6. What ………………………… (John, do) tomorrow? He ………………………… (see) his new girlfriend and then he ………………… ………… (take) her to a restaurant. 7. We ………………………… (take) our daughter to Euro Disney next week. I’m sure she ………………………… (love) it. 8. How long ………………………………… (your children, stay) here? For two weeks. Comparatives and Superlatives Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets and than. 0 My sister’s paintings are more beautiful than (beautiful) mine. She’s really clever! 1 My German is (bad) yours – I can’t say anything! 2 Mexico City is (big) Madrid. More people live there. 3 Sally is (tidy) her sister. She always puts her things away. 4 I think cities are (interesting) small towns. 5 Ben thinks cycling is (good) walking. He loves going everywhere on his bike. Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. 0 The strangest (strange) thing happened to me yesterday! 1 My mum is the (good) cook in our family. 2 My bed is the (comfortable) in our house! 3 This is the (bad) book ever. It’s really boring! 4 Our school is the (big) in our city. 5 Our neighbours are the (noisy) people in our street. Future - Will Complete the sentences with will or won’t. 0 Jack will come with us to the cinema later. It’s going to be fun! 1 You can’t come over on Saturday because I be at home. 2 A: you have time to help me later? B: Yes, no problem. 3 I’m sure Emily lend you her new jacket because she’s very kind. 4 It rain today because it never rains on my birthday! 5 Peter go to university next year? Match the sentence halves. 0 If I buy a new skateboard, f a if the weather is good. 1 Dad will go to Grandma’s house b I’ll give you my old mobile. 2 If I get a new phone, c if Sam invites us both. 3 I’ll go for a run tomorrow d we’ll take a taxi. 4 I’ll take Emily with me to the party e if she needs help at the weekend. 5 If we miss the train, f I’ll take it to the park tomorrow. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 0 My brother Tom will give (give) me his old tablet if he buys a new one. 1 If you (want) another laptop, I’ll sell you my old one. 2 Don’t worry! We (not be) upset if you decide not to join us. 3 (you / have) a gap year if your parents agree? 4 Ben will study computer programming at college if he (pass) all his exams. 5 If Dan __________(not hurry), he’ll be late Be going to Complete the sentences with the correct form of be going to. 0 I ’m going to take a year out after school. 1 (you) take your driving test soon? 2 I (not) see my friends this evening because I want to watch my favourite reality TV show. 3 Lisa and Tom get married in the summer. 4 Hannah start revising for her exams at the weekend. 5 My aunt (not) move to Spain next year. She wants to stay in Britain. Complete the sentences with the correct form of will or be going to. 0 I ’m not going to see my friends tomorrow because I have to do some homework. 1 We visit my aunt Julia on Sunday. We always see her at the weekend. 2 I promise I forget Mum’s birthday again! 3 I don’t think Peter come to the party. 4 Tom go to the cinema on Saturday, and he asked me to go, too. 5 Sam be here when we get home because he’s going out. PRESENT PERFECT Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present per- fect. 0 I ’ve had (have) Italian food lots of times – it’s delicious! 1 Sam and Tom (read) all the Harry Potter books. 2 Emma (meet) a lot of famous people because she’s a journalist. 3 My dad (not win) the lottery. 4 I (not do) my homework this evening. 5 I (climb) up the Eiffel Tower. Use the words to write sentences in the present perfect. 0 I / go / to New York / twice I’ve been to New York twice. 1 Our teacher / give / us / lots of homework / this week 2 I / never / visit / London 3 Sam / see / a famous actor in his town 4 My brother / not swim / in the sea 5 I / fly / to England / many times Complete the questions with Have or Has. 0 Have your mum and dad been to London? 1 you ever seen a Harry Potter film? 2 Peter and Lily ever lived abroad? 3 Sam ever played the guitar? 4 you ever travelled on your own? 5 your brother ever had a pet? Underline the correct answer. 0 I have never sung / didn’t sing this song before. 1 I didn’t enjoy / haven’t enjoyed the film last night. 2 Have you had / Did you have a uniform when you were at school? 3 I have never eaten / never ate pizza before. 4 Have you been / Did you go to football practice yesterday? 5 Have you ever lost / Did you ever lose your phone? Complete the sentences with one or ones. 0 Can you pass my pens? They’re the black ones over there. 1 I like those red trainers but I’m not so keen on the blue . 2 You see the boys over there? Which is your brother? 3 What have you done with my new DVD? I don’t want to watch this . 4 Why are you wearing those old jeans? Don’t you like the mum got you? We’ve bought two DVDs to watch. I bought this film and Sam got that Underline the correct answer. 0 I’d like to go anywhere / somewhere exciting this weekend! 1 I’ve got nothing / anything to do tomorrow. Do you want to go out? 2 Dad wants to get mum something / anything special for her birthday. 3 I can’t find the dog somewhere / anywhere. Have you seen him? 4 Has someone / anyone seen my bag? I can’t find it. 5 I saw someone / anyone I knew in town, so we had an ice cream together!