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DUWLJRV�HP�TXH�Mi�GHIHQGLD�LGpLDV�OLEHUDLV��DUJXPHQWDQGR�TXH�D�DomR�GRV�JRYHUQRV�QmR GHYHULD�LU�DOpP�GH�JDUDQWLU�RV�GLUHLWRV�QDWXUDLV�GRV�FLGDGmRV��(P�������WRUQRX�VH�VXEHGLWRU GD�UHYLVWD�7KH�(FRQRPLVW��RQGH�WUDEDOKRX�DWp�������TXDQGR�UHFHEHX�XPD�KHUDQoD�GR�WLR�H SDVVRX�D�VH�GHGLFDU�DSHQDV�D�HVFUHYHU�OLYURV���DWLYLGDGH�TXH�PDQWHYH�DWp�D�PRUWH��HP������ 6SHQFHU�UHODFLRQRX�VH�FRP�RV�SULQFLSDLV�LQWHOHFWXDLV�LQJOHVHV�GH�VHX�WHPSR�H�PDQWHYH�XP URPDQFH�FRP�D�HVFULWRUD�*HRUJH�(OLRW��SVHXG{QLPR�GH�0DULDQ�(YDQV���6XD�REUD�WHYH HQRUPH�UHSHUFXVVmR�GHQWUR�H�IRUD�GD�*Um�%UHWDQKD��$OJXQV�GRV�SULQFLSDLV�OLYURV�GH�6SHQFHUVmR��)LORVRILD�6LQWpWLFD��TXH�SXEOLFRX�HP�VpULH��FRP�SDJDPHQWR�GH�DVVLQDWXUD�DQWHFLSDGD SRU�VHXV�DGPLUDGRUHV���2�+RPHP�FRQWUD�R�(VWDGR��(GXFDomR�,QWHOHFWXDO��0RUDO�H�)tVLFD�H $XWRELRJUDILD� � Período vitoriano marca fim de uma era +HUEHUW�6SHQFHU�IRL��FRP�-RKQ�6WXDUW�0LOO������� �������XP�GRV�GRLV�PDLV�LPSRUWDQWHV�SHQVDGRUHV LQJOHVHV�GD�HUD�YLWRULDQD��H�R�TXH�PHOKRU�HQFDUQRX�DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV�WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH�UHODFLRQDGDV�DR SHUtRGR��2�UHLQDGR�GD�UDLQKD�9LWyULD������������� TXH�VXELX�DR�WURQR�HP������H�JRYHUQRX�DWp�D�PRUWH� JHURX�R�DGMHWLYR��YLWRULDQR���DR�TXDO�VH�DVVRFLDP SXULWDQLVPR��DXVWHULGDGH��RWLPLVPR�H�DXWRULGDGH� 3ROLWLFDPHQWH��R�YLWRULDQLVPR�FRVWXPD�VHU�OHPEUDGR FRPR�XP�WHPSR�GH�KHJHPRQLD�GR�OLEHUDOLVPR��1D UHDOLGDGH��R�SHUtRGR�IRL�EHP�PDLV�FRPSOH[R� SULQFLSDOPHQWH�GHSRLV�GD�GpFDGD�GH�������$�SDUWLU GHVVD�pSRFD��YLHUDP�j�WRQD�RV�FRQWUDVWHV�VRFLDLV��DV UHYROWDV�RSHUiULDV��R�TXHVWLRQDPHQWR�GDV�UHOLJL}HV�H GR�LPSHULDOLVPR�H�DV�LGpLDV�VRFLDOLVWDV��DQWHV PDQWLGDV�PDLV�RX�PHQRV�QD�REVFXULGDGH���H�TXH LQDXJXUDUDP�XPD�QRYD�HUD��2�SHUtRGR�YLWRULDQR DVVLVWLX�D�XP�DFHOHUDGR�GHVHQYROYLPHQWR�FLHQWtILFR�H�WHFQROyJLFR��FRP�D�H[SDQVmR�GDV IHUURYLDV�H�GR�WHOpJUDIR��0DV�QDGD�VH�FRPSDURX�DR�LPSDFWR�GD�WHRULD�HYROXFLRQLVWD�GH &KDUOHV�'DUZLQ��TXH�S{V�HP�[HTXH�WDQWR�DV�H[SOLFDo}HV�UHOLJLRVDV�SDUD�D�FULDomR�GD�YLGD TXDQWR�D�LGpLD�GH�TXH�R�VHU�KXPDQR�RFXSDULD�SRVLomR�FHQWUDO�QR�8QLYHUVR��8P�GRV�PpULWRV GR�SHQVDPHQWR�GH�+HUEHUW�6SHQFHU�IRL�SURSRU�QRYDV�SRVWXUDV�ILORVyILFDV�FRP�EDVH�QHVVH FRQKHFLPHQWR� Para pensar Nos dias de hoje, é difícil encontrar seguidores fiéis do evolucionismo de Herbert Spencer, mas muito se fala de uma tendência de pensamento bem semelhante, que é chamada, um pouco caricaturalmente, de darwinismo social. A educação voltada sobretudo para formar jovens competitivos costuma estar relacionada a essa concepção de mundo. Você já pensou 'H�$�D�( 'H�)�D�0 'H�1�D�= até que ponto sua atuação profissional se vincula à idéia de formar jovens para a competição? Quer saber mais? %,%/,2*5$),$ $�+LVWyULD�GD�)LORVRILD� Will Durant, 482 págs., Ed. Nova Cultural, tel. (11) 30390900, 19,90 reais ���*UDQGHV�(GXFDGRUHV, Joy A. Palmer, 310 págs., Ed. Contexto, tel. 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