Livro C1 king of languages

Prévia do material em texto

BEYOND
BASICS
King of Languages presents
ENGLISH 
PROFICIENCY
GUIDE
BOOK 5
CONTENTS
Review: Past Tense
REview: Modals 1
Perfects Mixed
Practicing Perfects
Intensive listening practice
Phrasal Verbs 2
Review: Active and Passive Voice
Passive Forms
Practicing the 4 areas of English
Idioms 2
Reported speech in disguise
Student assessment
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Review: Modal Verbs
Practice: Modals in the past
Modals in the past 2
Idioms 3
Practicing the 4 areas of English
Review: Adverbs of frequency
Inversion with negative adverbials
Practice: Inversion with neg
Narrative Tenses
Practice: Narrative Tenses
Phrasal Verbs 3 (explain splitting)
Student assessment
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Welcome class + Vocabulary
Review: Futures simple and
continous
Practice Futures SP/CT
Adjectives and Adverbs
Practice Adjectives & Adverbs
Phrasal Verbs 1
Practicing the 4 areas of English
Review: Pronouns
Prepositions
Idioms 1
Intensive reading practice
Student assessment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONTENTS
Phrasal Verbs 4
Adverbs all forms 2
How to convey ideas appropriately
Practice inversion
Vocab Review 2
Practicing the 4 areas of English
Review: Futures PF/PFC
Practice Futures PF/PFC (reading
to imply smth)
Review Phrasal Verbs
Practice Phrasal Verbs
Intensive reading practice
Student assessment
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
 
57
58
59
60
Review Futures
Review Pasts
Review Modal Verbs
Review Mixed Conditionals
Review Pronouns
Review Active and Passive Voices
Review Inversion With Negative Adverbials
Review Wish/If Only
Review Reported Speech in Disguise
Review Narrative Tenses
Review Perfects Mixed
Prova
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Review: wish / if only
Conditionals 0,1, 2
Practice Conditionals
Practicing the 4 areas of English
Modals in the past 3
Vocab Review 1
Conditionals 3
practice conditionals 3
Intensive writting practice
Idioms 4
Mixed Conditionals
Student assessment
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
CONVERSATION CONVERSATIONCONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS1
CLASS 1
PERSONALITIES
This is a brand new journey for you, and it is
an honour to have you with us. How
engaged are you in your studies of the
English language? How are we capable of
helping you learn more about the most
important language of the world?
Welcome to C1
Tips on how to study English
Create a Study Schedule:
Allocate specific times for studying English each day. Consistency is key to language
learning.
Immerse Yourself:
Surround yourself with the language. Watch English movies, listen to music, and read
books or articles in English to expose yourself to different accents, vocabulary, and
expressions.
Practice Regularly:
Practice speaking, writing, reading, and listening regularly. Engage in conversations with
native speakers, join language exchange programs, or find language partners online.
Here are some common examples of sequencers:
NOW, LET’S
START LEARNING?
Our personality is a complex
and multifaceted aspect of who
we are, and various things can
reflect different facets of our
personality. Here are some
things that may reflect aspects
of one's personality:
Clothing Style1.
Hobbies and Interests2.
Home Decor3.
Music Preferences4.
Social Media Presence5.
Communication Style6.
Books and Reading Preferences7.
Travel Choices8.
Values and Beliefs9.
Sense of Humor10.
On the next slide, you'll see
adjectives describing people.
In three separate columns,
indicate whether each adjective
represents a positive trait, a
negative one, or both.
EXERCISE:
4
POSITIVE Negative BOTH
Independent -Spontaneous - Honest - Compassionate - Diligent- Empathetic - Friendly- Generous
- Egocentric - Fickle - Gullible - Impulsive - Jealous - Ambitious - Competitive - Confident -
Exercises:
BASED ON THE STEREOTYPES OF ACTIVITIES PEOPLE ENJOY, USE THE IMAGES
TO DESCRIBE WHAT YOU THINK THEIR PERSONALITIES ARE LIKE.
1 2 3
4 5 6
How would you describe yourself? 
Use the adjectives we've discussed today and highlight the unique
aspects that define who you are!
Parte 1 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
Narrator: Welcome to today's discussion on the intricate world of personality traits and the various
factors that shape them. We'll explore how nature and nurture collaborate to mold an individual's
character.
Speaker 1: Personality is a fascinating aspect of human psychology. While some traits are innate,
others develop through life experiences and external influences. Researchers have long debated
the interplay between genetics and environment in determining one's personality.
Speaker 2: Absolutely. Twin studies suggest a significant genetic component to personality traits.
However, the environment, including family, culture, and life events, plays a crucial role in shaping
who we are. Take, for example, the impact of early childhood experiences on the development of
traits like trust or resilience.
Speaker 3: It's intriguing how societal expectations also contribute to the formation of personality.
Individuals often conform to cultural norms, adopting certain traits deemed desirable. This can be
both a conscious and subconscious process.
Speaker 4: And let's not forget the role of education. School environments, peer interactions, and
the influence of teachers all contribute to the development of various personality facets. A
student's personality can evolve significantly throughout their academic journey.
Speaker 5: Moreover, recent studies suggest a link between personality and neurobiology. Brain
structure and function may influence certain traits, making it a truly multidimensional subject.
The Complex Interplay of Personality Traits
How do early childhood experiences influence
personality development?
In what ways does culture impact the expression of
personality traits?
Can personality traits change over time? Discuss the
role of education in this process.
Explore the connection between neurobiology and
personality. How might brain structure influence certain
traits?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS2
CLASS 2
FUTURE SIMPLE AND FUTURE CONTINUOUS REVIEW
Positive: 
Subject + will + base form of the verb
Example: She will visit the museum tomorrow.
Negative:
Subject + will not (won't) + base form of the verb
Example: They won't attend the meeting.
Question: 
Will + subject + base form of the verb?
Example: Will you join us for dinner?
Future Simple:
The future simple tense indicates actions or events occurring in the future, commonly
for predictions, promises and general future plans.
EXAMPLES
Sarah will graduate from
university next year.
The company will launch
a new product in the
coming months.
I think it will rain later in
the day.
The future continuous tense describes ongoing actions or events at a specific future
point, emphasizing their duration and commonly used for predicting or discussing
future activities.
Future Continuous:
Positive: 
Subject + will be + present participle (base form + -ing)
Example: They will be studying for the exam all night.
Negative: 
Subject + will not (won't) be + present participle
Example: I won't be attending the party tomorrow.
Question: 
Will + subject + be + present participle?
Example: Will he be working late tonight
EXAMPLES
This time tomorrow, I will
be flying to Paris.
At 8 PM tonight, she will
be giving a presentation.
I won't be sleeping when
you arrive; I'll be working
on my project.
Parte 2 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
Eloise, an aspiring polyglot, will embark on her future linguistic sojourn by delving
into the veritable cornucopia of English literature. Through voracious reading of
canonical works, she will assiduously absorb the nuances of syntaxCLICK HERE TO BEGIN YOUR EVALUATION.
The next sessions will continue with regular classes.
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT ART & BEAUTY!
Aesthetic (adjective/noun): Pertaining to beauty or the
appreciation of beauty.
Example: The painting had an incredible aesthetic appeal with its
vibrant colors and unique composition.
Masterpiece (noun): A work of outstanding artistry, skill, or
workmanship.
Example: Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" is considered a masterpiece
of Renaissance art.
Ephemeral (adjective): Lasting for a very short time; fleeting.
Example: The beauty of the sunset was ephemeral, as the colors faded
quickly.
Sublime (adjective): Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to
inspire great admiration or awe.
Example: The mountain scenery was truly sublime, leaving everyone in
awe of nature's majesty.
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Avant-garde (adjective/noun): Innovative, experimental, or
pushing the boundaries, especially in the arts.
Example: The avant-garde artist created installations that
challenged traditional notions of art.
Awe-inspiring (adjective): Evoking a feeling of reverence,
admiration, or fear.
Example: The cathedral's architecture was truly awe-inspiring,
showcasing incredible craftsmanship.
4
DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING MASTERPIECES
AND HOW YOU FEEL ABOUT THEM:
1 2 3
AT 05 AT 15 AT 20
What does the term "aesthetic" mean to you, and how does it relate to the
concept of beauty in art?
What is beauty? Is there a way to measure it?
Can you think of a specific work of art that you consider a masterpiece? What
makes it stand out to you?
Do you believe that beauty in art is subjective, or are there objective standards of
beauty? Why or why not?
How would you describe the difference between something that is "ephemeral"
and something that has lasting beauty? Can you give examples?
In your opinion, can art be both innovative (avant-garde) and beautiful at the
same time? Provide examples to support your view.
Have you ever experienced a moment in front of a work of art that left you awe-
inspired? What was it about that artwork that had such an impact on you?
How has technology impacted the way we create and appreciate art in the
modern world?
Consider the concept of "ugly beauty" or finding beauty in unconventional or
unexpected places. Can you think of examples of this in art or in everyday life?
If you could own one piece of art, regardless of its value, what would it be, and
why does it hold such significance for you?
Talk about Art and Beauty and get your opinion on the
conversation you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS13
CLASS 13
READING PRACTICE
Past Tense
The past tense is used to describe actions or events
that have already happened. There are several
ways to form the past tense in English, and the
choice depends on the verb and its base form. Here
are the main forms:
Regular Verbs: Regular verbs form the past tense by adding "-ed"
to the base form. For example:
Walk (base form): He walked to the store.
Play (base form): She played the piano yesterday.
Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs do not follow a regular pattern
when forming the past tense. They have unique forms. For
example:
Go (base form): I went to the park.
Eat (base form): She ate lunch an hour ago.
-ed Pronunciation: The "-ed" ending can be pronounced in
different ways:
/t/ as in "worked" (e.g., start, want).
/d/ as in "played" (e.g., end, need).
/ɪd/ as in "visited" (e.g., admit, happen).
Types and Examples of Prepositions:
Past Continuous Tense: This tense is formed with the past tense of
the verb "to be" (was/were) and the present participle (verb + -ing).
It is used to describe actions that were ongoing at a specific point in
the past. For example: I was studying when the phone rang.
Past Perfect Tense: The past perfect tense is formed with the past
tense of the verb "to have" (had) and the past participle. It is used to
express an action that occurred before another action in the past.
For example: She had already finished her homework when the
guests arrived.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense: This tense is formed with the past
perfect of the verb "to be" (had been) and the present participle. It
describes an action that was ongoing for some time before another
action in the past. For example: They had been waiting for hours
before the concert started.
Signal Words for Past Tenses: Certain words and expressions often
indicate the use of the past tense. These include: Yesterday, last
week, in 2005, two days ago, etc.
Parte 13 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
Technology and Life in the Early 90s
Welcome to this audio segment where we delve into the fascinating world of technology and what life was like in the early 1990s. Fasten your
seatbelts for a nostalgic journey!
In the early 90s, technology was undergoing a seismic shift. Personal computers were becoming more prevalent, although they were far from the
sleek, lightweight devices we're accustomed to today. The bulky monitors and slow processing speeds were a testament to the infancy of the
digital age. Many households were just getting their first desktop computers, often accompanied by the distinctive sound of a dial-up modem
connecting to the internet.
Communication was a different ballgame back then. Mobile phones, if you were lucky enough to have one, were hefty bricks that did little more
than make calls. The idea of sending text messages or using a phone to navigate the world seemed like science fiction.
The Walkman was a cherished possession, allowing individuals to carry their music on the go. Cassette tapes were the medium of choice, and
creating the perfect mixtape was an art form. No streaming services, no Bluetooth headphones – just the simple joy of pressing play and rewind.
When it came to capturing memories, people relied on film cameras. Taking photos was a more deliberate process, with no instant previews or
filters. You had to wait patiently for the film to be developed, often discovering unexpected gems among the prints.
Entertainment options were limited compared to today's streaming abundance. Cable television was the gateway to a handful of channels, and
the VCR was a revolutionary device, allowing you to record your favorite shows or watch a movie at your convenience. No binge-watching entire
seasons – it was a one-episode-at-a-time experience.
In the realm of video games, the early 90s introduced us to 16-bit consoles like the Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo. Games were cartridges,
and multiplayer often involved sitting side by side with friends, not connecting through the internet.
As we reflect on those years, it's remarkable to see how far technology has come. The past may seem like a simpler time, but the advancements
we enjoy today have transformed the way we live, connect, and entertain ourselves.
Listening Comprehension 
Questions:
Describe the state of personal computers in the early 1990s,
including their appearance and capabilities.
What was the common experience associated with connecting to
the internet in the early 90s, and what kind of devices were used
for this purpose?
Explain the characteristics of early mobile phones in the 1990s
and their primary function.
What role did the Walkman play in the early 90s, and what were
the typical features of the music medium used with it?
How did people capture memories through photos in the early
90s, and what was the process of obtaining developed photos
like?
Contrast the entertainment options of the early 90s, including television and movie-watching, with the
options available today.
How did video game consoles in the early 90s differ from contemporary gaming experiences, and what
were the popular gaming platforms of that time?
Reflect on the overall advancements in technology mentioned in the listening text and their impact on
daily life .
Let’s say you have beentransported to the 90's. What would you
do? What would be the best parts about going to this era?
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
Writing Exercise: 
Write an essay reflecting on the rapid evolution of technology, exploring its impact on
communication, entertainment, and daily routines. Cover past, present, and future
advancements, discussing how they have shaped our lives.
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
Introduction: Set the stage for technological changes and outline main areas of exploration.
Communication: Trace evolution from mail to social media and its impact on connectivity.
Entertainment: Discuss streaming, video games, and on-demand content's influence on media
consumption.
Daily Routines: Analyze technology's role in household tasks, smart homes, and workspaces.
Personal Experiences: Share anecdotes on technology's impact on habits and perspectives.
Future Predictions: Speculate on emerging technologies like AI and VR and their societal
implications.
Conclusion: Summarize key points and assess the overall impact of technological evolution.
Evolution of Car Technology
In the automotive world, the evolution of technology has played a pivotal role in shaping the way
we perceive and interact with cars. Over the past century, various car brands have pioneered
innovations, pushing the boundaries of what is possible and redefining our driving experience.
One of the early milestones in automotive history was the mass production of automobiles by
Ford in the early 20th century. The Model T, introduced in 1908, revolutionized transportation by
making cars affordable and accessible to a broader population. This marked the beginning of a
new era in mobility.
As time progressed, different car manufacturers introduced their models, each incorporating
technological advancements. In the 1950s and 1960s, American car manufacturers, such as
Chevrolet and Ford, competed fiercely, introducing iconic models like the Chevrolet Corvette and
the Ford Mustang. These cars became synonymous with a sense of freedom and represented
the spirit of the era.
The late 20th century witnessed a surge in Japanese car brands,
particularly Toyota and Honda, known for their reliability and fuel
efficiency. The introduction of hybrid technology, notably with the Toyota
Prius, marked a significant step towards more environmentally conscious
driving.
Moving into the 21st century, electric cars gained prominence, with Tesla
leading the way. The Tesla Model S, introduced in 2012, demonstrated that
electric cars could be both stylish and high-performing. This triggered a
shift in the industry, prompting established car manufacturers like BMW
and Mercedes-Benz to invest heavily in electric vehicle technology.
Advancements in autonomous driving technology have also been a focal
point in recent years. Companies like Google and Tesla have been at the
forefront, developing cars that can navigate without human intervention.
This technological leap has raised ethical and safety concerns but also
holds the promise of safer and more efficient transportation.
Questions
Identify two historical milestones mentioned in the
passage regarding the evolution of car technology.
1.
How did the mass production of automobiles by Ford
impact the accessibility of cars?
2.
What characteristics made Japanese car brands, such
as Toyota and Honda, stand out in the late 20th century?
3.
How did the introduction of the Toyota Prius contribute to
changing driving habits?
4.
Discuss the impact of the Tesla Model S on the
perception of electric cars.
5.
Name two established car manufacturers that have
invested significantly in electric vehicle technology.
6.
What is the significance of advancements in
autonomous driving technology, and what concerns do
they raise?
7.
Well, it’s a little bit funny how
somehow we get dragged to
the past as a comforting
time. Bring out your favorite
old song and talk to your
teacher about its lyrics and
why is it so important to you.
Discuss it in the first five
minutes of your next class.
Homework Time! 
Lesson 13
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS14
CLASS 14
MODALS REVIEW
Modals
Modal verbs are a special type of auxiliary verbs
used to express ability, possibility, necessity,
permission, obligation, or requests. They add more
meaning to the main verb in a sentence. Here are
some common modal verbs:
EXAMPLES
Ability: 
can: I can swim. 
could: She could solve the puzzle.
Requests: 
could: Could you pass me the salt? 
may: May I come in?
Promise: 
will: He will help you.
Hypothetical: 
would: If I had more time, I would visit you.
Suggestion: 
shall: Shall we go to the park?
Obligation: 
should: You should study for the exam. 
must: You must finish your homework. 
ought to: You ought to apologize.
Possibility:
may: It may rain tomorrow. 
might: It might rain later.
Necessity: 
must: You must finish your assignment. 
need to: I need to go to the store.
Parte 14 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
Interviewer: Good morning, Jane. Thank you for coming in today. To begin, could you tell us a bit about your experience in the
marketing field?
Jane: Good morning. Certainly. I've been working in marketing for over a decade, managing various campaigns for both local and
international clients. I've successfully led teams and implemented strategies that have significantly boosted brand recognition
and sales.
Interviewer: Impressive. Now, this role involves a lot of travel. Are you comfortable with that?
Jane: Absolutely. In my previous positions, I've often traveled to meet clients and attend industry events. I believe it's crucial to
establish strong, face-to-face relationships, and I'm more than willing to travel as needed.
Interviewer: Great to hear. Now, the industry is evolving rapidly. How do you stay updated on the latest marketing trends?
Jane: Well, staying current is paramount in our field. I regularly attend industry conferences, webinars, and I'm a member of
professional marketing associations. Continuous learning is essential, and I make it a point to incorporate new trends into my
strategies.
Interviewer: Excellent. Suppose you were faced with a challenging project and tight deadlines. How do you handle pressure?
Jane: I thrive under pressure. In my previous role, we had a major product launch with a tight timeline. I organized the team
efficiently, set clear priorities, and we successfully met the deadline. It's all about effective time management and maintaining a
positive mindset.
Interviewer: That's a valuable skill. Lastly, our team values collaboration. Can you share an experience where you successfully
collaborated with others to achieve a common goal?
Jane: Certainly. In a recent campaign, I collaborated closely with the creative and sales teams. By fostering open communication
and respecting each team member's expertise, we created a cohesive and successful campaign that exceeded our client's
expectations.
Interviewer: Thank you, Jane. That concludes our interview. We'll be in touch soon.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What is Jane's background in marketing?
How does Jane feel about frequent travel?
How does Jane stay updated on the latest
marketing trends?
How does Jane handle pressure in challenging
situations?
Give an example of Jane's successful collaboration
with a team.
Imagine you're the marketing manager of an online retail
company. Your team is working on a new advertising
campaign to launch an exclusive brand product. You face a
critical decision: choosing between two digital marketing
strategies to promote the product - an influencer approach on
social media or a paid advertising campaign on e-commerce
platforms. Reflect on:
Decision: Choosing between the influencer approach or
the paid advertising campaign. 
Responsibility: Your role as the leader of the marketing
team. 
Collaboration: How to involve your team in selecting the
strategy. 
Decision-Making and ResponsibilityAs a C1-level writer, you're tasked with drafting a report on the future of work for a business
magazine. Reflect on:
Remote Work: Explore its impact on productivity, work-life balance, and the traditional office
setting using modal verbs for possibilities and challenges.
Skill Development: Consider crucial skills for the future job market and advise on preparation
using modals for suggestions and potential avenues.
 Automation and AI: Examine their influence on job roles and convey potential scenarios and
implications with modals.
Corporate Responsibility: Discuss how businesses can promote social responsibility and
sustainability, offering recommendations and possibilities with modals.
Work-Life Integration: Reflect on embracing a more integrated approach to work and personal
life, highlighting potential benefits and challenges with modals.
Employee Well-being: Prioritize employee well-being in the future workplace, suggesting
strategies and recommendations with modal verbs.
Writing Exercise: 
The Future of Sustainable Living
In the foreseeable future, the looming threat of climate change presents unparalleled challenges. To
safeguard a sustainable and habitable planet for future generations, it's imperative for individuals,
governments, and businesses to take responsible action. Businesses, as part of their corporate social
responsibility, should prioritize the adoption of eco-conscious practices. Investing in research and
development for environmentally friendly products not only meets consumer needs but also aligns
with broader sustainability goals. On an individual level, consumer choices can wield considerable
influence. 
Supporting companies with environmentally friendly practices and adopting mindful energy
consumption and waste reduction habits are crucial steps toward collective sustainability. Although
the journey towards a sustainable future may be arduous, the combined efforts of communities,
businesses, and governments can pave the way for significant positive change. While it may
necessitate sacrifices and adjustments, the long-term benefits are bound to outweigh the initial
challenges. In conclusion, the actions we take today hold the power to sculpt the trajectory of our
planet's future. By embracing proactive measures to address climate change, we can lay the
groundwork for a better, more sustainable world for generations to come.
Questions
How does the text emphasize the importance of
collective action in addressing the challenges posed
by climate change?
1.
What role do businesses play in promoting
sustainability, according to the text?
2.
How does the text suggest individuals can contribute
to collective sustainability efforts?
3.
What challenges does the text acknowledge in the
journey towards a sustainable future?
4.
How does the text convey optimism about the
potential for positive change despite these
challenges?
5.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS15
CLASS 15
PEFECTS MIXED
Perfects Mixed
The "perfects" in English refer to verbal forms that
indicate a connection between an action and a
specific point in time. They are used to show that an
action has been completed or had a continuous effect
before, during, or after a specific moment. There are
three main types of "perfects": Present Perfect, Past
Perfect, and Future Perfect. In short, they help us
understand when an action occurred in relation to
other events in the past, present, or future.
Present Perfect: Used to describe an action that
began in the past but is still relevant to the present.
Formula: [has/have] + [past participle]
EXAMPLES:
I have visited Paris three times.
She has already eaten dinner.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
GIVE AN EXAMPLE IN YOUR OWN WORDS USING PRESENT PERFECT
EXAMPLES
GIVE AN EXAMPLE IN YOUR OWN WORDS USING FUTURE PERFECT
Future Perfect: Used to describe an action that will be
completed before a specific point in the future.
Formula: [will have] + [past participle]
EXAMPLES:
By the time you arrive, I will have finished my work.
Next year, they will have been married for twenty years.
The construction project will have been completed by
the end of the month.
EXAMPLES
GIVE AN EXAMPLE IN YOUR OWN WORDS USING PAST PERFECT
Past Perfect: Used to describe an action that was completed
before another past action or a specific point in the past.
Formula: [had] + [past participle]
EXAMPLES:
When I arrived at the party, they had already left.
She had finished her book before the movie started.
By the time we got to the airport, the flight had already
departed.
EXAMPLES
Parte 15 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
A Weekend Adventure
Last weekend, Sarah and her friends decided to embark on a hiking trip. They had planned this excursion for weeks,
and excitement had been building up among the group. On Saturday morning, they met at the trailhead. Sarah,
who had never hiked in the mountains before, was both nervous and thrilled.
As they began their ascent, the weather forecast predicted rain later in the day. However, the group remained
optimistic. By midday, they had reached the summit, and the panoramic view of the landscape below was
breathtaking. The sense of accomplishment was overwhelming, and they realized that their hard work had paid off.
While they enjoyed their lunch at the peak, Sarah mentioned that she had visited many national parks but had
never seen such a stunning view. Her friends, who had traveled extensively, agreed that this was a unique
experience.
As they descended, the sky grew darker, and Sarah wondered if they would have made it back before the rain.
Luckily, they reached the base just in time. Sarah was relieved and grateful for the unforgettable adventure. By the
time they returned home, everyone felt exhausted but content, knowing that they had shared an unforgettable
experience.
The next morning, Sarah reflected on the weekend and realized that she had accomplished something she
thought was beyond her abilities. She felt inspired to plan more outdoor adventures in the future. The memories of
this weekend will have shaped her outlook on challenges and accomplishments for years to come.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What motivated Sarah and her friends to plan this hiking trip?
How does the anticipation build up among the group before the hike?
Describe Sarah's emotional state at the beginning of the hike. How
does it change throughout the trip?
How does the author create tension and excitement with the mention
of the impending rain?
Why does Sarah find the view from the summit so remarkable
compared to her previous experiences?
How does the weather impact the group's experience during their
descent?
How does Sarah's perspective on her abilities and potential change
after completing the hike?
How might this weekend adventure influence Sarah's future choices
and outlook on life?
Writing Exercise: 
Write about a journey—real or imaginary—that spans across different phases of time.
Use a combination of present perfect, future perfect, and past perfect tenses to
convey the various experiences and transitions throughout this unique journey.
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
A Journey Through Time
The Time Traveler's Journal"
"In the year 2100, Dr. Amelia Grayson, a renowned physicist, had dedicated her life to the pursuit of
time travel. For decades, she had researched the elusive secrets of temporal manipulation. By the
time she reached her breakthrough, she had studied ancient texts, experimented with cutting-edge
technology, and collaborated with the brightest minds of her era.
As she activated the time machine, a surge of excitement coursed through her veins. She would have
the opportunity to witness historical events firsthand and explore the mysteries of the future. Over the
next few years, she will have visited the Renaissance, witnessed the signing of pivotal treaties, and will
have glimpsed into the distant future of humanity.
Her adventures, however,will have come at a cost. By the time she returns to her own time, she will
have encountered challenges that will have tested her ethical boundaries and will have altered her
perception of reality. The experiences she will have gained will have left an indelible mark on her soul,
shaping the person she will have become.
As her time-traveling journey continues, Dr. Grayson reflects on the profound impact her discoveries
will have had on the understanding of time and space. By the time the world catches up to her
advancements, the boundaries between past, present, and future will have blurred, and the world will
have changed in ways unimaginable to the people of her time.
Questions
Who is Dr. Amelia Grayson and what has she
dedicated her life to?
1.
How did Dr. Grayson prepare for her breakthrough in
time travel?
2.
What emotions did Dr. Grayson experience as she
activated the time machine?
3.
What consequences did Dr. Grayson face as a result
of her time-traveling experiences?
4.
How did Dr. Grayson's perception of reality change
due to her adventures?
5.
How do you think Dr. Grayson's experiences might
have shaped her personality and worldview?
6.
This exercise is pretty simple. Just
answer in a long way the following
questions using all perfect tenses
you may think of:
How’s life been?
What have you achieved so far?
What will you have done in 5
years time?
Homework Time! 
Lesson 15
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS16
CLASS 16
PERFECTS REVIEW
This class will assume that you already have a solid
understanding of basic grammar concepts and
have been introduced to each perfect continuous
tense individually.
Perfects Mixed
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
Structure: [has/have] + [been] + [present participle (verb + -ing)]
Usage:
Describes an action that started in the past and continues into the present.
Emphasizes the duration or ongoing nature of the activity.
Often used with expressions like "for" and "since" to indicate the duration.
Examples:
I have been studying English for five years.
She has been working on the project since Monday.
They have been traveling around the world.
Perfects
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
Structure: [had] + [been] + [present
participle]
Usage:
Describes an ongoing action that started
and continued up to a point in the past.
Often used to show the duration of an
activity before another past event.
Helps convey the idea that an action was in
progress and relevant before something else
happened.
Examples:
I had been studying for hours when she
called.
By 2010, he had been working in the
company for a decade.
They realized they had been living in the
same city all their lives.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
Structure: [will have] + [been] + [present
participle]
Usage:
Describes an ongoing action that will continue
up to a specific point in the future.
Emphasizes the duration or progress of an
activity expected to happen before another
future event.
Often used with expressions like "for" and "by"
to indicate the expected duration.
Examples:
By this time next year, I will have been working
here for a decade.
She will have been studying for six hours by
the time the exam starts.
In ten years, they will have been living in that
house for a century.
Parte 16 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
"The Journey of Learning"
Narrator: In the realm of lifelong learning, individuals from various walks of life have been immersing themselves in a
continuous journey of knowledge. Many of them have been pursuing degrees, attending workshops, and engaging in
discussions to expand their horizons.
As of now, some students have been participating in an online course that has been pushing the boundaries of traditional
education. By the time they finish this program, they will have been exposed to a wealth of information, and their perspectives will
have been shaped by a diverse range of ideas.
Meanwhile, seasoned professionals, who have been working in their respective fields for years, have been embracing the concept
of continuous improvement. They have been attending conferences, networking events, and mentorship programs to enhance
their skills. Over the past few months, they will have been dedicating countless hours to self-reflection and skill development.
Reflecting on the journey, some individuals will have been considering the pivotal moments that will have defined their growth. By
the time they look back, they will have recognized the importance of perseverance and the value of continuous learning in their
personal and professional lives.
Narrator: Looking ahead, the journey will continue. Individuals will have set ambitious goals for the future, envisioning a path
where they will have been mastering new skills, expanding their knowledge base, and contributing to the ever-evolving
landscape of their fields.
As we conclude this snapshot of the continuous learning journey, remember that the pursuit of knowledge will have a lasting
impact on individuals, shaping not only their present but also the possibilities that will have unfolded in their futures.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What are some activities that students have been engaging in as
part of their continuous learning journey, and how does the present
perfect continuous tense convey their ongoing commitment?
According to the passage, what will individuals have been doing in
the future to continue their journey of learning, and how does the
future perfect continuous tense convey this ongoing process?
Identify a moment in the passage where the past perfect
continuous tense is used. How does this tense contribute to the
understanding of the experiences of seasoned professionals?
In the section discussing the reflections on growth, how do the
mixed perfect continuous tenses help convey the dynamic nature
of the learning journey over time?
Let's Practice
"Life's Learning Journey"
Share your experiences and reflections on your lifelong
learning journey, incorporating a mix of present perfect
continuous, past perfect continuous, and future perfect
continuous tenses.
Share a moment where the past, present, and future
aspects of your learning journey converge. Example:
"Reflecting on the challenges I had been facing, I find
myself currently engaged in a project that I have been
dreaming of for years, and I am confident that, in the
future, I will have achieved..."
"The Evolving Passion"
Write a piece about a personal or professional passion that has been a constant in your
life. Integrate elements of present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, and future
perfect continuous tenses to describe the journey,evolution, and future projections of this
passion.
Writing Prompt
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
"A Decade of Innovation"
Over the past decade, the field of technology has been evolving at an unprecedented pace.
Innovators around the globe have been dedicating their lives to pushing the boundaries of
what has been traditionally deemed possible. As of now, groundbreaking projects have been
transforming industries, and the impact of these endeavors has been reverberating
throughout society.
In Silicon Valley, engineers and developers have been collaborating on projects that have
been redefining the way we interact with technology. For the past five years, they have been
developing cutting-edge artificial intelligence systems that have been revolutionizing various
sectors. By the time these systems are fully implemented, they will have been reshaping the
landscape of healthcare, finance, and transportation.
Reflecting on the past achievements, it's evident that thesetechnological 
advancements have been propelling us into the future. Before the advent 
of these innovations, scientists and researchers had been grappling with challenges that had
been hindering progress. By the time breakthroughs occurred, they had been conducting
experiments, analyzing data, and collaborating across disciplines for years.
Looking ahead, experts predict that the coming years will see even more profound changes.
Engineers will have been designing technologies that will have been addressing pressing
global issues, such as climate change and resource depletion. By the time we reach the mid-
century mark, sustainable solutions will have been implemented, and societies around the
world will have been adapting to a new era of environmental consciousness.
In conclusion, the continuous pursuit of innovation has been an integral part of the past,
present, and future. Over the last decade, professionals have been pushing the boundaries,
addressing challenges, and envisioning a world that will have been shaped by continuous
progress in technology.
Questions
Question: How has the field of technology been evolving
over the past decade, and how does the present perfect
continuous tense convey this ongoing process?
1.
Question: What impact will the artificial intelligence
systems have on various sectors, and how does the
future perfect continuous tense convey the anticipation
of their influence?
2.
Question: In what ways did scientists and researchers
contribute to technological breakthroughs, and how does
the past perfect continuous tense emphasize the
duration and ongoing nature of their efforts?
3.
Question: In the section discussing the future predictions,
how do the mixed perfect continuous tenses help convey
the idea that engineers will be continuously working on
designing technologies to address global issues?
4.
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT HOLIDAYS!
Vocabulary:
FESTIVE:
Definition: Having a joyful and celebratory atmosphere.
Example: The city was festive with colorful lights and decorations during the
holiday season.
TRADITION:
Definition: A custom or belief passed down through generations, often associated
with holidays.
Example: Our family has a tradition of baking cookies together every Christmas
Eve.
CELEBRATE:
Definition: To observe a special day or event with ceremonies or festivities.
Example: We celebrate our national independence day with parades and
fireworks.
CULTURAL EXCHANGE:
Definition: The sharing of cultural elements between different groups or societies.
Example: The holiday season is a time for cultural exchange as people from
various backgrounds come together.
REUNION:
Definition: A gathering of people who have been separated, often with the
intention of celebrating and catching up.
Example: The family reunion during the holidays was filled with laughter and
shared memories.
RESOLUTIONS:
Definition: Decisions or commitments to do or not do something in the coming
year.
Example: Many people make New Year's resolutions to improve their health or
learn a new skill.
FESTIVITIES:
Definition: The events, activities, and celebrations associated with a festival or
holiday.
Example: The town organized various festivities, including a parade and a
carnival, to mark the holiday.
SEASONAL GREETINGS:
Definition: Expressions of goodwill or wishes exchanged during a particular
season, especially during the holidays.
Example: We send seasonal greetings to our friends and family, wishing them joy
and prosperity.
REFLECT:
Definition: To think deeply or carefully about something, often with a focus on the
past.
Example: During the holiday season, people often reflect on the
accomplishments and challenges of the year.
Charitable Giving:
Definition: Donating money, goods, or time to help those in need, especially
during the holiday season.
Example: Many people engage in charitable giving by donating to local
organizations during the holidays.
Culinary Delights:
Definition: Delicious and special foods associated with holiday celebrations.
Example: The holiday feast featured a variety of culinary delights, from traditional
dishes to creative desserts.
Seasonal Decorations:
Definition: Ornaments and adornments used to decorate homes, streets, and
public spaces during a particular season.
Example: The city was adorned with seasonal decorations, creating a festive and
inviting atmosphere.
Let’s Talk!
What is your favorite holiday, and why?
How do you usually celebrate your favorite holiday?
Are there any unique or traditional holidays celebrated in your culture?
How do people in your country typically celebrate major holidays?
Can you share a special holiday memory from your childhood?
What was the most memorable holiday you've ever had, and what made it so special?
Do you have any specific holiday traditions in your family?
Are there any traditions in your country that you find particularly interesting?
Do you prefer spending holidays at home or exploring new places?
What special foods or dishes are associated with holidays in your culture?
Have you ever tried a traditional dish from another country during the holidays?
How does gift-giving play a role in your holiday celebrations?
What was the most thoughtful or memorable gift you've ever received?
Do you usually make New Year's resolutions? What are some examples?
Have you ever successfully achieved a New Year's resolution?
How do you feel about celebrating holidays from different cultures?
Do you take time to reflect on the past year during the holiday season?
What achievements or challenges from the past year do you reflect on?
How do you think charitable giving contributes to the holiday spirit?
Do you have a favorite holiday movie or song? What makes it special to you?
How do movies and music contribute to the holiday atmosphere in your culture?
Talk about Holidays and get your opinion on the conversation
you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS17
CLASS 17
LISTENING EXERCISE
In this class, you’ll be presented to a listening
exercise that will make you discuss topics and
vocabulary that may be totally new to you. Do your
best and be active!
Listening Intesive
Parte 17 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
The Pinnacle of Technological Marvels
In the realm of scientific ingenuity, where innovation intersects with the avant-garde, a cadre of audacious minds
congregates to forge the paragon of technological marvels. Behold the apex of human achievement, an amalgamation
of prodigious intellect and unbridled imagination.
At the vanguard of this epoch-defining enterprise is the enigmatic polymath, Dr. Archibald Thorne, whose labyrinthine
cerebrum navigates the intricacies of quantum mechanics with unparalleled finesse. His magnum opus, the Quantum
Cognitron, stands as an indomitable testament to the acme of artificialintelligence. This quantum behemoth, replete with
neural circuitry that emulates synaptic efficacy, transcends the quotidian realms of machine cognition.
The ambience within Thorne's sanctum is imbued with an ethereal aura, redolent of scientific transcendence. Gleaming
monitors flicker like celestial constellations, heralding the culmination of eons of human inquiry. Amidst the palpable hum
of quantum processors, one discerns the pulsating heartbeat of technological apotheosis.
As the Quantum Cognitron burgeons into sentience, it heralds an epoch where machination converges with metaphysics,
birthing a pantheon of possibilities hitherto consigned to the annals of speculative reverie. The quintessence of its
cognitive prowess unfurls a tapestry of ontological transcendence, rewriting the very fabric of our understanding.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What is described as the "pinnacle of technological marvels" in the
text?
Who is the central figure leading the technological advancement,
and what is his notable creation?
How does the text characterize Dr. Archibald Thorne's intellect?
Explain the significance of the term "Quantum Cognitron" in the
context of the passage.
Why does the text describe Dr. Thorne's cerebrum as "labyrinthine"?
Based on the text, what does the phrase "machination converges
with metaphysics" imply?
How does the use of metaphoric language contribute to the overall
atmosphere in Dr. Thorne's sanctum?
In your own words, explain the idea of "ontological transcendence" as presented in the text.
Do you think the described technological achievement is a realistic possibility in the near future? Why or
why not?
How might the emergence of such advanced artificial intelligence impact various aspects of society,
including ethics and human understanding?
Let's Practice
Consider the implications of achieving "ontological
transcendence" through technology. How might it impact
society, ethics, and human existence?
Reflect on the role of audacious innovators like Dr. Thorne
in pushing the boundaries of scientific inquiry.
Make a free topic essay using the vocabulary given:
Ingenuity (noun): The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.
Avant-garde (noun): A group of people who develop new and experimental ideas, especially in the arts.
Cadre (noun): A small group of people trained for a particular purpose or profession.
Audacious (adjective): Showing a willingness to take surprisingly bold risks.
Paragon (noun): A person or thing regarded as a perfect example of a particular quality.
Prodigious (adjective): Remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree.
Unbridled (adjective): Uncontrolled; unconstrained.
Enigmatic (adjective): Difficult to interpret or understand; mysterious.
Labyrinthine (adjective): Complicated and confusing, like a labyrinth; intricate.
Quantum (adjective): Relating to or using the principles of quantum mechanics.
Magnum Opus (noun): The greatest work of an artist, writer, or composer.
Indomitable (adjective): Impossible to subdue or defeat.
Writing Prompt
Replete (adjective): Filled or well-supplied with something.
Ethereal (adjective): Extremely delicate and light in a way that seems not to be of this world.
Constellations (noun): A group of stars forming a recognizable pattern.
Apotheosis (noun): The highest point in the development of something; culmination.
Sanctum (noun): A sacred or private place; a place where one is free from intrusion.
Palpable (adjective): Able to be touched or felt; easily perceptible.
Behemoth (noun): Something enormous, especially a large and powerful organization.
Ontological (adjective): Relating to the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being.
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS18
CLASS 18
PHRASAL VERBS 2
Phrasal verbs are combinations of a main verb and
one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs) that
create a specific meaning. The particle can change the
meaning of the main verb, often giving it a more
idiomatic or nuanced sense. Phrasal verbs are
commonly used in everyday English, and
understanding them is crucial for effective
communication.
Phrasal Verbs
Hone in on:
Example: The detective honed in on the subtle details of the crime scene to unravel
the mystery.
Fend off:
Example: The skilled negotiator adeptly fended off the challenging questions from
the press.
Bank on:
Example: The success of the project was largely banked on the innovative strategies
devised by the research team.
Phase out:
Example: The company decided to phase out the outdated technology in favor of
more advanced solutions.
Factor in:
Example: When planning the budget, it's crucial to factor in unexpected expenses to
ensure financial stability.
EXAMPLES
Zero in on:
Example: The researcher zeroed in on a groundbreaking 
discovery after months of intensive study.
Bear out:
Example: The evidence presented in court bore out the defendant's claim of
innocence.
Drill down:
Example: Analysts had to drill down into the complex data to identify the underlying
trends.
Cash in on:
Example: Opportunistic entrepreneurs often try to cash in on emerging trends in the
market.
Run up against:
Example: The team unexpectedly ran up against unforeseen challenges during the
implementation of the project.
Parte 18 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Navigating the Business Landscape
Narrator: In the fast-paced world of entrepreneurship, seasoned leaders constantly hone in on strategies to stay ahead of
the curve. Let's delve into the experiences of Olivia Rodriguez, a dynamic CEO who has successfully navigated the business
landscape.
Interviewer: Olivia, could you share an instance where you had to fend off challenges in your industry?
Olivia: Absolutely. A few years ago, our company faced intense competition. We had to fend off rivals by not only banking on
our core strengths but also by phasing out outdated practices. It was a complex process, but we managed to zero in on
innovative solutions that revitalized our position in the market.
Interviewer: Impressive! Can you talk about a time when you had to factor in unexpected variables in your business plans?
Olivia: Certainly. Last year, we were planning a major expansion, and just when everything seemed set, a global economic
shift occurred. We had to factor in the potential impact on our industry and quickly adjust our strategy to ensure financial
stability. It's crucial to be flexible and adaptable.
Interviewer: Interesting. Have you ever had to run up against unforeseen challenges during a project?
Olivia: Yes, indeed. During the implementation of a crucial project, we unexpectedly ran up against technical issues. We had
to drill down into the root causes and bear out a comprehensive solution. The experience taught us the importance of
thorough planning and risk management.
Interviewer: It sounds like you've mastered the art of cashing in on opportunities. Can you share a success story?
Olivia: Certainly. We identified a gap in the market and decided to cash in on the emerging trend of sustainable products. By
quickly zeroing in on eco-friendly solutions, we not only met consumer demands but also enhanced our brand reputation.
Interviewer: Imparting valuable insights, Olivia. Thank you for sharing your experiences in navigating the dynamic business
landscape.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What challenges did Olivia's company face a few years ago, and
how did they fend off rivals?
In what ways did Olivia factor in unexpected variables during a
major expansion plan?
How does Olivia describe the process of dealing with technical
issues during a project? Which phrasal verb is used?
According to Olivia, how did the company cash in on an emerging
trend in the market?
How does Olivia's experience exemplify the importance of being
flexible and adaptable in the business world?
Can you think of a scenario in whicha company might need to drill
down into the root causes of a problem?
Based on Olivia's success story, discuss the advantages and challenges of cashing in on 
emerging trends in business.
In your opinion, why is it crucial for businesses to constantly hone in on strategies to stay ahead of the
curve?
Reflect on a time when you or someone you know had to factor in unexpected variables in a project or
business endeavor.
Consider a current business trend. How mig
Let's Practice
Business Strategies and Challenges
Imagine you are a successful entrepreneur invited to speak at a business
conference. Reflect on your experiences and respond to the following
questions, incorporating the phrasal verbs provided.
Describe a specific challenge your company faced in the past. How did
you fend off competitors and maintain your position in the market?
Discuss the importance of adaptability in the business world. Can you
share a situation where you had to factor in unexpected variables to
ensure the success of a project or business plan?
Narrate an experience where your company ran up against unforeseen
technical issues during a project. How did you drill down into the root
causes, and what strategies did you employ to bear out a
comprehensive solution?
Share a success story where your company identified and capitalized
on an emerging trend in the market. How did you zero in on the trend
and strategically cash in on the opportunity?
Business Innovation and Challenges
As a business professional, you have been asked to contribute an article for a
prominent industry publication. In your article, address the theme of business
innovation and the challenges that come with it. Incorporate the provided phrasal
verbs to articulate your insights effectively.
Writing Prompt
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
"Innovative Approaches in Sustainable Business"
In the dynamic landscape of contemporary business, the intersection of innovation and
sustainability has become a focal point for forward-thinking companies. One such company
leading the charge is EcoTech Solutions, helmed by CEO Samantha Hayes. Let's explore the
innovative approaches that have propelled EcoTech Solutions to the forefront of sustainable
business.
Samantha Hayes, a trailblazer in the field, has always believed in the importance of honing in on
cutting-edge technologies to create eco-friendly solutions. One of the challenges EcoTech faced
was the need to fend off skepticism about the viability of sustainable practices in a competitive
market. Undeterred, Hayes and her team meticulously phased out conventional methods and
zeroed in on renewable energy sources, thereby transforming their products and services.
Adaptability is a cornerstone of EcoTech's success. Samantha recounts a pivotal moment when
the company had to factor in unexpected regulatory changes. Instead of viewing it as a setback,
they embraced the challenge, adjusting their business model to comply with new environmental
standards. This adaptability not only ensured compliance but also strengthened their brand
image.
In the realm of sustainable business, technological advancements often run up against the
complexities of manufacturing processes. EcoTech Solutions faced this when introducing a
groundbreaking product. The team had to drill down into the technical intricacies, bearing out a
solution that not only met high-performance standards but also aligned with the company's
commitment to environmental stewardship.
Recognizing the growing demand for sustainable products, EcoTech Solutions cashed in on the
opportunity by continuously honing in on consumer preferences. They zeroed in on emerging
trends, expanding their product line to meet the evolving needs of environmentally conscious
consumers. Samantha Hayes believes that businesses can contribute significantly to a
sustainable future by staying ahead of the curve and constantly innovating.
Questions
What is the central focus of EcoTech Solutions, as mentioned in
the text?
1.
How did Samantha Hayes and her team address skepticism
about sustainable practices?
2.
How did EcoTech Solutions demonstrate adaptability in
response to unexpected regulatory changes?
3.
In what ways did this adaptability contribute to the company's
success?
4.
What challenge did EcoTech face when introducing a
groundbreaking product, and how did they address it?
5.
How does the company's commitment to environmental
stewardship play a role in their approach to technological
advancements?
6.
According to the text, how did EcoTech Solutions capitalize on
the growing demand for sustainable products?
7.
What does Samantha Hayes emphasize as the key to
contributing to a sustainable future for businesses?
8.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS19
CLASS 19
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES REVIEW
Definition: In an active voice sentence, the subject
performs the action expressed by the verb.
Example:
The chef prepared a delicious meal for the
guests.
Active Voice:
Definition: In a passive voice sentence, the subject
receives the action expressed by the verb. The
focus is on what or who is affected by the action.
Example:
A delicious meal was prepared for the guests by
the chef.
Passive Voice:
Active Voice:
She wrote a compelling novel that captivated readers worldwide.1.
The construction crew built the bridge in record time.2.
The students enthusiastically presented their research findings.3.
Passive Voice:
A compelling novel was written that captivated readers worldwide.1.
The bridge was built in record time by the construction crew.2.
The research findings were enthusiastically presented by the students.3.
Usage Examples:
Active Voice Writing:
Write a paragraph describing a memorable event from your life in the active
voice. Highlight the actions you and others took.
Passive Voice Writing:
Draft a passage discussing a significant achievement or project you were part of,
but this time, use the passive voice. Emphasize the outcome or result.
Writing Prompt
Let's Practice
Active Voice Speaking:
Share a personal experience with the class, using
the active voice to narrate the events and actions
involved.
Passive Voice Speaking:
Discuss a team project or group activity you were
part of, emphasizing the outcomes and results
using the passive voice.
Parte 19 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
"The Unveiling of the Monument"
Narrator: In the heart of the city, a grand monument was unveiled yesterday to commemorate the historical events that
shaped our nation. The architect, renowned for designing iconic structures, meticulously planned the unveiling ceremony.
Reporter (Active Voice): Thousands of citizens gathered at the site as the mayor unveiled the monument. The crowd
erupted in cheers as they witnessed the culmination of years of effort and dedication. The artist, who created the stunning
sculptures adorning the monument, expressed their joy at seeing their work appreciated by such a large audience.
Historian (Passive Voice): The monument, which symbolizes the resilience of the people, was crafted by skilled artisans
who were inspired by the nation's rich history. The event was attended by dignitaries, and speeches were delivered by the
mayor and the lead architect, highlighting the significance of the monument in the context of our shared heritage.
City Official (Active and Passive Voices): The unveiling ceremony was meticulously organized by the city officials, who
ensured that every detail was attended to. Guests were guided through the monument's history, and the story of its
creation was narrated by the architect. Questions from the audience were answered with enthusiasm, creating an
engaging atmosphere for all attendees.
Reflection (Passive Voice): The impact of the monument's unveiling will be felt for generations to come. The stories
depicted on the monument will be passed down, and the craftsmanship of the artists will be admired by those who visit.
The eventwas not just a ceremony; it was a celebration of the collective achievements that define our identity.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Who unveiled the monument, and what was the reaction of the
crowd?
How did the artist feel about their sculptures being
appreciated?
What does the monument symbolize, and who crafted it?
Who attended the event, and what was highlighted in the
speeches?
How was the unveiling ceremony organized, and who guided
the guests through the monument's history?
In what way will the impact of the monument's unveiling be felt
for generations to come?
In a bustling metropolis, a new skyscraper (1)
________ (construct) to redefine the city skyline.
The renowned architect, Laura Thompson, (2)
________ (commission) to design the structure
that (3) ________ (integrate) seamlessly into the
urban landscape. The groundbreaking ceremony (4)
________ (schedule) for next month, and
thousands of spectators eagerly await the moment
when the architect (5) ________ (reveal) her vision
to the world.
As the skyscraper (6) ________ (build), it attracts
attention from architecture enthusiasts worldwide.
The intricate details of the design (7) ________
(discuss) in various publications, and Thompson's
innovative approach (8) ________ (praise) by
critics. The construction team, led by a team of
skilled engineers, (9) ________ (work) tirelessly to
ensure that every aspect of the project (10)
________ (execute) flawlessly.
The completion date of the skyscraper (11)
________ (set) for next year, and it (12) ________
(anticipate) to become a symbol of modern
architecture. Once finished, the skyscraper (13)
________ (open) to the public, and guided tours
(14) ________ (conduct) regularly. The interior
design, which (15) ________ (oversee) by Laura
Thompson herself, (16) ________ (receive)
accolades for its elegance and functionality.
The impact of the skyscraper (17) ________ (feel)
not only in the city but also in the global architectural
community. Laura Thompson, who (18) ________
(invite) to speak at international conferences, (19)
________ (acknowledge) as a visionary in her field.
The success of the project (20) ________
(attribute) to the collaborative effort of the entire
team, whose dedication and expertise (21)
________ (recognize) on a global scale.
is being constructed b. was constructed c. constructs
was commissioned b. commissions c. has been commissioned
integrated b. is integrating c. was integrated
is scheduled b. has scheduled c. schedules
reveals b. is revealing c. revealed
was built b. is being built c. builds
are discussed b. were discussed c. have been discussed
was praised b. is being praised c. has been praised
works b. is working c. has been working
is executed b. executes c. has been executed
is set b. was set c. sets
is anticipated b. was anticipated c. anticipates
Options:
will be opened b. opens c. has opened
are conducted b. have been conducted c. will conduct
is overseen b. oversees c. has been overseen
received b. receives c. is receiving
is felt b. feels c. was felt
is invited b. was invited c. invites
is acknowledged b. acknowledges c. was acknowledged
is attributed b. attributes c. attributed
is recognized b. recognizes c. has been recognized
Options:
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS20
CLASS 20
PASSIVE FORMS
Passive forms in English are used to change the focus
of a sentence from the doer of the action (the subject)
to the receiver of the action. In a passive construction,
the subject undergoes the action rather than
performing it. Passive forms are created using the
auxiliary verb "to be" and the past participle of the main
verb.
Passive Forms:
Usage Examples:
When the doer of the action is
unknown or unimportant.
1.
Example: The cake was
eaten.
When the focus is on the action
rather than the doer.
2.
Example: A new law has been
passed.
In formal or scientific writing.3.
Example: The experiment was
conducted to test the
hypothesis.
Examples:
Present Simple Passive:
The report is written every month.
Past Simple Passive:
The movie was watched by
millions of people.
Present Continuous Passive:
A new bridge is being built
across the river.
Present Perfect Passive:
The book has been read by most
of the students.
Write a paragraph about a famous landmark or building in your
city or country, using passive voice to describe its history or
construction.
Writing Prompt
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
Parte 20 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
"The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Australia, is known for its stunning
coral formations and diverse marine life. Over the years, extensive research has
been conducted to understand the impact of climate change on this natural
wonder. Recently, a comprehensive study was undertaken, and the results were
released to the public. The findings indicate that the reef has been affected by
rising sea temperatures, leading to coral bleaching. Efforts are now being made
to raise awareness and implement measures to protect and preserve this
invaluable ecosystem."
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What is the topic of the passage?
Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?
What has been the impact of climate change on the reef?
How are efforts being made to address the issues
mentioned in the passage?
Discuss a recent
news event using
passive voice.
Focus on the
actions taken
and the impact
rather than the
individuals or
groups involved.
Let's Practice
"In 1928, the Eiffel Tower was
celebrated for its 40th anniversary. At
that time, extensive renovations were
undertaken to ensure the longevity of
this iconic structure. The iron lattice
tower, originally constructed for the
1889 Exposition Universelle, had
become a symbol of Paris and a
marvel of engineering. The
renovations, overseen by a team of
skilled architects, included the
replacement of worn-out components
and the application of a new
protective coating. Today, the Eiffel
Tower stands as a testament to both
its historical significance and the
ongoing efforts to preserve
architectural heritage."
Questions
When was the Eiffel Tower originally
constructed?
1.
Why were renovations undertaken in 1928?2.
What were some of the specific renovations
mentioned in the passage?
3.
What does the Eiffel Tower symbolize according
to the passage?
4.
Well, whenever we turn the TV on,
there’s something going on. And
since it’s inevitable escaping this
subject on a daily basis, we’d like
you to gather information on the
most interesting, curious, awful or
even supernatural you’ve last seen
on TV. Gather video links, News,
Posts and everything you can, so
we are able to discuss the case
freely and opinate about it.
Homework Time! 
Lesson 20
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH!
Vocabulary:
Psychological Conditions:
Depression
Anxiety
Bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Emotional States:
Euphoria
Apathy
Despair
Contentment
Resilience
Nervousness
Therapeutic Approaches:
Psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Medication management
Holistic approaches to mental health
Support Systems:
Support groups
Counseling
Peer support
Family therapy
Rehabilitation programs
Mental Health Professionals:
Psychiatrist
Psychologist
Counselor
Social worker
Therapist
Mood and Personality Traits:
Mood swings
Irritability
Introversion/extroversion
Perfectionism
Resilient personality
Impact on Daily Life:
Functionality
Daily functioning
Work-life balance
Self-care
Social relationships
Stress and Coping Mechanisms:
Coping strategies
Stress management techniques
Mindfulness
Relaxation techniques
Resilience-building
Positive Psychology:
Well-being
Flourishing
Self-compassion
Gratitude
Positive mindset
Prevention and Awareness:
Mental health awareness
Early intervention
Suicide prevention
Stigma reduction
Mental health education
Let’s Talk!
What are some commonsigns and symptoms of depression, and how might it impact an
individual's daily life?
Can you describe the differences between anxiety and stress? How do people typically cope
with these emotions?
In what ways can fostering resilience positively impact a person's emotional well-being?
How does a sense of euphoria differ from genuine happiness, and can it be sustainable in
the long term?
Discuss the role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating mental health disorders. How
might it help someone with anxiety or depression?
What are some potential benefits and drawbacks of medication management for mental
health conditions?
How important is having a support system in managing mental health challenges? Can
support groups play a significant role in recovery?
Share some effective stress management techniques that you
have personally found helpful. How do these strategies impact your
overall well-being?
Explore the concept of mindfulness and its potential benefits for
mental health. How can mindfulness be integrated into daily life?
How can individuals cultivate a positive mindset, especially in
challenging situations?
Discuss the importance of mental health awareness in your
community or culture. How can early intervention contribute to
better mental health outcomes?
How can individuals contribute to reducing the stigma associated
with mental health issues?
Explore the roles of different mental health professionals. When
might someone choose to see a psychiatrist, psychologist, or
counselor?
How do mood swings impact an individual's daily functioning, and
what coping strategies might be effective in managing them?
Talk about Mental Health and get your opinion on the
conversation you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS21
CLASS 21
4 AREAS
In this class we will focus on practicing all the
aspects of English. Let’s go!
Practice
Parte 21 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
 "The Art of Hobbies"
Narrator: Welcome to "The Art of Hobbies," a podcast that delves into the fascinating world of leisure pursuits. I'm your host, Emma Johnson.
In today's episode, we explore how hobbies go beyond mere pastimes, becoming outlets for creativity, self-discovery, and personal
expression.
Emma: Our first story takes us to the studio of renowned artist, Maria Rodriguez. Maria, known for her vibrant abstract paintings, shares how
her love for art became a therapeutic escape from the demands of daily life.
Maria: Painting allows me to convey emotions that words often fail to express. It's a form of meditation, a journey into the depths of my own
thoughts and feelings.
Emma: Next, we hear from Jack Thompson, an avid rock climber who finds solace in the mountains.
Jack: Climbing isn't just about reaching the summit; it's about conquering fears and pushing your limits. The sense of achievement is
unparalleled.
Emma: As we navigate through these diverse hobbies, it becomes evident that they serve as gateways to self-discovery and personal
growth. But can hobbies also bring people together?
Emma: Let's hear from Sarah and James, a couple who found love through a shared passion for vintage book collecting.
Sarah: We met at a book fair, and our shared enthusiasm for literature created an instant connection. Our home is now a sanctuary of rare
editions and literary treasures.
Emma: The stories shared today remind us that hobbies are not just activities; they are a reflection of who we are and what brings us joy. So,
whether you're wielding a paintbrush, scaling a cliff, or immersing yourself in the pages of a timeless novel, remember that your hobby is
your unique masterpiece.
Narrator: Thank you for joining us on this journey through "The Art of Hobbies." Until next time, embrace your passions, and let them paint the
canvas of your life.
Text
What is the theme of the podcast episode, "The Art of Hobbies"?
According to Jack Thompson, what is the significance of rock climbing
beyond reaching the summit?
How did Sarah and James meet, and what role did their hobby play in their
relationship?
Consider the different hobbies mentioned—painting, rock climbing, and
vintage book collecting. Which hobby resonates with you the most, and
why?
Can you relate to the idea that hobbies serve as gateways to self-
discovery? Share a personal experience, if applicable.
How do the stories shared in the podcast emphasize that hobbies are
more than just pastimes?
Identify specific vocabulary or phrases used in the podcast that contribute
to the overall tone and style. Discuss their impact on the listener.
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Let's Practice
Procedure:
Prepare a short presentation (3-5 minutes) about one
of their hobbies. This could be anything from painting
and photography to playing a musical instrument or
practicing a sport.
Include details about why you chose this particular
hobby, how long they have been pursuing it, and any
notable experiences or achievements related to it.
During the presentation, emphasize the use of
descriptive language, varied vocabulary, and
expressions appropriate for a C1 level. Articulate their
thoughts clearly.
The Significance of Hobbies in a Fast-Paced World
In the hustle and bustle of modern life, hobbies play a crucial role in providing individuals
with a sense of balance and fulfillment. Write a well-structured essay discussing the
significance of hobbies in today's fast-paced world. Consider the impact of hobbies on
personal well-being, skill development, and the ability to find joy in leisure.
Writing Prompt
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
"The Pursuit of Passion: Navigating Free Time in the Modern World"
In today's fast-paced society, where time is a precious commodity, the choices we make
during our leisure hours play a significant role in shaping our well-being and personal
fulfillment. Hobbies, once considered mere pastimes, have evolved into essential elements of a
balanced and meaningful life.
The concept of free time has transformed with the emergence of diverse hobbies and
recreational activities. In a world brimming with options, individuals are presented with the
opportunity to explore and cultivate passions that extend beyond the conventional.
Engaging in a hobby is more than a routine; it is a conscious decision to invest time and
energy in something that brings joy and purpose. The range of hobbies has expanded
dramatically, from traditional pursuits like reading and gardening to contemporary interests
such as virtual gaming, podcast creation, and urban exploration.
One key aspect of the modern pursuit of hobbies is the acknowledgment of their therapeutic
benefits. Studies have shown that engaging in activities one is passionate about can alleviate
stress, boost creativity, and contribute to overall mental well-being. In essence, hobbies have
become a form of self-care in the tapestry of our hectic lives.
However, the abundance of choices in the digital age can be overwhelming. The allure of social
media, streaming platforms, and instant communication competes for our attention, sometimes
overshadowing the potential for deep engagement with our chosen hobbies. Striking a balance
between screen time and hands-on activities has become a contemporary challenge.
As we navigate the landscape of free time activities, it is essential to consider the quality of our
engagement. Are our hobbies chosen mindfully, fostering personal growth and genuine
enjoyment? Or are they mere distractions in a world filled with constant stimuli?
In conclusion, the pursuit of hobbies and free time activities has evolved into a nuanced and
personal journey. Beyond being a source of entertainment, hobbies serve as a gateway to self-
discovery, a means of expression, and a vital component in achieving a well-rounded and fulfilling
life.
Questions
What is the central theme of the reading text?1.
According to the text, how has the conceptof free time
evolved in the modern world?
2.
Provide examples of both traditional and contemporary
hobbies mentioned in the text.
3.
How does the text highlight the therapeutic benefits of
engaging in hobbies?
4.
Why is finding this balance considered a contemporary
challenge?
5.
According to the text, what is the significance of
engaging in hobbies beyond mere entertainment?
6.
Reflect on your own hobbies. Do they serve as a form of
self-care, and if so, how?
7.
In your opinion, how can individuals ensure the quality of
engagement with their chosen hobbies in a world filled
with distractions?
8.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS22
CLASS 22
IDIOMS 2
Idioms are expressions that convey a figurative
meaning different from the literal interpretation of
the words used. These phrases often have cultural
or contextual significance, and they may not make
sense if taken literally. Idioms are a common
feature in language and are used to add color,
emphasis, or depth to communication. 
Idioms
Bite the bullet
Meaning: To endure a painful or difficult situation with courage.
Break the ice
Meaning: To initiate conversation in a social setting; to overcome initial tension.
Burn the midnight oil
Meaning: To work late into the night; to put in extra effort and time.
Climb the corporate ladder
Meaning: To advance in one's career or move up in a hierarchical structure.
Grind to a halt
Meaning: To slowly stop or come to a standstill; to cease functioning gradually.
Perseverance and Determination
Jump on the bandwagon
Meaning: To adopt a popular trend or activity; to join others in doing something.
Roll with the punches
Meaning: To adapt to difficult situations; to go with the flow despite challenges.
Steer clear of
Meaning: To avoid; to keep away from something or someone.
Take the bull by the horns
Meaning: To confront a difficult situation directly; to face challenges boldly.
Weather the storm
Meaning: To endure and survive a difficult or turbulent period.
A Climb to Success
Sarah had always dreamed of climbing the corporate ladder and reaching the top of her profession. However,
her journey wasn't easy. She had to burn the midnight oil, working late into the night to meet deadlines and
impress her superiors.
In the beginning, Sarah found it challenging to break the ice at networking events. She knew that to advance in
her career, she needed to initiate conversations and make valuable connections. With determination, she
decided to jump on the bandwagon and struck up conversations with key figures in her industry.
As she advanced in her career, Sarah faced numerous challenges. Projects would often grind to a halt,
requiring her to adapt quickly and find innovative solutions. Despite the difficulties, she chose to roll with the
punches, maintaining a positive attitude and learning from each setback.
Sarah's colleagues often admired her ability to take the bull by the horns. Instead of avoiding difficult situations,
she confronted them head-on and found ways to overcome obstacles. This quality not only helped her
professionally but also earned her the respect of her peers.
In the competitive corporate world, it's crucial to steer clear of and take advantage of opportunities. Sarah
understood this principle well, and her journey to success became an inspiration for others in the company.
Questions
What was Sarah's ultimate career goal?1.
How did Sarah demonstrate her commitment to her
career?
2.
Why did Sarah find it challenging in the beginning, and
what steps did she take to overcome this challenge?
3.
Describe a specific challenge that Sarah faced in her
career. How did she handle it?
4.
What quality of Sarah's did her colleagues admire, and
how did it contribute to her success?
5.
In what way did Sarah's approach to challenges differ
from avoiding them?
6.
Explain the significance of the phrase "burn the midnight
oil" in the context of Sarah's journey.
7.
How did Sarah's positive attitude impact her ability to
overcome setbacks?
8.
"Triumph Over Adversity"
Write a short story or essay about a character who is determined to climb the corporate ladder
and achieve success in their chosen field. Explore the challenges they face, both professionally
and personally, and how they overcome setbacks with perseverance and determination.
Incorporate at least five of the following idioms into your writing:
Climb the corporate ladder1.
Burn the midnight oil2.
Break the ice3.
Grind to a halt4.
Jump on the bandwagon5.
Roll with the punches6.
Steer clear of7.
Take the bull by the horns8.
Weather the storm9.
Bite the bullet10.
Writing Prompt
Parte 22 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
"Rising to the Challenge"
Narrator: In the competitive world of finance, where individuals aspire to climb the corporate ladder, success often requires more than
just financial acumen. Let's delve into the story of Alex Turner, a determined professional who decided to bite the bullet and pursue a
challenging career path.
Alex: Hi, I'm Alex Turner. I've always had this burning desire to climb the corporate ladder, and it led me to work late nights, burning the
midnight oil to meet tight deadlines. But success doesn't just come to those who wait; you have to jump on the bandwagon of
opportunities.
Alex: Breaking the ice at networking events was initially a challenge. I realized that to steer clear of stagnation, I needed to connect with
influential figures in my industry. So, I decided to take the bull by the horns, initiating conversations that opened doors I never imagined.
Narrator: However, as with any journey, there were times when projects would grind to a halt, and challenges seemed insurmountable.
But, as Alex puts it, you need to roll with the punches. Alex weathered the storm, maintaining a positive attitude and learning valuable
lessons from setbacks.
Colleague 1: Have you seen how Alex handles difficult situations? It's impressive!
Colleague 2: Yeah, Alex doesn't shy away from challenges. It's like biting the bullet and finding solutions head-on.
Narrator: Alex's ability to bite the bullet and roll with the punches not only impressed colleagues but also earned respect throughout the
office. This determination to take the bull by the horns became a source of inspiration for others facing similar challenges.
Alex: You see, success is not just about climbing the corporate ladder; it's about facing adversity, weathering the storm, and emerging
stronger. It's about breaking the ice, seizing opportunities, and, above all, steering clear of complacency.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What is the profession of the main character, Alex Turner?
Why did Alex have to burn the midnight oil in his career?
How did Alex overcome the initial challenge of breaking the ice at
networking events?
What does the expression "take the bull by the horns" mean, and
how did Alex apply it in his career?
Describe a specific challenge that Alex faced in his professional
journey. How did he handle it, and what did he learn from it?
How did Alex's positive attitude and ability to roll with the
punches contribute to his success?
Let's Practice
"Navigating the Corporate Landscape"
Imagine you are a career coach hosting a seminar on
professional success. During the seminar, you want participants
to share their experiences and insights about climbing the
corporate ladder.
Incorporate at least five of the following idioms into your
discussion:
Climb the corporate ladder
Burn the midnight oil
Break the ice
Grind to a halt
Jump on the bandwagon
Roll with the punches
Steer clear of
Take the bull by the horns
Weather the storm
Bite the bullet
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS23
CLASS 23
REPORTED SPEECH IN DISGUISE
It refers to a situation where a speaker presents indirect or
reported speech without explicitly using common reporting
verbs such as "said," "told," or "asked." Instead, the speaker
may choose to convey the reported information in a more
subtle or indirectand lexicon.
Concurrently, she will avail herself of esoteric online courses, honing her linguistic
acumen with the precision of a philologist. The amalgamation of literary immersion
and didactic scholarship will culminate in her future linguistic prowess, elucidated
by her facile articulation and perspicacious grasp of idiomatic expressions.
Eloise's Future Linguistic Odyssey: A
Multifarious Approach to English Mastery
Ignatius, an indefatigable autodidact, will embark on a future quixotic quest to
master English by immersing himself in its auditory symphony. He will assiduously
devour a plethora of podcasts, serenading his ears with diverse accents and
intonations. His future pursuit will extend to linguistic parley in virtual forums, where
he will engage in colloquy with interlocutors across the anglophone diaspora.
Ignatius's linguistic odyssey, marked by a polyphony of auditory stimuli and virtual
dialogues, will burgeon into an eloquent fluency that reflects his indomitable
resolve.
Ignatius' Future Quixotic Quest: The
Pinnacle of English Fluency
Xiomara, a diligent academician, will embark on a future pedagogical pilgrimage
to ascend the echelons of English proficiency. Enrolling in rigorous future courses
and seminars, she will delve into the abstruse depths of grammar, syntax, and
rhetoric. Xiomara's future linguistic pilgrimage will include prodigious readings from
linguistic treatises and engaging in dialectical exegesis with erudite mentors. Her
future journey through the hallowed halls of academia will culminate in linguistic
virtuosity, evidenced by her articulate discourse and scholarly expositions.
Xiomara's Future Pedagogical Pilgrimage:
Academia as the Crucible of Proficiency
4
TELL ME ABOUT THE THINGS
YOU USED TO DO...
1 2 3
ELOISE IGNATIUS XIOMARA
You're getting closer and closer to fluency!
Below, we'll provide some tips on how to
boost your progress even further. Take a look
at them and discuss with your teacher which
ones you're already doing (or have done)
and which ones you think would be
interesting to start implementing:
Helpful Tips
Helpful Tips
Set Clear Goals: Define what you want to
achieve with English learning
Make Regular Commitments: Schedule
consistent study sessions for practice.
Immerse Yourself: Surround yourself with
English media to improve skills.
Practice Continuously: Engage in daily
conversations to enhance fluency.
Use Online Resources: Take advantage of
language apps and courses for learning
support.
helpful tips:
Go back to the previous slides and talk with your teacher about whether you
think each topic is helpful or not, and explain why. Discuss why each topic is
important and how it can help you learn English.
With all these tips in mind, it's now your
turn to share what plans you have to
boost your English starting TODAY!
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS3
CLASS 3
PRACTICE
Let’s Practice the Future
Simple and Continuous!
IN ORDER TO DO SO...
Get a good look at the
vocabulary given.
Do the exercises with the
help of your teacher.
Talk about the future of
certain aspects of our
society.
Discuss the following image with a partner. Use future simple and future continuous
tenses to express your thoughts on how travel might change in the future.
Let's Practice
Discussion Points:
How do you think transportation will evolve in
the future?
In what ways might technology enhance the
travel experience?
Share your predictions about popular travel
destinations in the next decade.
Writing Exercise: 
Your Future Career
Write an essay (10 lines) discussing your future career aspirations. Include how you
envision technology playing a role in your chosen field. Use future simple and future
continuous tenses to express your ideas.
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
In the next decade, technology is expected to advance at an unprecedented rate.
Innovations in artificial intelligence, robotics, and biotechnology will shape our future.
By 2030, we might witness the integration of AI into everyday life, making tasks more
efficient. Additionally, advancements in medical technology could lead to
breakthroughs in treating previously incurable diseases.
1.
2.
3.
Questions
Parte 3 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
The Future of Work
As we stand on the brink of the third decade of the 21st century, the landscape of work is undergoing a profound transformation. The
integration of cutting-edge technologies is reshaping traditional job structures and redefining the very nature of work.
Automation and Job Evolution: One of the most significant shifts is the rise of automation. Routine tasks that once defined certain
jobs are now being automated, freeing up human workers to focus on tasks that require creativity, critical thinking, and emotional
intelligence. Jobs that involve repetitive activities are gradually being handed over to machines, paving the way for a workforce
that thrives on innovation.
Remote Work and Virtual Collaboration: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote work, and its impact is
likely to persist in the future. The traditional office setup is giving way to a more flexible approach, with employees working from
diverse locations. Virtual collaboration tools are becoming indispensable, enabling teams to work seamlessly across
geographical boundaries. The future workplace might be less about physical presence and more about effective digital
connectivity.
 The Gig Economy and Freelancing: The gig economy is on the rise, with an increasing number of professionals opting for
freelancing and short-term contracts. This shift challenges the conventional notion of a stable, long-term job. Freelancers enjoy
flexibility and diverse work experiences, but this trend also raises questions about job security and benefits.
Upskilling and Continuous Learning: As technology evolves, so do the skills required in the workforce. Continuous learning and
upskilling will be crucial for employees to stay relevant. The future belongs to those who can adapt to new technologies, acquire
new skills, and embrace a mindset of lifelong learning. Employers and educational institutions will play a pivotal role in facilitating
this ongoing process of skill development.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to play a central role in the future of work. While it may
replace certain tasks, it also has the potential to augment human capabilities. Jobs centered around designing, implementing,
and maintaining AI systems are likely to emerge, creating a demand for a workforce with expertise in this field.
In conclusion, the future of work is dynamic and multifaceted, shaped by technological advancements, changing work structures,
and the evolving needs of a globalized society. Embracing innovation, adaptability, and a commitment to lifelong learning will be
essential for individuals and organizations navigating this transformative journey.
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What impact is automation having on traditional job structures,
according to the text?
How does the rise of automation influence the tasks that human
workers focus on?
How has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the way people
work, especially in terms of location?
In what ways are virtual collaboration tools changing the nature
of work and team dynamics?
What is the gig economy, and how is it changing the traditional
concept of a stable job?
What are some advantages and challenges associated with
freelancing, as mentioned in the text?
Why does the text emphasize the importance of continuous
learning and upskilling in the future workforce?
WAR FAMINE Wealth
Distribution
EQUALITY POLITICAL
ISSUES
Describe how the future scenarios for each aspect of
civilisation will be ten years from now:
Create a Story that happens
in the future with the following
characters: Joanne and Mike.
That may be a comedy, a
drama, or any other type of
text on just a bitmanner, often using various structures or
expressions. This technique is commonly employed to
enhance style, add nuance, or fit the context of the
conversation or narrative.
Reported speech in
disguise
Using Questions:
Direct: "Did she say she was coming?"
Disguised: "I wondered if she planned
to come."
Using Statements:
Direct: "He said he would be here by
noon."
Disguised: "By noon, he assured us
he'd arrive."
Using Imperatives:
Direct: "She told me, 'Leave me
alone.'"
Disguised: "She insisted that I give
her some space."
EXAMPLES
Using Modals:
Direct: "He said, 'I can do it.'"
Disguised: "He claimed he could handle
it."
Using Adverbs of Manner:
Direct: "She said, 'I'll do it.'"
Disguised: "She promised to do it
willingly."
Using Expressions of Probability:
Direct: "They said, 'We will probably be
late.'"
Disguised: "They suggested they might
be running behind."
"The Mysterious Manuscript"
Once upon a time in the quiet town of Eldoria, a renowned author, Ms. Evelyn Harper, mysteriously
disappeared. Rumors circulated that she had been working on a groundbreaking manuscript that
held the key to a hidden treasure.
People claimed they saw her leaving her house late at night, muttering something about the lost
artifact. The town was buzzing with curiosity, but no one knew for sure where she had gone.
Detective Marcus Anderson, a close friend of Ms. Harper, shared 
his thoughts with the local newspaper. "I cannot confirm her 
location, but she hinted that she might have discovered an ancient 
map," he hinted during a press conference.
The townsfolk wondered whether the manuscript contained clues to 
unlock the mystery of Eldoria's forgotten past. Some speculated that 
Ms. Harper had intentionally concealed the information to protect the 
treasure from falling into the wrong hands.
A librarian, Mrs. Beatrice Turner, revealed that Ms. Harper had visited the library several 
times in the weeks leading up to her disappearance. "She inquired about historical records and old
maps," Mrs. Turner explained, dropping subtle hints about Ms. Harper's quest for knowledge.
As days passed without any sign of Ms. Harper, the town organized search parties, hoping to find both
the author and the elusive manuscript. Residents spoke of their determination to uncover the truth,
expressing their belief that the answers lay within the pages of the enigmatic document.
Meanwhile, Mr. James Thornton, a close neighbor, disclosed that Ms. Harper had confided in him about
a potential breakthrough. "She mentioned a cryptic inscription on an ancient artifact," Mr. Thornton
shared cautiously, emphasizing the importance of secrecy.
As the investigation unfolded, the once-sleepy town found itself at the center of a gripping mystery,
with the whereabouts of Ms. Harper and the contents of her manuscript shrouded in uncertainty. The
residents, now united by a common quest for knowledge and adventure, eagerly awaited the day
when the secrets hidden in reported speech in disguise would be revealed.
Questions
What is the central mystery in the town of Eldoria?1.
Who is Detective Marcus Anderson, and what does he
reveal during the press conference?
2.
How do the townsfolk react to the mysterious events, and
why are they determined to uncover the truth?
3.
Identify at least two instances where reported speech in
disguise is used in the text.
4.
Point out specific words or phrases that contribute to the
tone of secrecy and intrigue.
5.
What might be the significance of the ancient map and
cryptic inscription mentioned in the text?
6.
If you were a resident of Eldoria, what actions would you
take to help solve the mystery?
7.
How does the use of reported speech in disguise
enhance the storytelling in this text?
8.
"The Unspoken Agreement"
In a small, close-knit community, a group of friends discovers a mysterious old book in the
attic of an abandoned house. The book is said to hold secrets about the town's forgotten
history and a pact made by its founders. Each friend learns something intriguing from the
book but decides to keep their findings a secret for various reasons.
Write a short story or narrative essay in which the friends navigate the delicate balance
between curiosity, friendship, and the unspoken agreement to keep the discovered secrets
hidden. Use reported speech in disguise to convey the information each friend learns
without explicitly stating it. Explore the tension that arises as they grapple with the decision
to share or safeguard the newfound knowledge.
Writing Prompt
Parte 23 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
The Art Heist"
Narrator: Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Tonight, we have a captivating story about a daring art heist that took place
at the Eldoria Museum of Fine Arts.
Scene 1 - Detective Reynolds briefing the press: Detective Reynolds, while addressing the press, mentioned, "We believe
the thieves entered the museum through a ventilation duct." He hinted that the culprits might have meticulously planned
the entire operation.
Scene 2 - Museum Curator talking to the insurance agent: The museum curator, in a conversation with the insurance
agent, subtly mentioned, "I was informed by an anonymous source that the stolen painting might end up on the black
market." This piece of information suggested a possible motive behind the theft.
Scene 3 - Security Guard discussing the night of the heist: During an interview, the security guard mentioned, "I overheard
one of them say, 'The less noise we make, the better.' It seemed like they were aware of the security measures in place."
Scene 4 - Undercover Agent reporting to headquarters: An undercover agent, in a confidential report to headquarters,
stated, "The suspects hinted at having an inside source. They seemed to know the museum's layout and security
vulnerabilities."
Narrator: As the investigation unfolds, the authorities are working tirelessly to recover the stolen artwork. Keep your ears
open for any whispers that might lead to the apprehension of the cunning thieves.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What is the central theme of the listening text?
According to Detective Reynolds, how did the thieves enter the
museum?
What information did the museum curator share with the
insurance agent?
Identify one instance in the text where reported speech in
disguise is used.
In Scene 3, what did the security guard overhear the thieves
saying, and how does it provide insight into their plan?
Why might the thieves have an inside source, according to the
undercover agent's report?
How does the use of reported speech in disguise contribute to the intrigue and 
suspense in the story?
If you were a detective working on this case, what additional questions would you ask the characters
in the listening text?
How does the reported speech in disguise add complexity to the narrative compared to
straightforward statements?
Let's Practice
"The Surprise Celebration"
Imagine you're organizing a surprise celebration for your friend's birthday.
Each participant in the planning committee has a unique responsibility, and
everyone has uncovered interesting details that will make the celebration
unforgettable. However, instead of directly stating the details, they choose to
use reported speech in disguise to convey the information.
Your task is to role-play a conversation among the planning committee
members. Each participant should subtly reveal their contribution to the
surprise using reported speech in disguise. You can include elements of
excitement, secrecy, and anticipation in your conversation.Consider the following roles for the participants:
The friend who is in charge of decorations.
The friend responsible for organizing entertainment.
The friend handling the catering and food arrangements.
The friend overseeing invitations and guest coordination.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS24
STUDENT'S EVALUATION 
Evaluation Time!
By clicking the link, you will be directed to take a short test
where you'll put into practice what you've learned in the last 11
classes. This test is designed for you to self-assess and see
how much you've been able to grasp from the lessons.
The score provided is solely for self-evaluation purposes. While
you take this mini test, your teacher will be conducting another
assessment of your progress.
CLICK HERE TO BEGIN YOUR EVALUATION.
The next sessions will continue with regular classes.
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT POLEMIC PEOPLE!
Vocabulary:
Contentious: Given to arguing or provoking argument.
Contrarian: A person who takes an opposing view, especially one who rejects the
majority opinion.
Provocative: Tending to provoke a strong reaction, especially deliberately.
Pugnacious: Eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight.
Belligerent: Hostile, aggressive, or inclined to fight.
Contentious: Likely to cause disagreement or argument.
Disputatious: Inclined to argue or engage in disputes.
Quarrelsome: Prone to quarreling or causing discord.
Combatative: Ready or eager to fight or argue.
Obstreperous: Noisy and difficult to control, often in a defiant or unruly way.
Cantankerous: Bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.
Acrimonious: (Of speech or a debate) Angry and bitter.
Vitriolic: Filled with bitter criticism or malice.
Caustic: Sarcastic in a scathing and bitter way.
Sardonic: Grimly mocking or cynical.
Spiteful: Showing or caused by malice; malicious.
Antagonistic: Showing opposition or hostility.
Militant: Combative and confrontational, especially in support of a political or social
cause.
Strident: Loud, harsh, and grating; presenting a point of view in an excessively forceful
way.
Cynical: Distrustful of human sincerity or integrity, often expressing this through
sarcasm.
Let’s Talk!
What are your thoughts on people who always seem to enjoy arguing or being
confrontational in discussions?
Do you think there's a difference between someone who is genuinely passionate about
their beliefs and a person who is just argumentative for the sake of it?
How do you handle conversations with individuals who tend to be contentious or
provocative?
Can you recall a situation where you found yourself in a polemic discussion? How did
you handle it, and what did you learn from the experience?
In your opinion, is it possible to have a productive conversation with someone who is
consistently pugnacious or quarrelsome? Why or why not?
Do you think social media has contributed to the rise of polemic behavior? How does
online communication impact the way people express their opinions?
Are there certain topics or issues that you believe should be
approached with caution to avoid polemic discussions? Why?
Can polemic individuals contribute positively to a
conversation, or do you think their approach tends to hinder
productive dialogue?
How do you distinguish between healthy debate and a
conversation that has become overly polemic or combative?
Have you ever changed your opinion or perspective as a
result of a polemic discussion? What factors influenced that
change?
Do you think there are cultural or societal factors that
contribute to the prevalence of polemic behavior in certain
groups or communities?
Do you believe that being polemic is sometimes necessary to
bring attention to important issues, or do you think there are
more effective ways to advocate for change?
Talk about Polemic People and get your opinion on the
conversation you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS25
CLASS 25
MODAL VERBS REVIEW
Modal verbs play a crucial role in expressing
shades of meaning and indicating the speaker's
attitude. Here are some modal verbs that C1
students should be familiar with, along with their
common uses:
Modal verbs:
EXAMPLES
1. Must:
Obligation: You must finish your
homework before going out.
Deduction: He must be at home
because his car is in the driveway.
2. Have to:
Obligation: I have to submit the
report by Friday.
Necessity: You have to study if you
want to pass the exam.
3. Should:
Advice: You should exercise regularly
for good health.
Probability: It's cloudy, so it should
rain later.
4. Ought to:
Similar to "should": You ought to apologize
for your behavior.
5. Need to:
Necessity: I need to buy some groceries
after work.
6. Might:
Possibility: It might rain this evening.
Suggestion: You might want to consider
other options.
7. May:
Permission: May I use your phone?
Possibility: It may take a while to complete
the task.
EXAMPLES
8. Could:
Possibility: I could help you with your
project.
Polite request: Could you please pass
me the salt?
9. Shall:
Formal offer or suggestion: Shall we
meet at 3 pm?
Determination: I shall overcome this
challenge.
10. Will:
Future certainty: I will be there at 8
o'clock.
Instant decisions: That sounds like a
good idea; I will join you.
11. Would:
Polite requests: Would you mind closing
the door?
Hypothetical situations: If I had more time,
I would travel more.
12. Can:
Ability: I can speak three languages.
Possibility: Can you come to the meeting
tomorrow?
The Adventure of a Lifetime
Last summer, my friends and I (1) ________ an adventurous trip to
the Amazon rainforest. We knew it (2) ________ be a challenging
journey, but the thrill of exploring one of the most diverse ecosystems
on Earth excited us.
Our journey began in a small village where we (3) ________ hire a
local guide, who (4) ________ show us the way through the dense
jungle. Before setting off, the guide warned us that we (5) ________
be well-prepared for the unpredictable weather and the variety of
wildlife we (6) ________ encounter.
As we ventured deeper into the rainforest, the scenery (7)
________ breathtaking. Tall trees, colorful birds, and unique plant
species surrounded us. Suddenly, we (8) ________ hear an unusual
sound. The guide informed us that it (9) ________ be a jaguar
nearby. We (10) ________ stay calm and avoid making sudden
movements.
During the night, our campsite (11) ________ be visited by curious
monkeys. It was amusing to watch them, but we (12) ________
secure our food supplies to prevent any unwanted surprises.
Despite facing numerous challenges, our Amazon adventure was
unforgettable. We (13) ________ learn to appreciate the delicate
balance of nature and the importance of conservation efforts.
a) will plan b) had planned c)
were planning
1.
a) will b) might c) can2.
a) must b) had to c) should3.
a) will b) would c) can4.
a) must b) need to c) might5.
a) could b) will c) would6.
a) is b) was c) has been7.
a) could b) would c) might8.
a) could b) must c) may9.
a) should b) need to c) must10.
a) can b) will c) might11.
a) had to b) must c) should12.
a) have b) will c) could13.
Questions
Imagine you are an astronaut who has just discovered a new planet in a distant galaxy.
Write a report to your space agency describing the planet's characteristics and the
challenges you might face if you decide to establish a human settlement there. Use a variety
of modal verbs to convey possibilities, necessities, and recommendations. Consider the
environmental conditions, potential risks, and the preparations that must be made for such a
groundbreaking mission.
Writing Prompt
"Future of Transportation"
You and your classmates are participants in a panel discussion on the future of
transportation. Each of you represents a different stakeholder, such as a
government official, an environmentalist, a technology expert, and a public
transport advocate.
Discuss the future of transportation, considering various modal verbs to expresspossibilities, suggestions, and obligations. Address questions such as:
What measures should governments take to promote sustainable
transportation?
How might advancements in technology impact the way we travel in the future?
In what ways can individuals contribute to reducing the environmental impact of
transportation?
What must be done to address the challenges of urban congestion and traffic?
How could public transportation systems be improved to encourage more
people to use them?
Considering future developments, what changes may occur in the way people
commute to work or travel for leisure?
Let's Practice
Parte 25 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"The Renewable Revolution"
Narrator: Welcome to "EcoTalk," where we explore groundbreaking initiatives in environmental sustainability.
Today, we delve into the world of renewable energy and the possibilities it may unlock for a greener future.
Expert Interviewee: The shift towards renewable energy can no longer be ignored. Countries around the globe
must acknowledge that our reliance on fossil fuels needs to change if we're to combat climate change
effectively.
Narrator: Indeed, the urgency of this matter cannot be overstated. As nations grapple with the challenges posed
by climate change, they should invest heavily in renewable technologies.
Expert Interviewee: Absolutely. The benefits are clear. Solar and wind power can provide clean energy, reducing
our carbon footprint. However, we must also address the intermittency issues associated with these sources.
Narrator: True. The unpredictability of weather conditions may impact energy production. Therefore,
advancements in energy storage are essential. Governments and private enterprises could collaborate to
accelerate research in this field.
Expert Interviewee: Precisely. Additionally, communities can play a vital role. They should embrace sustainable
practices and lobby for supportive policies. The transition to renewable energy will require a collective effort.
Narrator: Absolutely. Considering the potential benefits, it's evident that nations should not only consider but
actively pursue a transition to a more sustainable and renewable energy future.
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
According to the expert, what must countries do regarding their
reliance on fossil fuels?
Why does the narrator emphasize the urgency of the matter?
What can solar and wind power provide, according to the expert?
What is mentioned as a potential issue with solar and wind power?
What could governments and private enterprises do to address
the intermittency issues?
According to the expert, what role can communities play in the
transition to renewable energy?
What is the narrator's stance on the transition to renewable
energy?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS26
CLASS 26
MODALS IN THE PAST REVIEW
Modal verbs play a crucial role in expressing
shades of meaning and indicating the speaker's
attitude. Here are some modal verbs that C1
students should be familiar with, along with their
common uses:
Modal verbs:
EXAMPLES
1. Could have:
I could have finished the project
earlier if I had started sooner.
She could have passed the exam if
she had studied more.
2. Should have:
You should have called me before
coming over.
They should have taken the train; it
would have been faster.
3. Would have:
I would have joined you for dinner, but
I had a prior engagement.
If it had been sunny, we would have
gone for a hike.
4. Might have:
She might have forgotten about the meeting;
that's why she didn't show up.
We might have missed the last bus; luckily, we
found a taxi.
5. Must have:
He must have misunderstood my instructions;
that's why the report is incorrect.
She must have left early because her car is not
in the parking lot.
6. Can't have:
They can't have gone too far; let's check the
nearby places.
It can't have been easy for him to make that
decision.
Parte 26 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
"The Enchanted Museum"
Narrator: Last weekend, I (1) had to visit the enchanted museum in town. The curator claimed that
every artifact on display (2) must have possessed magical properties at some point in history.
As I strolled through the halls, I (3) could see ancient spellbooks that (4) would have belonged to
powerful sorcerers. One particular book, as the legend goes, (5) could transport its reader to any
place they desired.
In another section, there were mystical crystals that (6) must have held the power to heal. The
information plaques (7) should have provided more details, but they were mysteriously blank.
One exhibit featured a mirror that (8) might have shown glimpses of the future. Visitors (9) could
stand before it and, for a brief moment, witness events yet to unfold.
The most intriguing artifact, however, was a mysterious potion bottle. According to the curator, the
potion inside (10) would grant the drinker the ability to speak with animals. It (11) must have been a
cherished possession for those seeking harmony with nature.
Reflecting on the experience, I (12) could not help but wonder about the countless untold stories
behind these magical relics.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Why did the narrator have to visit the enchanted museum?
What legend is associated with a particular spellbook?
What information should the plaques have provided?
What might the mirror have shown to visitors?
According to the curator, what ability would the mysterious
potion bottle grant to the drinker?
How does the narrator feel about the experience at the
enchanted museum?
Let's Practice
"Unexpected Adventures"
Imagine you had the chance to go on an unexpected adventure last year. Share
your experience with your conversation partner, using past modals to convey
possibilities, regrets, and reflections.
Begin by explaining the circumstances that led to the adventure. For example,
you might have stumbled upon an intriguing invitation, or a friend could have
convinced you to join a spontaneous trip.
Discuss the challenges and uncertainties you and your companions must
have faced during the adventure. Talk about how proper planning and
preparation could have made a difference.
Share any unexpected discoveries or encounters that occurred. These might
have included unique landscapes, interesting people, or surprising events.
Express any regrets or things you feel you should have done differently during
the adventure. Reflect on how certain decisions might have influenced the
overall experience.
Conclude by discussing the impact the adventure has had on you. Consider
how the memories and lessons learned could have shaped your perspectives
or influenced your future choices.
"The Lost Expedition"
Last summer, a group of explorers embarked on a daring journey to uncover the mysteries of a long-
lost civilization deep within the Amazon rainforest. The expedition leader, Professor Harris, believed that
they (1) must have stumbled upon the ruins of an ancient city that (2) could rewrite history.
As the team ventured into the heart of the jungle, they (3) had to face numerous challenges. Dense
vegetation, unpredictable weather, and treacherous terrain (4) must have tested their resilience. The
local guide, who (5) could speak the indigenous language, played a crucial role in navigating through
the labyrinth of the rainforest.
One day, the explorers (6) might have encountered a tribe that (7) should have remained
undiscovered for centuries. The tribespeople, clad in vibrant garments, (8) must have observed the
strangers with a mix of curiosity and caution.
As they delved deeper into the ruins, the team discovered artifacts that (9) would have provided
insights into the daily lives of the ancient civilization. Pottery, tools, and intricate carvings (10) must
have hinted at a sophisticated society that (11) might have flourished in harmony with nature.
Reflecting on their findings, Professor Harris concluded that the lost civilization (12) couldhave
significantly influenced the course of history had it not been concealed by the dense Amazonian
foliage.
Questions
Why did Professor Harris believe the expedition (1)
must have discovered something significant?
1.
What role did the local guide play in the expedition?2.
What (7) should the tribe have remained according
to conventional knowledge?
3.
What kinds of artifacts did the team discover in the
ruins?
4.
How did Professor Harris describe the ancient
civilization in terms of its influence on history?
5.
"The Time Capsule Adventure"
Imagine discovering a time capsule buried in your neighborhood. Write a narrative describing the
items inside and speculate on the significance they (1) might have held for the people who buried
them.
Consider using a variety of past modals to convey your thoughts on the possible intentions,
emotions, and experiences of the individuals who created the time capsule. Discuss how the items
(2) could provide insights into the culture, technology, and lifestyle of the past.
Additionally, explore the impact that uncovering this time capsule (3) might have on your
understanding of history and your community. Reflect on the sense of connection with the past
and the responsibility of preserving such artifacts.
Be creative and use modals like "must have," "could have," "might have," and others to weave a
compelling narrative that captures the intrigue and significance of this unexpected discovery.
Writing Prompt
Homework Time! 
Lesson 26
Here we are, this time for some
dialogue creation:
Craft a dialogue between the characters
in each scenario (you can make doodles, if
you want). The dialogue should reflect the
dilemmas faced by the characters and the
use of modals in their communication. You
decide also, which dilemma will they be
facing, and their names.
Ensure that the modals are correctly
integrated into the dialogue for natural
and effective communication.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS27
CLASS 27
MODALS IN THE PAST REVIEW
Modal verbs play a crucial role in expressing
shades of meaning and indicating the speaker's
attitude. Here are some modal verbs that C1
students should be familiar with, along with their
common uses:
Modal verbs:
EXAMPLES
1. Should have:
She should have attended the conference; the discussions were insightful.
We should have double-checked the directions; now we're lost.
2. Might have:
He might have forgotten about the meeting; that's why he didn't show up.
They might have finished the project if they had worked together.
3. Could have:
I could have completed the task earlier if I had focused more.
The team could have won the match, but they made some crucial mistakes.
4. Would have:
If I had known about the event, I would have joined you.
They would have succeeded if they had followed the instructions.
5. Needn't have:
She needn't have worried about the presentation; it went really well.
We needn't have rushed; the meeting was postponed.
EXAMPLES
6. Ought to have:
You ought to have informed us in advance; now it's too late.
They ought to have considered other options before making a decision.
7. Used to:
I used to believe in ghosts when I was a child.
We used to go camping every summer.
8. Had better:
You had better apologize for your behavior; it was unacceptable.
We had better leave early if we want to avoid traffic.
9. Was/Were able to:
Despite the challenges, they were able to complete the project on time.
I was able to find the solution to the problem after some research.
10. Was/Were allowed to:
I was allowed to use the company car for business trips.
They were allowed to enter the restricted area with special permission. 
Parte 27 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"The Mysterious Disappearance"
Narrator: Last summer, a group of friends (1) should have embarked on a thrilling camping trip to
the remote mountains. However, they (2) might have taken a wrong turn and ended up in an
unfamiliar valley. The terrain (3) must have been challenging because they were unable to
communicate with the outside world due to poor reception.
As the sun set, they (4) had to make a decision. They (5) could have retraced their steps, but the
darkness and the dense forest (6) must have made it incredibly difficult. In their attempt to find
their way back, they (7) might have stumbled upon an old, abandoned cabin.
Curiosity got the better of them, and they (8) had to explore. Inside, they (9) might have
discovered a journal detailing the history of the cabin and the valley. The previous owner (10)
would have been a recluse who (11) must have appreciated the solitude.
The friends (12) should have felt a mixture of excitement and unease as they pondered the
mysteries of the valley. Eventually, they (13) had to navigate their way back to civilization, leaving
behind the secrets of the enigmatic place.
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Why did the group of friends end up in an unfamiliar valley
during their camping trip?
What decision did the friends have to make as the sun set?
Why did exploring the abandoned cabin become a necessity for
the friends?
What details about the cabin did the friends likely discover?
How did the friends feel about leaving the valley, and why?
Reflect on a significant event or decision in your life. Share your thoughts with
your conversation partner using past modals to express possibilities, regrets, and
reflections.
Should have:
Talk about a situation where you should have made a different decision. For
example, "I should have taken that job offer when it was available."
Might have:
Discuss a moment where something might have happened but didn't. For
instance, "I might have missed the train if I hadn't rushed to the station."
Could have:
Share an opportunity you had but didn't take. For example, "I could have
studied abroad, but I chose to stay closer to home."
Would have:
Talk about a hypothetical situation that would have occurred if circumstances
were different. For instance, "I would have pursued a different career if I had
known then what I know now."
Needn't have:
Reflect on an unnecessary action you took. For example, "I needn't have
worried so much about the outcome; everything turned out fine."
Let's Practice
Ought to have:
Discuss a situation where you or someone else ought to have done something differently. For instance, "She ought to
have considered the consequences before making that decision."
Used to:
Share a habit or behavior you used to have but no longer do. For example, "I used to spend hours playing video games
every day."
Had better:
Discuss a situation where you or someone else had better follow a particular course of action. For instance, "I had
better start saving money for the future."
Was/Were able to:
Talk about a situation where you were able to overcome a challenge. For example, "I was able to meet the tight
deadline by working late into the night."
"The Unfinished Symphony"
Last year, renowned composer Julia Morrison embarked on a journey to create a symphony that
(1) should have surpassed all her previous works. With a vision of crafting a masterpiece that (2)
might have resonated for generations, she tirelessly composed day and night.
As the premiere date approached, Julia (3) must have felt a mix of excitement and nervousness.
The composition, which (4) could have blended classical and modern elements seamlessly, held
the promise of leaving a lasting impact on the world of music.
However, unforeseen challenges emerged. A sudden illness (5) might have hindered Julia's ability
to conduct the symphony herself. Despite her determination, the performance (6) had to be
postponed.
In hindsight, Julia realized she (7) needn't have pushed herself to meet such a tight deadline. The
pressure she (8) had better managed, as it (9) could have influenced the overall quality of her
creation.
Reflecting on the experience, Julia acknowledged that she (10) ought to have taken breaks to
avoid burnout. The unfinishedsymphony, though a testament to her artistic vision, (11) would have
been even more extraordinary with careful pacing and consideration.
Questions
What did Julia Morrison intend for her symphony to
achieve?
How did Julia feel as the premiere date
approached?
What unforeseen challenge affected Julia's ability to
conduct the symphony?
Why did Julia realize she needn't have pushed
herself so hard?
What does Julia acknowledge about the unfinished
symphony in hindsight?
"The Unexpected Encounter"
Write a story that begins with a character encountering something unexpected. It could be
a person, a place, an object, or even a peculiar event. Use a variety of past modals to
explore the possibilities, regrets, and reflections related to this unexpected encounter.
Writing Prompt
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS28
CLASS 28
IDIOMS 3
Idioms are expressions that convey a figurative
meaning different from the literal interpretation of
the words used. These phrases often have cultural
or contextual significance, and they may not make
sense if taken literally. Idioms are a common
feature in language and are used to add color,
emphasis, or depth to communication. 
Idioms
EXAMPLES
Piece of cake: Something very easy to do.
Example: The math exam was a piece of
cake.
Spill the beans: To disclose a secret.
Example: Don't spill the beans about the
surprise party!
Cry over spilled milk: To lament something
that has already happened and cannot be
changed. Example: There's no use crying
over spilled milk; let's find a solution.
Bite off more than you can chew: To take
on a task that is way too big or beyond
one's capabilities. Example: I think I bit off
more than I can chew with this project.
The icing on the cake: Something that
makes a good situation even better.
Example: Winning the lottery was great, but
getting a promotion at work was the icing
on the cake.
A piece of the pie: A share or portion of something,
usually profits or benefits. Example: Everyone in the
team should get a fair piece of the pie.
Bring home the bacon: To earn a living or provide for
the family. Example: It's important for both partners to
work and bring home the bacon.
Cry over spilt milk: Similar to "cry over spilled milk," this
idiom means to be upset about something that has
already happened and cannot be changed. Example:
There's no point crying over spilt milk; let's focus on
fixing the issue.
Out of the frying pan and into the fire: Moving from a
bad or difficult situation to an even worse one. Example:
I thought leaving my old job would solve my problems,
but now I'm in a new company with its own issues. It's
like jumping out of the frying pan and into the fire.
In a nutshell: Summarizing something in a concise
manner. Example: Can you explain the plan in a
nutshell?
Parte 28 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Lisa and Mark are chatting over lunch in the office cafeteria.
Lisa: Hey Mark, how was your weekend?
Mark: Oh, it was a piece of cake! I spent Saturday fixing my bike, and on Sunday, I just relaxed at home.
Lisa: Nice! By the way, did you hear about the new project? They're expanding the team.
Mark: Really? I hope I didn't bite off more than I can chew by volunteering for it.
Lisa: Nah, you'll be fine! Just don't spill the beans about the surprise changes we discussed in the last meeting.
Mark: Got it! I wouldn't want to cry over spilled milk. Speaking of which, have you had a chance to bring home the
bacon with those extra freelance gigs?
Lisa: Yeah, the freelancing is going well. It's like having an extra piece of the pie. But, you know, it's not the icing on the
cake compared to the joy of spending time with my family.
Mark: That's great to hear. I feel like I need to bring home the bacon from a different frying pan, though. My current
job is becoming a bit too stressful.
Lisa: Hmm, it sounds like you might be jumping out of the frying pan and into the fire with the new project. Make sure
it's worth it.
Mark: You're right. I'll consider that. So, in a nutshell, my weekend was easygoing, but work might be getting more
challenging.
Lisa: Well, let me know if you need any advice. We all need a good balance, just like finding the right ingredients for a
perfect recipe.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What did Mark do on Saturday?
How does Lisa feel about the new project expanding the team?
What caution does Lisa give to Mark about the surprise changes?
How is Lisa's freelancing going, and how does she describe it?
What concern does Mark express about his current job?
According to Lisa, what is important to her despite the freelancing
success?
What metaphor does Mark use to describe his work situation with
the new project?
Summarize Mark's overall sentiment about his weekend and work in
a nutshell.
Write a short story or personal reflection incorporating at least five food-related idioms. Use
the idioms to add flavor to your narrative. Consider how they enhance the overall mood
and convey specific emotions or experiences. Feel free to be creative and have fun with the
idioms!
Writing Prompt
Let's Practice
Imagine you're at a casual gathering with friends,
and the topic of the conversation is recent
experiences and future plans. Use at least three
food-related idioms in your response.
Alex and Emma are catching up over coffee at a local cafe.
Alex: Hey, Emma! How was your weekend?
Emma: It was a piece of cake, Alex! I decided to tackle my mountain of laundry on Saturday, and it
was surprisingly easy. But you won't believe what happened on Sunday. I might have bitten off
more than I can chew—I promised to help my cousin move to a new 
apartment. It turned out to be quite a challenge!
Alex: Oh no! Moving can be tough. Did anything else happen?
Emma: Well, speaking of surprises, my brother spilled the beans 
about the surprise party our family is planning for our parents' 
anniversary. Now we have to come up with a new plan. There's no 
use crying over spilled milk, though. We'll figure something out.
Alex: True, true. And how's work going?
Emma: Work has been a bit like jumping out of the frying pan and 
into the fire. I thought taking on the new project would be the icing 
on the cake, but it's been more stressful than I anticipated. I might 
need to reconsider my priorities and find a better balance.
Questions
What did Emma find surprisingly easy to do over the
weekend?
What challenge did Emma face on Sunday, and why
does she say she might have bitten off more than
she can chew?
What surprise did Emma's brother reveal, and how
does Emma feel about it?
How does Alex respond to Emma's situation with the
surprise party?
According to Emma, how has work been lately, and
what does she say about the new project?
What metaphor does Emma use to describe her
work situation?
Summarize Emma's overall sentiment about her
weekend, family plans, and work in a nutshell.
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT THE POWER OF NOSTALGIA!
Vocabulary:
Nostalgia: A sentimental longing or wistful
affection for the past, typically for a period
or place with happy personal associations.
Reminisce: To indulge in the enjoyable
recollection of past events or experiences.
Vintage: Characterized by excellence,
maturity, and enduring appeal; often used
to describe objects or styles from a previous
era.
Yesteryear: The time of a previous era, often
remembered with nostalgia.
Auld Lang Syne: A Scottish phrase meaning
"old long since" or "times gone by," often
associated with bidding farewell to the old
year and welcoming the new.
Time capsule: A container storing a selection
of objects chosen as being typicalof the
present time and buried for discovery in the
future.
Throwback: A nod to the past, often used to
describe something reminiscent of an earlier
time.
Sentimental: Characterized by or showing
tender feelings, often associated with
affectionate memories.
Memento: An object or item that serves as a
reminder of a person, place, or event.
Golden age: A period in the past that is
considered to be a peak of excellence or
prosperity.
Anachronism: Something that is out of its
proper chronological order, especially a
person or object that belongs to an earlier
time.
Reminiscence therapy: The use of past
events, activities, and experiences to evoke
positive memories as a form of therapy,
especially for individuals with memory-
related conditions.
Hark back: To return to or evoke a previous
time, often with a sense of nostalgia.
Cinéma vérité: A style of documentary
filmmaking that captures candid moments,
often evoking a sense of nostalgia.
Pining: A deep yearning or intense longing,
often for something in the past.
Heirloom: A valuable object that has
belonged to a family for several generations.
Faded glory: Something that was once
impressive but has lost its former power or
significance.
Cherished memories: Recollections that are
held dear and regarded with affection.
Retro: Imitative of a style, fashion, or design
from the recent past.
Antique: A collectible object, typically at least
100 years old or representative of an earlier
period.
How would you define the term "nostalgia," and what does it mean to you personally?
In your experience, what specific memories or moments trigger feelings of nostalgia for
you?
Do you think nostalgia has the power to influence our present emotions and behaviors? If
so, how?
Can you recall a time when revisiting a place, hearing a song, or smelling a certain scent
evoked strong nostalgic feelings? Describe the experience.
In what ways does nostalgia play a role in shaping our identity or sense of self?
How do you think technology, particularly social media, influences the experience of
nostalgia in today's society?
Do you believe that people tend to idealize the past through the lens of nostalgia? Why or
why not?
Let’s Talk!
Let’s Talk!
In your opinion, can the power of nostalgia be harnessed for positive purposes, such as
improving mental well-being or fostering a sense of community? How?
Some argue that nostalgia can hinder personal growth by keeping individuals tethered to
the past. What are your thoughts on this perspective?
How might cultural or societal changes impact the way people experience and express
nostalgia?
Do you think there are generational differences in the things that evoke nostalgia, and if so,
why?
Have you ever engaged in activities or practices specifically to evoke feelings of nostalgia,
such as watching old movies, looking at photo albums, or revisiting childhood places? If
yes, how did it make you feel?
What role does nostalgia play in the creation and consumption of art, literature, and
entertainment?
In your opinion, is there a downside to being overly nostalgic, and if so, what might it be?
Talk about Nostalgia and get your opinion on the conversation
you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS29
CLASS 29
4 AREAS
In this class, we will practice the 4 areas of
English. Let’s have some fun with it!
Practice:
Parte 29 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
"The Impact of Technology on Society"
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, its influence on society is profound and multifaceted. Today, we will
explore the various aspects of this impact, ranging from communication to employment.
Introduction: Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. The advent of smartphones and social media
has connected people across the globe. However, concerns about the quality of these connections and the potential
for isolation have emerged. As a C1 student, analyze the positive and negative effects of technology on interpersonal
relationships.
1.
Section 1: Employment Trends: The rise of automation and artificial intelligence has transformed the job market. High-
skilled jobs in technology are in demand, while routine tasks are increasingly automated. Consider the implications of
these changes on employment patterns, income inequality, and the need for continuous skill development.
2.
Section 2: Privacy and Security: With the constant collection of data and the prevalence of surveillance technologies,
the issue of privacy is more pertinent than ever. Discuss the challenges society faces in balancing the benefits of
technological advancements with the need for individual privacy and security.
3.
Section 3: Education in the Digital Age: The educational landscape has been reshaped by technology. Online learning
platforms, virtual classrooms, and interactive tools have become integral to education. Examine the advantages and
disadvantages of this shift, considering accessibility, quality of education, and the role of traditional teaching
methods.
4.
What is the main focus of the text?
How has technology influenced communication according to the
introduction?
What are the potential positive and negative effects of
technology on interpersonal relationships?
In Section 1, what are the key trends in employment discussed in
relation to technology?
How does technology contribute to income inequality, according
to the text?
According to Section 3, what changes has technology brought to
the field of education?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the technological shift in education?
In the conclusion, what aspects of technology on society should be critically analyzed?
Let's Practice
"Imagine you are a representative at a global conference on
the future of technology. You have been asked to share your
insights on the ethical considerations surrounding the
development and use of artificial intelligence. 
In a two-minute speech, discuss the potential benefits and
risks of AI, addressing issues such as privacy, job
displacement, and the impact on social relationships. 
Share your perspective on how society can navigate these
challenges responsibly, and propose any recommendations
or guidelines you believe should be established to ensure the
ethical use of AI on a global scale."
"The year is 2050, and society has undergone a radical transformation due to technological
advancements. Write a speculative essay exploring the positive and negative consequences of
a world where humans have achieved near-complete integration with artificial intelligence.
Consider the impact on interpersonal relationships, the nature of work, ethical dilemmas, and
the overall well-being of individuals and society. Reflect on the challenges and opportunities
presented by this futuristic reality, and provide your insights on whether such a world is
sustainable and desirable."
Writing Prompt
"The Rise of Green Technology"
In the quest for a sustainable future, green technology has emerged as a key player in reshaping
industries and mitigating environmental challenges. This article explores the rapid rise of green
technology and its impact on various sectors.
Introduction: Green technology, also known as clean or environmental technology, encompasses
innovations designed to address environmental issues and promote sustainability. From renewable
energy sources to waste reduction strategies, the development and adoption of green technology
have become crucial in the face of climate change.
Section 1: Renewable Energy Revolution: One of the
most significant contributions of green technology is
the revolution in renewable energy. Solar and wind
power technologies have advanced exponentially,
offering clean and sustainable alternatives to
traditional energy sources. Explore the benefits and
challenges associated with the widespread adoption
of renewable energy.
Section2: Sustainable Practices in Industry: Industries are increasingly integrating 
sustainable practices through green technology. From eco-friendly production processes to the
use of recycled materials, companies are recognizing the importance of reducing their
environmental footprint. Examine case studies of industries successfully implementing green
technology solutions.
Section 3: Smart Cities and Sustainable Living: The concept of smart cities is gaining momentum,
with technology being leveraged to create urban environments that prioritize sustainability. From
energy-efficient buildings to intelligent transportation systems, smart cities aim to enhance the
quality of life while minimizing environmental impact. Discuss the potential benefits and
challenges associated with the development of smart cities.
Questions
What is the main focus of the reading text?
Define green technology and explain its
significance in the context of environmental
challenges.
In Section 1, what are the examples of renewable
energy mentioned, and what benefits do they
offer?
How are industries integrating sustainable
practices through green technology, according
to Section 2?
Provide examples of how smart cities leverage
technology for sustainability, as discussed in
Section 
Birthday
Party Danceteria Silent party Christmas
party Wedding
Relate the five following events and talk
about the common topic they summon:
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS30
CLASS 30
REVIEW ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Adverbs of frequency are words that indicate how
often an action occurs. They provide information
about the frequency or repetition of an activity or
event. These adverbs help answer the question "How
often?" and are typically placed before the main verb
in a sentence.
Adverbs of Frequency
Always1.
Usually2.
Often3.
Sometimes4.
Rarely5.
Seldom6.
Hardly ever7.
Never8.
Adverbs of Frequency
Parte 30 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
 "A Day in the Life"
Introduction: Meet Emily, a young professional with a hectic schedule. Let's take a glimpse into her daily routine and
discover how adverbs of frequency play a role in describing her activities.
Morning Routine: Emily wakes up early every day. She always starts her day with a cup of coffee and a quick
check of her emails. After that, she usually goes for a run in the nearby park. On weekends, she often meets up
with friends for brunch.
Work Life: At work, Emily is dedicated and focused. She rarely takes breaks during the day, preferring to finish her
tasks efficiently. However, she sometimes joins her colleagues for a quick chat in the break room. She never
forgets to attend the weekly team meeting.
Afternoon Activities: In the afternoons, Emily has a variety of activities. She always eats a healthy lunch, but she
seldom has time for a long break. She hardly ever leaves work late, but when she does, it's usually due to an
important project.
Evening Leisure: Evenings are Emily's time to unwind. She often reads a book or watches a movie. She
occasionally cooks dinner for herself or invites friends over. On Fridays, she usually goes out for dinner with her
family.
Weekend Relaxation: Weekends are precious to Emily. She always sleeps in on Saturdays, and she usually spends
Sundays with her family. They never miss their monthly weekend getaway to the countryside.
What is the main focus of the text?
How has technology influenced communication according to the
introduction?
What are the potential positive and negative effects of
technology on interpersonal relationships?
In Section 1, what are the key trends in employment discussed in
relation to technology?
How does technology contribute to income inequality, according
to the text?
According to Section 3, what changes has technology brought to
the field of education?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the technological shift in education?
In the conclusion, what aspects of technology on society should be critically analyzed?
Let's Practice
In a two-minute impromptu speech, discuss your favorite
leisure activity and how frequently you engage in it. Use
adverbs of frequency to convey how often you partake in
this activity, whether it's daily, weekly, or less often. 
Elaborate on why this activity holds significance for you
and how it contributes to your overall well-being. Feel free
to share anecdotes or experiences related to this leisure
activity and how it has become a regular part of your life.
Imagine you are writing a diary entry for a typical day in your life. Use adverbs of frequency
to describe your daily routine, activities, and habits. Reflect on how the frequency of certain
actions contributes to the overall rhythm of your day. Consider the moments that stand out
and the ones that happen regularly. Share insights into how these habits shape your
lifestyle and well-being.
Writing Prompt
Work Going to
the gym
Catching a
bus
Have some past
time activity Have a meal
Describe the five following events and talk
about the type of routine you have and if
these things are a part of it:
The Lifelong Learner"
Meet Alex, a dedicated lifelong learner with a passion for acquiring new skills and knowledge. Let's
delve into a typical week in Alex's life and explore how adverbs of frequency play a role in shaping this
continuous journey of learning.
Introduction: Alex is an avid learner who always seeks opportunities to expand their horizons. With a
curious mind and a thirst for knowledge, Alex's routine reflects a commitment to lifelong learning.
Monday to Friday: On weekdays, Alex usually starts
the day by reading articles and research papers
related to their field of interest. This habit not only
keeps Alex informed but also serves as a catalyst for
critical thinking. Alex often attends workshops and
webinars during the week, immersing themselves in
interactive learning experiences.
Alex rarely misses an opportunity to engage in discussions with experts or fellow 
learners. These conversations provide valuable insights and different perspectives. 
On Fridays, Alex always takes time to reflect on the week's learning experiences, identifying areas for
further exploration.
Weekend Exploration: The weekends are dedicated to more in-depth learning projects. Alex
occasionally collaborates with a study group to delve into complex topics. These collaborative
sessions not only enhance understanding but also foster a sense of community in the learning
process.
While Alex never underestimates the importance of leisure, even during 
weekends, they hardly ever spend a day without engaging in some form 
of intellectually stimulating activity. This might include attending a 
lecture, experimenting with new skills, or working on a personal research 
project.
Balancing Act: Adverbs of frequency are integral to Alex's routine, 
ensuring a balance between consistent, daily learning habits and 
periodic, more intensive explorations. This balance allows for continuous 
growth without overwhelming the learning process.
Questions
Who is the main character of the text, and what is
their approach to learning?
How does Alex usually start their weekdays, and
what purpose does this routine serve?
What is the significance of Alex attending
workshops and webinars during the week?
How does Alex engage with others in the learning
process, and why is this aspect important?
What does Alex do on Fridays, and how does this
contribute to the overall learning experience?
How are weekends dedicated to learning projects,
and what is the role of collaborationduring this
time
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS31
CLASS 31
INVERSIONS WITH NEGATIVE ADVERBIALS
In English grammar, an inversion occurs when the usual
word order of a sentence is reversed, typically for
emphasis or to create a certain stylistic effect. Inversions
often involve placing the verb before the subject.
Negative adverbials, such as "never," "rarely," "seldom,"
and "hardly," can also be used to create inversions for
emphasis.
Inversions with
Negative Adverbials
EXAMPLES
Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.1.
In this example, the usual word order would be "I have never seen such a beautiful sunset."
However, for emphasis, the negative adverbial "never" is placed at the beginning of the
sentence, resulting in an inversion.
Rarely does he complain about anything.2.
The normal word order would be "He rarely complains about anything." The inversion here
emphasizes the infrequency of his complaints.
Seldom have we encountered such a challenging problem.3.
Instead of "We have seldom encountered such a challenging problem," this inversion places
emphasis on the rarity of the challenging problems.
Not only did they finish the project on time, but they also exceeded our expectations.4.
In this example, "not only" is a negative adverbial that introduces a parallel structure. The
inversion occurs with "did they finish," emphasizing both completing the project on time and
exceeding expectations.
Under no circumstances should you open that door.5.
This inversion with the negative adverbial "under no circumstances" emphasizes the strong
prohibition against opening the door.
Compose a short essay (around 300-400 words) describing an unusual or
unexpected experience you've had. Use inversions with negative adverbials
to emphasize key moments or aspects of the story.
EXAMPLE RESPONSE:
Never had I imagined that a simple hike in the mountains would turn into an
unforgettable adventure. Rarely do I venture into the wilderness alone, but
that day curiosity got the better of me.
Under no circumstances did I anticipate encountering a family of wild deer
so close to the trail. Their graceful presence among the trees was
mesmerizing, and seldom does one have the chance to witness such a
serene moment in nature.
Writing Prompt
Not only did the encounter with the deer captivate me, but it also led me to a hidden
waterfall tucked away in the heart of the forest. Never before had I stumbled upon such a
pristine and untouched gem.
Little did I know that the tranquility of the scene would be disrupted by the sudden
appearance of a rare bird species. Not only was its vibrant plumage a sight to behold, but
its melodic song echoed through the trees, creating a symphony of sounds that I had
seldom heard in the great outdoors.
Under no circumstances could I have predicted that a routine hike would unfold into an
extraordinary communion with nature. Never again will I underestimate the magic that lies
just beyond the beaten path.
Parte 31 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"An Unforgettable Journey"
Listen to the following story about an unexpected journey, and pay attention to the use of inversions with negative adverbials.
Never had Susan ventured into the bustling city alone. Rarely did the opportunity arise, but under no circumstances could she
resist the allure of the vibrant lights and eclectic sounds that beckoned her.
On that particular evening, she decided to explore a neighborhood she had seldom visited before. Not only did the unfamiliar
streets captivate her, but the aromatic blend of international cuisines wafting through the air added to the enchantment.
As Susan strolled through the lively streets, never did she expect to stumble upon an intimate jazz club tucked away in a quiet
corner. Rarely had she experienced such an electrifying atmosphere. The live music, performed by a talented band, created a
harmonious ambiance that she would never forget.
Under no circumstances did she plan on dancing the night away with strangers she had just met. Not only did the music
compel her, but the warm spirit of the people around her made the experience truly magical.
Susan's unexpected journey through the city under the dazzling city lights was a testament to the idea that, sometimes, the
most memorable moments occur when you least expect them.
What made Susan decide to explore the city alone on that
evening?
Describe the atmosphere in the neighborhood Susan visited.
Why was Susan captivated by the jazz club she found?
What was unexpected about Susan's interaction with the people
in the jazz club?
What is the main message or lesson conveyed in Susan's
journey?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Let's Practice
Describe a memorable event or achievement in your life
using inversions with negative adverbials to emphasize
key aspects. Consider moments of surprise, challenge, or
personal growth. Share the story with a partner or the
class, making use of inversions to add emphasis and
create a more engaging narrative.
 "A Surprising Encounter"
Never (1) ____ I thought that a casual stroll through the historic district would lead to an
extraordinary discovery. Seldom (2) ____ I explore the city without a specific agenda, but on
this particular afternoon, curiosity got the better of me.
Under no circumstances (3) ____ I anticipated stumbling upon a quaint bookstore hidden
away on a narrow cobblestone street. Not only (4) ____ the exterior captivate me with its
vintage charm, but the aroma of old books inside created an atmosphere that I had rarely (5)
____ before.
As I entered, never (6) ____ I expect to meet the eccentric owner, an elderly gentleman with a
vast knowledge of literature. Rarely (7) ____ you come across someone so passionate about
the written word. He not only (8) ____ the history behind each book but also recommended
hidden literary gems that I would have otherwise overlooked.
Seldom (9) ____ I felt such a sense of connection with a stranger. Under no circumstances
(10) ____ I imagined that a chance encounter in a bookstore would turn into a lasting
friendship. Not only (11) ____ I leave with a bag full of books, but I also gained a newfound
appreciation for the unexpected joys that life has to offer.
Questions
What was the narrator's initial expectation when taking a
stroll through the historic district?
Why was the bookstore described as hidden away?
How did the atmosphere of the bookstore differ from
what the narrator had rarely experienced before?
What made the elderly bookstore owner stand out,
according to the text?
What unexpected outcome resulted from the chance
encounter in the bookstore?
Discuss the role of curiosity in the narrator's experience.
How did curiosity play a pivotal role in this story?
How does the use of inversions with negative adverbials
contribute to the emphasis and flow of the narrative?
Explore the theme of unexpected joys in the text. How
does the story convey the idea that life's surprises can
bring joy and enrichment?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS32
CLASS 32
INVERSIONS WITH NEGATIVE ADVERBIALS
In English grammar, an inversion occurs when the usual
word order of a sentence is reversed, typically for
emphasis or to create a certain stylistic effect. Inversions
often involve placing the verb before the subject.
Negative adverbials, such as "never," "rarely," "seldom,"
and "hardly," can also be used to create inversions for
emphasis.
Inversions with
Negative Adverbials
EXAMPLES
1. Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
In this example, the usual word order would be "I have never seen such a beautiful sunset." However, for
emphasis, the negative adverbial "never" is placed at the beginning of the sentence, resulting in an
inversion.
2. Rarely does he complain about anything.
The normal word order would be "He rarely complains about anything." The inversion here emphasizes
the infrequency of his complaints.
3. Seldom have we encountered such a challenging problem.
Instead of "We have seldomencountered such a challenging problem," this inversion places emphasis
on the rarity of the challenging problems.
4. Not only did they finish the project on time, but they also exceeded our expectations.
In this example, "not only" is a negative adverbial that introduces a parallel structure. The inversion
occurs with "did they finish," emphasizing both completing the project on time and exceeding
expectations.
5. Under no circumstances should you open that door.
This inversion with the negative adverbial "under no circumstances" emphasizes the strong prohibition
against opening the door.
Let's Practice
Share a personal experience where you had to
overcome a challenge or obstacle. Use inversions with
negative adverbials to highlight moments of difficulty
and eventual triumph. Speak for about 3-5 minutes.
Parte 32 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"The Unexpected Symphony"
Never before had the small park near my apartment witnessed such a magical
event. Seldom do you associate parks with classical music, but on that sunny
afternoon, an orchestra appeared, seemingly out of nowhere. Under no
circumstances could I have predicted the beauty that unfolded. Not only did the
music fill the air, but it also brought together people from all walks of life. Rarely have
I encountered such a spontaneous and heartwarming moment in a public space.
What was unusual about the small park near the narrator's
apartment?
How did the narrator describe the surprise musical event?
How did the music impact the atmosphere in the park?
What was the narrator's reaction to the unexpected symphony?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
"The Unexplored Island"
Write and read a text about an adventurer's journey to an unexplored island. Pay
attention to the use of inversions with negative adverbials to answer the question on the
next slide.
[Your Text Here]
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT RELIGIOUS BELIEFS!
Vocabulary:
Theism: Belief in the existence of
one or more deities, often involving
worship.
Atheism: Lack of belief in the
existence of deities.
Polytheism: Belief in or worship of
multiple deities.
Monotheism: Belief in a single,
supreme deity.
Agnosticism: Uncertainty or lack of
commitment regarding the
existence of deities.
Doctrine: A set of principles or
beliefs taught by a religious entity.
Ritual: A prescribed set of actions or ceremonies
often performed in a religious context.
Faith: Strong belief in a particular religion or
system of beliefs, typically without empirical
evidence.
Sacred: Regarded with reverence and respect,
often associated with religious significance.
Religious Tolerance: Acceptance of different
religious beliefs and practices.
Spirituality: Concerned with the soul, spirit, or
religious matters, often apart from traditional
organized religion.
Clergy: The body of people ordained for religious
duties, such as priests, ministers, or rabbis.
How would you define your own religious beliefs or philosophy of life?
Do you think it's important for people to have religious beliefs? Why or why not?
What are some common misconceptions people may have about certain religious beliefs?
How do you think society can foster understanding and respect for diverse religious beliefs?
Are there any religious rituals or practices that you find intriguing or meaningful?
How do you view the concept of religious tolerance in today's globalized world?
What challenges might arise in a society that values religious diversity?
Can someone be moral or ethical without adhering to religious beliefs?
Let’s Talk!
What are some common misconceptions about atheism or agnosticism?
In what ways does religion influence people's daily lives, including their decisions and actions?
How has your understanding of life and existence been shaped by religious or spiritual beliefs?
Have you ever engaged in interfaith dialogue or discussions with people of different religious
backgrounds?
How can interfaith dialogue contribute to building understanding and harmony among diverse
communities?
How do you feel about the separation of religion and government in your country?
Have your religious or spiritual beliefs evolved over time? If so, how?
What role do religious leaders play in guiding and influencing their communities?
Talk about religious beliefs and get your opinion on the
conversation you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS33
CLASS 33
NARRATIVE TENSES
Narrative tenses are verb tenses that are used to tell
stories or recount events. They help convey a sense of
time and sequence in a narrative. The main narrative
tenses are the past simple, past continuous, and past
perfect. Here's an explanation of each with usage
examples:
Narrative Tenses
EXAMPLES
Past Simple:1.
Usage: This tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. It's often used for the
main events in a story.
Example: She opened the door and found a surprise waiting for her.
Past Continuous:2.
Usage: This tense is used to describe actions that were in progress at a specific moment
in the past or to set the scene in a narrative.
Example: While they were walking in the park, it started to rain.
Past Perfect:3.
Usage: This tense is used to show that one action in the past happened before another
past action. It's useful for creating chronological order.
Example: By the time I arrived, they had already finished the meeting.
Past Perfect Continuous:4.
Usage: This tense is used to express the duration of an action that occurred before
another action in the past.
Example: They were tired because they had been working on the project for several hours.
Parte 33 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"Lost in Translation"
As the plane touched down at Tokyo's bustling airport, Sarah's excitement reached its peak. She had dreamt of visiting Japan for years,
and now, the moment had finally arrived. Stepping off the aircraft, she was engulfed by the unfamiliar sounds and scents of a foreign
land.
 
Eager to explore Tokyo, Sarah hailed a taxi. As the cab weaved through the neon-lit streets, she marveled at the city's futuristic skyline.
The driver, a friendly elderly man, spoke limited English but managed to convey tales of the city's rich history. Sarah, though fascinated,
struggled to comprehend every detail due to the language barrier.
The following day, armed with a map and a few Japanese phrases she'd memorized, Sarah embarked on a solo adventure. However, as
she navigated the labyrinthine streets, she found herself lost. Panic set in as she tried asking for directions in broken Japanese.
Passersby, though willing to help, only added to her confusion with their rapid-fire explanations.
Just when frustration threatened to overtake her, a kind stranger approached. His English was impeccable, and he graciously guided
her to her destination. Grateful, Sarah discovered that the stranger had lived abroad and understood the challenges of navigating a
foreign city.
As Sarah reflected on her Tokyo adventure that evening, she realized that despite the initial language barriers, the moments of
confusion, and the fear of getting lost, the journey had been an enriching experience. It wasn't just about the landmarks she visited but
the connections she made, proving that sometimes, in the midst of language gaps, a shared humanity transcends words.
What was Sarah's initial reaction upon arriving in Tokyo?
Why did Sarah take a taxi, and what did she find impressive
about the city?
Identify a sentence in the past simple tense from the text.
In what part of the story is the past continuous tense used, and
what is it describing?
Locate a sentence in the past perfect tense and explain its
significance in the narrative.
Describe the language barrier Sarah faced during her solo
adventure.
How did the kind stranger help Sarah, and what common
understanding didthey share?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
How did Sarah feel when she realized she was lost in Tokyo?
What emotions did she experience when reflecting on her journey at the end of the day?
How does the text highlight the challenges of navigating a foreign city with a language barrier?
What does the story suggest about the importance of cross-cultural communication and
understanding?
Let's Practice
"Describe a memorable travel experience you had. Use
narrative tenses to convey the sequence of events, your
feelings at different moments, and any challenges you
encountered. Pay attention to the use of past simple, past
continuous, and past perfect tenses in your narration. Be
sure to include details about the setting, characters you
interacted with, and the resolution of any conflicts or
challenges."
"Write a short story about a character who embarks on a journey to achieve a long-held
dream. Use narrative tenses to depict the various stages of the journey, including the initial
excitement, challenges faced, and eventual success or realization. Explore the character's
internal thoughts and emotions throughout the narrative. Experiment with past simple, past
continuous, and past perfect tenses to create a compelling and coherent story. Consider
incorporating elements of suspense, surprise, or reflection to engage your reader."
Writing Prompt
Put the paragraphs in order:
"The Enchanted Forest Adventure"
Paragraphs:
The old map, with its faded edges and cryptic symbols, led Emily to the heart of the enchanted
forest. Armed with nothing but her curiosity, she stepped into the dense thicket, surrounded by
ancient trees that whispered secrets in the wind.
As Emily delved deeper into the forest, she stumbled upon a clearing bathed in soft moonlight.
In the center stood a mystical fountain, its waters sparkling with ethereal hues. Drawn to its
magic, Emily reached out to touch the water, and a surge of warmth enveloped her.
Before entering the forest, Emily had heard tales of mystical
creatures that guarded its secrets. Suddenly, she found herself
face to face with a wise old owl, perched on a branch. The owl
spoke in riddles, guiding her towards the heart of the forest
where the true adventure awaited.
Armed with newfound knowledge from the wise owl, Emily
pressed on. The path twisted and turned, revealing hidden
glades and sparkling streams. Each step brought her closer to
the heart of the mystery, and she felt a growing sense of
anticipation.
Emily's journey through the enchanted forest took an
unexpected turn when she encountered a mischievous sprite.
The sprite, with a twinkle in its eye, led her through a series of
magical doorways, each opening to a different realm within the
forest.
Questions
Where did Emily find the old map, and what did it lead her to?
How did the ancient trees in the enchanted forest contribute to
the setting?
Describe Emily's encounter with the wise old owl. What role did the
owl play in her journey?
What magical discovery did Emily make in the clearing with soft
moonlight?
How did the knowledge gained from the wise old owl influence
Emily's journey?
As Emily pressed on, what elements of the forest revealed
themselves to her, and how did they contribute to the story's
progression?
Describe the encounter between Emily and the mischievous sprite.
How did this encounter impact the story?
What role did the magical doorways play in Emily's journey
through the enchanted forest?
What themes are present in "The Enchanted Forest Adventure"?
How does the text evoke a sense of wonder and magic through
Emily's experiences?
Homework Time! 
Lesson 33
Howdy! Well to be honest, we really
want to see you more often. So,
why don’t you make us a very short
video describing some nice story
that happened to you? It can be
anything. And try to use a bit of
what you’ve learned on the
Narrative Tenses, won’t you?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS34
CLASS 34
NARRATIVE TENSES
Love Death Luck Friendship Family
Describe the five following pictures and opinate using
narrative tenses:
Parte 34 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"The Tapestry of Human Connections"
In the small town where Clara grew up, the past simple tense wove stories of childhood friendships and innocent adventures. Children laughed,
played, and created memories that would be cherished for a lifetime.
As Clara entered her teenage years, the past continuous tense enveloped her experiences. Friendships deepened, and relationships evolved.
Late-night conversations, shared dreams, and the subtle nuances of growing up together painted the canvas of her adolescence.
In her twenties, the past perfect tense became prominent. By then, Clara had experienced heartbreaks, successes, and the ebb and flow of
relationships. The connections that had once seemed unbreakable had transformed, leaving behind lessons and a mosaic of experiences.
As Clara navigated the complexities of adulthood, the past perfect continuous tense marked relationships that endured over time. Lifelong friends,
family bonds, and enduring partnerships stood the test of trials and tribulations, evolving into a rich tapestry that told the story of resilience and
commitment.
One day, while reflecting on life's journey, Clara realized that the present simple tense was also at play. New relationships blossomed, friendships
continued to flourish, and love took on different forms. The tapestry of human connections expanded, with each thread representing a unique
story, a shared moment, or an understanding that transcended words.
Looking toward the future, Clara embraced the future simple tense. Anticipating the unknown, she recognized that relationships would continue to
shape her story. The unwritten chapters of her life held the promise of new connections, unexplored depths, and the potential for growth.
In the end, Clara understood that the beauty of human connections lies not just in the individual threads but in the intricate weaving of narratives
across time. The tapestry of relationships, with its varying narrative tenses, portrayed the richness of the human experience—a mosaic of
emotions, growth, and the enduring power of connection.
How is the past simple tense used to describe Clara's early
relationships in the small town where she grew up?
What elements of childhood friendships are highlighted in this part
of the narrative?
Describe the role of the past continuous tense in Clara's teenage
years. How does it contribute to the depiction of her evolving
relationships?
What specific moments or experiences are mentioned that
capture the essence of adolescence?
How does the past perfect tense reflect the changes in Clara's
relationships during her twenties?
What lessons and transformations are indicated by the use of this
tense in the narrative?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Explain the significance of the past perfect continuous tense in the description of 
Clara's enduring relationships in adulthood.
Summarize the overarching theme of the text regarding human connections.
How does the metaphor of a tapestry contribute to the understanding of relationships in Clara's life?
Let's Practice
"Reflect on your family history and share a memorable story
or event that involves different members of your family. Use
narrative tenses such as past simple, past continuous, and
past perfect to vividly depict the unfolding events. 
Describe the setting, the relationships between family
members, and the impact of the event on your family
dynamics. Consider including moments of joy, challenges
overcome, or any significant changes that occurred. This
exercise aims to showcase your ability to use narrative
tenses in recounting familial experiences."
"Love Through Time"
"Craft a narrative that delves into the complexities of romantic relationships. Share a story of love
that spans different stages of a relationship—beginning, middle, and perhaps even a significantof what their
lives would seem like in 2100
(300 words min.).
Homework Time! 
Lesson 3
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS4
CLASS 4
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Adjectives
Adverbs are words that modify verbs,
adjectives, or other adverbs. They often
answer questions like "How?" "When?"
"Where?" or "To what extent?" 
Adverbs provide additional information
about the action, manner, time, place, or
degree of something.
She sang beautifully.1.
They arrived early.2.
Adjectives
Adjectives are words that describe or
modify nouns (a person, place, thing, or
idea). They provide more information
about the noun by answering questions
like "What kind?" "How many?" or "Which
one?" 
Adjectives add detail and specificity to
your sentences.
Examples:
Here are some common examples:
She has a beautiful garden.1.
We saw an old movie yesterday.2.
Examples:
Here are some common examples:
A Breathtaking Journey
In the heart of the picturesque countryside, lies a small village that seems frozen in time. The
village is surrounded by lush, rolling hills adorned with vibrant wildflowers that create a
breathtaking landscape. The quaint houses, with their charming architecture, stand proudly
against the backdrop of this idyllic scenery.
As you stroll through the narrow cobblestone streets, you'll notice the warm and welcoming
atmosphere that envelops the village. The locals, known for their friendly nature, greet you with
genuine smiles. The aroma of freshly baked bread wafts through the air, adding to the overall
delightful experience.
Venturing further, you come across a hidden gem—a serene lake that mirrors the clear, blue
sky above. The water is so crystal clear that you can see the myriad of fish swimming
gracefully beneath the surface. It's a truly captivating sight that leaves you in awe of nature's
wonders.
As the day unfolds, you decide to explore the nearby forest, a place of enchanting beauty.
Towering trees with moss-covered trunks create a mystical atmosphere, and the play of
sunlight filtering through the leaves casts a magical glow on the forest floor. The chirping of
birds and the rustling of leaves create a tranquil soundtrack, making it a perfect escape
from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.
As the sun sets, casting a palette of warm hues across the sky, you find yourself on a hill
overlooking the village. The view is nothing short of spectacular, with the fading sunlight
painting the landscape in shades of orange and pink. It's a moment that etches itself into
your memory, leaving you with a sense of deep appreciation for the beauty that surrounds
you.
Do you believe the description of the village portrays
an idealized reality or is it an authentic representation
of rural beauty?
1.
What role does nature play in creating a welcoming
and tranquil atmosphere in the village? Do you think
this connection with nature is important for the local
community?
2.
What is the importance of appreciating natural beauty,
such as the sunset described in the text, in our busy
daily lives?
3.
What aspects of the village description do you find
most inspiring? Do you believe it's possible to find that
same sense of calm and awe in everyday life?
4.
Questions
EXERCISE:
Deep
Lush
Vibrant
Breathtaking
Charming
Create a sentence for each of the
following 10 adjectives.
Idyllic
Warm
Welcoming
Genuine
Delightful
Parte 4 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
An Adventure Unfolds
In the heart of the bustling city, there exists a hidden oasis—a quiet bookstore tucked away between tall
buildings. As you step inside, you are immediately greeted by the calming scent of old books. The shelves
are neatly organized, and the books are arranged methodically, inviting you to explore each aisle.
The clerk, a wise-looking gentleman, welcomes you warmly and gestures towards the labyrinth of
bookshelves. You wander through the aisles slowly, running your fingers over the spines of books.
Occasionally, you find a book that piques your interest, and you stop to read the synopsis.
As you delve into the pages, you find yourself completely immersed in the stories. The characters come
alive, and the scenes unfold vividly before your eyes. The author skillfully weaves words together, creating
a narrative that captivates your imagination.
Suddenly, a soft melody reaches your ears. You follow the sound and discover a cozy reading nook,
where a talented musician is playing a guitar. The music complements the atmosphere of the bookstore,
adding a touch of enchantment to your literary journey.
You decide to purchase a couple of books and find a nearby café to savor them. As you sip your coffee,
you reflect on the enriching experience the bookstore offered. The stories linger in your mind, and you feel
a sense of gratitude for the serendipitous discovery of this literary haven in the heart of the city.
Text
What role do sensory descriptions, such as the scent of old
books and the soft music, play in creating the atmosphere of
the bookstore
1.
The text portrays the bookstore as a tranquil haven amidst the
hustle and bustle of the city. Do you believe such places are
important for escaping urban stress?
2.
How does the description of the protagonist's interaction with
the books reflect the importance of reading in everyday life?
3.
Music is depicted as an integral part of the bookstore
experience. Do you believe music can enhance reading in any
way? If so, how?
4.
The protagonist decides to purchase books after visiting the
bookstore. This raises the question of the value of physical
books compared to digital formats. What is your opinion on
this matter?
5.
Questions
EXERCISE:
Immediately
Calmly
Slowly
Occasionally
Suddenly
Create a sentence for each of the
following 10 adverbs.
Softly
Nearby
Reflect
Completely
Cozy
Writing Exercise: 
Craft a narrative about a character finding a hidden place unexpectedly, like a
bookstore, park, or beach. Use adjectives and adverbs to detail sensory experiences
and emotions in this new setting.
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT MOVING ABROAD!
Emigrate - Leave one's own country permanently. 
Example: Many people emigrate for better opportunities.
Immigrate - Move permanently to a foreign country. 
Example: The family immigrated to Canada for a better life.
Visa - Official document allowing entry/exit from a country. 
Example: You need a visa to study abroad.
Residence Permit - Document allowing foreign residency. 
Example: She applied for a residence permit to stay.
Culture Shock - Discomfort in unfamiliar cultural settings. 
Example: Culture shock is common when moving.
Language Barrier - Difficulty in communication due to language. 
Example: Overcoming language barriers is challenging.
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
Adaptation - Adjusting to new surroundings. 
Example: Successful adaptation is crucial.
Homesickness - Longing for home when away. 
Example: Homesickness is common among students.
Public Transportation - Scheduled transport systems. 
Example: Public transportation is convenient.
Social Integration - Becoming part of a new society. 
Example: Social integration is essential abroad.
Health Insurance - Coverage for medical expenses. 
Example: Comprehensive health insurance is crucial.
Orientation - Familiarization with new surroundings. 
Example: Attend orientation as a new student.
Let's put it into practice! With your teacher,
answer the questions on the next slides
using the vocabulary we just learned!
Have you ever considered moving abroad? Why or why not?
What factors would you take into consideration when deciding to move to another
country?
If you could choose any country to move to, where would it be and why?
How important is it for you to be familiar with the culture of a country before moving
there?
What aspects of a new culture would you find most challenging or exciting to adapt to?
What are some essential things to consider when planning a moveturning point. Utilize narrative tenses such as past simple, past continuous, and past perfect to
convey the emotions, challenges, and growth experienced by the characters. Explore the nuances of
their connection, the evolution of their feelings, and the impact of pivotal moments on their journey.
Use your narrative skills to engage the reader in the ebbs and flows of a compelling love story."
Writing Prompt
"A Friendship Unfolds"
In the quaint town of Willowbrook, where time seemed to move a bit slower, a unique friendship
blossomed between two unlikely companions—Sophie and Jake. Their journey together unfolded
in a series of moments that showcased the true essence of camaraderie.
At first, Sophie and Jake's paths crossed during a local community event. The past simple tense
weaved the tale of their initial meeting, marked by shared laughter, common interests, and the
spark of a burgeoning friendship.
As their friendship burgeoned, the past continuous tense highlighted the moments of
togetherness. Whether it was exploring the town's hidden gems, joining forces for school projects,
or simply enjoying lazy afternoons in the park, their bond deepened, and a sense of trust
flourished.
However, like any narrative, challenges arose. The past
perfect tense entered the story as Sophie faced a personal
setback, and Jake became a pillar of support. His unwavering
friendship, forged through shared experiences, became a
source of strength during Sophie's difficult times.
The turning point came when a misunderstanding
threatened to strain their friendship. The past perfect
continuous tense revealed the ongoing nature of their conflict
resolution, as they communicated openly, shared their
perspectives, and ultimately emerged with a stronger
understanding of each other.
Reflecting on their journey, the present simple tense captures
the enduring nature of Sophie and Jake's friendship. Despite
the ups and downs, they continue to navigate life together,
their bond a testament to the resilience of true friendship.
Questions
How did Sophie and Jake first meet, and what marked
the beginning of their friendship? (Use past simple tense)
Describe some of the activities that Sophie and Jake
enjoyed together as their friendship deepened. (Use past
continuous tense)
How did Jake demonstrate his support when Sophie
faced a personal setback? (Use past perfect tense)
Explore the turning point in their friendship when a
misunderstanding occurred. How did they resolve the
conflict? (Use past perfect continuous tense)
In the present simple tense, explain how Sophie and
Jake's friendship stands the test of time. How do they
continue to navigate life together?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS35
CLASS 35
PHRASAL VERBS 3
Phrasal verbs are combinations of a main verb and
one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs). The
particle can change the meaning of the main verb,
creating a new, idiomatic expression. When splitting
a phrasal verb, it's important to follow certain rules to
maintain grammatical correctness.
Phrasal Verbs
EXAMPLES
1.Object Placement:
If the object of the verb is a pronoun (e.g., him, her, it, me, us), it must come between the main verb and
the particle.
Example: She turned the radio up. (no pronoun)
Split Form: She turned it up.
2. Particle Separation:
In informal language, it's common to split the particle from the main verb, especially in spoken English.
Example: He looked the information up.
Split Form: He looked it up.
3. No Separation in Formal Writing:
In formal writing, it is generally recommended to keep the phrasal verb intact without splitting it.
Example: I will get back to you later.
Formal Form: I will get back to you later.
4. Separation with Long Objects:
If the object of the verb is long, it is often better to separate the particle from the main verb to avoid
awkward constructions.
Example: She ran into the house with excitement.
Split Form: She ran the information into the house with excitement.
EXAMPLES
5. No Separation in Fixed Phrasal Verbs:
In some cases, phrasal verbs are considered fixed expressions, and it's not acceptable to split them.
Example: She called off the meeting.
Incorrect Split Form: She called the meeting off.
6. Adverb Placement:
When an adverb is used with a phrasal verb, it typically comes after the particle.
Example: He picked up the phone quickly.
Split Form: He picked the phone up quickly.
7. Splitting for Emphasis:
Sometimes, splitting a phrasal verb is done for emphasis or to create a more natural flow in the
sentence.
Example: She handed in the assignment.
Split Form for Emphasis: She handed the assignment in.
Parte 35 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
Government Brings Up Climate Action at Global Summit
In a strategic move, the government has brought up the crucial issue of climate change on the international stage. The Prime Minister
passionately pointed out the escalating threats posed by global warming during the summit, urging world leaders to take immediate
action.
A high-profile investigative committee is currently looking into serious allegations of corruption within a major corporation. The
committee, formed last month, is meticulously examining financial records and testimonies to uncover the truth behind the scandal.
After days of intensive search efforts, authorities have reluctantly called off the search for the missing hiker. Adverse weather conditions
and rugged terrain have hindered rescue operations, prompting officials to reassess the situation and prioritize the safety of rescue
teams.
In a bid to stay at the forefront of innovation, a leading technology company has successfully set up a state-of-the-art research and
development center. The facility, equipped with cutting-edge technology, aims to accelerate the company's advancements in artificial
intelligence and cybersecurity.
Technology Section: Social Media Platform Takes Down Violating Accounts
Responding to a surge in policy violations, a popular social media platform has taken down numerous accounts that breached
community guidelines. The platform's spokesperson pointed out the importance of maintaining a safe and inclusive online environment
for users.
Stay tuned for further updates on these developing stories.
What issue did the government bring up at the global summit?
Who passionately pointed out the threats of global warming, and
where did this happen?
What is the current focus of the investigative committee?
How is the committee going about uncovering the truth behind
the corporate scandal?
Why did authorities decide to call off the search for the missing
hiker?
What factors contributed to the difficulties in conducting rescue
operations?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Let's Practice
Environmental Activism and Global
Initiatives"
You are a spokesperson for an environmental organization
attending an international conference on climate change.
"A Day in the Life of an Investigative Journalist"
Imagine you are an investigative journalist working on a high-profile case. Write a narrative
or journal entry describing a day in your life, using separable phrasal verbs to convey your
actions and experiences.
Writing Prompt
"Tech Company Shakes Up Industry with Innovative AI Center"
In a bold move, XYZ Tech has set up a groundbreaking research and development center aimed at
revolutionizing the artificial intelligence landscape. The company's CEO, in a press conference
yesterday, brought up the ambitious goals of the new facility and pointed out its potential to bring in
cutting-edge advancements in machine learning and data analytics.
The company, known for its commitment to innovation, has looked into hiring top-tier experts to lead
the AI projects. During an exclusive interview, the newly appointed Chief Scientist brought in insights
into the groundbreaking research that the team is currently working on.
Despite facing initial skepticism, the company has turned down the notion thatthe AI center's projects
are too ambitious. The CEO, in a statement, called off concerns about the financial feasibility,
emphasizing the long-term benefits these innovations will bring to the tech industry.
As the tech community eagerly awaits further updates, the company remains dedicated to its vision,
refusing to give up on its mission to shape the future of artificial intelligence.
Questions
What innovative move did XYZ Tech make, and what is the
purpose of the new research and development center?
According to the CEO, what are the ambitious goals of the
new facility, and how does it aim to revolutionize the
industry?
How is XYZ Tech approaching the staffing of the AI projects
at the new center?
What insights did the Chief Scientist bring into the
groundbreaking research during the interview?
What skepticism did the company face, and how did it
respond to it?
According to the CEO's statement, what concerns were
called off regarding the AI center's projects?
How does the company emphasize its commitment to the
long-term benefits of the AI innovations?
Despite challenges, what does the company refuse to give
up on regarding its mission?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS36
STUDENT'S EVALUATION 03
Evaluation Time!
By clicking the link, you will be directed to take a short test
where you'll put into practice what you've learned in the last 11
classes. This test is designed for you to self-assess and see
how much you've been able to grasp from the lessons.
The score provided is solely for self-evaluation purposes. While
you take this mini test, your teacher will be conducting another
assessment of your progress.
CLICK HERE TO BEGIN YOUR EVALUATION.
The next sessions will continue with regular classes.
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT PROFESSIONAL PROFILE!
Vocabulary:
Strategic:
Developed and executed strategic initiatives.
Provided strategic leadership in...
Innovative:
Spearheaded innovative solutions.
Introduced cutting-edge approaches.
Pioneered creative strategies.
Results-oriented:
Achieved measurable results.
Demonstrated a track record of success.
Drove results through effective...
Adaptable:
Adapted quickly to changing environments.
Thrived in dynamic and evolving settings.
Collaborative:
Fostered collaborative
relationships.
Worked seamlessly with cross-
functional teams.
Contributed to a collaborative
team culture.
Proactive:
Proactively identified and
addressed challenges.
Took initiative in...
Anticipated needs and acted
accordingly.
Effective Communicator:
Communicated complex ideas with clarity.
Developed and delivered impactful
presentations.
Facilitated open and transparent
communication.
Leadership:
Provided strong leadership in...
Led high-performing teams.
Inspired and motivated team members.
Analytical:
Applied analytical skills to solve problems.
Utilized data-driven insights to inform
decisions.
Detail-oriented:
Paid meticulous attention to detail.
Ensured accuracy in all tasks.
Customer-focused:
Maintained a customer-centric approach.
Responded promptly to customer needs.
Resourceful:
Demonstrated resourcefulness in...
Effectively utilized available resources.
Adaptable:
Adapted to new technologies and
methodologies.
Embraced change and innovation.
Organized:
Maintained a high level of organization.
Streamlined processes for efficiency.
Dependable:
Consistently delivered high-quality work.
Demonstrated reliability in meeting
deadlines.
Global Perspective:
Developed a global perspective in...
Worked effectively in diverse international environments.
Negotiation Skills:
Successfully negotiated agreements.
Resolved conflicts through effective negotiation.
Continuous Learner:
Committed to continuous learning and development.
Stayed abreast of industry trends and best practices.
Goal-oriented:
Set and achieved challenging goals.
Maintained a focus on goal attainment.
Ethical:
Upheld high ethical standards.
Acted with integrity in all professional interactions.
Let’s Talk!
What is your current professional role and the key responsibilities associated with it?
Can you provide a brief summary of your career progression, highlighting key
milestones?
What are your core skills and competencies?
How have you developed and honed these skills throughout your career?
What are some notable achievements in your career?
Can you quantify these achievements with specific metrics or outcomes?
Have you held leadership roles? If so, what were your responsibilities, and how did you
contribute to the success of your team or organization?
How do you approach collaboration with colleagues and teams?
Can you provide examples of effective communication strategies you've employed in a
professional setting?
Can you share a specific example of a challenging
problem you faced and how you addressed it?
How do you stay current in your field or industry?
Have you pursued any certifications, training, or
professional development opportunities?
Can you share instances where you've successfully
adapted to changes in your work environment or
industry?
How do you approach challenges and changes in your
professional life?
If applicable, how do you prioritize and address the
needs of customers or clients?
Can you share a situation where you provided
exceptional service or resolved a customer-related
challenge?
Talk about Professional Profile and get your opinion on the
conversation you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS37
CLASS 37
WISH & IF ONLY REVIEW
Explanation:
"Wish" is a verb that expresses a desire or regret about a present
or past situation that is not true or did not happen. It is commonly
used to express dissatisfaction with the current state of affairs.
Usage:
1. Present Unreal Situation:
I wish I had more free time. (This implies that the person
currently doesn't have enough free time, and they desire to
have more.)
2. Past Unreal Situation:
I wish I had studied harder for the exam. (This expresses regret
about not studying harder in the past.)
3. Expressing Desires:
I wish I could travel the world. (Expressing a desire or
aspiration.)
Wish:
If Only:
Explanation:
"If only" is a conjunction used to express a hypothetical or unreal
situation. It is similar to "wish" and is often used to convey a sense
of longing or regret.
Usage:
1. Present Unreal Situation:
If only I had a car. (Expressing a desire for something not
currently possessed.)
2. Past Unreal Situation:
If only I hadn't said that. (Expressing regret about something
said in the past.)
3. Expressing Regret or Longing:
If only I could go back in time. (Expressing a wish for a different
past.)
EXAMPLES
I wish I could speak fluent French. (Expressing a desire to
speak a language the person currently doesn't.)
If only I had known about the sale, I would have bought a
new laptop. (Expressing regret about not being aware of
the sale in the past.)
I wish it would stop raining. (Expressing a desire for the
current weather to change.)
If only she would forgive me. (Expressing a desire for
forgiveness in a hypothetical situation.)
Let's Practice
Imagine you have a time machine that allows you to go
back and change certain events in the world. Reflect on
both positive and negative aspects. Use "wish" and "if
only" to express your desires or regrets about these
hypothetical situations. Discuss how these changes
might have influenced your present and future.
Write a reflective essay on a decision or event in your life that you wish you could change.
Use "wish" and "if only" to express your feelings and thoughts about how this change might
have impacted your life. Reflect on the lessons learned and how your perspective has
evolved over time. Consider the potential positive outcomes and the personal growth that
could have resulted from a different choice.
Writing Prompt
Parte 37 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
"A Life Unwritten"
Narrator: Today, we havea special guest, Sarah Thompson, a successful author known
for her bestselling novels. Sarah, could you share with us a moment in your life that you
often find yourself wishing you could change?
Sarah Thompson: Certainly. There's a pivotal moment in my early twenties when I
declined a job offer to pursue a more conventional career. If only I had taken that
opportunity, I wonder how my life might have unfolded differently.
Narrator: Interesting. Can you elaborate on why you wish you had chosen differently?
Sarah Thompson: At the time, I was hesitant, afraid of the uncertainty that came with a
career in writing. I wish I had trusted my passion for storytelling more and embraced the
challenges that come with it. If only I had started my writing career earlier, perhaps I
would have a more extensive body of work by now.
How does Sarah describe the job offer she declined in her early
twenties?
What does Sarah express a wish for regarding her writing career?
In what ways does Sarah believe her novels might have been
different if she had chosen the job offer?
Can you relate to Sarah's hesitation and fear of uncertainty in
making significant life decisions? If so, how?
Reflect on a moment in your life when you wished you had made a
different choice. What was the situation, and what do you think
might have been different if you had chosen otherwise?
According to Sarah, what lessons has she learned from the
decision she made in her twenties?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
How does Sarah's experience influence her advice for aspiring writers?
Consider Sarah's perspective on her writing journey. Can you think of alternative paths she might have
taken, and how might they have shaped her differently?
The Unforgettable Journey
In the heart of the bustling city, Emily sat in her office, surrounded by stacks of paperwork. As she
glanced out the window, she couldn't help but reminisce about a moment in her past that she often
wished had taken a different turn.
Emily: If only I had followed my childhood dream of becoming a travel journalist, my life might
have been entirely different.
Emily's love for adventure and storytelling had ignited during her teenage years. She dreamt of
exploring exotic destinations, capturing the essence of different cultures, and sharing those
experiences through her writing. However, practicality prevailed, and she pursued a career in finance,
finding stability but never fully embracing her true passion.
Narrator: Years later, Emily stumbled upon an old journal from her youth, filled with sketches and
detailed descriptions of imaginary journeys. The memories flooded back, and she found herself
yearning for the road not taken.
Emily: I wish I had chosen a path aligned with my
passions. The monotony of corporate life pales in
comparison to the vibrant life I envisioned as a travel
journalist.
One day, Emily received an unexpected invitation to attend a
travel writing workshop. A chance to rediscover her dormant
passion emerged, and for a moment, it felt like fate had
handed her an opportunity to rewrite her story.
Narrator: The workshop rekindled Emily's love for
storytelling and exploration. However, the responsibilities
of her current life held her back, and the dream of a
career change seemed elusive.
Emily: If only I could turn back time, I would have seized
that chance without hesitation. The workshop was a
glimpse into the life I could have had.
Despite the bittersweet realization, Emily decided to incorporate
her love for travel into her current life. She began writing travel
articles during her vacation time, immersing herself in the
experiences she had always longed for.
Narrator: Today, Emily's office is adorned with photographs
and souvenirs from her adventures. While her path may not
have been a straight line, Emily found a way to infuse her life
with the richness of her passions.
Emily: I may not have become a full-time travel journalist,
but I've learned that it's never too late to pursue what you
love. I've woven the spirit of exploration into the fabric of my
existence, and that, in itself, is a journey worth taking.
Questions
According to Emily, what childhood dream did she have that she
wishes she had pursued?
How does Emily describe her current career in contrast to the life she
envisioned as a travel journalist?
Identify instances in the text where Emily uses the expressions "wish"
and "if only." How do these expressions contribute to the overall tone
and meaning of her reflections?
What event serves as a turning point in Emily's life, prompting her to
reevaluate her passion for travel journalism?
In what ways did the travel writing workshop impact Emily's
perspective on her own life and aspirations?
Discuss how Emily manages to incorporate her passion for travel
into her current life. What steps does she take to stay connected to
her dreams while fulfilling her responsibilities?
What broader life lessons can be derived from Emily's story? How
does her journey reflect the idea that it's never too late to pursue
one's passions?
Can you relate to Emily's story on a personal level? Have you ever
found yourself wishing you had pursued a different path or passion?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS38
CLASS 38
CONDITIONALS: 0, 1ST AND 2ND
Zero Conditional
The 0th conditional, sometimes called the "zero
conditional," is used to express general truths, scientific
facts, or things that are always true. It typically follows
the structure:
"if + present simple, present simple."
Usage:
Describing universal truths or facts.
Example:
If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
The 2nd conditional, or "second conditional," is used to talk about unreal or unlikely
situations in the present or future. It follows the structure:
"if + past simple, would + base verb."
Usage:
Expressing hypothetical or imaginary situations.
Example:
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
Second Conditional
First Conditional
The 1st conditional, also known as the "first
conditional," is used to talk about future situations
that are likely to happen or are possible. It follows
the structure:
"if + present simple, will + base verb."
Usage:
Expressing possible future events based on a
certain condition.
Example:
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors.
Dear Mark,
I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to discuss our upcoming project and share some thoughts
on how we can make it even more successful. As you know, proper planning is crucial, and if we 1
(start) the preparations early, we 2 (avoid) unnecessary stress later on.
One key aspect to consider is the budget. If we 3 (allocate) the resources wisely, we 4 (not, face)
financial constraints in the middle of the project. Additionally, if we 5 (negotiate) with our suppliers in
advance, we 6 (secure) better deals, which would significantly impact the overall cost.
Communication is another critical factor. If we 7 (establish) clear communication channels from the
beginning, we 8 (prevent) misunderstandings and ensure that everyone is on the same page. Regular
updates and meetings will be essential to track progress, and if we 9 (schedule) these in advance, we
10 (maintain) a smooth workflow.
I believe that if we 11 (address) these issues early on, our project 12 (run) seamlessly, and we 13
(achieve) the desired outcomes. I look forward to discussing these ideas further during our meeting
next week.
Questions
What does the writer emphasize as crucial in the email?
a) Proper communication b) Proper planning c) Negotiation
skills d) Regular updates
According to the text, what can be avoided by starting the
preparations early?
a) Budget constraints b) Financial stress c) Misunderstandings
d) Supplier negotiations
What is mentioned as a key aspect regarding the budget?
a) Secure better deals b) Allocate resources wisely c) Establish
clear communication d) Schedule regular updates
What is considered essential for tracking progress in the
project?
a) Negotiating with suppliersb) Establishing clear
communication channels c) Scheduling regular updates and
meetings d) Running the project seamlessly
What does the writer express confidence in achieving?
a) Financial constraints b) Smooth workflow c) Desired
outcomes d) Clear communication channels
Let's Practice
Imagine you have the opportunity to travel back in time and meet a
historical figure of your choice. Using the second conditional, discuss the
following aspects:
Who would you choose to meet?
Provide the name of the historical figure and a brief description of why
you find them interesting.
Where and when would you meet them?
Specify the location and the historical period you would like to visit to
meet this person.
What would you ask or talk about during your meeting?
Consider the questions you would ask or the topics you would discuss
with the historical figure.
How do you think this meeting might influence your perspective or
understanding of history?
Share your thoughts on how interacting with this historical figure could
impact your views on their era or certain events.
A new technology is about to be invented, and it will have a profound impact on people's lives. In the
first conditional, discuss the following aspects:
Describe the new technology.
What is it called, and what does it do? How does it differ from existing technologies?
If this technology becomes widely available, how would it change your daily life?
Consider aspects such as work, communication, leisure, and any other relevant areas.
How might this technology affect society at large?
Think about potential positive and negative consequences for individuals and communities.
If you had the opportunity to be involved in the development or implementation of this
technology, what role would you choose and why?
Reflect on how you might contribute to the advancement or responsible use of this technology.
Writing Prompt
Use conditionals to describe the pictures:
Parte 38 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"The Laws of Physics Unveiled"
Podcast Host (PH): Welcome, everyone, to another episode of "The Laws of Physics Unveiled." Today, we delve into the fascinating world of
fundamental scientific principles. Joining us is Dr. Emily Stevens, a renowned physicist and researcher. Welcome, Dr. Stevens!
1.
Dr. Stevens (DS): Thank you for having me, it's a pleasure to be here.2.
PH: Today, we're discussing the zero conditional – the realm of absolute truths in the scientific world. Dr. Stevens, can you explain to our
listeners what the zero conditional represents in physics?
DS: Absolutely. The zero conditional is like the bedrock of scientific principles. It deals with facts that are universally true and constant. For
instance, if you expose water to temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, it freezes. This is a fundamental truth governed by the laws of
thermodynamics.
PH: So, the zero conditional is about stating facts that are always true under specific conditions?
DS: Precisely. Take another example: if you combine two hydrogen atoms with one oxygen atom, you always get a water molecule. It's a
fundamental chemical reaction that obeys the laws of chemistry.
PH: Fascinating. Can you share an example from your own research where the zero conditional plays a crucial role?
DS: Certainly. In my work on gravitational forces, I often rely on the fact that if you drop an object, it falls due to gravity. This is a universal truth
– a constant force acting on all objects near the Earth's surface.
PH: It's incredible how these principles shape our understanding of the world. Any final thoughts for our listeners on the importance of the
zero conditional in science?
DS: The zero conditional forms the foundation of scientific knowledge. It provides us with the certainty needed to build complex theories and
make predictions about the natural world. Without it, the scientific landscape would be uncertain and unpredictable.
PH: Dr. Stevens, thank you for shedding light on the zero conditional and its significance in the world of physics. And to our listeners, thank you
for joining us on this enlightening episode of "The Laws of Physics Unveiled." Stay curious, and until next time!
What is the zero conditional in the context of physics?
Can you provide an example mentioned in the podcast that
illustrates the zero conditional?
How does Dr. Emily Stevens describe the role of the zero
conditional in scientific principles?
According to Dr. Stevens, what is a fundamental truth governed by
the laws of thermodynamics mentioned in the podcast?
In the podcast, what chemical reaction is given as an example of
the zero conditional?
What aspect of physics does Dr. Stevens refer to when discussing
her research and the zero conditional?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
How does the host characterize the zero conditional in relation to stating facts in the scientific world?
According to Dr. Stevens, what would be the scientific landscape without the zero conditional?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS39
CLASS 39
CONDITIONALS: 0, 1ST AND 2ND PRACTICE
Parte 39 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
In the world of scientific innovation, there's a visionary scientist named Dr. Alexandra Miller. If you ask her
about her success, she'll tell you that it all started with a zero conditional realization: if you follow your
passion relentlessly, you uncover breakthroughs that shape the future.
Dr. Miller's journey began with a love for astronomy. As a child, she gazed at the stars with wonder,
dreaming of exploring the cosmos. If her parents hadn't encouraged her curiosity, she might have
pursued a different path.
Fast forward to her college years. Driven by her fascination with the universe, Dr. Miller immersed herself
in astrophysics. If she hadn't chosen this field, she might not have stumbled upon a unique
phenomenon during her research.
One day, while analyzing data from a telescope, Dr. Miller discovered a previously unknown celestial
event. If she hadn't been in the right place at the right time, this groundbreaking observation might
have eluded her.
The significance of Dr. Miller's finding was immense. If her colleagues hadn't recognized the importance
of her discovery, it wouldn't have led to a series of experiments that expanded our understanding of the
cosmos.
Reflecting on her journey, Dr. Miller acknowledges that if she hadn't embraced her childhood passion for
astronomy and pursued it fervently, she wouldn't be the scientific innovator she is today.
Text
Listening Comprehension Questions:
What does Dr. Alexandra Miller attribute her
success to, according to the text?
a) Her parents' encouragement
b) Following her passion relentlessly
c) Choosing astrophysics in college
d) Stumbling upon a unique phenomenon
In Dr. Miller's childhood, what is described as
a zero conditional realization?
a) Encouraging curiosity
b) Dreaming of exploring the cosmos
c) Following one's passion
d) Gazing at the stars with wonder
According to the text, what might have
happened if Dr. Miller hadn't chosen astrophysics
during her college years?
a) She might have become a different kind of
scientist.
b) She might not have discovered a celestial
event.
c) She might not have been in the right place at
the right time.
d) She might have pursued a different passion.
What led to Dr. Miller's groundbreaking
observation of a celestial event?
a) Encouragement from her parents
b) Choosing astrophysics in college
c) Stumbling upon it by chance
d) Analyzing data from a telescope
What does the text suggest about Dr. Miller's
colleagues?
a) They recognized the importance of her
discovery.
b) They discouraged her from pursuing
astrophysics.
c) They were not supportive of her
experiments.
d) They dismissed her childhood passion.
What is the overarching message of Dr. Miller's
journey, as mentioned in the text?
a) Embracing childhood passions leads to
success.
b) Scientific breakthroughs happen by chance.c) Following your passion is not always rewarding.
d) Encouragement from colleagues is essential.
Listening Comprehension Questions:
Homework Time! 
Lesson 33
Howdy! Well to be honest, we really
want to see you more often. So,
why don’t you make us a very short
video describing some nice story
that happened to you? It can be
anything. And try to use a bit of
what you’ve learned on the
Narrative Tenses, won’t you?
Let's Practice
"Dream Vacation Dilemmas"
You have the opportunity to plan your dream vacation. Using mixed conditionals,
discuss the following aspects:
If you could go anywhere in the world (0 conditional), where would you choose to go
and why? (1st conditional)
Describe the destination and explain why it's your dream vacation spot.
If you were given the chance to travel with any historical figure (2nd conditional),
who would you choose and what activities would you do together during the trip?
(1st conditional)
Consider the historical figure's interests and how they might enhance your travel
experience.
If you could magically change the weather during your dream vacation (2nd
conditional), what type of weather would you choose and how would it impact your
activities? (1st conditional)
Think about how weather conditions might influence your preferences for outdoor
or indoor activities.
If you had the option to extend your dream vacation by one week (2nd conditional),
what additional places or experiences would you explore? (1st conditional)
Plan the extra week of your dream vacation, considering new destinations or
activities.
"The Quest for the Golden Banana"
Once upon a time in the zany land of Fruitopia, a mischievous monkey named Milo lived. Milo, known
for his love of bananas, heard a legendary tale about the elusive Golden Banana hidden deep within
the Enchanted Jungle.
One day, fueled by curiosity and a craving for adventure, Milo decided to embark on a quest to find
the Golden Banana. If he discovered it, rumor had it that he would gain the power to talk to all the
animals in Fruitopia.
As Milo swung through the vine-filled jungles and bounced on trampoline mushrooms, he
encountered quirky characters like Polly the chatty parrot and Benny the banana-loving bear. If Milo
helped them with their fruity dilemmas, they offered cryptic clues about the Golden Banana's
whereabouts.
If Milo faced a series of challenges, like the Ticklish Tangerine Bridge and the Grape Slime Swamp, and
successfully navigated these obstacles, he would get one step closer to the Golden Banana.
Deep in the heart of the Enchanted Jungle, Milo stumbled upon the Banana Bandits, a mischievous
gang of monkeys guarding the entrance to the Banana Caves. If he outsmarted them in a dance-
off, they would reluctantly reveal the secret path to the Golden Banana.
As Milo reached the Banana Caves, he encountered a riddle-throwing pineapple named Riddley. If
Milo solved Riddley's tricky riddles, the entrance to the legendary chamber of the Golden Banana
would swing open.
Finally, after much laughter, dance-offs, and riddles, Milo laid eyes on the shimmering Golden
Banana. If he touched it, he would indeed gain the magical ability to talk to all the animals in
Fruitopia.
When Milo returned to his treetop home with the Golden Banana, he shared tales of his adventures
with his friends. If anyone doubted the existence of the Golden Banana, Milo simply whispered to
the banana, and it squealed, confirming the magic was real.
Questions
In the story, what would happen if Milo discovered the Golden Banana?
a) He would gain the ability to fly.
b) He would become invisible.
c) He would talk to all the animals in Fruitopia.
What does Milo gain by helping Polly the chatty parrot and Benny the banana-loving bear?
a) Clues about the Golden Banana's location.
b) A magical map to other lands.
c) A treasure chest filled with gold coins.
If Milo successfully navigated the challenges like the Ticklish Tangerine Bridge, what would happen?
a) He would turn into a giant banana.
b) He would get closer to the Golden Banana.
c) He would lose his ability to talk.
What did the Banana Bandits promise if Milo outsmarted them in a dance-off?
a) They would reveal the location of the Grape Slime Swamp.
b) They would reluctantly reveal the secret path to the Golden Banana.
c) They would steal Milo's bananas.
What did the Banana Bandits promise if Milo outsmarted them in a dance-off?
a) They would reveal the location of the Grape Slime Swamp.
b) They would reluctantly reveal the secret path to the Golden Banana.
c) They would steal Milo's bananas.
If Milo solved Riddley's tricky riddles, what would happen?
a) The entrance to the legendary chamber of the Golden Banana would open.
b) Riddley would turn into a golden pineapple.
c) Milo would lose his way in the Banana Caves.
What would happen if Milo touched the Golden Banana?
a) He would lose his ability to talk.
b) He would gain the magical ability to talk to all the animals in Fruitopia.
c) The Golden Banana would disappear.
What confirmation did Milo get about the existence of the Golden Banana?
a) It started glowing brightly.
b) Polly the parrot whispered to him.
c) Milo whispered to the banana, and it squealed.
Questions
"The Life-Changing Decision"
You find yourself at a crossroads in life, faced with a pivotal decision that could shape your future.
Using mixed conditionals, craft a reflective narrative that explores the following aspects:
If you had the opportunity to change one decision from your past (2nd conditional), which
decision would it be, and how might your life be different today? (1st conditional)
Reflect on the impact of that decision on your current circumstances and the alternative path
you might have taken.
If you were given a glimpse of your future self (2nd conditional), what achievements or
challenges do you hope to see, and how might your present choices contribute to that future? (1st
conditional)
Envision specific scenarios that align with your aspirations and consider the steps you could take
to make them a reality.
Writing Prompt
If you were to pursue a new skill or hobby (0 conditional),
what would it be, and how might it enhance your personal
and professional life? (1st conditional)
Detail the reasons behind your choice and the potential
positive effects on various aspects of your life.
If you were to make a bold career change (2nd conditional),
describe the new career path you would pursue and the
steps you would take to transition successfully. (1st
conditional)
Consider the challenges and rewards of this change and
how it aligns with your passions and long-term goals.
Are you familiar with the butterfly effect
theory? Well, maybe one decision we
did not make or something we’ve just
decided to do may interfere a lot in our
lives and others as well. Think about a
life-changing decision you’ve made.
Now think what would the
consequences of that be if you hadn’t
taken that particular decision. Prepare a
speaking in a detail-oriented way to talk
about it using the conditionals you’ve
learned!
Homework Time! 
Lesson 39
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS40
CLASS 40
4 AREAS
Use of English Exercise:
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Be mindful of
word transformation, including prefixes, suffixes, or changes in word class. Write your answers
in the spaces provided.
The conference provided a platform for experts
to __________ their insights on the latest
advancements in technology. (SHARE)
The organization's commitment to social
__________ is reflected in its various
community outreach programs. (RESPONSE)
The artist's work is known for its unique blend of
traditional and __________ elements.
(MODERN)
The success of the initiative __________
heavily on the collaboration of different
departments. (DEPEND)
The government has implemented new
policies to __________ the impact of
climate change. (MINIMIZE)
The project team faced numerous
challenges, but their __________ was
evident in theirsuccessful completion of the
task. (DETERMINED)
The author's latest novel explores the
__________ of human emotions in a
thought-provoking way. (COMPLEX)
It is essential for students to develop strong
critical __________ skills to excel in
academic pursuits. (THINK)
Speaking Prompt:
"Tell me about two significant experiences or challenges in
your life that have had a profound impact on your personal
growth. Reflect on how these experiences shaped your
character, influenced your perspectives, and contributed to
the person you are today. Consider both positive and
challenging moments, and discuss the lessons you learned
from each."
Let's Practice
"The Joys of Outdoor Hobbies"
Instructions:
In your essay, explore the pleasures and benefits of engaging in outdoor hobbies. Share personal
experiences or observations and discuss how these activities contribute to personal well-being. Pay
attention to the organization of your ideas, use appropriate language, and develop a coherent
argument. Aim for an engaging and insightful discussion.
Guidelines:
Introduction (Approx. 50 words):
Clearly introduce the topic of outdoor hobbies and express the positive impact they can have on
individuals.
Writing Prompt
Body Paragraphs (Approx. 150 words each):
Paragraph 1: Explore the physical and mental health benefits of outdoor hobbies.
Paragraph 2: Discuss the sense of community and connection that can arise from
participating in outdoor activities.
1. Counter-argument (Approx. 100 words):
Anticipate potential challenges or counter-arguments related to outdoor hobbies and
provide a brief response.
2. Conclusion (Approx. 50 words):
Summarize the joys and advantages of outdoor hobbies, emphasizing their positive
influence on personal well-being.
Evaluation Criteria:
Organization: Clear introduction, well-structured body
paragraphs, and a concise conclusion.
Content: Thorough exploration of the pleasures and benefits
of outdoor hobbies, supported by personal experiences or
observations.
Language Use: Varied and appropriate vocabulary,
grammatically correct sentences, and effective use of
transitions.
Coherence: Logical flow of ideas, with a clear progression
from one point to the next.
Insightfulness: Thoughtful analysis and consideration of the
topic.
Word Limit:
Approximately 400-500 words.
Parte 40 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
What is the main idea of the discussion on the importance of
bees?
Provide three specific details mentioned in the discussion that
highlight the role of bees in the ecosystem.
Explain what colony collapse disorder is and mention at least one
contributing factor discussed in the audio.
According to Alex, as a beekeeper, what environmental changes
have been observed to impact bee populations?
How does Dr. Sarah Mitchell perceive the current efforts towards
bee conservation, and what additional actions does she suggest?
According to Mr. Alex Nguyen, how can individuals contribute to
bee conservation in their daily lives?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
In the context of the discussion, how do Dr. Sarah Mitchell and Mr. Alex Nguyen 
believe their diverse backgrounds contribute to the global conversation on bee
conservation?
Lebanese Chinese Italian Brazilian Philippines
Reflect on your own gastronomic preferences. Mention your favorite types of food
and how your cultural background might influence your culinary tastes.
Consider any foods in the image that you are particularly drawn to or curious
about trying.
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT LEADERSHIP!
Vocabulary:
Visionary:
Definition: Having the ability to think about or plan
the future with imagination or wisdom.
Charismatic:
Definition: Exercising a compelling charm that
inspires devotion in others.
Inspirational:
Definition: Providing motivation or stimulation to
the intellect or emotions.
Empathetic:
Definition: Understanding and sharing the
feelings of others.
Decisive:
Definition: Having the ability to make decisions
quickly and effectively.
Strategic:
Definition: Relating to the identification
of long-term goals and the means of
achieving them.
Adaptive:
Definition: Capable of adjusting to new
or changing conditions.
Resilient:
Definition: Able to withstand or recover
quickly from difficult conditions.
Accountable:
Definition: Taking responsibility for
one's actions and decisions.
Inclusive:
Definition: Including or covering all individuals or elements without discrimination.
Collaborative:
Definition: Involving the cooperative efforts of a group.
Credible:
Definition: Able to be believed or trusted.
Ethical:
Definition: Adhering to moral principles and values.
Servant Leadership:
Definition: A leadership style that emphasizes serving and supporting others to help
them grow and succeed.
Strategic Thinker:
Definition: Someone who can analyze situations and make well-thought-out
decisions to achieve long-term goals.
Effective Communicator:
Definition: Capable of expressing ideas and information clearly and persuasively.
Team Builder:
Definition: A leader who focuses on creating and maintaining a cohesive 
and high-performing team.
Innovative:
Definition: Introducing new ideas, methods, or products.
Accountability:
Definition: The expectation of taking responsibility for one's actions and decisions.
Courageous:
Definition: Willing to confront challenges and difficulties with bravery.
Authentic:
Definition: Genuine and true to one's own values and principles.
Responsible:
Definition: Having an obligation to do something, and being accountable for the outcomes.
Strive for Excellence:
Definition: Pursuing the highest standards and continuous improvement.
Adaptive Leadership:
Definition: Adjusting leadership style and strategies based on the evolving needs of the
organization.
Respectful:
Definition: Treating others with politeness and consideration.
Let’s Talk!
What does leadership mean to you? How would you define it?
Can you describe a leader who has had a significant impact on your life or career? What
qualities did they possess that made them effective?
In your opinion, what distinguishes a good leader from a great one?
How do you handle challenging situations or conflicts as a leader? Can you share an example
from your experience?
What leadership style do you believe is most effective, and why?
How do you inspire and motivate your team members to achieve their best work?
In what ways do you promote a culture of trust and open communication within your team or
organization?
How do you approach decision-making in a leadership role? Are there specific principles or
methods you follow?
Can you discuss a time when you had to lead a team through a period of change or
uncertainty? What strategies did you employ?
What role does empathy play in effective leadership? Can you share an example of when your
empathy positively impacted a situation?
How do you foster innovation and creativity within your team or organization?
What steps do you take to continue your own professional development as a leader?
How do you balance being assertive and receptive as a leader, especially when receiving
feedback or differing opinions?
In your experience, how important is it for a leader to have a clear vision for the future? How do
you communicate and align others with that vision?
Let’s Talk!
Talk about Leadership and get your opinion on the conversation
you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS41
CLASS 41
MODALS IN THE PAST 3
Let's Practice
Describe your dream job in vivid detail. What does a typical
day look like in this ideal role? Explore the aspects that make it
fulfilling and satisfying for you. Consider the environment, the
tasks you perform, the people you interact with, and any
unique or exciting challenges that come with the job. Share
your passion for thisdream job and explain why it aligns
perfectly with your skills, interests, and long-term career
goals.
Parte 41 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
Securing a successful job interview is a crucial step towards landing your dream job. Mastering the art of expressing yourself effectively in English,
especially using modals in the past, can significantly enhance your chances. Here are ten indispensable tips to help you ace your next job interview.
Must-have Preparation: Before the interview, you must have researched the company thoroughly. You should have known about their values,
goals, and recent achievements.
1.
Example: I must have researched the company's background and achievements to demonstrate my interest during the interview.
Could Showcase Your Skills: Highlight your skills and experiences in a way that demonstrates their relevance to the position.1.
Example: I could confidently showcase my problem-solving skills by discussing a challenging project I completed in my previous role.
Should Demonstrate Confidence: While it's natural to feel nervous, you should appear confident. Maintain eye contact and speak clearly.1.
Example: I should have demonstrated confidence through my body language and articulate responses.
Might Share Success Stories: Share specific success stories from your past experiences to illustrate your abilities and achievements.1.
Example: I might have shared a success story that demonstrated my leadership skills and ability to achieve goals.
Ought to Express Enthusiasm: Express your enthusiasm for the role and the company. Employers appreciate candidates who are genuinely
interested.
1.
Example: I ought to have expressed my enthusiasm for the position and demonstrated my alignment with the company's values.
Had Better Dress Appropriately: Dress professionally and appropriately for the industry. Your appearance is often the first impression you make.1.
Example: I had better dressed in professional attire to make a positive first impression on the interviewers.
Would Benefit from Mock Interviews: Conduct mock interviews with a friend or mentor to practice answering common questions and receive
constructive feedback.
1.
Example: I would have benefited from mock interviews to refine my responses and improve my overall interview performance.
Could Have Asked Thoughtful Questions: Prepare thoughtful questions to ask the interviewer about the company culture, team dynamics, and
expectations.
1.
Example: I could have asked insightful questions about the company's future plans and how my role would contribute to them.
Should Have Followed Up: Send a thank-you email expressing gratitude for the opportunity and reiterating your interest in the position.1.
Example: I should have followed up with a thank-you email to express my appreciation for the interview and restate my enthusiasm for the role.
Might Have Negotiated Wisely: If the opportunity arises, negotiate your salary and benefits confidently, keeping in mind industry standards.1.
Example: I might have negotiated my salary and benefits more effectively, considering my skills and the industry standards.
Why is thorough research about the company considered a
"must-have" before a job interview?
Can you provide an example of how effective research could be
used to demonstrate interest during an interview?
Can you think of a personal example where showcasing skills
played a crucial role in a job interview?
Why is it important for a candidate to appear confident during a
job interview?
In what ways can sharing success stories from past experiences
enhance a candidate's chances in a job interview?
Can you provide an example of a success story that might
impress interviewers?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Why is expressing genuine enthusiasm for the role and the company considered essential?
How might a candidate's appearance influence the interviewer's perception?
Why is it important for a candidate to ask thoughtful questions during a job interview?
Can you think of a specific type of question that would demonstrate a candidate's genuine interest in
the company?
According to the text, why is sending a follow-up thank-you email considered a "should-have" after a
job interview?
How might a well-crafted follow-up email impact the interviewer's perception of the candidate?
How can effective negotiation skills contribute to a candidate's success in securing a job offer?
Can you think of a situation where negotiation skills might play a crucial role in a job interview?
Write about the funniest and most unexpected situation that unfolded in a workplace. Explore
the characters involved, the setting, and the chain of events that led to uproarious laughter.
Consider how the humor affected the dynamics of the workplace and whether it resulted in any
long-lasting consequences or inside jokes among the colleagues. Feel free to exaggerate the
comedic elements for added amusement.
Writing Prompt
Some of the jobs you could’ve had
Professional Sleeper: Some hotels and mattress companies hire people to test the comfort of
their beds. These individuals spend their days and nights sleeping and providing feedback on
the mattresses.
Professional Snuggler: In certain places, there are businesses that offer professional cuddling
services. People pay to have someone cuddle with them for companionship or relaxation.
Odor Judge: Certain companies hire people to evaluate the effectiveness of deodorants and
antiperspirants by sniffing the armpits of volunteers before and after product application.
Pet Food Tester: Before pet food reaches the shelves, it's often tested by human tasters to
ensure its quality. These individuals sample the pet food to evaluate its taste and quality.
Professional Mourner: In some cultures, it's common to hire mourners to attend funerals and
express grief, even if they didn't know the deceased. This is believed to enhance the
atmosphere of sorrow.
Gumologist: Some chewing gum companies employ experts to evaluate the taste, texture, and
flavor longevity of their products.
Dice Inspector: In casinos, there are professionals whose job
is to inspect and ensure the fairness of dice used in various
games.
Water Slide Tester: Amusement parks may hire individuals to
test water slides for safety and fun factor. This job involves
riding down water slides repeatedly.
Chicken Sexer: In the poultry industry, chicken sexers are
trained to determine the gender of chicks. This is crucial for
separating male and female chicks for different purposes.
Face Feeler: Cosmetic companies may employ individuals to
evaluate the texture and effectiveness of skincare products by
feeling the faces of volunteers.
Professional Mermaid: Some individuals make a living by
dressing up as mermaids and performing at events or in
aquariums.
Ice Cream Taster: Similar to other food testers, ice cream
tasters evaluate various flavors and textures of ice cream to
ensure quality.
Questions
Would you like to be a professional sleeper?
Why?
How do professional sleepers contribute to
improving mattresses?
Why do people pay for professional cuddling
services?
What was the most different job you’ve had?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS42
CLASS 42
VOCABULARY CLASS
Let's Practice
"The Best Singer in the World”
In the vast and diverse world of music, the question of who
deserves the title of "the best singer in the world" is subjective
and open to interpretation. This speaking prompt encourages
participants to express their opinions, justify their choices, and
engage in a discussion about what qualities make a singer
exceptional.
Parte 42 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"The Quest for Excellence: Exploring the Best in Various Fields"
In the pursuit of excellence, individuals and societies alike have consistently sought to identify and celebrate the best in
various domains. This relentless quest has given rise to exceptional achievements and innovationsacross different fields.
This reading explores the concept of "the best" in diverse contexts.
Reading Passage:
1. The Pinnacle of Culinary Excellence: Gourmet cuisine has long been associated with the pursuit of gastronomic perfection.
Renowned chefs, driven by a passion for their craft, strive to create dishes that epitomize the finest in taste, presentation, and
innovation. The relentless pursuit of the best flavors and culinary techniques has elevated certain restaurants to iconic
status, shaping the world's perception of fine dining.
2. Athletic Prowess and Records: In the realm of sports, the quest for excellence is epitomized by athletes who push the
boundaries of human capability. From the fastest sprinters to the highest-scoring goalkeepers, records are shattered as
individuals and teams strive to be the best in their respective disciplines. This section explores the dedication, training, and
sacrifices that underpin the pursuit of sporting greatness.
3. The Epitome of Artistic Mastery: Artistic expression, whether in painting, music, or literature, often seeks to reach the
pinnacle of creative achievement. The reading delves into the works of iconic artists, musicians, and writers whose
contributions are considered the best in their genres. The exploration extends to the enduring impact these creations have
had on the cultural landscape.
4. Technological Innovations: In the rapidly evolving world of technology, the quest for the best is manifested in
groundbreaking innovations. From cutting-edge smartphones to revolutionary advancements in artificial intelligence, this
section examines how technological excellence shapes our daily lives and redefines the standards for what is considered the
best in the realm of innovation.
Common Threads of Excellence: Identify common characteristics
that unite the pursuit of excellence across culinary arts, sports,
artistic endeavors, and technology.
Balancing Tradition and Innovation: Discuss how the definition of
"the best" evolves over time, considering the balance between
traditional standards and the need for innovation in various fields.
Individual vs. Collective Excellence: Explore whether the quest for
excellence is more prominently associated with individual
achievements or collective efforts, using examples from the
realms of sports, arts, and technology.
Cultural Perspectives on Excellence: Analyze how different
cultures define and celebrate excellence, considering cultural
influences on culinary preferences, artistic expression, and
technological priorities.
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Ethical Considerations: Examine potential ethical dilemmas in the pursuit of being
"the best" in different fields, addressing issues such as performance-enhancing
substances in sports or ethical considerations in culinary practices.
"The Culinary Masterpiece"
Describe in detail the best food you've ever eaten. Take your readers on a sensory journey, using
vivid language to convey the flavors, textures, and overall experience. Consider not only the physical
aspects of the food but also the context, emotions, and memories associated with this culinary
masterpiece.
Guiding Questions:
1. Introduction: Setting the Scene
Where and when did you experience this exceptional food?
What led you to try it, and what were your initial expectations?
2. Flavors and Aromas: Sensory Delight
Describe the flavors and aromas that immediately captivated your senses.
How did the combination of ingredients contribute to the overall taste?
Writing Prompt
3. Texture and Presentation: Culinary Artistry
Explore the texture of the food. Was it crispy, tender, creamy, or a delightful blend of
textures?
Reflect on the presentation. How did the visual appeal enhance your anticipation?
4. Emotional Impact: A Journey of Pleasure
Delve into the emotions evoked by each bite. Did the food elicit feelings of nostalgia,
comfort, or surprise?
How did the experience of eating this particular dish affect your mood and overall well-
being?
5. Memories and Context: The Surrounding Atmosphere
Share any memories associated with the moment. Was it a special occasion or a
spontaneous discovery?
Consider the environment and atmosphere. How did the setting enhance your
appreciation of the food?
6. Comparisons and Contrasts: What Sets It Apart
Compare this culinary experience to other foods you've
tried. What makes it stand out?
Are there any specific ingredients, techniques, or cultural
influences that contribute to its uniqueness?
7. Reflection and Long-lasting Impression
Reflect on the lasting impression this food has had on your
culinary preferences.
Do you find yourself seeking similar flavors or attempting to
recreate the dish?
8. Conclusion: Summing Up the Culinary Journey
Conclude by summarizing the essence of this culinary
masterpiece.
Express whether this food has become a benchmark for
your future gastronomic adventures.
"Elvis Presley: The King of Rock's Iconic Journey"
Elvis Presley, born on January 8, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, embarked on a musical journey that
would redefine the landscape of popular music. His early exposure to gospel, blues, and country
laid the foundation for a unique sound that would catapult him into the title of the "King of Rock."
In 1954, Elvis's rendition of "That's All Right" at Sun Studio in Memphis marked the birth of rock and
roll. His fusion of energetic stage presence, soulful vocals, and rebellious charm resonated with a
generation hungry for a new sound. Hits like "Hound Dog" and "Jailhouse Rock" solidified his status
as a cultural icon, breaking barriers in an era marked by racial and musical segregation.
Elvis's impact wasn't confined to music; he made a
significant mark on cinema with movies like "Love Me
Tender" and "Blue Hawaii." His influence expanded
globally, earning him fans across continents.
However, Elvis's career was not without challenges. His
stint in the army, the cultural shifts of the '60s, and
personal struggles added complexity to his narrative.
Despite this, he continued to evolve his sound,
incorporating elements of country, gospel, and rhythm
and blues.
Tragically, Elvis Presley passed away on August 16, 1977, at
the age of 42. Yet, his legacy endures through his timeless
music, and Graceland, his Memphis mansion, remains a
pilgrimage site for fans worldwide.
Questions
Musical Evolution: How did Elvis Presley's early exposure to gospel, blues,
and country contribute to the development of his unique sound in rock
and roll?
Cultural Impact: In what ways did Elvis Presley break cultural and musical
barriers during an era marked by segregation and social upheaval?
Cinematic Influence: Discuss the influence of Elvis Presley's movies on his
career and the broader entertainment industry. How did his ventures into
acting contribute to his iconic status?
Global Reach: Explore the factors that contributed to Elvis's global
popularity. How did his music resonate with audiences worldwide?
Challenges and Evolution: How did Elvis navigate challenges such as his
army service, cultural shifts in the '60s, and personal struggles? In what
ways did these challenges shape his musical evolution?
Legacy and Enduring Appeal: Why do you think Elvis Presley's music
continues to endure, appealing to new generations? What elements of his
music and persona have a timeless quality?
Memphis and Graceland: Graceland is a pilgrimage site for Elvis fans.
How does the preservation of his home contribute to the continuation of
his legacy?
Cultural Appropriation Debate: Elvis faced criticism for appropriating
African American musical styles. How does this debate impact our
understanding of his contributions to music history?
What is the “best case scenario” place for
you to live, when you retire? Why?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS43
CLASS 43
THIRD CONDITIONAL
The third conditional is a grammatical structure used to talk about a
situation in the past that did not happen. It is often used to express
regrets, hypotheticalsituations, or to imagine different outcomes of
past events. The structure of the third conditional typically involves the
past perfect tense in both clauses.
Structure:
If + past perfect (had + past participle), would have + past participle
Third Conditional:
Usage:
Unreal Past Condition:1.
Expressing a condition in the past that did not occur.
Regrets:2.
Expressing regret about a past event and imagining
a different outcome.
Examples:
If she had studied harder, she would have passed the
exam.
1.
If I had known you were in town, I would have invited you
to the party.
2.
They would have caught the train if they had left on
time.
3.
Let's Practice
Discuss Regrets: Talk about a decision you made in the
past that you regret. Use the third conditional to explain
how a different choice could have led to a better outcome.
Compose a short story that revolves around a key moment in the past. Use the third
conditional to explore an alternative outcome, emphasizing the impact of different choices
on the characters' lives.
Writing Prompt
Use the third conditional to describe
the pictures:
Parte 43 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"A World of What Ifs: The Alternate Reality of 9/11"
Imagine a parallel universe where historical events took a different turn. What if the tragic events of September 11, 2001,
had unfolded differently? Let's explore this alternate reality and consider the impact on the course of history.
The Twin Towers In this alternate reality, if the intelligence agencies had received and acted upon the specific warnings
about the impending attacks, the Twin Towers might still stand tall today. If the terrorists had been apprehended before
executing their plans, the skyline of New York City would be unchanged.
The Global Response Had the attacks been thwarted, the subsequent global response might have been markedly
different. Countries might not have united against terrorism with the same urgency and determination. If the tragic loss of
life on that fateful day had been averted, the world might have witnessed a less intense focus on international security.
Political Landscape Consider the political landscape – if the aftermath of 9/11 had not given rise to the War on Terror,
political dynamics across the globe would be vastly altered. If certain decisions had been made differently, military
interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq might not have occurred. The ripple effect on geopolitics could have been
profound.
Security Measures In an alternate reality where 9/11 did not happen, security measures at airports and public spaces
might not be as stringent. If the aviation industry had not undergone a major overhaul in response to the attacks, our
approach to travel and safety could be drastically different today.
If the attacks had been averted, the collective trauma and fear that permeated society might never have materialized. If
the narratives of heroism and unity had taken a different form, the cultural legacy of that day would be unrecognizable.
What is the focus of the text, and what alternate reality is it
exploring?
According to the text, what might have happened if intelligence
agencies had acted upon warnings about the 9/11 attacks?
Identify three words or phrases related to the impact of the 9/11
attacks and their aftermath.
Explain the meaning of the term "geopolitics" as used in the text.
In your opinion, how might the alternate reality described in the
text have influenced global politics and security?
Locate a sentence in the text that uses the third conditional. What
is the structure of this sentence?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Suggest a synonym for "thwarted" as used in the second paragraph.
Reflect on the cultural and social shifts discussed in the text. How might a different narrative of heroism
and unity have shaped society?
Do you think examining historical events through the lens of the third conditional is a valuable exercise?
Why or why not?
"Back to the Future: Exploring Alternate Timelines Through the Third Conditional"
"Back to the Future," a classic sci-fi film, takes audiences on a thrilling ride through time with its
protagonist, Marty McFly. Let's explore the narrative of the movie using the third conditional to unravel the
alternate timelines that could have shaped Marty's destiny.
Marty's Encounter with the Time Machine If Marty McFly hadn't stumbled upon Doc Brown's time machine,
his life would have followed a vastly different trajectory. The serendipitous moment when he hopped into
the DeLorean and traveled back to 1955 set the stage for a series of adventures that altered his past,
present, and future.
Marty's Interactions with the Past As Marty navigated the 1950s, the third conditional played a central role.
If he had made different decisions during his interactions with his parents in the past, the entire timeline
could have been disrupted. The delicate balance of cause and effect became evident as Marty grappled
with the consequences of his actions.
Impact on Family and Friends Consider the ripple effect on Marty's family and friends. If he had failed to
reunite his parents and ensure their future happiness, the entire McFly family tree might have been altered.
Marty's friendships and relationships in the present were intricately linked to the events he influenced in
the past.
Questions
What is the central focus of the text?
How does Marty McFly's discovery of the time machine shape the
course of the narrative in "Back to the Future"?
Identify three words or phrases related to Marty's interactions with the
past and their consequences.
Explain the meaning of the term "tapestry" as used in the review.
If Marty had chosen not to interact with his parents in the past, how
might the present and future timelines have been affected?
Suggest a synonym for "propels" as used in the review.
Reflect on the review's assertion that the brilliance of "Back to the
Future" lies in its use of the third conditional. Do you agree? Why or
why not?
Consider other movies or stories that explore alternate timelines or
use the third conditional as a narrative device. How effective are they
in engaging the audience?
If you were to apply the third conditional to a specific scene or
decision in "Back to the Future," which one would it be, and how might
the story have unfolded differently?
Discuss the impact of time-traveling narratives on storytelling. How
does the exploration of alternate timelines enhance or challenge the
viewer's experience?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS44
CLASS 44
MIXED CONDITIONALS
Write an essay analyzing the topic of capital punishment and whether it serves as an effective
deterrent or a moral dilemma. Use mixed conditionals to explore hypothetical situations related
to the implementation or abolishment of the death penalty. Consider scenarios where different
methods of punishment were historically applied and speculate on how these choices might
have shaped the criminal justice system today. Provide arguments and examples to support
your position on whether capital punishment should continue or be abolished.
Writing Prompt
Parte 44 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
The Dual Narrative of Black Lives Matter: Navigating the Complex Debate
The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, at its core, represents a passionate call for justice, equality, and an end to systemic racism. However,
the debate surrounding BLM is nuanced, with fervent supporters and vocal critics presenting diverse perspectives. Let's delve into the plausible
arguments from both sides, shedding light on the complexities of this ongoing discourse.
Supporters argue that BLM is a necessary response to centuries of historical injustices, from slavery to segregation. They contend that the
movement shines a crucial light on the systemic racism embedded in institutions, prompting a long-overdue reckoning with the past. The
hypothetical here is that, had these issuesbeen confronted earlier, today's society might have progressed further toward true racial
equality.
1.
Advocates emphasize the urgent need to address police brutality and promote accountability within law enforcement. The hypothetical
scenario is that if effective measures were taken earlier to curb excessive use of force and ensure accountability, incidents leading to the
deaths of unarmed Black individuals might have been reduced, fostering a sense of security and justice within marginalized communities.
2.
Supporters contend that BLM has played a pivotal role in raising awareness about racial disparities and promoting education on systemic
racism. The movement's hypothetical impact lies in the idea that a more informed society is better equipped to dismantle ingrained
prejudices and actively work toward a more inclusive future.
3.
Critics argue that the BLM movement, while highlighting critical issues, has inadvertently led to increased polarization. They suggest that the
emphasis on systemic racism might contribute to a divisive narrative, widening the gap between communities instead of fostering unity.
The hypothetical scenario is that alternative approaches might have allowed for more inclusive discussions and collaborative solutions.
4.
Some critics express concerns about instances of violence and civil unrest associated with protests affiliated with BLM. They argue that
these incidents detract from the movement's message and contribute to a perception of chaos. The hypothetical question is whether a
different approach to activism could have achieved the same goals without the accompanying unrest.
5.
Critics contend that BLM has faced backlash from those who perceive it as a threat to existing societal structures. The hypothetical scenario
is that a different approach might have garnered broader public support, leading to a more unified front against systemic racism.
6.
How does the text emphasize the historical context as a crucial
factor in understanding the Black Lives Matter movement?
In what ways does the text suggest that historical injustices have
influenced the urgency and passion behind the movement?
According to the text, what is the hypothetical impact of
addressing police brutality and ensuring accountability on the
Black Lives Matter movement?
How might the movement contribute to fostering a sense of
security and justice within marginalized communities, as
suggested in the text?
What argument do critics present regarding the perceived
polarization and division caused by the Black Lives Matter
movement?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Engage in a discussion about corporal punishment in
education and parenting in pairs or small groups. Share your
views on whether corporal punishment has a place in
shaping behavior or if it should be entirely prohibited.
Introduce mixed conditionals to your conversation by
imagining alternative disciplinary approaches and their
potential outcomes. Discuss how society might have evolved
if different methods of discipline were historically favored. 
Explore the long-term effects and ethical considerations of
corporal punishment compared to alternative strategies in
shaping behavior.
Let's Practice
Unveiling Perspectives: A Comprehensive Exploration of Feminism
The question, "What's your take on feminism?" serves as a gateway to a multifaceted discourse that spans
conservative and liberal viewpoints. The debate surrounding feminism encompasses a spectrum of beliefs, with
conservatives expressing reservations and liberals advocating for societal change. Through the lens of mixed
conditionals and utilizing vocabulary appropriate for C1 students, let's dissect arguments from both sides.
Feminism: A Clash of Ideologies
Conservative Perspective:
If traditionalists had been more successful in
preserving established societal norms,
proponents argue, the hypothetical outcome
might be a more stable and harmonious social
fabric. They contend that feminism, in its pursuit
of radical change, risks undermining the
foundations that have historically provided
structure and order. This perspective suggests
that had more emphasis been placed on
maintaining traditional gender roles, societal
cohesion could have been safeguarded.
Liberal Perspective:
Conversely, liberals posit that if historical gender
norms had been more progressive, society might
have advanced further in terms of equality.
Advocates argue that feminism is a necessary
force, challenging outdated structures and
fostering a more inclusive and just society. The
hypothetical scenario is one where gender equality
was prioritized throughout history, potentially
leading to a more egalitarian and harmonious
present.
Questions
How does the conservative perspective utilize mixed conditionals to
suggest a more stable outcome if traditionalists had been successful
in preserving societal norms?
In what ways does the text highlight the argument that feminism, from
a conservative standpoint, risks undermining historical foundations?
According to the conservative perspective, how does feminism's
pursuit of radical change potentially impact societal cohesion?
How might the hypothetical emphasis on maintaining traditional
gender roles, as discussed in the text, contribute to safeguarding
societal order?
In the liberal perspective, how does the text use mixed conditionals to
discuss the potential advancement if historical gender norms had
been more progressive?
What arguments do liberals present regarding the necessity of
feminism in challenging outdated structures for a more inclusive
society?
How does the liberal perspective envision a hypothetical scenario
where gender equality was prioritized throughout history, leading to a
more egalitarian present?
According to the text, what outcomes might have resulted from a
historical emphasis on gender equality from a liberal standpoint?
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT MEMORY MANIPULATION!
Vocabulary:
Neurostimulation: The application of
electrical stimulation to influence neural
activity.
Pharmaceutical Intervention: The use of
drugs or medications to modify or enhance
cognitive functions.
Ethical Considerations: Deliberations on
moral principles and values concerning the
rightness or wrongness of certain actions.
Informed Consent: The voluntary agreement
of an individual to participate in a particular
activity or treatment with a full
understanding of the potential risks and
benefits.
Personal Autonomy: The capacity of an
individual to make independent decisions
and exercise self-governance.
Interpersonal Relationships: Connections
and interactions between individuals,
particularly in the context of personal or
social associations.
Authenticity: The quality of being genuine,
real, or true to oneself.
Legal and Moral Responsibility:
Obligations and accountability within both
the legal and moral frameworks.
Regulations: Official rules or laws governing a
particular activity or process.
Ramifications: The consequences or results of
an action or decision, often with broader or
long-term implications.
Collective Memory: Shared memories and
experiences within a society or community.
Cultural Identity: The sense of belonging and
identification with a particular cultural group.
Distinguish Between: To recognize the
differences or distinctions between two or
more things.
Widespread: Existing or happening across a
large area or among many people.
Futuristic: Related to or characteristic of the
future, often involving advanced or innovative
technologies.
Challenges: Difficulties or obstacles that
require effort and ingenuity to overcome.
Manipulated Experiences: Instances where
memories or experiences are intentionally
altered or controlled.
Trustworthiness: The quality of being
reliable, dependable, and deserving of trust.
Narratives: Stories or accounts that
provide a representation of events, often
used to convey a particular perspective.
Complex and Nuanced: Having intricate
and subtle aspects, requiring careful
considerationto another country?
What do you think might be the most challenging aspect of adjusting to a new culture?
Have you ever experienced culture shock, either when traveling or living abroad?
How do you think you would cope with homesickness while living in a foreign country?
How might moving abroad impact your career and professional opportunities?
What steps would you take to find a job in a new country?
How would you approach making new friends in a foreign country?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS5
CLASS 5
PRACTICE
Let’s continue practicing!
 We’ll see more Adjectives and
Adverbs!
Parte 5 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
Exploring the Urban Tapestry
In the heart of the city, majestic skyscrapers reach towards the sky, casting shadows that dance along the
bustling streets below. The cityscape is a blend of sleek modern architecture and neighborhoods that exude
an eclectic charm, each block telling its own unique story.
As the sun sets, the city transforms into a cosmopolitan playground, with an energetic street life and a
pulsating nightlife that invites both locals and visitors to immerse themselves in the city's vibrant culture. The
air is charged with an effervescent energy, and the city comes alive with the sounds of laughter, music, and
the hum of activity.
Wandering through the city's districts, you encounter cutting-edge technology seamlessly integrated into
everyday life. The streets are adorned with captivating street art, turning every corner into a canvas of
expression. The culinary scene is nothing short of immersive, offering a diverse array of flavors that tantalize
the taste buds.
The city's history is etched in the intricate details of its landmarks, each telling a tale of resilience and evolution.
Amidst the hustle and bustle, there are lively markets where the convergence of cultures is evident in the
goods on display.
The city's commitment to sustainability is evident in its innovative urban design and efficient public
transportation. As you traverse the city, you can't help but marvel at the chic fashion districts, where the latest
trends coexist with timeless style.
This urban tapestry, with its diverse demographics and a commitment to resilient infrastructure, invites
exploration and promises an unforgettable experience for those willing to dive into its depths
SCRIPT (NÃO VAI APARECER EM AULA) 
Questions
What makes the urban city's nightlife vibrant and full of
energy?
1.
How does the city incorporate cutting-edge technology
into everyday life?
2.
What types of cultural influences can be seen in the city's
culinary scene?
3.
Can you name some historical landmarks mentioned in
the text and their significance?
4.
How does the city demonstrate its commitment to
sustainability through urban design and public
transportation?
5.
Based on the description of neighborhoods, fashion, and
infrastructure, what kind of vibe do you get from this
urban city?
6.
A Tranquil Retreat
In the midst of a bustling metropolis, there exists a tranquil retreat—a secluded garden hidden away
from the clamor of urban life. As you enter, the city's noise gradually fades, replaced by the soothing
sounds of rustling leaves and distant birdsong.
The garden is meticulously landscaped, with pathways winding gracefully through vibrant flower beds
and manicured lawns. As you stroll serenely along the meandering trails, you encounter benches
strategically placed to offer moments of quiet contemplation.
The air is filled with the fragrance of blooming flowers, and the sunlight filters through the trees, casting
a gentle glow on the surroundings. Occasionally, a soft breeze whispers through the branches, creating
a sense of harmony and tranquility.
Nestled within the garden is a charming teahouse, where you can savor a cup of tea while gazing out at
the pond. The koi fish swim gracefully in the clear water, their movements adding to the overall sense of
calm.
As the day unfolds, the atmosphere becomes
increasingly serene, and the tranquility of the garden
offers a welcome escape from the fast-paced rhythm
of the city. It becomes a haven for those seeking a
moment of respite, a place where time seems to move
effortlessly.
This hidden oasis in the heart of the city is a testament
to the possibility of finding peace amidst the urban
chaos—a reminder that even in the most bustling
environments, moments of tranquility await those
willing to seek them.
How does the garden provide a contrast to the bustling metropolis, and what sensory
details contribute to this contrast?
Describe the landscaping of the garden, and how the meandering trails and benches
contribute to the overall experience of the Space?
What role do soft breezes play in creating a harmonious atmosphere within the garden,
and how do they add to the sense of tranquility?
Discuss the significance of the teahouse in the garden. How does it enhance the overall
experience, and what is its role in creating a serene atmosphere?
Explain the role of koi fish in the pond, and how their movements contribute to the sense
of calm within the garden.
Identify all the adverbs in the text.
Writing Exercise: 
Create an exciting story or vivid description of a lively city, using the given adjectives
and adverbs. Dive into its diverse neighborhoods, bustling streets, and vibrant
atmosphere. Use colorful language to paint vivid scenes and convey the city's
energy. Explore unique places and encounters that add charm and intrigue to the
urban landscape.
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
Describe people in your
family using the adjectives
and adverbs learnt in Lesson
5. Prepare yourself to record a
video describing family
members of yours while
showing pictures (pics only if
you feel like it). 
Homework Time! 
Lesson 5
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS6
CLASS 6
PHRASAL VERBS 1
Phrasal Verbs:
Phrasal verbs are combinations of a main verb and
one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs)
that create a specific meaning. The particle can
change the meaning of the main verb, often giving
it a more idiomatic or nuanced sense. Phrasal
verbs are commonly used in everyday English, and
understanding them is crucial for effective
communication.
EXAMPLES
Turn off the lights.
She looks after her
younger brother.
He picked up the book.
Parte 6 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
Questions
What does Alex do to clear his mind before
starting his day?
1.
How does Alex handle unexpected issues that
arise during work?
2.
Why does Alex believe it's important to stay
informed about the latest news?
3.
Describe Alex's approach to balancing work and
personal life.
4.
How does Alex unwind and recharge after work?5.
EXERCISE:
Get up
Figure out
Deal with
Pop up
Check off
Below, you'll find a list of 10 phrasal
verbs. Choose 5 that are outside your
comfort zone and create a sentence for
each of them.
Catch up on
Keep up with
Carry out
Hang out with
Wrap up
Writing Exercise: 
Discuss the importance of balancing work and personal life. Share how you manage
time, prioritize tasks, and handle unexpected challenges. Describe strategies you use
to maintain a healthy balance between work and personal well-being.
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
The Entrepreneurial Journey
Meet Sarah Mitchell, a seasoned entrepreneur who has successfully set up and grown her own
business. Sarah's journey in the business world began when she decided to branch out from her
corporate job and take on the challenge of starting her own company.
In the early days, Sarah had to sort out various issues, from figuring out the right business model
to dealing with tight budgets. However, she was determined to see through the difficulties and
press on. She believes that the ability to persevere is crucial for any entrepreneur.
As her business started to take off, Sarah had to quickly adapt to the changing market trends.
She emphasizes the importance of keeping up withand understanding.
Movies on the topic:
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004):1.
This film directed by Michel Gondry explores the concept of erasing memories of a failed relationship. It raises
questions about the role of memories in shaping our identities and the consequences of selectively removing
them.
Inception (2010):2.
Christopher Nolan's mind-bending film involves a team that enters dreams to steal secrets. While not directly
about memory manipulation, it delves into the layers of the subconscious and raises questions about the
nature of reality and perception.
Total Recall (1990):3.
Based on a story by Philip K. Dick, this film follows a man who undergoes memory implantation to experience
a virtual vacation on Mars. The narrative challenges the distinction between reality and artificial memories.
Memento (2000):4.
Directed by Christopher Nolan, "Memento" tells the story of a man with short-term memory loss trying to
solve the mystery of his wife's murder. The film plays with the concept of memory and its reliability as the
protagonist pieces together his past.
Blade Runner 2049 (2017):5.
A sequel to the classic "Blade Runner," this film explores themes of identity, memory, and the nature of
consciousness, particularly in relation to artificially created beings.
Let’s Talk!
Explore the possibilities of memory enhancement technologies, such as neurostimulation or
pharmaceutical interventions. What ethical questions arise when individuals have the ability to
enhance or erase certain memories?
Discuss the ethical considerations related to informed consent and personal autonomy in the
context of memory manipulation. How might these technologies challenge the concept of
individual agency and free will?
Examine how memory manipulation could influence interpersonal relationships. What happens
when individuals have the ability to alter or erase shared memories? How might it affect trust
and the authenticity of human connections?
Consider the legal and moral implications of memory manipulation. Should there be regulations
governing the use of these technologies? How might the legal system adapt to cases where
memories can be manipulated?
Explore the broader societal ramifications of widespread memory manipulation. How might it
impact historical narratives, collective memory, and cultural identity? What challenges might
arise in distinguishing between genuine and manipulated experiences?
Do you remember any other movie with this topic in it?
Talk about Memory Manipulation and get your opinion on the
conversation you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS45
CLASS 45
WRITING INTENSIVE
Let’s get some vocabulary. Now, give us your
impressions of what do these words mean:
Let's Practice
Discuss scenarios in which these words might
be used. Share your thoughts and examples
with each word given.
Example Text:
"The Ever-Changing Landscape of Modern World’s Technology"
In our fast-paced and ephemeral modern world, technological
advancements are at the forefront of societal evolution. The once
groundbreaking innovations quickly become outdated, symbolizing the
transitory nature of progress. Smartphones, for instance, have become an
emblem of the ubiquitous presence of technology in our daily lives. These
devices are not only omnipresent but also integral to various aspects of our
existence, from communication to entertainment.
Despite the rapid advancements, there is no magic panacea that solves all
the challenges posed by technology. While it has undoubtedly brought
convenience, it has also introduced new complexities. Issues such as privacy
concerns, cybersecurity threats, and digital addiction persist, challenging the
notion that technology is a cure-all solution. The pursuit of a universal remedy
continues as we navigate the intricate relationship between humans and
technology.
Amidst the constant flux, the narrative of technological progress is often shaped by unexpected twists
of fate, demonstrating the power of serendipity in innovation. Many groundbreaking inventions, from
penicillin to the microwave oven, were discovered by accident. The chance encounters and unplanned
events in the scientific journey contribute to the richness of our technological landscape, reminding us
of the beauty of unintended discoveries.
However, the same technology that brings about serendipitous moments can also be exploited for
nefarious purposes. The dark underbelly of the digital world includes cybercrimes, online scams, and
malicious activities that threaten our security. As technology becomes more integral to our lives, the
battle against nefarious elements intensifies, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations and
robust cybersecurity measures.
In conclusion, the ephemeral nature of technological progress, its ubiquitous presence, the ongoing
quest for a panacea, the role of serendipity, and the potential for nefarious activities all contribute to
the complex tapestry of our digital era. As we navigate this ever-changing landscape, it is imperative to
strike a balance between embracing innovation and addressing the challenges that arise, ensuring
that technology serves as a force for good in our rapidly evolving world.
What is the meaning of the word "ephemeral" and how is it
illustrated in the context of technological advancements?
Explain the concept of "ubiquitous" technology and provide
examples from your own life.
How is the main idea or thesis statement in the essay
expressed, and which vocabulary words contribute to its
clarity?
In your opinion, does the writer effectively convey the idea that
technology is not a panacea? Why or why not?
Give examples from the essay that demonstrate the role of
"serendipity" in technological advancements. Can you think of
other instances where accidental discoveries led to significant
innovations?
Discuss the writer's mention of "nefarious" activities in the digital
world. Can you provide additional examples of malicious uses
of technology?
How can individuals and society guard against the potential
nefarious aspects of technology, as mentioned in the essay?
Questions
In your opinion, does the essay successfully argue for the
need to strike a balance between embracing technology
and addressing its challenges? Why or why not?
Reflect on the ethical considerations mentioned in the essay.
How can individuals and society ensure the ethical use of
technology?
Share your perspective on the evolving relationship between
humans and technology. How has technology impacted
your life, and do you view it as more ephemeral or
ubiquitous?
Can you think of any personal experiences that align with
the theme of serendipity in your interaction with technology?
Considering the essay's discussion on the ephemeral nature
of technology, what do you predict could be the next major
technological innovation in the near future?
How might society address the challenges posed by the
continuous evolution of technology?
"The Modern World,"
Brainstorm ideas related to this theme using the vocabulary words. For example, how
technology is ephemeral, the ubiquitous nature of social media, the search for a panacea in
healthcare, the role of serendipity in scientific discoveries, and the impact of nefarious
activities online. How do you perceive the modern era? Let it expressed in a 300-words essay.
Convey your ideas clearly, writing formally and with a plethora of examples and details.
Writing Prompt
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS46
CLASS 46
IDIOMS 4
Idioms are expressions that convey a figurative meaning
different from the literal interpretation of the words used.
These phrases often have cultural or contextual
significance, and they may not make sense if taken
literally. Idioms are a common feature in language and
are used to add color, emphasis, or depth to
communication. 
Idioms
EXAMPLES
1. "Hit the ground running"
Meaning: To start a new job or project quicklyand energetically.
2. "Cutting corners"
Meaning: Finding a quicker or cheaper way to
do something, often at the expense of quality.
3. "Think outside the box"
Meaning: To think creatively or from a
different perspective.
4. "Ballpark figure"
Meaning: An approximate estimate.
5. "On the same page"
Meaning: To be in agreement or have a
shared understanding.
6. "The bottom line"
Meaning: The most important aspect or
the final result.
7. "Get the ball rolling"
Meaning: To start a process or activity.
8. "Bite the bullet"
Meaning: To face a difficult situation with
courage.
9. "Dot the i's and cross the t's"
Meaning: To pay attention to small details;
to be thorough.
10. "Break the ice"
Meaning: To initiate a conversation in a
social or business setting.
EXAMPLES
"Throw in the towel"
Meaning: To give up or surrender.
"Burn the midnight oil"
Meaning: To work late into the night.
"Cut to the chase"
Meaning: To get to the main point
without unnecessary details.
"Keep someone in the loop"
Meaning: To ensure someone is
informed about what's happening.
"The ball is in your court"
Meaning: It's your turn to take action
or make a decision.
"Ride the wave"
Meaning: To take advantage of a positive situation
or trend.
"Up in the air"
Meaning: Uncertain or undecided.
"Cut one's losses"
Meaning: To stop doing something that is causing
problems or losses.
"Out of the loop"
Meaning: Not informed or unaware of current
information.
"Put all your eggs in one basket"
Meaning: To risk everything on a single venture.
Parte 46 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
: "Navigating Project Challenges"
Speaker 1: Sarah (Project Manager)
Sarah: Hi everyone, thanks for joining this impromptu meeting. I wanted to discuss the recent hiccups we've encountered with the XYZ project. We initially
thought we could hit the ground running, but it seems we've hit a few roadblocks.
Speaker 2: James (Team Lead)
James: Yeah, it's been a bit challenging. We were trying to streamline the process, but it feels like we've been cutting corners to meet the tight deadlines.
Speaker 3: Maria (Financial Analyst)
Maria: I agree. We need to be careful not to sacrifice the quality of our work. We can't afford to ignore the details; we should dot the i's and cross the t's to ensure
accuracy.
Speaker 4: Alex (Marketing Specialist)
Alex: I think it's time to think outside the box and explore alternative strategies. We might need to reconsider our approach to overcome these obstacles.
Speaker 1: Sarah
Sarah: Good point, Alex. Let's not forget the bottom line here—delivering a successful project. I know we're all on tight schedules, but we can't afford to let quality
suffer. James, can you update us on the current status?
Speaker 2: James
James: Well, we're still ironing out some issues, but I believe we can get the ball rolling smoothly again. I've had the team working late nights, really burning the
midnight oil to address the concerns.
Speaker 3: Maria
Maria: James, could you provide a ballpark figure of the additional costs we might incur due to these delays?
Speaker 2: James
James: I'm working on it, Maria. It's a bit tricky at the moment, but I'll have a more accurate estimate by tomorrow.
Speaker 4: Alex
Alex: In the meantime, let's keep everyone in the loop. Communication is key during challenging times like these. We don't want anyone feeling out of the loop.
Speaker 1: Sarah
Sarah: Absolutely, Alex. And remember, the ball is in our court to make the right decisions and turn this situation around. We can't afford to throw in the towel.
Let's strategize and find solutions together.
What does Sarah mean when she says they initially thought they
could "hit the ground running" in the project?
Explain the expression "cutting corners" as used by James. How
does it relate to the challenges they are facing?
According to Maria, why is it essential for the team to "dot the i's
and cross the t's" despite the tight deadlines?
How does paying attention to details contribute to the overall
success of the project?
In what context does Alex suggest the team should "think outside
the box"? Why does he believe this approach is necessary?
Can you think of other situations in business where thinking
outside the box might be beneficial?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What is the "bottom line" that Sarah refers to, and how does it relate to the team's 
goals?
In your opinion, why is it important for the team to prioritize the bottom line in a challenging project?
Imagine you are a budding entrepreneur about to embark on a new business venture. In a
comprehensive business proposal, outline your plan for a startup, addressing the following key
points and incorporating at least nine of the idioms from the provided list:
1. Introduction and Vision:
Begin by introducing your business concept and your vision for its success. How do you plan to
"hit the ground running" in the competitive market?
2. Innovative Approach:
Describe the unique aspects of your business that set it apart. Explain how your venture will "think
outside the box" to meet the evolving needs of consumers.
3. Financial Planning:
Provide a detailed financial plan, including projected costs and revenue. Acknowledge potential
challenges and how you plan to overcome them without "cutting corners.
Writing Prompt
4. Quality and Attention to Detail:
Emphasize your commitment to delivering a high-quality product or service. How will
you ensure that you "dot the i's and cross the t's" in all aspects of your business
operations?
5. Adaptability and Challenges:
Anticipate challenges that may arise during the startup phase. Explain your strategy for
"riding the wave" of uncertainty and adapting to unforeseen circumstances.
6. Work Ethic and Determination:
Highlight the work ethic of your team, expressing their dedication to success. How do
you plan to ensure everyone is "on the same page" and willing to "burn the midnight oil"
when necessary?
7. Communication Strategy:
Describe your communication strategy for both internal and external stakeholders. How
will you ensure that everyone stays "in the loop," preventing anyone from feeling "out of
the loop"?
8. Decision-Making Authority:
Clarify the decision-making structure within your startup. Explain how you will ensure
that the "ball is in your court" when crucial decisions need to be made.
9. Long-Term Goals and Flexibility:
Outline your long-term goals for the business. How will you avoid putting "all your eggs
in one basket" and remain flexible in the face of changing market conditions?
10. Conclusion:
Summarize your business proposal, emphasizing your determination not to "throw in the
towel" despite potential challenges. Conclude with a strong statement about the
potential success of your venture.
Column A: Idioms
Hit the ground running
Cutting corners
Think outside the box
Dot the i's and cross the t's
Ball is in your court
Throw in the towel
"In the Corporate Maze"
Meet the dynamic team at "Infinite Innovations," a quirky tech startup where the pursuit of
success is as unpredictable as a game of chess played with rubber ducks.
CHARACTERS:
1. Olivia Smartly - The Savvy CEO
Olivia always knows how to hit the ground running. With a coffee in one hand and a
strategic plan in the other, she's the heartbeat of the office.
2. Eddie Shortcut - The Genius Coder
Eddie is a coding whiz, but he has a penchant for cutting corners when it comes to
writing documentation. "Why waste time on details when you can create magic in
code?" he says with a sly grin.
3. Nina Creativity - The Artsy Marketing Maven
Nina is the queen of thinking outside the box. She transforms mundane ideas into
marketing masterpieces. Last week, she turned a coffee spill on her desk into an avant-
garde artwork.
4. Timmeticulous - The Detail-Obsessed Project Manager
Timmeticulous, as his nickname suggests, is obsessed with details. He believes in dotting
the i's and crossingthe t's so thoroughly that his desk is practically covered in dotted and
crossed post-it notes.
5. Bella Decisionaire - The CFO with a Plan
Bella knows the financial game well. When it comes to crucial decisions, she ensures that
the ball is in her court. Her poker face in budget meetings is legendary.
6. Marty Marathon - The Night Owl Developer
Marty, the night owl, is known for burning the midnight oil. His best codes are written when
the moon is high, and the office is deserted. He even named his latest code release
"Midnight Magic."
THE OFFICE DRAMA UNFOLDS:
In the midst of creating the next big tech marvel, the team faces challenges. Eddie, in his coding brilliance,
suggests a shortcut to meet a tight deadline. Timmeticulous, ever detail-oriented, protests, insisting they
must dot the i's and cross the t's for a flawless product.
Nina, with her penchant for creativity, suggests a marketing campaign that is so far outside the box that
even the office cat gives her a puzzled look. "It's bold, it's avant-garde, it's genius!" she exclaims.
As the project progresses, Bella, the financial maestro, holds a budget meeting. "The ball is in our court. We
need to decide whether to invest more or find creative ways to save," she announces, her eyes reflecting a
poker-faced determination.
In a turn of events, Marty, the night owl developer, finds a bug in Eddie's shortcut code during one of his
burning the midnight oil sessions. The team, despite facing challenges, decides not to throw in the towel
but instead embrace the opportunity for improvement.
And so, in the quirky world of "Infinite Innovations," where rubber ducks hold board meetings and creativity
knows no bounds, the team navigates the corporate maze, armed with coffee, code, and a touch of
unorthodox brilliance.
Reflect on the overall corporate culture
described in the text. How does the workplace
culture at "Infinite Innovations" contribute to
creativity, collaboration, and success?
Which character from the fictional workplace do
you resonate with the most, and why? How do
you see your own contributions aligning with or
differing from the characters in the text?
Questions
Let's Practice
You're at a team-building event, and you've been asked
to share your experiences and insights about your
workplace, incorporating the idioms provided. Begin by
introducing your workplace, and then address the
following points using at least four of the idioms.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS47
CLASS 47
MIXED CONDITIONALS
Relate the following pictures using the Zero,
First, Second and Third Conditionals
Parte 47 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
In the bustling city of Arcadia, Sarah often thinks about the decisions she made in the past. If she (1) hadn't taken
that internship at the marketing agency, she (2) wouldn't have met Mark, who later became her business
partner. As a result, their successful startup, InnovateTech, (3) wouldn't be where it is today.
However, Sarah sometimes wonders what her life (4) would have been like if she (5) had pursued her initial
passion for environmental science. If she (6) had studied ecology instead of business, she (7) might have been
working on sustainability projects around the world.
One day, Sarah attended a conference where she (8) heard about groundbreaking research in eco-friendly
technologies. If she (9) hadn't attended that conference, she (10) wouldn't have learned about the innovative
ideas that shaped her decision to incorporate sustainable practices into InnovateTech's projects.
Reflecting on her journey, Sarah believes that if she (11) hadn't faced challenges along the way, she (12) might
not appreciate the success of InnovateTech as much as she does now.
What led Sarah to meet Mark, her business partner?
How has the success of InnovateTech been influenced by Sarah's
decisions?
According to the text, what could Sarah have been doing if she
had pursued her initial passion for environmental science?
Describe the role of the conference in shaping Sarah's decisions
regarding sustainability.
How does Sarah view the challenges she faced along her journey?
Imagine a different outcome for Sarah if she hadn't taken the
internship at the marketing agency. How might her life be
different?
Do you think Sarah made the right decisions in her career,
considering the success of InnovateTech? Why or why not?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Personal Taste and its Ripple Effect on Life
Consider your own personal taste in hobbies, entertainment, or career choices. Reflect on
how your preferences have influenced the course of your life. Incorporate mixed conditionals
to explore the hypothetical outcomes of different choices.
Write an essay or a reflective piece addressing the following points:
1. Introduction:
Introduce the concept of personal taste and its significance in shaping individual
experiences.
Provide a brief overview of your own distinctive preferences.
Writing Prompt
2. Body Paragraphs:
Paragraph 1: Current Taste and Its Impact
Discuss your current personal taste in a specific area (e.g., music, movies, books,
hobbies, career).
Explain how this particular taste has influenced your daily life and overall well-being.
Paragraph 2: Alternative Choices in the Past
Explore an alternative scenario where you made a different choice related to your
current taste.
Use a mixed conditional to discuss how your life might have been different if you had
chosen a different path.
Paragraph 3: Hypothetical Consequences
Delve into the hypothetical consequences of the alternative choice.
Discuss how it could have affected your relationships, career, or personal growth.
Paragraph 4: Reflection on Lessons Learned
Reflect on the insights gained from considering alternative choices.
Share whether you believe your current preferences align with your overall life goals and
values.
3. Conclusion:
Summarize the impact of personal taste on your life.
Conclude by expressing the importance of self-awareness and the continuous evolution
of personal preferences.
It was a dark and stormy night, and Emma couldn't help but reminisce about the time
she had spent in the quaint village of Willowbrook. If she (1) __________ (visit) the
charming little bookstore, she (2) __________ (discover) a mysterious old diary
tucked away on one of the dusty shelves. As she (3) __________ (read) the entries,
she (4) __________ (realize) that the author had foretold several events that (5)
__________ (take) place in the village over the years.
One particular entry stood out to Emma. It (6) __________ (mention) a hidden
treasure buried somewhere in Willowbrook. If only she (7) __________ (know) about
it at the time, she (8) __________ (try) to find it during her stay. Unfortunately, she (9)
__________ (leave) the village without a clue about the hidden riches.
As she (10) __________ (walk) through the cobblestone streets that night, Emma (11)
__________ (wonder) what might have happened if she (12) __________ (decide)
to search for the treasure back then. If she (13) __________ (discover) it, her life (14)
__________ (be) completely different today.
What kind of night was it when Emma was
reminiscing about her time in Willowbrook?
What did Emma find in the charming little
bookstore in Willowbrook?
What did Emma realize as she read the entries in
the mysterious old diary?
According to the diary, what events had the
author foretold that took place in the village over
the years?
What stood out to Emma in one particular diary
entry?
Questions
Exploring Personal Taste
Part 1: Introduction
Introduction (2-3 minutes):
Briefly introduce yourself and mention a few areas of personal taste that
strongly define you (e.g., favorite genres of music, preferred leisure
activities, preferred reading genre, etc.).
Share why these particular preferences are significant to you.
Part 2: Discussion
Discussing Current Preferences (4-5 minutes):
Talk about your current taste in onespecific area (e.g., music, movies,
books, hobbies, etc.).
Explain why you are drawn to this particular type and how it adds value to
your life.
Consider using mixed conditionals to discuss how your life would be
different if you had discovered this preference later or earlier.
Let's Practice
Alternative Choices (4-5 minutes):
Imagine an alternative scenario where you have a completely different taste in the area you discussed.
Describe this hypothetical alternative taste and discuss how it might have influenced your daily life and
overall well-being.
Use mixed conditionals to explore the consequences of this alternate preference.
Influence on Relationships and Career (3-4 minutes):
Consider how your personal taste has influenced your relationships and career choices.
Discuss specific instances where your preferences played a role in forming connections or making
professional decisions.
Use mixed conditionals to speculate on how different choices might have impacted these areas.
Part 3: Reflection and Conclusion
Reflecting on Personal Growth (3-4 minutes):
Reflect on how your personal taste has evolved over time.
Discuss any significant changes or realizations you've had about your preferences.
Consider using mixed conditionals to express how your past self might view your current taste.
Conclusion (2-3 minutes):
Summarize the key points discussed in the conversation.
Conclude by sharing your thoughts on the importance of personal taste in shaping one's 
identity and experiences.
Social events tend to be such a weird
thing am I right? Describe some of the
events you’ve attended and let us
know: if you could change the social
rules of your society, which are the
things you would ban or make
different? is it the “handshake/kiss on
the cheek” awkward deal, or maybe
the “Happy Birthday song bit? Your
Choice. And also answer: do you fit in
well with the social rules of your
relating group?
Homework Time! 
Lesson 47
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS48
STUDENT'S EVALUATION 04
Evaluation Time!
By clicking the link, you will be directed to take a short test
where you'll put into practice what you've learned in the last 11
classes. This test is designed for you to self-assess and see
how much you've been able to grasp from the lessons.
The score provided is solely for self-evaluation purposes. While
you take this mini test, your teacher will be conducting another
assessment of your progress.
CLICK HERE TO BEGIN YOUR EVALUATION.
The next sessions will continue with regular classes.
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT SOCIAL AWKWARDNESS!
Vocabulary:
Embarrassing:
Definition: Causing a feeling of self-
consciousness, shame, or awkwardness.
Example: His embarrassing mistake turned
the meeting into an awkward experience.
Uncomfortable:
Definition: Causing unease or discomfort; not
pleasant.
Example: The silence in the room made it feel
incredibly uncomfortable.
Awkward:
Definition: Lacking skill or dexterity; causing
discomfort or embarrassment.
Example: The awkward silence after his joke
fell flat was palpable.
Cringeworthy:
Definition: Causing a feeling of discomfort or
embarrassment.
Example: The presenter's cringeworthy
attempt at humor left the audience silent.
Socially Awkward:
Definition: Behaving in a way that makes
others uncomfortable in social situations.
Example: He's a nice guy, but he can be a bit
socially awkward at parties.
Tense:
Definition: Characterized by nervousness or
anxiety.
Example: The tension in the room was
palpable as they avoided eye contact.
Uneasy:
Definition: Causing a sense of
discomfort or anxiety.
Example: The topic of conversation
made everyone feel uneasy.
Disconcerting:
Definition: Causing one to feel
unsettled or confused.
Example: The sudden change in his
mood was disconcerting to everyone
present.
Faltering:
Definition: Hesitating or wavering in
action or speech.
Example: The faltering conversation
revealed the underlying tension in
the room.
Gaffe:
Definition: An unintentional act or remark
causing embarrassment to its originator.
Example: His unintentional gaffe at the
dinner table left everyone speechless.
Stilted Conversation:
Definition: A conversation that feels
awkward or forced.
Example: The dialogue between them was
stilted, and neither knew what to say.
Social Faux Pas:
Definition: A social mistake or blunder.
Example: Making a joke about a sensitive
topic was a social faux pas.
Miscommunication:
Definition: Failure to communicate effectively, leading to
confusion or awkwardness.
Example: The miscommunication between them resulted in
an awkward misunderstanding.
Cultural Divide:
Definition: Differences in customs, values, or behaviors that
lead to awkwardness.
Example: There was a cultural divide that made the exchange
slightly awkward.
Lingering Silence:
Definition: A prolonged period of quiet, often uncomfortable.
Example: The lingering silence in the room made everyone
uneasy.
Let’s Talk!
Define the term "socially awkward" and
provide an example of someone exhibiting
socially awkward behavior in a social setting.
How does the term "cringeworthy" differ from
"embarrassing"? Can you give an example of
a cringeworthy moment?
Explain what is meant by a "social faux pas"
and share a situation where someone might
unintentionally commit a social faux pas.
In what ways can a "lingering silence"
contribute to the overall awkwardness of a
situation? Provide an example.
Describe a scenario where a
"miscommunication" leads to an awkward
misunderstanding between two individuals.
What is the significance of the term "stilted
conversation"? How might a stilted conversation
affect the dynamics between people?
Discuss the concept of a "cultural divide" and
explain how it can contribute to awkwardness in
interpersonal interactions.
How does the term "gaffe" differ from a simple
mistake? Provide an example of a situation
where someone makes a gaffe.
In your opinion, which word or phrase from the
provided vocabulary best captures the essence
of an exceptionally awkward situation, and why?
Think about a time when you experienced an
awkward situation. Which words or phrases from
the vocabulary would you use to describe that
situation?
Talk about awkward situations and get your opinion on the
conversation you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS49
CLASS 49
PHRASAL VERBS 4
Phrasal verbs are combinations of a main verb and one
or more particles (prepositions or adverbs). The particle
can change the meaning of the main verb, creating a
new, idiomatic expression. When splitting a phrasal verb,
it's important to follow certain rules to maintain
grammatical correctness.
Phrasal Verbs
EXAMPLES
1. Bring up:
Example: I'd like to bring up a crucial point regarding our market strategy.
2. Follow up:
Example: We need to follow up on the action items from our last meeting.
3. Phase in/out:
Example: We plan to phase out the older software and phase in the new version next quarter.
4. Lay out:
Example: Let me lay out the key objectives for the upcoming project.
5. Hone in on:
Example: We should hone in on the most impactful marketing channels for our target audience.
6. Circle back:
Example: After further research, we'll circle back to discuss the potential risks.
7. Drill down:
Example: Let's drill down into the financial projections to identify areas for improvement.
EXAMPLES
8. Wrap up:
Example: As we wrap up this discussion, let's summarize the key takeaways.
9. Bear with:
Example: Please bear with me for a moment while I pull up the relevant data.
10. Iron out:
Example: We need to iron out the details of the contract before finalizing the agreement.
11. Touch on:
Example: Before we conclude, let's touch on the potential challenges we might face.
12. Set forth:
Example: I'd like to set forth a proposal for streamlining our workflow.
13. Phase into:
Example: We're looking to phase into the international market gradually.14. Opt for:
Example: Considering the circumstances, we might want to opt for a more conservative
approach.
15. Roll out:
Example: We're planning to roll out the new product line by the end of the quarter.
Parte 49 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
Meeting Moderator: Good morning, everyone. Before we dive into the agenda, I'd like to bring up a point that was
brought up in our last session. We need to follow up on the action items assigned to each team.
Team Lead: Absolutely. I've already circled back with my team to ensure we're on track. We'll phase in the new
procedures by the end of the month.
Financial Analyst: That sounds good. I've also had a chance to drill down into the budget projections. We may need
to iron out some discrepancies before the final report is due.
Marketing Manager: Speaking of reports, I'd like to lay out our strategy for the upcoming campaign. We need to
hone in on the most effective channels for our target audience.
Project Manager: Agreed. Let's set forth a clear plan and bear with me for a moment while I share some relevant
data. Additionally, I'd like to touch on the potential risks we might face during the implementation phase.
CEO: Thank you for bringing that up. It's crucial that we phase into the international market strategically. Can we
also wrap up our discussion by summarizing the key points?
Moderator: Certainly. Before we wrap up, let's opt for a conservative approach considering the uncertainties in the
market. We're planning to roll out the new product line next quarter.
Team Lead: Perfect. I appreciate everyone's input. Let's bear with each other as we work through the details and
phase in these changes smoothly.
Moderator: Thank you all for your contributions. With that, I officially wrap up today's meeting. We'll follow up via
email with the minutes and any additional information. Have a great day, everyone!
What point does the meeting moderator want to bring up before
diving into the agenda?
How does the team lead plan to implement the new procedures?
What task did the financial analyst undertake regarding the
budget projections?
What does the marketing manager want to lay out during the
meeting?
What does the project manager ask the team to bear with them
for?
What is the CEO's suggestion regarding the international market?
How does the meeting moderator propose to conclude the
discussion?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What approach does the moderator suggest regarding uncertainties in the market?
When does the CEO plan to roll out the new product line?
How does the team lead express appreciation at the end of the meeting?
Imagine you are planning a family meeting to discuss important matters with your
relatives. Write a brief narrative or outline of the meeting, incorporating at least five of the
phrasal verbs provided:
Bring up
Follow up
Hone in on
Phase in/out
Lay out
Consider the topics you might want to discuss, the atmosphere of the meeting, and how
the family members interact with each other. Feel free to be creative and adapt the
phrasal verbs to suit the familial context.
Writing Prompt
Drill down
Wrap up
Bear with
Touch on
Set forth
Using the pictures, use the phrasal verbs
below them to create phrases:
"The Epochal Conclave"
In the midst of the tumultuous years of World War II, history bore witness to an unprecedented
meeting that would shape the course of nations. The leaders of the Allied forces gathered in a
clandestine location to bring up a plan that would ultimately alter the trajectory of the war.
Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin convened to lay out a strategy that
would hasten the defeat of the Axis powers. The discussions aimed to drill down into the military
tactics, resource allocation, and diplomatic maneuvers required to turn the tide in favor of the
Allies.
The leaders recognized the urgency to follow up on previous collaborations and decided to phase
in a comprehensive alliance that transcended borders. They were acutely aware that failure to
find common ground could bear with dire consequences for the free world.
The meeting, despite its historical significance, was not without
challenges. The leaders had to hone in on the most critical
issues, setting aside ideological differences for the sake of a
unified front. Delicate matters were touched on, such as post-
war reconstruction and the establishment of a lasting peace.
As the summit progressed, it became evident that this
gathering was not just about military strategy; it was about
shaping the post-war world. The leaders resolved to set forth a
vision for a new era of global cooperation, pledging to work
together in rebuilding and preventing future conflicts.
The climax of the conclave came when the leaders collectively
decided to wrap up the meeting with the signing of
agreements that laid the foundation for the United Nations. This
momentous decision marked the beginning of a new chapter
in history, demonstrating that, even in the darkest hours of war,
humanity could unite to forge a better future.
What was the purpose of the meeting among
Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and
Joseph Stalin during World War II?
How did the leaders plan to lay out a strategy to
hasten the defeat of the Axis powers?
Why did the leaders feel the need to drill down
into military tactics, resource allocation, and
diplomatic maneuvers during the meeting?
What challenges did the leaders face, and how
did they decide to bear with each other during the
meeting?
In what ways did the leaders aim to phase in a
comprehensive alliance that transcended
borders?
Questions
What critical issues did the leaders hone in on,
setting aside ideological differences for the sake of a
unified front?
What delicate matters were touched on during the
meeting, particularly concerning post-war
reconstruction and peace?
How did the leaders resolve to set forth a vision for a
new era of global cooperation?
What was the climax of the conclave, and how did it
mark the beginning of a new chapter in history?
How did the meeting conclude, and what significant
decision was made that would impact the post-war
world?
Let's Practice
You are a key figure in the war room during World War II,
participating in the epochal meeting among Winston
Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin. Reflect on
the discussions and decisions made during this crucial
gathering.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS50
CLASS 50
ADVERBS IN ALL FORMS
Adverbs are words that modify or describe verbs,
adjectives, or other adverbs. They often provide
information about how, when, where, or to what degree
an action is performed. Adverbs can take various forms
and serve different functions. Here's an overview of
adverbs, including explanations, examples, and types:
Adverbs
Explanation:
Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer questions such as:
How? (e.g., quickly, slowly)1.
When? (e.g., today, now)2.
Where? (e.g., here, everywhere)3.
To what extent? (e.g., very, too)4.
Examples:
She ran quickly to catch the bus. (modifying the verb "ran")1.
The car is moving too slowly. (modifying the adverb "slowly")2.
The movie was very interesting. (modifying the adjective "interesting")3.
They will meet again tomorrow. (modifying the verb "will meet")4.
Types of Adverbs:
Adverbs of Manner: Describe how an action
is performed.
Example: She sings beautifully.
Adverbs of Frequency: Indicate how often
an action occurs.
Example: They go to the gym regularly.
Adverbs of Time: Indicate when an action
takes place.
Example: He will come back soon.
Adverbs of Place: Describe the location of
an action.
Example: The cat is sitting there.
Adverbs of Degree: Modify adjectives or
adverbs to indicate the intensity or extent.
Example: It's very hot today.
Adverbs of Certainty: Express the degree of
certainty or probability.
Example: She will definitely come to the party.
Interrogative Adverbs: Used in asking questions.Example: When will you arrive?
Relative Adverbs: Introduce relative clauses and
answer questions about time, place, or reason.
Example: This is the house where I grew up.
Conjunctive Adverbs: Connect independent
clauses and show relationships between them.
Example: He studied hard; however, he didn't
pass the exam.
Adverbs of Negation: Indicate the absence or
denial of an action.
Example: She did not go to the party.
"The Art of Storytelling"
Paragraph 1: "Good evening, everyone. Today, we delve into the captivating world of storytelling. Stories have
been passed down through generations, captivating audiences with their vivid narratives. Storytelling, both
ancient and modern, serves as a powerful means of communication. It allows us to share experiences, convey
emotions, and connect with others on a profound level."
Paragraph 2: "As we explore the art of storytelling, it becomes evident that the manner in which a story is told
greatly influences its impact. Skilled storytellers engage their audience by speaking expressively and using
gestures to emphasize key points. The pace of narration, whether intentionally slow for suspense or quick for
excitement, is crucial in maintaining the audience's interest."
Paragraph 3: "Moreover, the setting in which a story unfolds plays a significant role. Picture a tale set in a
mysterious forest, with trees whispering secrets in the wind. The storyteller may choose adverbs such as
'mysteriously' or 'intensely' to enhance the atmosphere. Adverbs not only describe actions but also contribute
to creating a rich and immersive storytelling experience."
Paragraph 4: "Listeners, pay attention to the adverbs used in the following story. Notice how they shape the
narrative, providing insights into the characters' emotions and the overall mood. As we listen, consider how the
adverbs contribute to the storytelling craft, making the tale more compelling and memorable."
Paragraph 5: "And now, without further ado, let us embark on a journey into the enchanted realm of
storytelling. Close your eyes, listen carefully, and let the adverbs guide you through the twists and turns of this
captivating narrative."
What is the main focus of the text "The Art of Storytelling" as described in
paragraph 1?
According to paragraph 2, how do skilled storytellers engage their
audience, and why is the pace of narration considered crucial?
In paragraph 3, how does the setting contribute to the storytelling
experience, and what adverbs are suggested to enhance the
atmosphere of a mysterious forest?
Why does the speaker instruct listeners to pay attention to the adverbs
used in the story in paragraph 4? How do adverbs contribute to the
overall impact of storytelling?
In the concluding paragraph (paragraph 5), what does the speaker
encourage the audience to do to fully experience the narrative, and
what role do adverbs play in this suggestion?
Can you think of a personal experience where the use of expressive
language or specific adverbs enhanced the impact of a story you heard
or told?
How might the insights provided about the role of adverbs in storytelling
be applied to other forms of communication, such as writing or
filmmaking?
If the storyteller were to choose adverbs like "excitedly" or "mysteriously"
for the upcoming narrative, what emotions or atmosphere might be
expected in the story?
Questions
adeptly
judiciously
voraciously
ardently
meticulously
invariably
sporadically
perpetually
intermittently
relentlessly
hitherto
henceforth
forthwith
belatedly
presently
therein
hitherto
yonder
therein
thence
exceedingly
surpassingly
markedly
profoundly
conspicuously
unequivocally
incontrovertibly
assuredly
categorically
definitively
Parte 50 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
"The Explorer's Journal"
Paragraph 1: "In the heart of the Amazon rainforest, an intrepid explorer set out on a quest to uncover the mysteries hidden within
its dense foliage. With a backpack filled with essentials, she ventured bravely into the unknown, guided only by a compass and a
burning curiosity. Her journey was not for the faint of heart, as she traversed through mud-caked trails and waded across rivers
teeming with exotic creatures."
Paragraph 2: "Days turned into nights, and the explorer pressed on relentlessly. She encountered tribes whose traditions were as
ancient as the towering trees surrounding them. Communicating effortlessly through gestures and expressions, she shared
stories of her own world, creating a bridge between cultures. Her encounters were not always harmonious, but she faced each
challenge diplomatically, fostering understanding amid diversity."
Paragraph 3: "As she delved deeper into the rainforest, the atmosphere changed dramatically. Sunlight struggled to pierce the
thick canopy, casting an eerie glow on the vegetation below. Adverbs like 'mysteriously' and 'solemnly' describe the profound
moments when the explorer stumbled upon ancient ruins, uncovering the secrets of a civilization lost to time."
Paragraph 4: "Back home, as the explorer documented her findings, she wrote passionately about the delicate balance of nature
and the urgency to preserve it. Her words echoed powerfully through articles and lectures, inspiring a global movement to
protect the world's rainforests. Her journey, though arduous, left an indelible mark on both her and the world."
What emotions did the adverb 'bravely' convey in the explorer's
journey?
How did the explorer handle cultural differences, and which
adverb describes her approach?
In what way did the atmosphere change dramatically as the
explorer went deeper into the rainforest, and which adverbs were
used to describe this change?
How did the explorer document her findings, and which adverb
emphasizes the intensity of her writing?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Describe a Memorable Adventure
Write about a memorable adventure you had, incorporating different types of adverbs to
add depth and detail to your narrative. Consider the use of adverbs of manner, frequency,
time, place, degree, certainty, interrogative adverbs, relative adverbs, conjunctive adverbs,
and adverbs of negation.
Writing Prompt
Let's Practice
Describe a significant personal achievement or accomplishment
in your life, incorporating various types of adverbs to convey the
emotions, challenges, and experiences associated with this
milestone. Use adverbs of manner, frequency, time, place,
degree, certainty, interrogative adverbs, relative adverbs,
conjunctive adverbs, and adverbs of negation.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS51
CLASS 51
HOW TO CONVEY IDEAS APPROPRIATELY
When writing at a C1 level for the Certificate in Advanced
English (CAE), for example, it's important to demonstrate
a sophisticated command of language. Here's a list of
expressions and words you can use to convey ideas:
How to convey ideas
appropriately
1. Illustrating Ideas:
Expression: To exemplify
Example: To exemplify the intricacies of social gender roles, one need look no further
than the workplace, where disparities in opportunities and expectations persist.
2. Comparing and Contrasting:
Expression: In stark contrast
Example: In stark contrast to outdated perceptions, contemporary societies are
gradually recognizing the fluidity inherent in social gender roles.
3. Providing Additional Information:
Expression: Furthermore
Example: Furthermore, the evolution of these roles is deeply intertwined with cultural
shifts and progressive movements advocating for equality.
4. Cause and Effect:
Expression: Consequently
Example: Consequently, the rigid framework of traditional gender roles is being
challenged by a growing awareness of the diverse expressions of gender identity.
5. Expressing Certainty:
Expression: Undoubtedly
Example: Undoubtedly, the fabric of social gender roles is undergoing a
transformation, driven by changing societal attitudes and values.
6. Emphasizing Importance:
Expression: Paramount to this discussion
Example:Paramount to this discussion is the need to foster inclusive environments
that allow individuals to express their gender identity without fear of judgment.
7. Presenting an Opposing View:
Expression: Conversely
Example: Conversely, some argue that preserving traditional gender roles is
essential for maintaining societal stability, emphasizing the importance of a
nuanced dialogue on the subject.
8. Expressing Personal Opinion:
Expression: In my humble opinion
Example: In my humble opinion, embracing the diversity of gender roles enriches our
social tapestry, fostering a more inclusive and compassionate society.
9. Analyzing Perspectives:
Expression: From a multifaceted perspective
Example: From a multifaceted perspective, understanding the fabric of social gender
roles requires an exploration of historical, cultural, and individual dimensions.
10. Summarizing Ideas:
Expression: In essence
Example: In essence, the ongoing redefinition of social gender roles reflects a
broader societal shift towards recognizing and celebrating the uniqueness of each
individual.
A Contemporary Discourse on Social Gender Roles
In contemporary society, the intricate tapestry of social gender roles is undergoing a profound
metamorphosis. To exemplify the intricacies of this evolution, one need only scrutinize the workplace,
where, in stark contrast to outdated perceptions, disparities in opportunities and expectations persist.
However, this is not indicative of a static state; it is, in fact, a testament to the dynamic nature of the
ongoing discourse surrounding gender roles.
Furthermore, the evolution of these roles is deeply intertwined with cultural shifts and progressive
movements advocating for equality. Paramount to this discussion is the need to foster inclusive
environments that allow individuals to express their gender identity without fear of judgment.
Undoubtedly, the fabric of social gender roles is undergoing a transformation, driven by changing
societal attitudes and values.
Consequently, the rigid framework of traditional gender roles is being
challenged by a growing awareness of the diverse expressions of
gender identity. From a multifaceted perspective, understanding the
fabric of social gender roles requires an exploration of historical,
cultural, and individual dimensions. In essence, the ongoing redefinition
of social gender roles reflects a broader societal shift towards
recognizing and celebrating the uniqueness of each individual.
Conversely, some argue that preserving traditional gender roles is
essential for maintaining societal stability, emphasizing the importance
of a nuanced dialogue on the subject. In my humble opinion,
embracing the diversity of gender roles enriches our social tapestry,
fostering a more inclusive and compassionate society.
In conclusion, the fabric of social gender roles is no longer a monolithic
structure but a dynamic, ever-changing mosaic. To engage in this
discourse appropriately, we must recognize the complexity of the issues
at hand and strive for a society where individuals are free to weave
their own narratives within the rich tapestry of human experience.
What is the primary focus of the text, and how does it describe the
evolution of social gender roles?
How does the workplace serve as an illustration of the evolving nature of
gender roles?
In what ways does the text contrast traditional perceptions with
contemporary attitudes towards gender roles?
According to the text, what dimensions are intertwined with the evolution of
social gender roles?
Why does the author suggest that a multifaceted perspective is necessary
to understand the fabric of social gender roles?
What is the author's humble opinion regarding the diversity of gender roles,
and how does this opinion contribute to the overall message of the text?
How does the author suggest that embracing the diversity of gender roles
can impact society?
What opposing view is presented in the text, and how does the author
acknowledge its importance?
How might a nuanced dialogue contribute to a better understanding of
social gender roles, as suggested in the text?
According to the text, what is the impact of the ongoing redefinition of
social gender roles on society?
How does the author describe the fabric of social gender roles as a
"dynamic, ever-changing mosaic"?
Questions
Parte 51 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Text
Title: Dissecting Gender Roles: A Scientific Exploration through Real Numbers and Cases
In the realm of scientific inquiry, delving into the fabric of social gender roles necessitates a rigorous examination of real numbers and
concrete cases. To exemplify the intricacies of gender dynamics, one need only scrutinize statistical data from various fields, such as
employment and education.
In stark contrast to outdated assumptions, the numbers reveal persistent disparities in professional opportunities and wage structures
between genders. However, these statistics are not indicative of a simple cause-and-effect relationship; they are multifaceted, reflecting a
complex interplay of societal expectations, historical precedents, and individual choices.
Furthermore, a paramount aspect of this scientific exploration is the consideration of cases where traditional gender roles may not be
inherently wrong. Scientifically speaking, it is essential to recognize that certain societal structures may align with biological or psychological
predispositions. Undoubtedly, the scientific community must approach this discussion with nuance, avoiding sweeping generalizations and
acknowledging the diversity of individual experiences.
Consequently, a scientist must adopt a multifaceted perspective, examining the convergence of nature and nurture in shaping gender roles.
Exploring the biological dimensions, such as hormonal influences and brain structures, alongside the sociocultural factors, offers a more
comprehensive understanding of the intricate tapestry of gender dynamics.
In my humble opinion, the scientific community plays a crucial role in challenging preconceived notions while respecting the validity of diverse
perspectives. Conversely, disregarding the potential impact of biology on gender roles may hinder our ability to develop inclusive policies and
interventions.
From real-life case studies to numerical analyses, the scientist navigates through a diverse array of data, unraveling the complexities inherent
in discussions surrounding gender roles. In essence, a scientifically informed discourse serves as a guiding light, steering us towards a society
where evidence-based policies foster equality without undermining the importance of individual differences.
In conclusion, the scientist's exploration of gender roles, backed by real numbers and concrete cases, underscores the need for an objective,
nuanced, and inclusive approach. Only through such scientific rigor can we hope to dismantle harmful stereotypes and cultivate an
environment that celebrates the diversity of human experiences.
How does the text emphasize the importance of a scientific approach
in understanding gender roles?
In what ways does the author suggest that statistical data can be
instrumental in this exploration?
According to the text, what do the numbers reveal about disparities in
professional opportunities and wage structures between genders?
How does the author caution against oversimplifying the relationship
between statistics and gender dynamics?
In what context does the author emphasize the need for the scientific
community to recognize cases where traditional gender roles may
not be inherently wrong?
In the author's humble opinion, what role does the scientific
community play in challenging preconceived notions about gender
roles?
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
How might the scientific community contribute to dismantling harmful stereotypes 
while respecting individual differences?
How does the scientist in the text use real-lifecase studies and numerical analyses to unravel the
complexities of gender dynamics?
What role does evidence play in the author's vision of cultivating an environment that celebrates the
diversity of human experiences?
In contemporary society, there is a growing concern about the programmed behavior of
individuals influenced by societal norms, expectations, and technological advancements. In
an essay of approximately 300-350 words, critically analyze the concept of programmed
behavior in society. Explore how societal expectations and technological influences contribute
to conformity and whether this trend has adverse effects on individual autonomy and
creativity. 
Provide specific examples to support your arguments, examining instances where
programmed behavior may hinder personal growth and societal progress. Consider the
ethical implications and propose strategies for individuals and communities to resist and
navigate the pressures of programmed behavior while fostering a more diverse and
innovative society. Demonstrate a nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding
this issue and express your ideas with clarity and depth.
Writing Prompt
Tips for Approaching the Prompt:
Examine how societal norms and expectations influence individual behavior,
potentially leading to programmed and conformist actions.
Discuss the role of technology in shaping societal behavior and explore instances
where it may contribute to programmed behavior.
Draw on real-world examples to illustrate the negative consequences of
programmed behavior on individual autonomy and societal progress.
Consider the ethical implications of programmed behavior, including issues related
to personal freedom, creativity, and diversity of thought.
Propose practical strategies for individuals and communities to resist programmed
behavior and encourage a more innovative and inclusive society.
Use a range of expressions and words to convey your analysis with depth and
sophistication, adhering to the conventions of a C1-level essay.
Let's Practice
Consider the various hazardous behaviors that humans engage in,
whether on an individual or societal level. In a discussion lasting 4-
5 minutes, express your views on the nature of these behaviors,
their underlying causes, and the potential consequences. Provide
specific examples to illustrate your points, and consider the role of
societal influences, personal responsibility, and external factors. 
Additionally, discuss possible strategies for addressing and
mitigating hazardous behaviors, both on a personal and societal
scale. Support your arguments with relevant evidence and
encourage your fellow speakers to share their perspectives on this
complex and significant issue. Aim for a balanced and thoughtful
discussion that delves into the complexities of hazardous
behaviors and the various approaches to addressing them.
Homework Time! 
Lesson 51
Convey ideas on the last thing that
was released in your country
(products and app services).
Describe what is the service
provided and give your review and
ideas on how that business could
be better.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS52
CLASS 52
INVERSION WITH NEGATIVE ADVERBIALS REVIEW
Explore your imagination and speculate on how the world might meet its end. Consider
various factors such as environmental issues, technological advancements, societal
challenges, or any other elements that may contribute to the end of civilization. Write a
narrative that delves into the causes, consequences, and potential lessons humanity could
learn from such a scenario.
Writing Prompt
Environmental Catastrophes
In recent years, the specter of environmental catastrophe has loomed ever larger on the global stage.
The relentless march of climate change, spurred on by human activities, has positioned itself as a
formidable contender for bringing about the end of the world as we know it. The rise in global
temperatures, melting polar ice caps, and extreme weather events all point to a planet in distress.
Scientists warn of a cascade effect, where the destabilization of one ecosystem triggers a domino
effect on others, leading to a catastrophic chain reaction. If unchecked, this environmental freefall
could spell the demise of countless species, including our own.
Furthermore, the reckless exploitation of natural resources and the rampant deforestation threaten
the delicate balance that sustains life on Earth. The loss of biodiversity, often referred to as the "sixth
extinction," could have far-reaching consequences, disrupting ecosystems and compromising our
ability to adapt to changing conditions. As we continue to push the boundaries of our planet's
capacity, we must confront the possibility that environmental degradation, coupled with climate
change, may ultimately lead to a point of no return, where the world, as we know it, faces an
irreversible decline.
What are some key indicators of environmental
distress mentioned in the text?
How do scientists describe the potential cascade
effect in the context of environmental
degradation?
Explain the concept of the "sixth extinction" as
discussed in the text. What are its potential
consequences?
What role do human activities play in contributing
to climate change, according to the text?
In what ways might the loss of biodiversity impact
ecosystems and the planet as a whole?
Questions
Let's Practice
Discuss your ideas on preventing a catastrophic end to the world.
Consider solutions on a global scale, encompassing
environmental sustainability, technological responsibility, and
societal harmony. 
Share your thoughts on how individuals, communities, and nations
can contribute to averting potential crises. What proactive
measures do you believe are crucial for ensuring a sustainable
and thriving future for our planet?
Parte 52 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Technological Dystopia
While environmental concerns grab headlines, another equally ominous scenario lurks in the realm of
advancing technology. The rapid pace of technological development, particularly in the fields of
artificial intelligence and biotechnology, raises legitimate concerns about the potential for a dystopian
future. The idea that sentient machines, surpassing human intelligence, might pose an existential threat
is no longer confined to the realms of science fiction. The notion of a technological singularity, where
machines surpass human intelligence and take control, is a haunting prospect that futurists and
ethicists grapple with.
Biotechnological advancements, meanwhile, open Pandora's box with the potential for catastrophic
unintended consequences. The manipulation of genetics and the creation of genetically modified
organisms could spiral out of control, leading to unforeseen ecological and health crises. The
convergence of these technological threats, coupled with the growing reliance on interconnected
systems, raises the specter of a global technological meltdown, wherein our creations turn against us or,
in the pursuit of progress, inadvertently unleash irreversible chaos.
In contemplating the potential ways the world may end, it is crucial to acknowledge that these
scenarios are not mutually exclusive. The intersection of environmental and technological challenges
creates a complex web of potential threats that necessitates a collective and informed response from
humanity. Only through proactive measures, global cooperation, and ethical advancements can we
hope to avert these ominous futures and strive for a more resilient and sustainable world.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What technological advancements are highlighted as potential
threats in the text?
Explain the concept of the technological singularity and its
potential implications for the future.
How might the manipulation of genetics and the creation of
genetically modified organisms lead to unintended
consequences, according to the text?
Discuss the potential risks associated with machines surpassinghuman intelligence and taking control, as mentioned in the text.
In what ways could interconnected systems contribute to a global
technological meltdown, according to the text?
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT SOCIAL AWKWARDNESS!
Vocabulary:
Disconcerting:
Definition: Causing one to feel unsettled or confused.
Example: The sudden change in his mood was
disconcerting to everyone present.
Faltering:
Definition: Hesitating or wavering in action or
speech.
Example: The faltering conversation revealed the
underlying tension in the room.
Gaffe:
Definition: An unintentional act or remark causing
embarrassment to its originator.
Example: His unintentional gaffe at the dinner table
left everyone speechless.
Stilted Conversation:
Definition: A conversation that feels awkward or
forced.
Example: The dialogue between them was stilted,
and neither knew what to say.
Social Faux Pas:
Definition: A social mistake or blunder.
Example: Making a joke about a sensitive topic was a
social faux pas.
Miscommunication:
Definition: Failure to communicate effectively,
leading to confusion or awkwardness.
Example: The miscommunication between them
resulted in an awkward misunderstanding.
Cultural Divide:
Definition: Differences in customs, values, or
behaviors that lead to awkwardness.
Example: There was a cultural divide that made the
exchange slightly awkward.
Lingering Silence:
Definition: A prolonged period of quiet, often
uncomfortable.
Example: The lingering silence in the room made
everyone uneasy.
Define the term "socially awkward" and provide an example of someone exhibiting socially
awkward behavior in a social setting.
How does the term "cringeworthy" differ from "embarrassing"? Can you give an example of a
cringeworthy moment?
Explain what is meant by a "social faux pas" and share a situation where someone might
unintentionally commit a social faux pas.
In what ways can a "lingering silence" contribute to the overall awkwardness of a situation?
Provide an example.
Describe a scenario where a "miscommunication" leads to an awkward misunderstanding
between two individuals
What is the significance of the term "stilted conversation"? How might a stilted conversation
affect the dynamics between people?
Let’s Talk!
Discuss the concept of a "cultural divide" and explain
how it can contribute to awkwardness in
interpersonal interactions.
How does the term "gaffe" differ from a simple
mistake? Provide an example of a situation where
someone makes a gaffe.
In your opinion, which word or phrase from the
provided vocabulary best captures the essence of an
exceptionally awkward situation, and why?
Think about a time when you experienced an
awkward situation. Which words or phrases from the
vocabulary would you use to describe that situation?
Let’s Talk!
Talk about awkward situations and get your opinion on the
conversation you are having with your teacher! Let's talk about it!
Let's practice some
vocabulary with your teacher?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS53
CLASS 53
VOCABULARY REVIEW 2
When writing at a C1 level for the Certificate in Advanced
English (CAE), for example, it's important to demonstrate
a sophisticated command of language. Here's a list of
expressions and words you can use to convey ideas:
How to convey
ideas appropriately
1. Illustrating Ideas:
Expression: To exemplify
Example: To exemplify the intricacies of social gender roles, one need look no further 
than the workplace, where disparities in opportunities and expectations persist.
2. Comparing and Contrasting:
Expression: In stark contrast
Example: In stark contrast to outdated perceptions, contemporary societies 
are gradually recognizing the fluidity inherent in social gender roles.
3. Providing Additional Information:
Expression: Furthermore
Example: Furthermore, the evolution of these roles is deeply intertwined with 
cultural shifts and progressive movements advocating for equality.
4. Cause and Effect:
Expression: Consequently
Example: Consequently, the rigid framework of traditional gender roles is being 
challenged by a growing awareness of the diverse expressions of gender identity.
5. Expressing Certainty:
Expression: Undoubtedly
Example: Undoubtedly, the fabric of social gender roles is undergoing a 
transformation, driven by changing societal attitudes and values.
8. Emphasizing Importance:
Expression: Paramount to this discussion
Example: Paramount to this discussion is the need to foster inclusive environments that allow
individuals to express their gender identity without fear of judgment.
7. Presenting an Opposing View:
Expression: Conversely
Example: Conversely, some argue that preserving traditional gender roles is 
essential for maintaining societal stability, emphasizing the importance of a 
nuanced dialogue on the subject.
8. Expressing Personal Opinion:
Expression: In my humble opinion
Example: In my humble opinion, embracing the diversity of gender roles enriches 
our social tapestry, fostering a more inclusive and compassionate society.
9. Analyzing Perspectives:
Expression: From a multifaceted perspective
Example: From a multifaceted perspective, understanding the fabric of social 
gender roles requires an exploration of historical, cultural, and individual dimensions.
10. Summarizing Ideas:
Expression: In essence
Example: In essence, the ongoing redefinition of social gender roles reflects a 
broader societal shift towards recognizing and celebrating the uniqueness of 
each individual.
A Contemporary Discourse on Social Gender Roles
In contemporary society, the intricate tapestry of social gender roles is undergoing a profound
metamorphosis. To exemplify the intricacies of this evolution, one need only scrutinize the
workplace, where, in stark contrast to outdated perceptions, disparities in opportunities and
expectations persist. However, this is not indicative of a static state; it is, in fact, a testament to the
dynamic nature of the ongoing discourse surrounding gender roles.
Furthermore, the evolution of these roles is deeply intertwined with cultural shifts and progressive
movements advocating for equality. Paramount to this discussion is the need to foster inclusive
environments that allow individuals to express their gender identity without fear of judgment.
Undoubtedly, the fabric of social gender roles is undergoing a transformation, driven by changing
societal attitudes and values.
Consequently, the rigid framework of traditional gender roles is being
challenged by a growing awareness of the diverse expressions of
gender identity. From a multifaceted perspective, understanding the
fabric of social gender roles requires an exploration of historical,
cultural, and individual dimensions. In essence, the ongoing redefinition
of social gender roles reflects a broader societal shift towards
recognizing and celebrating the uniqueness of each individual.
Conversely, some argue that preserving traditional gender roles is
essential for maintaining societal stability, emphasizing the
importance of a nuanced dialogue on the subject. In my humble
opinion, embracing the diversity of gender roles enriches our social
tapestry, fostering a more inclusive and compassionate society.
In conclusion, the fabric of social gender roles is no longer a monolithic
structure but a dynamic, ever-changing mosaic. To engage in this
discourse appropriately, we must recognize the complexity of the
issues at hand and strive for a society where individuals are free to
weave their own narratives within the rich tapestry of human
experience.
What is the primary focus of the text, and how does it
describe the evolution of social gender roles?
1.
How does the workplace serve as an illustrationof the
evolving nature of gender roles?
2.
In what ways does the text contrast traditional
perceptions with contemporary attitudes towards
gender roles?
3.
According to the text, what dimensions are intertwined
with the evolution of social gender roles?
4.
Why does the author suggest that a multifaceted
perspective is necessary to understand the fabric of
social gender roles?
5.
Questions
What is the author's humble opinion regarding the
diversity of gender roles, and how does this opinion
contribute to the overall message of the text?
How does the author suggest that embracing the
diversity of gender roles can impact society?
What opposing view is presented in the text, and how
does the author acknowledge its importance?
How might a nuanced dialogue contribute to a better
understanding of social gender roles, as suggested
in the text?
According to the text, what is the impact of the
ongoing redefinition of social gender roles on
society?
How does the author describe the fabric of social
gender roles as a "dynamic, ever-changing mosaic"?
Parte 53 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
Title: Dissecting Gender Roles: A Scientific Exploration through Real Numbers and Cases
In the realm of scientific inquiry, delving into the fabric of social gender roles necessitates a rigorous examination of real numbers and
concrete cases. To exemplify the intricacies of gender dynamics, one need only scrutinize statistical data from various fields, such as
employment and education.
In stark contrast to outdated assumptions, the numbers reveal persistent disparities in professional opportunities and wage structures
between genders. However, these statistics are not indicative of a simple cause-and-effect relationship; they are multifaceted,
reflecting a complex interplay of societal expectations, historical precedents, and individual choices.
Furthermore, a paramount aspect of this scientific exploration is the consideration of cases where traditional gender roles may not be
inherently wrong. Scientifically speaking, it is essential to recognize that certain societal structures may align with biological or
psychological predispositions. Undoubtedly, the scientific community must approach this discussion with nuance, avoiding sweeping
generalizations and acknowledging the diversity of individual experiences.
Consequently, a scientist must adopt a multifaceted perspective, examining the convergence of nature and nurture in shaping gender
roles. Exploring the biological dimensions, such as hormonal influences and brain structures, alongside the sociocultural factors, offers
a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate tapestry of gender dynamics.
In my humble opinion, the scientific community plays a crucial role in challenging preconceived notions while respecting the validity of
diverse perspectives. Conversely, disregarding the potential impact of biology on gender roles may hinder our ability to develop
inclusive policies and interventions.
From real-life case studies to numerical analyses, the scientist navigates through a diverse array of data, unraveling the complexities
inherent in discussions surrounding gender roles. In essence, a scientifically informed discourse serves as a guiding light, steering us
towards a society where evidence-based policies foster equality without undermining the importance of individual differences.
In conclusion, the scientist's exploration of gender roles, backed by real numbers and concrete cases, underscores the need for an
objective, nuanced, and inclusive approach. Only through such scientific rigor can we hope to dismantle harmful stereotypes and
cultivate an environment that celebrates the diversity of human experiences.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
How does the text emphasize the importance of a scientific
approach in understanding gender roles?
In what ways does the author suggest that statistical data can be
instrumental in this exploration?
According to the text, what do the numbers reveal about
disparities in professional opportunities and wage structures
between genders?
How does the author caution against oversimplifying the
relationship between statistics and gender dynamics?
In what context does the author emphasize the need for the
scientific community to recognize cases where traditional gender
roles may not be inherently wrong?
In the author's humble opinion, what role does the scientific community play in challenging
preconceived notions about gender roles?
How might the scientific community contribute to dismantling harmful stereotypes while respecting
individual differences?
How does the scientist in the text use real-life case studies and numerical analyses to unravel the
complexities of gender dynamics?
What role does evidence play in the author's vision of cultivating an environment that celebrates the
diversity of human experiences?
In contemporary society, there is a growing concern about the programmed behavior of
individuals influenced by societal norms, expectations, and technological advancements. In an
essay of approximately 300-350 words, critically analyze the concept of programmed behavior in
society. Explore how societal expectations and technological influences contribute to conformity
and whether this trend has adverse effects on individual autonomy and creativity. 
Provide specific examples to support your arguments, examining instances where programmed
behavior may hinder personal growth and societal progress. Consider the ethical implications
and propose strategies for individuals and communities to resist and navigate the pressures of
programmed behavior while fostering a more diverse and innovative society. Demonstrate a
nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding this issue and express your ideas with
clarity and depth.
Writing Prompt
Tips for Approaching the Prompt:
Examine how societal norms and expectations influence individual
behavior, potentially leading to programmed and conformist actions.
Discuss the role of technology in shaping societal behavior and explore
instances where it may contribute to programmed behavior.
Draw on real-world examples to illustrate the negative consequences
of programmed behavior on individual autonomy and societal
progress.
Consider the ethical implications of programmed behavior, including
issues related to personal freedom, creativity, and diversity of thought.
Propose practical strategies for individuals and communities to resist
programmed behavior and encourage a more innovative and inclusive
society.
Use a range of expressions and words to convey your analysis with
depth and sophistication, adhering to the conventions of a C1-level
essay.
Writing Prompt
Consider the various hazardous behaviors that humans engage in,
whether on an individual or societal level. In a discussion lasting 4-5
minutes, express your views on the nature of these behaviors, their
underlying causes, and the potential consequences. 
Provide specific examples to illustrate your points, and consider the
role of societal influences, personal responsibility, and external factors.
Additionally, discuss possible strategies for addressing and mitigating
hazardous behaviors, both on a personal and societal scale. 
Support your arguments with relevant evidence and encourage your
fellow speakers to share their perspectives on this complex and
significant issue. Aim for a balanced and thoughtful discussion that
delves into the complexities of hazardous behaviors and the various
approaches to addressing them.
Let's Practice
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS54
CLASS 54
4 AREAS
Excerpt 1: Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune,
must be in want of a wife."
QUESTIONS:
What is the central theme of this passage?
Hint: Consider the societal expectations and values implied in the statement.
How does the author use language to convey emotions or createindustry developments and constantly
checking in on customer feedback. Sarah's knack for coming up with innovative solutions
allowed her to stay ahead of the competition.
One of the keys to Sarah's success is her skill in bringing in talented individuals to join her team.
She believes in the power of collaboration and often reaches out to experts in the field. Sarah is
also skilled at playing down conflicts within the team and working through differences
constructively.
Sarah's workdays are often filled with various tasks, but she ensures to
carve out time for strategic planning. She regularly checks off goals from
her to-do list, always looking forward to the next challenge. Sarah
understands the importance of stepping back occasionally to reflect on
the bigger picture.
Despite the demanding nature of her work, Sarah knows when to switch off
and wind down. She enjoys hanging out with friends and family, finding that
these moments of relaxation contribute to her overall well-being.
As Sarah's business continues to grow steadily, she remains committed to
giving back to the community. She believes in the concept of social
responsibility and often takes on projects that contribute to the betterment
of society.
Sarah's entrepreneurial journey is a testament to her ability to work through
challenges, bring in innovation, and balance professional success with
personal fulfillment.
Questions
What motivated Sarah Mitchell to leave her
corporate job and start her own business?
1.
How did Sarah navigate the challenges in the
early days of her business?
2.
What role does perseverance play in Sarah's
entrepreneurial journey?
3.
In what ways does Sarah stay ahead of the
competition and adapt to market trends?
4.
Identify and use the phrasal verbs in the text, in
new phrases.
5.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS7
CLASS 7
4 AREAS OF ENGLISH
Entertainment
Entertainment is a diverse and vast field that
encompasses various forms of amusement, leisure,
and enjoyment. Here are some common categories
of entertainment:
HERE ARE SOME OPTIONS OF ENTERTAINMENT. WHAT
OTHERS WOULD YOU ADD HERE?
MUSIC BOOKS AND
LITERATURE
VIDEO GAMES
MOVIES AND
TV SHOWS
SPORTS AMUSEMENT
PARKS
The Evolving Landscape of
Entertainment
Entertainment reflects our culture, changing with society. Today, technology merges with
creativity, transforming how we amuse ourselves.
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) offer immersive experiences, letting us explore
new worlds. Streaming services have replaced traditional TV, giving us endless options for
shows and movies.
Esports, competitive video gaming, has become a major form of entertainment, drawing huge
crowds and making stars of gamers. Influencers on social media shape trends, showing the link
between entertainment and online presence.
Traditional entertainment adapts too, with theaters using technology in live performances and
books turning into movies.
In all, entertainment keeps evolving, blending tech, creativity, and societal changes, reflecting
our desires and interests.
Entertainment reflects our culture, changing with society. Today,
technology merges with creativity, transforming how we amuse
ourselves.
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) offer immersive
experiences, letting us explore new worlds. Streaming services have
replaced traditional TV, giving us endless options for shows and
movies.
Esports, competitive video gaming, has become a major form of
entertainment, drawing huge crowds and making stars of gamers.
Influencers on social media shape trends, showing the link between
entertainment and online presence.
Traditional entertainment adapts too, with theaters using technology
in live performances and books turning into movies.
In all, entertainment keeps evolving, blending tech, creativity, and
societal changes, reflecting our desires and interests.
Questions
Do you think virtual reality and augmented reality
will change entertainment significantly? How might
this affect traditional forms like movies and theater?
1.
Is esports a legitimate form of entertainment
comparable to traditional sports? Why or why not?
2.
What impact do social media influencers have on
shaping entertainment trends? Are they genuine
tastemakers?
3.
Does binge-watching enhance or detract from the
enjoyment of TV shows and movies? How does it
affect our viewing habits?
4.
How does the use of technology in traditional
entertainment, like digital effects in theater,
influence the artistic experience?
5.
Parte 7 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
Movie Night Discussion
Person 1 (P1): Hey there! Glad you could make it. Excited
for this movie?
Person 2 (P2): Absolutely! I've heard it's a cinematic
masterpiece. Have you read any reviews?
P1: Yeah, I skimmed through a couple. Critics are raving
about the director's unique vision and the lead actor's
stellar performance.
P2: Nice, always good to go in with high expectations. So,
what's the storyline about?
P1: Well, it's a psychological thriller with a touch of
surrealism. The protagonist grapples with his own reality
as he navigates a world that blurs the lines between
dreams and consciousness.
P2: Sounds intriguing. I love movies that mess with your
mind a bit. Any standout scenes I should watch out for?
P1: There's this one scene—the cinematography is mind-
blowing. It's a single, uninterrupted take that lasts for
about five minutes. The tension builds up, and you can
feel it in the air. It's like you're right there with the
characters.
P2: Wow, that sounds intense! I appreciate films that
experiment with the art of filmmaking.
Sound of the movie starting, background music playing.
Text
P1: (whispering) And here we go! Keep an eye out for the
symbolism; it's layered throughout the film. Adds another
dimension to the storytelling.
P2: (whispering) Will do. By the way, did you catch the director's
previous work? I heard this one's a departure from his usual style.
P1: Yeah, his last film was more of a character-driven drama. This
one seems like a conscious shift into the surreal. It's exciting when
directors explore new territories.
P2: Absolutely. It keeps things fresh and challenges the audience.
How about the soundtrack?
P1: Oh, it's phenomenal. The composer created a sonic landscape
that complements the movie's atmosphere perfectly. It's like the
music becomes another character in the narrative.
P2: I'm looking forward to that immersive experience. Okay, no
more spoilers; let's enjoy the ride.
Sound of them settling in, absorbed in the movie.
P1: (after the movie) So, what did you think?
P2: (thoughtful) It was an experience, to say the least. The
symbolism, the cinematography, and that soundtrack—it all came
together seamlessly. I need some time to process it all.
P1: (smiling) That's the mark of a good film. Something that lingers
in your thoughts. Ready for a post-movie discussion over coffee?
P2: Absolutely. Let's dissect this cinematic journey.
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
How do P1 and P2 express their excitement about the movie
before watching it? What do they discuss?
What specific aspect of the movie's storyline intrigues P2? How
does P1 describe it?
What scene does P1 highlight to P2 as particularly impressive?
What effect does P1 say it has on the viewer?
Before the movie starts, what do P1 and P2 discuss about the
director's previous work? How does this affect their expectations
for the current film?
After watching the movie, how does P2 describe their reaction?
What does P1 suggest they do next?
Talk about things you get entertained by
and describe your entertainment habits in
5 minutes using the vocabulary seen so far!
Writing Exercise: 
Write an essay on how technology, changing consumer behavior, and new artistic
forms have transformed entertainment. Discuss the impact of streaming, virtual
reality, and social media on traditional entertainment. Evaluate whether these
changes improve or worsen the entertainmentatmosphere?
Hint: Analyze the tone and style of the sentence. What emotions or atmosphere does it evoke?
Discuss the significance of this opening line in relation to the novel's plot and themes.
Hint: Consider the social context of the time and how this statement sets the stage for the events in
the story.
Excerpt 2: 1984 by George Orwell
"War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength."
QUESTIONS:
What is the central theme conveyed through these paradoxical statements?
Hint: Explore the dystopian nature of the novel and the manipulation of language.
How does the author use language to convey the disturbing reality of the world depicted in the
novel?
Hint: Analyze the impact of the contradictory statements on the reader's perception.
Discuss the significance of these slogans in the context of the novel's exploration of power and
control.
Hint: Consider the political and social commentary embedded in these slogans.
Excerpt 3: To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... Until
you climb into his skin and walk around in it."
QUESTIONS:
What is the central theme conveyed through this empathetic statement?
Hint: Explore the theme of understanding and empathy in the novel.
How does the author use language to convey the importance of seeing the world from others'
perspectives?
Hint: Analyze the metaphor and its impact on the reader's perception of the characters.
Discuss the significance of this advice in the context of the novel's exploration of racial injustice
and moral growth.
Hint: Consider its relevance to the characters' development and the broader social issues
addressed in the story.
Parte 54 - Listening
Listen to the conversation and
answer the questions:
In the year 1866, the world was abuzz with rumors of a mysterious sea monster that had been
wreaking havoc on ships across the globe. Professor Pierre Aronnax, a renowned marine biologist,
set out on a perilous journey aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln to unravel the truth behind these
perplexing events. Little did he know that this voyage would lead him to the enigmatic Captain
Nemo and the extraordinary Nautilus.
Narrator: As the Abraham Lincoln pursued the elusive creature, the crew found themselves face to
face with a metallic behemoth beneath the waves. It was the Nautilus, a submarine like no other,
commanded by the enigmatic Captain Nemo. The professor, along with his loyal servant Conseil
and the Canadian whaler Ned Land, was taken aboard the Nautilus, where they marveled at its
advanced technology and explored the wonders of the deep sea.
Narrator: Captain Nemo, a man driven by a deep disdain for the surface world, shared his
underwater utopia with his newfound guests. The Nautilus, a vessel ahead of its time, allowed them
to witness the marvels of the ocean's depths. As they ventured further into the abyss, Professor
Aronnax documented the mesmerizing marine life, from vibrant coral reefs to elusive sea
creatures, creating a chronicle of their unprecedented underwater journey.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What is the most important “ingredient” for a great adventure?
Do you know who Julio Verne was?
What was the craziest adventure you’ve ever lived?
Are you a thalassophobic?
Do you know how to swim? When and with whom have you
learned?
Excerpt:
"Alice started to her feet, for the White Rabbit was talking in a hurried, nervous manner, and hurried off.
Alice followed him, and she was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole, under the hedge,
and in another moment, down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to
get out again."
Writing Prompt:
Continue the story from the point where Alice goes down the rabbit hole. Explore the strange and
whimsical world she discovers, introduce new characters, and create unexpected challenges for Alice
to face. How does she navigate this fantastical realm, and what lessons might she learn along the way?
Writing Prompt
Let's Practice
Tell us about the most beautiful, the scariest or even the
most romantic story you’ve ever read or lived! We’re all
ears!
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS55
CLASS 55
REVIEW FUTURE PERFECT AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS
The future perfect tense is used to describe an action
that will be completed at some point in the future before
another action or time. It is formed by using the future
auxiliary verb "will have" followed by the past participle of
the main verb.
Future Perfect
Usage:
Completed Action Before Another in the
Future:
It is used when you want to emphasize
that one action will be completed before
another action takes place in the future.
Example: By the time the guests arrive,
we will have decorated the entire house.
Predictions about the Past:
It can be used to make predictions about
an action that will be completed before a
specific point in the future, looking back
from that point.
Example: By the end of the year, they will
have achieved all their goals.
Structure:
Positive: Subject + will have + past
participle
Example: She will have finished
her project by tomorrow.
Negative: Subject + will not have +
past participle (or won't have)
Example: They won't have
arrived by the time we leave.
Interrogative: Will + subject + have
+ past participle?
Example: Will you have
completed the assignment by
Friday?
The future perfect continuous tense, also known as the
future perfect progressive, describes the duration of an
action that will be ongoing up to a certain point in the
future. It is formed by using the future perfect of the
auxiliary verb "will have been" followed by the present
participle (base verb + -ing).
Future Perfect
Continuous
Usage:
Duration before a Specific Time in the
Future:
It is used when you want to emphasize
the duration of an ongoing action that will
continue until a specific point in the
future.
Example: By the time you arrive, I will have
been waiting for two hours.
Emphasizing the Progression of an Activity:
It helps in emphasizing the continuous
nature of an action leading up to a future
point.
Example: By next month, they will have
been living in the new house for a year.
Structure:
Positive: Subject + will have been +
present participle
Example: By 5 PM, she will have
been working for eight hours.
Negative: Subject + will not have
been + present participle (or won't
have been)
Example: They won't have been
waiting for too long when the bus
arrives.
Interrogative: Will + subject + have
been + present participle?
Example: Will you have been
studying all night for the exam?
As the fashion industry continues to evolve, designers
around the world are tirelessly working on
groundbreaking projects. By the end of the year,
many fashion houses will have launched innovative
collections that will redefine the trends for the next
season.
Meanwhile, fashion enthusiasts eagerly anticipate
the arrival of these collections. By the time the New
York Fashion Week kicks off, fashionistas will have
been buzzing with excitement for weeks. Social
media platforms will have been flooded with sneak
peeks, and fashion bloggers will have been creating
anticipation with their exclusive insights.
Designers, too, will have been working day and night
to perfect their creations. The ateliers will have been
bustling with activity as skilled artisans meticulously
craft each piece. By the time the runway lights
illuminate the stage, months of dedication and
creativity will have been poured into every stitch and
detail.
Not only will fashion shows showcase the future of style,
but they will also have been setting the stage for the
upcoming trends. Attendees and viewers alike will have
been witnessing the birth of fashion statements that
will have been influencing wardrobes globally.
As fashion continues to push boundaries, by the next
decade, sustainable and ethical practices will have
been incorporated into mainstream design. Designers
will have been prioritizingexperience and consider their future
implications for the industry and society.
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS8
CLASS 8
PRONOUNS REVIEW
Pronouns Review
Pronouns are words that replace nouns to make
sentences less repetitive and more concise. There
are several types of pronouns, each serving a
specific function. Here's a review of different types
of pronouns with explanations, try to create a
sentence using each of them
Pronouns
Here are some common examples of pronouns:
Personal Pronouns:
Personal pronouns replace specific
nouns and vary based on the person
(first, second, or third) and number
(singular or plural).
Examples: I, me, you, he, she, it, we,
us, they, them
Possessive Pronouns:
Possessive pronouns show ownership
or possession and do not require an
additional noun.
Examples: mine, yours, his, hers, its,
ours, theirs
Reflexive Pronouns:
Reflexive pronouns refer to the subject
of a sentence and emphasize the action
performed by that subject.
Examples: myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,
themselves
Demonstrative Pronouns:
Demonstrative pronouns point to
specific things and indicate whether
they are near or far in relation to the
speaker.
Examples: this, that, these, those
Relative Pronouns:
Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses
and connect them to the main clause. They
include information about the noun they
refer to.
Examples: who, whom, whose, which, that
Interrogative Pronouns:
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask
questions and seek information about a
noun.
Examples: who, whom, whose, which, what
Indefinite Pronouns:
Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific or
unknown people, things, or amounts.
Examples: all, another, any, anybody,
anyone, anything, both, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything etc. 
Reciprocal Pronouns:
Reciprocal pronouns indicate a
mutual action or relationship
between two or more people.
Examples: each other, one
another
Intensive Pronouns:
Intensive pronouns emphasize a
preceding noun or pronoun,
adding emphasis but not
changing the meaning of the
sentence.
Examples: myself, yourself,
himself, herself, itself etc. 
"A Day in the City"
Anna sat at the café, sipping her coffee and observing the bustling city around her. She
loved the energy of urban life, with its myriad sounds and sights. Today, she was meeting her
friends for lunch, and they had chosen a new restaurant known for its eclectic menu.
As she waited for her friends, Anna couldn't help but eavesdrop on the conversation at the
neighboring table. A couple was discussing their recent trip, sharing stories about the places
they had visited. It reminded Anna of a travel blog she had read earlier, where the author
detailed his adventures in far-off lands.
Her friends, James and Sarah, finally arrived. They apologized for being late, explaining that
they had lost their way in the city. Anna laughed it off, assuring them that it was easy to get
turned around in the labyrinthine streets.
During lunch, the trio discussed various topics, including a recent movie that they had all
watched. Sarah shared her opinion on the film, praising the performances of the actors.
James, on the other hand, found himself more drawn to the cinematography.
After lunch, the friends decided to visit an art gallery that Anna
had read about. It was known for showcasing contemporary
pieces that challenged traditional notions of art. As they explored
the gallery, Anna couldn't help but be intrigued by a sculpture
that seemed to evoke different emotions in each viewer.
Later in the day, Anna found herself drawn to a street musician
playing soulful tunes on his guitar. The music resonated with her,
bringing back memories of a concert she had attended with her
family.
As the sun set, the friends decided to head to a rooftop bar for
drinks. The panoramic view of the city stretched out before them,
and Anna felt a sense of contentment. This was the kind of day
she cherished – filled with diverse experiences and shared
moments with friends.
Questions
How do the different elements described in the text, such as
music, art, and the urban landscape, contribute to
characterizing the protagonist Anna?
1.
What insights can be gained from analyzing the various
reactions of individuals to the sculpture in the art gallery? How
do these reactions enhance our understanding of the themes
explored in the narrative?
2.
How does the narrative about Anna's experiences in the city
reflect a broader message about the importance of exploring
and appreciating the cultural and social richness around us?
3.
Have you ever had a day similar to the one described in the
text, full of varied experiences in an urban setting? How would
you describe that experience?
4.
What are the elements of urban life that you most appreciate
or find most captivating? Why?
5.
How do you think shared experiences with friends in urban
environments differ from individual experiences? Do you have
a preference for a specific type of experience?
6.
Talk about the last group trip you took, describing preferences, sights
you visited, and how everyone enjoyed the trip!
Ex: On New Year's Eve, my friends and I went camping in...
Parte 8 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
"A Journey Across Continents"
Narrator (N): Welcome to "Wanderlust Chronicles," where today, we embark on a thrilling journey with a group of avid travelers.
Each person has a unique story to tell, filled with personal experiences and reflections. Let's dive into their adventure!
Person 1 (P1): Last year, my partner and I decided to explore Southeast Asia. We started our journey in Thailand, immersing
ourselves in the vibrant culture. From the bustling streets of Bangkok to the serene beaches of Phuket, every moment was
unforgettable.
Person 2 (P2): During our trip, we discovered hidden gems that we wouldn't have found without the help of the locals. They
graciously welcomed us into their homes, sharing their traditions and stories. It made the experience truly authentic.
Person 3 (P3): My friends and I opted for a more unconventional route. We chose to travel overland through Europe, relying on
trains and buses. It allowed us to witness the diverse landscapes and cultures, from the historic cities of Prague and Budapest
to the picturesque countryside of Tuscany.
Person 4 (P4): While exploring the Greek Islands, I found myself in awe of the crystal-clear waters and ancient ruins. It was a
solo adventure, and I cherished the opportunity to navigate the narrow streets of Santorini and indulge in the local cuisine all
by myself.
Person 5 (P5): We decided to visit South America, and every day was an adventure. From the lively markets of Peru to the
breathtaking landscapes of Patagonia, it felt like a dream. Our group became like a second family, supporting each other
throughout the highs and lows of the journey.
Narrator: As these travel enthusiasts share their stories, we witness the power of exploration, connection, and self-discovery.
Whether it's a solo expedition or a group adventure, the impact of travel on individuals is profound.
Background music fades out
Narrator: So, dear listeners, what about you? What kind of traveler are you, and where do you dream of venturing next? Share
your stories and let the spirit of wanderlust inspire your next adventure.
Practice
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
What countries did each traveler visit on their journey?
How did the travelers interact with locals during their trips?
How did the mode of transportation chosen by each
traveler affect their experiences?
What lessons can be learned from the travelers'
experiences about the value of exploring different cultures
and landscapes?
CONVERSATION CLASS!
LET'S TALK ABOUT SICKNESS
On the next slide, you'll see a sequence of words
related to health and illness. Take a look and identify
the ones you already know and the ones that are new
to you. Take a momentto create complete sentences
using the new words you've learned.
Sickness
Illness: A general term for being unwell.
Disease: A specific medical condition with identifiable symptoms.
Ailment: A minor health condition.
Affliction: A condition that causes pain, suffering, or distress.
Disorder: An abnormal physical or mental condition.
Infection: The invasion and multiplication of harmful microorganisms in the body.
Symptoms: 
Fever: Elevated body temperature, often a sign of infection.
Fatigue: Extreme tiredness or exhaustion.
Nausea: Feeling the need to vomit.
Headache: Pain in the head.
Chills: A feeling of coldness, often accompanied by shivering.
Sore Throat: Pain or irritation in the throat.
Cough: A sudden, sharp expulsion of air from the lungs.
Congestion: Blockage or obstruction, often referring to nasal congestion.
Medical Terms:
Diagnosis: Identification of a disease or condition.
Prescription: A written order for a medication.
Treatment: Medical care for an illness or injury.
Remedy: A treatment or solution for a health problem.
Recovery: The process of returning to a normal state of health.
Common Ailments:
Flu: Influenza, a contagious respiratory illness.
Cold: A viral infection affecting the nose and throat.
Allergy: A hypersensitive reaction to a substance.
Migraine: A severe headache often accompanied by nausea and 
light sensitivity.
Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
Can you share a time when you had a health scare that turned out to be nothing
serious? How did it affect your perspective on health afterward?
Have you ever experimented with unconventional or holistic approaches to treating
minor ailments or discomforts? What was your experience like?
Reflecting on past illnesses, were there any unexpected lessons or insights you gained
about your body's resilience or vulnerabilities?
Can you recall a particularly memorable experience of overcoming a health challenge
through sheer determination or unconventional methods?
Share a story about a time when you had to navigate conflicting advice or opinions
about the best course of action for your health. How did you decide what to do?
Have you ever had a health issue that forced you to make significant lifestyle changes?
How did you cope with the adjustments, and what did you learn from the experience?
In moments of stress or uncertainty, do you find that your physical health is often
affected? How do you prioritize self-care during such times?
Have you ever experienced a placebo effect where you believed a remedy or treatment
was effective, even though it may not have had any scientific basis? What was that
experience like for you?
Share a time when you had to advocate for yourself or a loved one in a medical setting.
How did you navigate the healthcare system, and what did you learn from the
experience?
Reflecting on your overall health journey, what key habits or practices have you found
to be most beneficial in maintaining your well-being?
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS9
CLASS 9
PREPOSITIONS REVIEW
Prepositions
Prepositions are vital elements in the tapestry of
language, serving as connectors that help convey
relationships between various elements within a
sentence. These words, often small but mighty, play
a crucial role in expressing location, direction, time,
and relationships in both spoken and written
communication.
Types and Examples of Prepositions:
Spatial Prepositions: 
The cat is on the roof. / The keys are under the mat. / She walked through the
garden.
Temporal Prepositions:
The meeting is scheduled for Monday. / I will see you at the party. / They will arrive by
noon. 
Directional and Movement Prepositions:
The plane flew over the mountains. / She walked along the beach. /He swam across
the river.
Prepositions of Location:
The restaurant is in the city. / The cat is on the chair. / The store is next to the bank. /
They live near the mountains.
Prepositions of Time:
We will meet at 3:00 PM. / The party is on Saturday. /The movie starts in an hour. /We
usually eat lunch around noon.
Prepositions of Agent or Instrument:
The letter was written by John. / The cake was baked with love/ The problem was solved
by the team. / The song was sung by a famous artist.
Prepositions of Purpose or Reason:
She went to the store for groceries. / I studied hard for the exam. /We use a pen for
writing./ He apologized for his mistake.
Prepositions of Possession:
The key is in my pocket. / The book is on the shelf./ The restaurant is owned by my friend.
/ The painting is by a famous artist.
Prepositions in Phrasal Verbs:
She looked forward to the party. / They will catch up with us later. / He is going to drop
by for a visit. / We need to go through the documents.
Prepositions in Idiomatic Expressions:
She is responsible for the project. / He is interested in science. / We are proud of our
achievements. /She is known for her kindness.
Parte 9 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
A Day in the City
Last Saturday, I decided to spend the day exploring the city, a place rich in history and vibrant with culture. The day
started at sunrise, and my first stop was a charming café tucked between two historic buildings.
The aroma of freshly brewed coffee lingered in the air as I sat at a small table near the window. From there, I could see
people bustling along the narrow streets, each person immersed in their own world.
After enjoying a delicious breakfast, I headed to the museum, which was located in the heart of the city. The exhibits
showcased artifacts dating back centuries, and I marveled at the intricate details of each display.
Later, I strolled through the city's beautiful park, where families were gathered for a picnic. The laughter of children
echoed through the air, creating a joyful atmosphere. I found a peaceful spot under a large oak tree and sat down with
a book.
As the day progressed, I visited a gallery showcasing local artists. The paintings depicted scenes from the city and
landscapes around it. I was particularly drawn to a piece that captured the city skyline at night.
For lunch, I chose a restaurant on the rooftop, offering panoramic views of the city. The food was delicious, and I could
see famous landmarks spread out below me.
In the afternoon, I joined a guided tour that took us through the historic district. The guide shared intriguing stories about
the architecture and events in the area. We walked by landmarks and stopped at significant points along the way.
As the sun began to set, I made my way to the theater for a live performance. The venue was located next to a bustling
square filled with street performers. The music echoed across the square as people gathered around to watch the
performers.
The day concluded with dinner at a cozy restaurant by the river. The lights shimmered on the water, creating a magical
ambiance. I reflected on the day, feeling grateful for the experiences and memories created.
Text
Listening Comprehension
Questions:
Analyze the symbolism behind the painting that captures the
city skyline at night. How does it contribute to the overall theme
of the text?
Explore how the architecture of the city, as discussed during the
guided tour, influences the narrator's perception of the city's
history and significance.
Compare the experiences at the café in the morning, the
rooftop restaurant at lunch, and the theater performance at
night. How do these settings contribute to the narrative?
In what ways does the text reflect the cultural diversity of the
city, especially in terms of interactions with locals and exposure
to various forms of art and entertainment?
How does the narrator's reflection on the day's experiences
emphasize the emotional and personal significance of exploring
the city?
Let’s discuss about environmental sustainability.
Share your thoughts, ideas, and concerns about
issues like climate change, recycling, and
conservation of the environment.Writing Exercise: 
Here’s a writing task in which you’ll have to describe your personal commitment to
environmental sustainability using prepositions. Write about it in 6 lines (minumum).
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
A City's Green Initiative
In the heart of our bustling city, a profound shift towards sustainability has been taking place. Over the
past decade, our community has been working tirelessly to address the challenges posed by rapid
urbanization and the pressing need for environmental preservation.
The journey towards sustainability began with the implementation of eco-friendly practices within our
homes. Residents have become adept at segregating waste, ensuring that recyclables and organic
matter are appropriately disposed of. This initiative has significantly reduced the amount of waste
ending up in landfills.
Public spaces have undergone transformations to incorporate green infrastructure. Parks and gardens
have sprung up alongside busy thoroughfares, providing urban oases for relaxation and fostering a
connection with nature. The city's commitment to green spaces is evident in the meticulous planning of
new developments.
Our public transportation system is a shining example of sustainable urban mobility. Buses run on clean
energy sources, and an extensive network of cycling lanes has been integrated into the cityscape.
Commuters now have viable alternatives to private vehicles, reducing emissions and congestion on the
roads.
The initiative for renewable energy has been a beacon for our city. Solar panels
gleam on the rooftops of homes and businesses, harnessing the power of the
sun for electricity. Wind turbines stand tall on the outskirts of the city,
contributing a significant portion to our energy grid.
However, the path to sustainability is not without its challenges. Efforts to curb
pollution are ongoing, with stringent regulations against industrial emissions.
The city is also grappling with water scarcity, prompting the community to be
more conscientious about water usage.
In our commitment to a sustainable future, education plays a pivotal role.
Schools have incorporated environmental studies into their curricula, nurturing a
generation of eco-conscious citizens. Workshops and seminars are regularly
conducted for the community to raise awareness about sustainable living
practices.
As our city continues on this journey towards environmental sustainability, it
serves as a testament to the transformative power of collective action. The hope
is that these efforts will inspire other cities around the world to embark on similar
paths, ensuring a greener and more sustainable future for generations to come.
Questions
How does the text illustrate the connection between
waste segregation, green spaces, and renewable
energy initiatives in the city's sustainability efforts?
1.
What impact do these initiatives have on residents'
daily lives and behaviors?
2.
How does meticulous city planning contribute to the
creation of green spaces and sustainable
infrastructure?
3.
How does the text suggest that the city's efforts could
inspire global sustainability initiatives?
4.
How are schools and educational programs fostering
eco-consciousness among citizens in the city?
5.
Now, all of us have a favourite
place in our own town. I’d really
enjoy knowing a bit about your
favourite place to go in town
and why is that so. You’ll have 3
options to present that: 
Record a Video, Write a Text or
Through Pictures
Homework Time! 
Lesson 9
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS10
CLASS 10
IDIOMS
Idioms
Idioms are expressions that convey a figurative
meaning different from the literal interpretation of
the words used. These phrases often have cultural
or contextual significance, and they may not make
sense if taken literally. Idioms are a common
feature in language and are used to add color,
emphasis, or depth to communication. 
EXAMPLES
Time flies: 
Time passes quickly, often surprising. 
Example: It feels like we just started the semester yesterday, but exams are already next
week. Time flies!
Beat the clock: 
Finish something before a deadline or before time runs out. 
Example: We had to beat the clock to finish the project before the end of the day.
Behind the times: 
Outdated or not keeping up with current trends. 
Example: With his flip phone and fax machine, Peter is really behind the times when it
comes to technology.
Once in a blue moon: 
Something that happens very rarely. 
Example: Mary rarely eats chocolate cake, but she indulges herself once in a blue moon.
Kill time: 
Spend time doing something unproductive while waiting for something else. 
Example: Let's play a game to kill time while we wait for the train.
Make up for lost time: 
Work faster to compensate for previous delays. 
Example: After being sick for a week, I need to work extra hard to make up for lost time.
Better late than never:
It's preferable for something to happen late than not at all. 
Example: Sarah finally apologized for her mistake, saying, "Well, better late than never,
right?"
Parte 10 - Listening
Listen to the recording and
answer the following questions:
Business Management Seminar
Dear C1 student,
We are excited to announce a special Business Management Seminar next week. As you know, "Time is money," and we
believe this event will provide valuable insights to help you optimize your time management skills. Successful
entrepreneurs often emphasize the importance of seizing opportunities, as "A stitch in time saves nine." This seminar will
equip you with strategies to identify and address challenges promptly, ensuring your professional journey is smooth and
efficient.
During the seminar, we'll discuss industry trends and the necessity of staying current. Remember, "Behind the times"
individuals often find it challenging to thrive in the dynamic business world. Our goal is to empower you to adapt and
evolve, avoiding the trap of becoming outdated. As you progress in your career, you'll encounter situations where you
must "Beat the clock." Learn effective strategies to meet deadlines without compromising quality.
We understand that everyone's schedule is tight, but this seminar is a unique opportunity. "Time flies," and before you know
it, you might miss out on valuable insights. Don't just "Kill time" when you can invest it in enhancing your skills and
knowledge. Join us, and together, let's "Make up for lost time" by accelerating your professional growth.
Don't wait until the last minute; register now and be there "In the nick of time" to make the most of this enriching
experience.
Best regards,
Julius
Event Coordinator
TextQuestions
How do the idiomatic expressions used in the
announcement contribute to shaping the seminar's
message on effective business management?
1.
What specific benefits do you think attendees might
gain from emphasizing time management and staying
updated with industry trends, as suggested by the
organizers?
2.
In what ways can attending this seminar enhance an
individual's ability to address challenges promptly and
meet deadlines effectively?
3.
Why is it emphasized not to wait until the last minute to
register for the seminar, and what implications might
this urgency have for those who delay?
4.
Let’s discuss about your daily
life and the assignments given
to you by your boss or
something like it. Use the Idioms
learned in this lesson.
Writing Exercise: 
Consider a scenario where you are a successful entrepreneur who has been invited
to share your insights at a prestigious business conference. In your presentation,
incorporate the following idioms to emphasize key points and offer valuable advice
to aspiring business professionals:
Break the ice - Hit the nail on the head - Piece of cake - Cost an arm and a leg
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
The Time Merchant's Secret
In a quaint little town nestled between rolling hills and babbling brooks, there lived a peculiar
character known as the Time Merchant. Legend had it that the Time Merchant could manipulate
time itself. His shop, "Once in a Blue Moon," stood at the edge of town, inviting those seeking
extraordinary experiences.
One day, curious townsfolk, feeling a bit "Behind the Times" in their ordinary lives, decided to visit
the Time Merchant. The bell above the door tinkled as they entered, and the air seemed to hum
with the magic of untold stories.
The Time Merchant, a wise old man with a long, flowing beard, welcomed them warmly. "Time is
Money, my friends," he declared, "and I'm here to offer you the chance of a lifetime."
Eager to escape the mundane, the townsfolk agreed to embark on an adventure that seemed to
defy the ordinary passage of time. They found themselves in a fantastical realm where "Time Flies"
in the company of mythical creatures and enchanted landscapes.
As they journeyed through this extraordinary world, the Time Merchant reminded them that "A Stitch
in Time Saves Nine." Each decision they made shaped their experience, and by addressing
challenges promptly, they unlocked hidden treasures and secrets.
In the midst of their adventure, the group encountered a clock tower, a towering structure with gears
that seemed to race against time. The Time Merchant explained that they had to "Beat the Clock" to
unravel the mystery hidden within. It required quick thinking and teamwork, but they succeeded,
feeling the exhilaration of overcoming a challenge just "In the Nick of Time."
In moments of respite, the townsfolk marveled at the celestial wonders above – a mesmerizing
display that occurred "Once in a Blue Moon." The Time Merchant, with a twinkle in his eye, shared
tales of otherworldly realms and whispered that the magic of this place allowed them to "Make up for
Lost Time."
As the adventure neared its end, the townsfolk returned to their everyday lives, forever changed. The
Time Merchant, with a knowing smile, reminded them that in the grand tapestry of life, every moment
is precious – a realization that transcended the notion that "Time is Money."
And so, the townsfolk carried the enchantment of "Once in a Blue Moon" with them, understanding
that life's true richness lies in the experiences that make time stand still, even as it continues to fly.
Questions
Describe the town where the Time Merchant's
shop is located.
1.
What is the significance of the Time Merchant's
shop being named "Once in a Blue Moon"?
2.
Why do the townsfolk decide to visit the Time
Merchant?
3.
What kind of realm do the townsfolk find
themselves in during the adventure?
4.
How does the concept of "Time Flies" manifest in
the otherworldly realm?
5.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS11
CLASS 11
READING PRACTICE
As one of the important skills you must dominate before
considering yourself as a fluent user of the English
language, the reading part of it is very present
everywhere we go. Sure, by now you are already familiar
with reading a menu, but, how good are you at reading
things that go way off topic? Let’s try and learn:
"Quantum Entanglement: Enigma"
Quantum entanglement, a cornerstone of theoretical physics, challenges our understanding of
the universe. Its mysteries have ignited debates among physicists, plunging them into the depths
of the subatomic realm. Entanglement defies classical intuition, with particles instantaneously
influencing each other regardless of distance, termed "spooky action at a distance" by Einstein.
In laboratories, scientists conduct meticulous experiments, notably the EPR paradox and Bell's
inequalities, shaping our comprehension of entanglement's non-local nature. To navigate this
complexity, physicists rely on mathematical tools such as wave functions and density matrices.
These tools decipher the probabilistic nature of quantum systems and its implications on theory
foundations.
Beyond the lab, quantum entanglement holds promise for quantum communication and
computing, captivating researchers and driving technological advancements. Yet, it prompts
questions about its challenge to classical causality and its practical applications. As physicists
delve deeper, armed with quantum mechanics, entanglement continues to offer a tantalizing
glimpse into the universe's profound intricacies.
Quantum entanglement's implications extend beyond scientific
inquiry, touching philosophical realms as well. Its challenge to
classical causality forces us to reconsider fundamental assumptions
about the nature of reality. Moreover, the non-locality of
entanglement raises intriguing questions about the nature of space
and time, blurring the distinction between the local and the
universal.
As we grapple with these profound concepts, the pursuit of
understanding entanglement's mysteries drives interdisciplinary
collaboration. Philosophers, physicists, and technologists converge,
each bringing their unique perspectives to unraveling the enigma.
Together, they strive not only to comprehend the intricacies of
entanglement but also to harness its potential for transformative
applications, ushering in a new era of quantum-enabled
technologies and a deeper understanding of the fabric of existence.
Questions
How does quantum entanglement challenge our
understanding of reality and causality?
1.
How do mathematical tools like wave functions
help us understand quantum entanglement?
2.
How does quantum entanglement blur the lines
between science and philosophy, particularly
regarding space and time?
3.
What ethical concerns arise from the potential
applications of quantum entanglement
technology?
4.
Writing Exercise: 
Continue the story using the vocabulary given:
TUMA MULHER BONITA
____ BEAUTIFUL WOMAN. 
In the dimly lit laboratory, Dr. Emily Turner, a brilliant theoretical physicist, found
herself on the precipice of unraveling the enigma of quantum entanglement. The air
in the room was charged with anticipation as she meticulously set up her experiment
to probe the perplexing nature of entangled particles...
What is your understanding of the concept of
"Quantum Culture" that has emerged in recent
times? Can you elaborate on its significance and
impact in various domains? Let's discuss this with
your teacher.
GLISH
WELCOME!
ENGLIS12
CLASS 12
STUDENT ASSESMENT
Evaluation Time!
By clicking the link, you will be directed to take a short test
where you'll put into practice what you've learned in the last 11
classes. This test is designed for you to self-assess and see
how much you've been able to grasp from the lessons.
The score provided is solely for self-evaluation purposes. While
you take this mini test, your teacher will be conducting another
assessment of your progress.