Geekie One - 1 srie EM - Inglês - Cap 09_Music Connectors

Prévia do material em texto

INGLÊSINGLÊS
CAP. 09
MUSIC – CONNECTORS
Exportado em: 20/05/2024
Escaneie com o
leitor de QR
Code da busca de
capítulos na aba
ConteúdoConteúdo
 
VER CAPÍTULOVER CAPÍTULO
SLIDES DO CAPÍTULOSLIDES DO CAPÍTULO
Hello, students! In this chapter, we will talk about the meaning and definitions of music. We
will also talk about the history of music and, for grammar, how to use connectors to
improve our communication skills.
First, read and do the activity below, following the steps.
Para começar e refletirPara começar e refletir
1
Rotina de pensamento:
Think-Pair-Share
 ROTINA DE PENSAMENTO
 
A group of teenagers listening to music from a stereo.
shutterstock.com
Provocative moment: Thanks to the internet and the many streaming apps, it
is very easy to listen to music nowadays. Music is everywhere. It is used in
different situations by everybody and pleases different tastes. Each day a new
song is created, a new singer is revealed, a new band, a new style, etc. Having
this in mind, answer the following questions.
1.
Observe the image attentively, and reflect on the elements and ideas you can
see in the image (take notes of it). 
2.
In pairs, listen to your classmate's observations and elements that he/she could
notice in the picture. Take notes of new ideas that may come up in this
process.
3.
Share with the class the elements and thoughts you and your peer had about
the image.
Music is something very present in our lives. It doesn't matter what style you like or prefer,
you will always have different options.
Reading: music historyReading: music history
2
Nowadays, it is very easy to have access to music, but things were different in the past.
Read the text below and find out how music started being inserted into our society.
A Beginner's Guide to Music History
A guitar player playing his instrument.
shutterstock.com
Music is universal. Music is also relative and subjective. One person might like a certain style of
music, while another person might not. For some people, good music can be an orchestral symphony,
a jazz set, an electronic beat or even something as simple as a bird's chirping. Take a moment to
ponder what music you like as you read our beginners guide to the history of music.
Origin and History of Music
There are numerous theories regarding when and where music originated. Though, many historians
think that music existed before man existed. That animal took part in music. Even so,
historiographers point out that there are six periods of music and each period has a particular style
that significantly contributed to what music is today.
Medieval/Middle Ages
The Middle Ages, which encompasses the century to the century, featured medieval music.
During this time, there were two general types of music styles; the monophonic and the polyphonic.
The main forms of music included Gregorian chanting and plainchant. Plainchant is a form of church
music that has no instrumental accompaniment and only involves chanting or singing. For a period, it
was the only type of music allowed in Christian churches. Around the century, secular music
became increasingly prominent, setting the stage for the music period known as the Renaissance.
ESTRELLA, Espie. A Beginner's Guide to Music History. LiveAbout. Disponível em:
<https://www.liveabout.com/music-history-101-2455857>. Acesso em: 16 Aug. 2021.
 Glossário
3
A
B
C
Chirping (verb – to chirp): to make a short high sound or sounds (especially a bird).
Ponder (verb – to ponder): to think carefully about something, especially for
a noticeable length of time.
Prominent: very well-known and important.
Agora é com você 
Questão 01
After reading the text A Beginner's Guide to Music History, answer the following
questions. 
1.a)
What is the main topic of the text?
1.b)
Does the text provide information about the origin of music, for sure? What evidence
can you find in the text to justify your answer?
1.c)
What genre of text is A Beginner's Guide to Music History? Why do you say that?
1.d)
What type of public is this text aimed to? What makes you say that?
Questão 02
2.a)
"There are numerous theories regarding when and where music originated."
The word in bold in the excerpt, removed from the text, could be replaced with:
related.
pretend.
ignoring.
4
A
B
C
A
B
C
2.b)
"That animal took part in music."
The word in bold in the excerpt, removed from the text, could be replaced with:
to live.
to be involved.
to create.
2.c)
"The Middle Ages, which encompasses the century to the century,
featured medieval music."
The word in bold in the excerpt, removed from the text, could be replaced with:
to highlight something or someone important.
to include something or someone.
to create something. 
What is music?
Some words or concepts are not so easy to define or explain. We know what it is, but
expressing it in words is not an easy task. 
Watch the following video and see how some people define the meaning of music.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRjVioW3uxA&ab;_channel=MichalJoachimowski
5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRjVioW3uxA&ab_channel=MichalJoachimowski
•
•
•
•
•
Agora é com você 
Questão 01
After watching the video, answer the following questions.
1.a)
What is the main information in the video?
1.b)
What kind of genre is the video? What are the evidences to justify your answer?
1.c)
What type of public is the video aimed at?
1.d)
What kind of language (register) could you notice in the video?
Express yourself:
music in our lives
 PRÁTICA ATIVA
 
After reading about history of music and watching a video about this topic,
answer the following questions in pairs (orally).
What is music to you?
How often do you listen to music?
What are your favourite types of music?
Are there any singers who you admire? Why?
What are important elements a song must have to be good, in your
opinion?
6
 Ouça
Songs with different instruments
As we have already read in this chapter, music is present in society for a long time.
And, it is not easy to describe why you like it, the meaning it has in our daily
routine. Music is much more than only musical instruments, such as guitar, violin
etc.
Watch and listen in this video how a group named STOMP creates songs.
Stomp is a percussion group, originating in Brighton, United Kingdom, that uses the
body and ordinary objects to create a physical theatre performance using rhythms,
acrobatics and pantomime.
We've had the opportunity to talk, read and listen about music. Check its definition and
meaning for us.
In this context, we will study the use of some important words to help us to communicate
and write in a more accurate way.
Read and do the following activity.
Explorando:
analysing the text
 PRÁTICA ATIVA
 
Questão 01
Read the following excerpts from the text A Beginner's Guide to Music History
and answer the following questions.
1.a)
In the excerpt below, which word could be replaced with the word in bold?
Language in usageLanguage in usage
7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jl--vUFS-E&ab_channel=uauprodutora
A
B
C
A
B
C
"Music is universal. Music is also relative and subjective. One person might like
a certain style of music, while another person might not."
at the same time
never
finally
1.b)
In this smaller excerpt, how many sentences are there? Justify your answer.
"One person might like a certain style of music, while another person might
not."
1.c)
What is the function of the word and in the sentences below?
"Even so, historiographers point out that there are six periods of music and
each period has a particular style that significantly contributed to what music
is today."
contrast ideas.
add ideas.
compare ideas.
1.d)
How different would the sentence be if the word and was replaced with
while?
"Even so, historiographers point out that there are six periods of music
while each period has a particular style that significantlycontributed to what
music is today."
8
Connectors
Speech bubble in puzzle pieces icon.
shutterstock.com
Connectors also called transition words, or discourse markers – they are words or
expression used to attribute ideas to sentences or join them. They are important because
they provide cohesion and coherence to a text.
There are different connectors in English that can be used for expressing your thoughts in
a better and more accurate way.
Types of connectors
As mentioned before, there are different types of connectors with different functions. 
The table below contains examples of connectors and their respective functions. Next, we
can check some examples using these connectors in sentences.
Example 1:
9
I think Beatles was the best band ever.
The verb think can be used to show opinion. In the sentence above, the speaker's opinion
is about the Beatles.
Example 2:
Firstly, I listened to this song, then I got in love with it.
Firstly and then are used to express sequence. Firstly can be used to start a sentence and
then to give a sequence of facts.
Example 3:
I love listening to this band, furthermore, it makes me happy.
Furthermore is linking the two sentences by adding two pieces of information: the fact
that the speaker loves the band and the fact that s/he is happy because of the songs of this
band. We could also use despite this, however, etc.
Example 4:
She has already listened to this song many times; nevertheless, she won't get tired of it.
Nevertheless is connecting two sentences by bringing a surprising action. Because we
expect that when someone listens to a song, s/he will get tired of it, but that is not the case.
This is the surprising fact.
Example 5:
On the whole, this band will never be forgotten.
On the whole is used to end a topic or a subject.
Example 6:
My sister loves rock, and I, likewise, love it too.
Likewise is being used in the sentence above to express a comparison between the
speaker's musical preference and his/her sister, which is the same.
Example 7:
They like to listen to Beatles, Green Day, Rolling Stones. In other words, they listen to rock
and roll all the time.
10
In other words, for instance, for example are used to connect sentences by illustrating
the ideas. Provide the same information using different words.
Example 8:
Nobody liked the songs of this band, thus their famous is over.
Thus is used to connect two sentences by expressing cause and consequence. In the
sentence above, the band is not famous any more because nobody liked the songs. We can
also use consequently, because, for, etc. to express this same idea.
Example 9: 
He is a big fan of this band. He will certainly attend this band's concert.
In the sentence above, certainly is used to emphasize a fact that is basically a fact. We can
use indeed, surely, of course, etc. to express this same idea.
11
►
►
►
A
Importante: order and words
Some connectors have special rules, such as the order they appear in the sentences
or even specific words following them.
Let's check some examples with these connectors.
Although and even though: after these connectors, there is always a complete
clause.
Example:
Even though CD sales are decreasing, music revenues are increasing.
Though: this connector may be placed at the end of the clause.
Example:
CD sales are decreasing. Music revenues are increasing, though.
Despite and in spite of: it is possible to use a noun or a gerund.
Example 1: 
(noun) Despite the price, vinyl records are very popular today. 
Example 2:
(gerund) In spite of being expensive, vinyl records are very popular today. 
Agora é com você 
Questão 01
Complete the following sentences using an appropriate connecting word.
1.a)
Alice seems to be a quite good guitar player; _______________, she can't play in public.
whereas
12
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
otherwise
nonetheless
1.b)
This restaurant has some of the best chefs in the town. _______________ their service is
excellent.
in addition to
moreover
beside
1.c)
I've never been to the US _______________ having friends and relatives there.
although
however
in spite of
1.d)
My sister works three jobs in a day; _______________, she doesn't earn much money.
however
even as
moreover
1.e)
We went out _______________the cold weather.
despite
although
besides
13
Questão 02
Choose the best option to fill each blank.
a) I love rock. ____________ (Because – While – In fact), it's my favourite kind of music.
b) She didn't go out, ____________ (since – still – but) she wanted to watch a concert on
TV.
c) ____________ (Even though – However – In fact) the concert was good, we didn't stay
till the end.
d) ____________ (Despite – Thus – Yet) musicians can upload songs, many times they don't
get paid.
e) I'm just starting to play the guitar. ____________ (But – Therefore – Since), I can't play
very well.
f) I've downloaded a great album ___________________ (in spite of – but – therefore) I can't
remember its name.
Questão 03
Choose the correct expression for each sentence – each one is only used once.
moreover – on the other hand – at least – however – besides – firstly – whereas – then
– actually – though 
3.a)
I had a terrible day at work and lost my umbrella too. ________ I spoke to that nice guy
who works in the coffee shop at last!
3.b)
Television turns people into lazy couch potatoes. ________, there are some educational
programmes on.
3.c)
________, I would like to welcome you all to the conference today.
3.d)
________ the film was a little boring, we still had a nice evening out.
14
3.e)
I've always known Caroline as a mean person. ________, she lent me $10 yesterday
without me having to ask twice!
3.f)
I got up at 9 o'clock yesterday and had a cold shower. ________, I had breakfast and left
for work.
3.g)
My brother works in a large office ________ I work on my own at home.
3.h)
Why do you think I don't want to go out tonight? ________, I would be delighted to get
out of the house.
3.i)
You should go to university as it gives you a chance to meet so many new people.
________, it gives you the chance to get important qualifications and get a better job.
3.j)
I don't want to go to the football game. Football bores me, and I don't want to pay $40
for a ticket. ________, look at the weather! All that rain!
Questão 04
Transform the sentences below using the words in brackets.
4.a)
It rained yesterday, but they are going to Rock in Rio. (despite)
4.b)
Susan plays the guitar, but she never wants to play with me. (in spite of)
4.c)
I have many songs on my Spotify, but I don't have time to listen to them. (although)
4.d)
Judy is interested in pop music, but sometimes she listens to classical music. (however)
4.e)
15
People know that music can make us relax, but many of them don't listen to it. (in spite
of)
Illustration of a set of hand drawn music notes.
shutterstock.com
Music can help us in many ways: to concentrate, to focus, to relax and even to sleep. There
is a wide variety of music styles that can be found on the internet. There are songs for
different tastes and moments and, we had the opportunity to know that music has been
appreciated for such a long time in History.
Mão na massa:
music and health
 PRÁTICA ATIVA
 
Read the piece of news and follow the steps in order to do the task about
music and health.
This activity can be performed in groups of four or five students.
How music can help our mental health
Music benefitsMusic benefits
16
GARDEN CITY, Idaho — On a recent Wednesday night, the band made up of Jenn
Snyder, Meghan Watters and Rochelle Smith pleased the crowd at The Somewhere
Bar in Garden City. Playing music makes them feel good, too. Rochelle Smith says, for
her, music is unity and healing, bringing people together from different walks of life.
[...]
PETCASH, Doug. Hello Idaho: How music can help our mentalhealth. ktvb.com. Disponível
em: <https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/health/mental-health/hello-idaho/hello-idaho-how-
music-can-help-our-mental-health/277-fedaf432-1311-4655-b3e3-dd664b1e625e>. Acesso em:
20 ago. 2021.
Procedures
Observe and read attentively the steps and do the task.
1.
Based on the piece of news you've just read, research more information about
the benefits that music can bring to us.
2.
Research what types of songs are known for providing more benefits.
3.
Interview your parents, family members and ask them the definition of music
and why they listen to it.
4.
Create a graphic to show the results of your interviews.
5.
Expose the information you found in a presentation or poster.
6.
Create your own beat by using online tools and present to the class the results
of your creation.
7.
Explain the feelings or sensations you wanted to express with your music
creation.
Language
In order to express and communicate in a more accurate way, throughout this
chapter we've talked and studied the importance of using connectors.
During your presentation, use them by following the structures as an example:
17
•
•
•
Firstly, we would like to talk about the benefits of ...
Certainly, the benefits of listening to music are ...
It is evident, therefore, that the habit of listening to music ...
18
 Sugestão para assistir
Divulgação
Dark City Beneath The Beat
Inspired by an original Baltimore club music soundtrack, Dark City: Beneath The Beat
showcases Baltimore club music as a positive subculture in a city rising above social
and economic turmoil to develop a vibrant and close-knit community for the arts
through its homegrown sound of Baltimore club music. Technical Data: Director TT
The Artist, 2020. 1h 5m.
Questão 01
Create one sentence using the information given and use the right connector indicated in
Pratique: Pratique: music and connectorsmusic and connectors
19
brackets.
1.a)
She doesn't like rock.
She listens to the Beatles.
(contrast)
1.b)
Sonia bought that t-shirt she has always wanted.
She can go to the concert wearing it.
(cause and effect)
1.c)
He likes pop singers.
He likes Britney Spears, Adele and Ariana Grande.
(illustration)
1.d)
Ariana Grande is a great singer.
(opinion)
1.e)
I like this singer.
I like his style.
(addition)
1.f)
You will love this band.
It is your favourite musical style.
20
(persuasion)
Questão 02
Enrique Arnaiz Lafuente / shutterstock.com
HEIN, Ethan. Why do people love music so much? Quora, 19 nov. 2014. Disponível em:
<https://www.quora.com>. Acesso em: 18 nov. 2016.
anger: the feeling people get when something unfair, painful, or bad happens.
bass: an electric guitar with four strings that plays very low notes.
depth: the fact of a feeling, state, or characteristic being strong, extreme, or detailed.
fuzzy: not clear.
meadow: a field with grass and often wildflowers in it.
pounding: a regular sound of something hitting something else or of loud noise.
realm: an area of interest or activity.
span: (verb – to spin) to exist or continue for a particular length of time.
stream: any current of water or liquid.
trickling: a slow flow of something (liquid).
There are online platforms these days with questions and answers about many subjects. In
the text, what can we understand from Mike Farkas's answers and the reasons why people
21
A
B
C
D
E
like music so much?
Mike claims that, among other reasons, music is enjoyed because it allows us to
journey in time and space.
According to Mike, music is enjoyed because it leads people to the same journey,
gathering them.
Mike uses information resulting from academic research to present facts to indicate
that the taste for music is something personal
According to Mike, the songs allow people to visit secret places that have been
explored during childhood and then forgotten.
Mike uses metaphors, such as "skies of hope", to say that people are attracted by
music due to its sound, which makes the brain answer to different stimuli.
Questão 03
Divulgação
LONGLEY, Martin. Moorish music with a rock attitude from Mauritanian shooting star. Song Lines, 14 ago.
2014. Disponível em: <http://www.songlines.co.uk>. Acesso em: 18 nov. 2016.
axe-spiral: spiral that contains a cutting object.
awarded: someone who has earned money or a prize following an official decision.
bathed: to be washed in a tub or a place with water.
22
carapace: a hard layer that covers and protects animals such as crabs and turtles.
crackle: a short, dry, sharp sound.
former: of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past.
frame: (verb – to frame) to fix a border around a picture etc. and often the glass in front of
it.
frenzy: excited, uncontrollable, and sometimes violent behaviour or emotion.
gourd: a round or bottle-shaped fruit that has a hard shell and that cannot usually
be eaten, or the shell of this fruit used as a container.
groove: melody.
harness: (verb - to harness) control and make use of (natural resources), especially to
produce energy.
heat-shimmer: thrilling.
hi-hat: a type of cymbal and stand used as a typical part of a drum kit by percussionists.
loping: characterized by long, bounding strides.
Moorish: belonging or relating to
the group of Muslim people from North Africa who ruled Spain from 711 to 1492.
riff: a simple tune that is used as a pattern for creating more complicated musical patterns.
scissoring: cutting.
sheen: a bright, smooth surface.
switch: (verb – to switch) to change suddenly or completely.
tight: firmly or closely.
toughened up: (verb – to tighten up) to become tighter or to make
something become tighter, firmer, or less easy to move.
vibrato: a repeated slight shaking in a musical note, either when played on
an instrument or sung, that gives a fuller sound to the note.
Saiba mais
23
An African tribal storyteller and musician is called a griot. The griot's role was to preserve the
genealogies and oral traditions of the tribe. They were usually among the oldest men in a tribe. In
places where written language is the privilege of the few, the place of the griot as cultural guardian
is still maintained. In Senegal, for example, the griot – without resorting to fantasy – recites poems
or tells stories of warriors, drawing on his own sources of inspiration. 
GRIOT. In: MERRIAM-WEBSTER. Disponível em: <http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/griot>. Acesso
em: 18 nov. 2016.
3.a)
Look at the text above. Where could you find it? Check all the correct possibilities.
( ) In a newspaper culture session.
( ) In a specialized music magazine.
( ) On a website about music equipment.
( ) On a streaming service for online music.
3.b)
Match the columns according to the information from the text.
(A) Dimi Mint Abba
(B) Jeiche Ould Chighaly 
(C) Matthew Tinari 
(D) Noura Mint Seymali 
(E) Tony Maimone 
(1) guitarist
(2) recorder
(3) Noura's stepmother
(4) singer
(5) album producer
3.c)
24
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
C
D
E
In the second paragraph of the text, find 10 noun phrases that are formed by an adjective +
a noun. Examples: tight echo; distorted guitar.
3.d)
Based on the text, it is correct to affirm that: 
people expect Saharan music stars to be from Mauritania.
Noura Mint Seymali plays the ardine, an instrument similar to a guitar.
the album Tzenni was recorded in the United States, Senegal, and Mauritania.
Noura Mint Seymali is a backing vocalist for Dimi Mint Abba, who is her stepmother.
the record is produced, performed and recorded by Noura Mint Seymali's family
members.
3.e)
About the sound of Tzenni, one can say that:
it sounds like traditional Moorish music added by guitars, effects and upfront vocals.
it's a frenzy of passion with a loping bass, heat-shimmer vocals and the peaks of hi-
hats.
Seymali's agile voice is obscured by the influence of distorted guitars and
electronic echoes.
its groove is strong,despite being recorded in a New York studio which added
glamour to it.
it seems it was recorded in a traditional street marketplace in Africa, and then fixed
in a studio.
Questão 04
The evolution of music consumption: how we got here
Janel Torkington, in an article on the future of music listening, points out that no matter how many
tracks we have available on Spotify or Beats Radio, we still have to make decisions on what we want
25
A
B
C
D
E
to listen to.
Which is why people like Paul Lamere are looking into "zero-UI" music players. These players would
ideally require no interaction from the listener whatsoever – they would use a wide range of
information made available to them (demographic information; Facebook and Twitter posts; music
library information; details on which songs were playing when the user turned up the volume,
skipped a track, or abandoned a listening session; the activity the user is taking part in, from walking
to working to working out) to generate a highly targeted playlist that not only works with the users'
taste, but also their context. While many of us music aficionados might be horrified by this idea,
Lamere makes a strong case for the fact that this sort of system would be perfect for the majority of
music listeners.
ALBRIGHT, Dann. The evolution of music consumption: how we got here. Make Use Of, 30 abr. 2015.
Disponível em: <http://www.makeuseof.com>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2016. (adaptado)
make a case: (verb – to make a case) to argue that something is the best thing to do,
giving your reasons.
point out: (verb – to point out) to tell someone about some information, often because
you believe they do not know it or have forgotten it.
targeted: directed at a particular group or activity.
whatsoever: used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is
being expressed.
wide range: a big quantity of something.
According to the text, what is being addressed?
A song player for fans which makes easy to choose the tracks according to your
preferences.
A sound system that allows its users to increase the volume and skip songs easily.
A song player that uses information about tastes and the context they are inserted to
generate a targeted playlist.
A device that allows its users to choose songs based on social media posts, among
other information.
A system that allows its users to use information about the context it is inserted to
elaborate their playlists.
26
Questão 05
Why millennials are buying more vinyl records
The entertainment industry always loves a good comeback story, and music's latest resurgence is no
exception. Despite an explosion in digital and streaming music – including Spotify, Apple Music,
Pandora and Tidal – consumers are spending more money on vinyl records, and more vinyl buyers
are millennials.
In 2014, more than 13 million vinyl long-playing albums, or LPs for short, were sold in America. And
the first half of 2015 is showing similar sales strength with more than 9 million LPs sold, according to
the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
The association says the last time it has seen such high LP sales was a quarter-century ago, in 1989.
At that time, nearly 35 million LPs were sold. Then in 1990, Compact Disc sales took off, and vinyl
sales fell by the wayside.
The current surge in LP sales is partly being driven by younger consumers. Industry researcher
MusicWatch reports half of vinyl record buyers are under 25, and men are more likely to buy LPs
than are women.
"It's definitely a bright spot for the business", RIAA's Josh Friedlander said in a statement to CNBC.
"In an increasingly digital age, vinyl records can provide a deeper, tactile connection to music that
resonates with some of the biggest fans", said Friedlander, the association's senior vice president of
strategic data analysis.
ROGERS, Kate. Why millennials are buying more vinyl records. CNBC, 6 nov. 2015. Disponível em:
<http://www.cnbc.com>. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2016. (adaptado)
bright spot: a relevant place.
comeback: a return to an earlier and better position or condition.
fall by the wayside: (verb – to fail by the wayside) fail to finish an activity, and if
something falls by the wayside, people stop doing it, making it, or using it.
millennial: born in the 1980s, 1990s, or early 2000s.
record: a flat plastic disc on which music is recorded.
strength: the ability to do things that need a lot of physical or mental effort.
surge: a sudden and great increase.
tactile: related to the sense of touch.
27
A
B
C
D
E
took off: (verb – to take off) to become successful.
What alternative brings only information presented in the text?
Consumers are investing more money in records than digital music, because of an
increase of nostalgic products
The fact that the music fans know that the record sound is deeper than digital
music.
The number of records sold corresponds to the commercialized volume in 1989, the
same year the CD was launched.
Besides digital music, there is a consumerism increasing related to records, that may
provide a more tactile connection between the audience and the music.
Over the last year, there was a boom related to the records' consumption among the
young ones under 25, which corresponds to half of CDs consumers.
Questão 06
Disponível em: <www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2016/04/state-of-the-music -industry-by-the-numbers-chart.html>.
28
A
B
C
D
E
Acesso em: 28 out. 2016.
Infographics' objectives are to provide information in a very straightforward way to their
readers. After reading the infographic above, which brings an International Federation of
the Phonographic Industry report, it is possible to state that:
the streaming worldwide music consumption increased 93%, while the physical
media decreased 4.5%.
the worldwide gross increased 3.2%, boosted by a digital consumption 45% bigger
than the physical.
the musical digital consumption in the USA increased 10.2%, getting 45% from the
total area as a whole.
the incoming resulting from the streaming consumption is responsible for increasing
the music income worldwide in 3%.
the drop of 4.5% in physical media sales and 10.5% in income resulting from
downloads is responsible for the 45.2% increasing resulting from streaming.
Questão 07
Read the text below and match the connectors from the box with the corresponding
numbers in the text
7.a)
Artist income
__1__ music sales declined over the last 10 years, live boomed. And __2__ there are signs the live
boom may be slowing, a successful artist can now typically expect to earn as little as 9% of their total
income from recorded music, compared to 57% from live. A factor of 6 : 1. There are many
complexities to the revenue split, such as the respective deals an artist is on, fixed costs etc. __3__,
these splits tend to recur. Ironically, just as everything starts with the song for digital music,
everything starts with the recorded work (and the song) for the live artist. The majority of an artist's
fan base will spend most of their time interacting with the recorded work of the artist __4__ live. The
recorded work has become the advert for live. __5__ the concert ticket of a successful frontline artist
costs on average 8 times more than buying their entire back catalogue. __6__ for fans, the ratio is
even more pronounced at 8 : 1.
MULLIGAN, Mark. The Music Industry's 6 : 1 Ratio. Music Industry, 27 mar. 2015. Disponível em:
<https://musicindustryblog.wordpress.com>. Acesso em: 18 nov. 2016. (adaptado)
advert: an advertisement, a propaganda.
29
A
B
C
D
boom: a period of sudden economic growth, especially one that results in a lot
of money being made.
deal: an agreement or an arrangement, especially in business.
live: [shows] broadcast, recorded, or seen while it is happening.
on average: the usual amount of something.
ratio: a comparison of two numbers calculated by dividing.
recorded: a piece of written informationabout something that is kept so that people can
refer to it later.
recur: (verb – to recur) to happen many times or to happen again.
revenue: the income that a government or company receives regularly.
split: a long, thin tear, or a division.
7.b)
Classify the statements as T (true) or F (false) according to the information from the text.
I. ( ) Music sales are higher today than they were 10 years ago.
II. ( ) It's necessary to record music before making profit with live music.
III. ( ) The total revenue of an artist is made of recorded music plus live music.
IV. ( ) Live music interaction generates more money for the artist than recorded music.
V. ( ) On average, it's cheaper to go to an artist's concert than buy all his/her recorded
catalogue.
Now, check the correct alternative according to the statements above.
F, F, F, T, T.
T, F, F, F, T.
F, T, F, F, T.
F, T, F, T, F.
30
E T, T, F, T, T.
Questão 08
Join the two sentences in each item by using one of the words in parentheses. Make
changes when necessary.
a) Language is constantly changing.
Writers should be as updated as possible.
(besides – rather than – therefore)
b) Prejudice against linguistic innovations exists.
Stephen Fry is a strong defender of the free use of language.
(despite – moreover – otherwise)
c) Many people are against nouns becoming verbs.
Stephen Fry often makes use of nouns changed into verbs.
(although – instead – then)
d) Picasso, Stravinsky, and Eliot were once considered ugly.
Today they are thought to be great artists.
(due to – however – thus)
31
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
e) Most educated people are obsessed with linguistic inadequacy.
Stephen Fry is not obsessed with that.
(furthermore – in order to – unlike)
Questão 09
Choose the correct connector according to its definition.
9.a)
Which connector is related to cause and effect?
because
therefore
since
as
9.b)
What connector is related to contrast?
of course
finally
and
however
9.c)
What connector is related to addition?
furthermore
yet
for
indeed
32
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
9.d)
What connector is related to persuasion?
in my view
firstly
certainly
apart from
9.e)
What connector is related to comparison?
likewise
overall
nevertheless
it seems to me
Questão 01
When it comes to politics and "fake news," facts aren't enough
In today's political climate, it sometimes feels like we can't even agree on basic facts. We bombard
each other with statistics and figures, hoping that more data will make a difference. A progressive
person might show you the same climate change graphs over and over while a conservative person
might point to the trillions of dollars of growing national debt. We're left wondering, “Why can't
they just see? It's so obvious!”
Certain myths are so pervasive that, no matter how many experts disprove them, they only seem to
grow in popularity. There's no shortage of serious studies showing no link between autism and
vaccines, for example, but these are no match for an emotional appeal to parents worried for their
young children.
Pratique: Pratique: Vestibulares e EnemVestibulares e Enem
33
A
B
C
D
E
Tali Sharot, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, studies how our minds work and
how we process new information. In her upcoming book, The Influential Mind, she explores why we
ignore facts and how we can get people to actually listen to the truth. Tali shows that we're open to
new information – but only if it confirms our existing beliefs. We find ways to ignore facts that
challenge our ideals. And as neuroscientist Bahador Bahrami and colleagues have found, we weigh all
opinions as equally valid, regardless of expertise.
So, having the data on your side is not always enough. For better or for worse, Sharot says, emotions
may be the key to changing minds.
VEDANTAM, Shankar. Disponível em: www.npr.org (adaptado).
In the first paragraph "A progressive person might show you the same climate change graphs
over and over while a conservative person might point to the trillions of dollars of growing
national debt", the underlined item expresses:
alternative.
time.
consequence.
preference.
contrast.
Questão 02
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of settled life. Yet, success in conquering them
remains patchy. Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300 million people would
come round in the next 20 to 40 years. What pathogen would cause it is anybody's guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or one that that has not yet hatched. The
34
A
B
C
D
E
scariest are both highly lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that excel at the
first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations – ordinary business for germs – can change that in a
blink. Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either wild or packed in farms, an animal
disease can become a human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal influenza virus, which mutates so much that a
vaccine must be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, which killed 50 million
to 100 million people, was a potent version of the "swine flu" that emerged in 2009. The H5N1
"avian flu" strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds
made the jump to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
Disponível em: www.economist.com, 8 fev. 2018 (adaptado).
A scientist checking a microscope slide. 
Reprodução
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo "Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts", o termo
sublinhado indica: 
acréscimo.
decorrência.
comparação.
condição.
finalidade.
Questão 03
35
A
B
C
D
For example, unusually heavy rains may predispose regions to Ebola outbreaks
The fragment that contains an expression with the same function as the one underlined
above is:
as scientists, activists and policy makers try to understand the possible implications 
While rising temperatures and sea levels are important to be considered 
changing climate patterns can have vast implications for epidemic risk as well 
These can spread illnesses such as zika, yellow fever and dengue 
ResumoResumo
36
•
•
The first registers of music date back to medieval times and, nowadays, people can
have easy access to it. People will define music in different ways, giving different
meanings and functions, too.
Connectors are used to provide cohesion and coherence to written or oral texts. They
are responsible for providing expression, ideas and also join the text. There are
different types of connectors in English. Some of them are classified in opinion,
sequence, addition, emphasis, contrast, persuasion, conclusion etc.
37
	INGLÊS
	VER CAPÍTULO
	SLIDES DO CAPÍTULO
	Para começar e refletir
	Reading: music history
	Language in usage
	Music benefits
	Pratique: music and connectors
	Pratique: Vestibulares e Enem
	Resumo