APOSTILA DE INGLES – COLÉGIO APLICAÇÃO 2015

Prévia do material em texto

APOSTILA 2015 
 
 
 INGLÊS / ENGLISH 
STUDENT:_____________________________ 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 2 
 
 
SUMARY 
Diagrama dos verbos e Revisão__________________________________________03 
If clauses_____________________________________________________________18 
Present Perfect ________________________________________________________19 
Prepositions __________________________________________________________22 
Past Perfect __________________________________________________________23 
Passive voice _________________________________________________________26 
Indefinite Pronouns ____________________________________________________31 
Relative Pronouns _____________________________________________________33 
Modal Verbs _________________________________________________________36 
Future Perfect ________________________________________________________39 
Tabela de verbos ______________________________________________________41 
Reported speech ______________________________________________________ 43 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 3 
 
 
DIAGRAM OF ALL TENSES 
 
Legend 
 
moment in time 
 action that takes place once, never or several times 
 actions that happen one after another 
 actions that suddenly take place 
 
period of time 
 action that started before a certain moment and lasts beyond 
that moment 
 actions taking place at the same time 
 
Result 
 action taking place before a certain moment in time 
 puts emphasis on the result 
 
Course / 
Duration 
 action taking place before a certain moment in time 
 puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 4 
 
REVISÃO 
1- ADVÉRBIOS 
ABOUT 
sobre, a respeito de , em torno de, cerca de, por, devido a. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 They were talking about politics, eles estavam conversando 
sobre política. 
 She wore pearls about her neck, ela usava pérolas ao redor 
do pescoço. 
 The show began about midnight, o espetáculo começou 
cerca de meia-noite. 
 We have been walking about the town all day, estivemos 
andando pela cidade o dia todo. 
 They quarrel about trifles, eles discutem por minharias. 
ABOVE 
sobre, por sobre, mais de, acima de, superior a. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 We were flying above the clouds, nós estávamos voando 
por sobre as nuvens. 
 There were above fifty pupils in the classroom, havia mais 
de cinqüenta alunos na sala de aula. 
 He is above suspicion, ele está acima de qualquer suspeita. 
 A major ranks above a captain, o posto de maior é 
imediatamente superior ao de capitão. 
 
ACROSS 
de através, através de, no outro lado de, em contato com. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 We swam across the river, nadamos através do rio. 
 There is a restaurant across the avenue., há um restaurante 
no outro lado da avenida. 
 I came across this book yesterday, encontrei este livro 
ontem. 
 
AFTER 
depois de, após, atrás de, em homenagem a, à imitação de, à 
semelhança de. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 They left after dinner, eles partiram após o jantar. 
 After a storm comes a calm, após a tempestade vem a 
bonança. 
 The dog was running after the cat, o cão estava correndo 
atrás do gato. 
 He was named Henry after his uncle, deram-lhe o nome de 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 5 
 
Henrique em homenagem ao tio. 
 He dances after the Indians, ele dança à moda dos 
(=imitando os) índios. 
 He paints after Rubens, ele pinta imitando Rubens. 
 
AGAINST 
contra, em troca de, junto a, em. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 The boat sails against the current, o barco navega contra a 
corrente. 
 They voted against my proposal, eles votaram contra 
minha proposta. 
 We took machinery against coffee, recebemos maquinaria 
em troca de café. 
 Please, lean the ladder against the wall, por favor, apóie a 
escada na parede. 
 
ALONG 
ao longo de, por. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 The horses galloped at full speed along the road, os cavalos 
galoparam a toda a velocidade pela estrada. 
 
AMID, AMIDST 
entre, no meio de. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 He was seen amid the throng, ele foi visto no meio da 
multidão. 
 They are amidst enemies, eles estão entre inimigos. 
 
AMONG, 
AMONGST 
entre, no meio de, com. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 We are among(st) friends, estamos entre amigos. 
 The Christmas gifts were divided among the children, os 
presentes de Natal foram divididos entre as crianças. 
 The one-eyed are kings among the blind, na terra dos cegos 
quem tem um olho é rei. 
 
AROUND 
ao redor de, perto de, por, de um lugar para outro. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 We planted a few trees around the house, plantamos 
algumas árvores ao redor da casa. 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 6 
 
 There is a shop around the corner, há uma loja junto à 
esquina (na outra rua). 
 We travelled around Europe for three months, viajamos 
pela Europa três meses. 
 
AT 
em, a (à), ao, no, contra, para, de, com. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 He spent a few days at Curitiba, ele passou alguns dias em 
Curitiba. 
 We are at home, estamos em casa. 
 The china was sold at auction., a louça foi vendida em 
leilão. 
 They'll soon be at liberty, eles em breve estarão em 
liberdade. 
 The car is at our disposal, o carro está a nossa disposição. 
 He is standing at the door, ele está em pé à porta. 
 He was at work when we arrived, ele estava a trabalhar 
quando chegamos. 
 He'll go at midnight, ele irá à meia-noite. 
 He'll come at noon, ele virá ao meio-dia. 
 The wreckage was at the bottom of the sea, os destroços do 
naufrágio estavam no fundo do mar. 
 He shot at the target, ele atirou no alvo. 
 He was staying at the "Stevens Hotel", ele estava 
hospedado no "Stevens Hotel". 
 They'll pay at the end of the month, eles pagarão no fim do 
mês. 
 The tiger jumped at him, o tigre saltou contra ele. 
 The boy pointed at the toy, o menino apontou para o 
brinquedo. 
 I was looking at the picture, eu estava olhando para o 
quadro. 
 We laughed at him, nós nos rimos dele. 
 The children were mocking at us, as crianças estavam 
zombando de nós. 
 I laughed at his jokes, eu me ri com suas pilhérias. 
 He is good at this game, ele é bom neste jogo. 
 He was driving his car at 80 mph, ele estava dirigindo o 
carro a 80 milhas por hora. 
 We are selling these articles at a loss, estavamos vendendo 
estes artigos com prejuízo. 
 Dogs bark at strangers, cães latem para os estranhos. 
 She stared at him, ela o encarou fixamente. 
 We were surprised at seeing him, ficamos surpresos ao vê-
lo. 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 7 
 
BEFORE 
diante de, em frente de, na frente de, perante, antes de. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 They were sitting before the fireplace, eles estavamsentados diante da lareira. 
 The tanks were seen before the infantry, os carros de 
combate eram vistos à frente da infantaria. 
 The poor and rich are alike before God, o pobre e o rico 
são iguais perante Deus. 
 The culprit appeared before a court of justice, o réu 
compareceu perante um tribunal. 
 He'll arrive before noon, ele chegará antes do meio-dia. 
 
BEHIND 
atrás de, detrás de, em apoio de, depoisi de. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 The broom is behind the door, a vassoura está atrás da 
porta. 
 All his friends are behind him, todos os amigos o apóiam. 
 He came behind his hour, ele veio depoisi da hora. 
 
BELOW 
abaixo de, para baixo de. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 The garage is below the ground floor, a garagem está 
abaixo do andar térreo. 
 He is below his schoolfellows, ele está abaixo de seus 
colegas. 
 It is the third shop below the post office, é a terceira loja 
para baixo (da agência) do correio. 
 
BENEATH 
sob, abaixo de, inferior a. 
 
 Exemplos: 
 There was a bench beneath the tree, havia um banco sob a 
árvore. 
 His conduct is beneath contempt, sua conduta é (ou está) 
abaixo da crítica. 
 
 
 
 REVISÃO 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 8 
 
2 - PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS 
 
PRONOMES 
PESSOAIS 
PRONOMES 
POSSESSIVOS 
I , eu 
thou , tu 
he , ele 
she , ela 
it , ele, ela 
we , nós 
you , vós 
they , eles, elas 
my, mine , meu, minha, meus, minhas 
thy, thine , teu, tua, teus, tuas 
his, his , seu, sua, seus, suas (dele) 
her, hers , seu sua, seus, suas (dela) 
its, its , seu, sua, seus, suas (dele, dela) 
our, ours , nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas 
your, yours , vosso, vossa, vossos, vossas 
their, theirs , seu, sua, seus, suas (dles, delas) 
 
 Os possessivos concordam em gênero e número com o possuidor e não com a 
coisa possuída, como em português: 
Paul wrote to 
his brother 
his sister 
his brothers 
his sisters 
Paulo escreveu a 
seu irmão 
sua irmã 
seus irmãos 
suas irmãs 
 
Mary wrote to 
her brother 
her sister 
her brothers 
her sisters 
Maria escreveu a 
seu irmão 
sua irmã 
seus irmãos 
suas irmãs 
 
Paul and Mary wrote to 
their brother 
their sister 
their brothers 
their sisters 
Paulo e Maria escreveram a 
seu irmão 
sua irmã 
seus irmãos 
suas irmãs 
 
 
 REVISÃO 
3- PRONOMES DEMONSTRATIVOS 
 
 
a) Os demonstrativos: 
 this , este, esta, isto; 
 these , estes, estas; 
 that , esse, essa, isso, aquele, aquela, aquilo; e 
 those , aqueles, aquelas 
 
 São usados: 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 9 
 
 I) Como pronomes adjetivos: 
 This boy is writing, este menino está escrevendo. 
 That girl is reading, aquela menina está lendo. 
 These books are mine, estes livros são meus. 
 Those children are playing, aquelas crianças estão brincando. 
 
 II) Como pronomes substantivos; 
 Who is this? Quem é este? 
 What is this? Que é isto? 
 These are the books he bought, estes são os livros que ele comprou. 
 Do you agree to that? Você concorda com isso? 
 That's not right, isso não está direito. 
 We talked of this and that, falamos disto e daquilo. 
 Whose are those? De quem são aqueles? 
 
b) São também usados como demonstrativos: 
 
 So, isso 
 Such , tal, tais 
 The same , o mesmo, a mesma 
 The one , o, a 
 The former , aquele(s), aquela(s) 
 The latter , este(s), esta(s) 
 Yon, yond, yonder , aquele(s) lá, aquela(s) lá (ou acolá). 
Ex.: 
 He told me so, ele me contou isso. 
 He himself says so, ele próprio o diz. 
 He never says such things, ele nunca diz tais coisas. 
 She is a child will be treated as such, ele é uma criança e será tratda como tal. 
 He wrote the same words three times, ele escreveu as mesmas palavras três 
vezes. 
 He would do the same , ele faria o mesmo. 
 Those are the ones he brought yesterday, queles são os que ele trouxe ontem. 
 Prof. Smith and Prof. Brown arrived yesterday, the former came from London, 
the latter from New York, o Prof. Smith e o Prof. Brown chegaram ontem; aquele veio 
de Londres e este, de Nova Iorque. 
 I see a few trees on yonder hill, vejo algumas árvores naquele monte lá. 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISÃO 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 10 
 
4- PRONOMES INDEFINIDOS 
 
a) OS INDEFINIDOS MAIS COMUNS 
 
 Any, qualquer, quaisquer, algum, alguns, alguma(s). 
 Some, algum, alguns, alguma(s), cerca de, cert(s), certa(s). 
 No, nenhum, nenhuma. 
 None, nenhum, nenhuma. 
 Much, muito, muita. 
 Many, muitos, muitas. 
 Little, pouco, pouca. 
 Few, poucos, poucas. 
 All, todo(s), toda(s), tudo. 
 One, a gente, certo, um certo, algum, alguma. 
 Each, cada. 
 Every, todo(s), toda(s), cada. 
 Other, outro(s), outra(s). 
 Another, um outro, uma outra. 
 Either, um ou outro, uma ou outra, cada. 
 Neither, nem um(a) nem outro(a), nenhum dos(das) dois(duas). 
 Both, ambos, ambas. 
 Enough, bastante. 
 Several, vários, várias. 
 Anybody, anyone, alguém. 
 Anything, alguma coisa. 
 Somebody, someone, alguém. 
 Something, alguma coisa. 
 Nobody, no one, ninguém. 
 Nothing, nada. 
 Every, everyone, todos (todas as pessoas). 
 Everything, tudo. 
REVISÃO 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 11 
 
5- VERBOS 
Present Continuous tense 
Affirmative 
 
- I am + verb+ing 
- You are + verb+ ing 
- He is + verb+ ing 
- She is + verb+ ing 
- It is + verb+ ing 
- we are + verb+ ing 
- you are + verb+ ing 
- they are + verb+ ing 
Negative 
 
- I am not + verb+ ing 
- You am not + verb+ ing 
- He is not + verb+ ing 
- She is not + verb+ ing 
- It is not + verb+ ing 
- We are not + verb+ ing 
- You are not + verb+ ing 
- they are not + verb+ ing 
Interrogative 
 
- Am + verb+ ing I ? 
- Are + verb+ ing you? 
- Is + verb+ ing he? 
- Is + verb+ ing she? 
- Is + verb+ ing it? 
- Are + verb+ ing you? 
- Are + verb+ ing they? 
Exemplos: 
Affirmative 
 
I am sleeping 
You are cooking 
They are visiting 
We are walking 
You is playing baseball 
Negative 
 
I am not helping 
He is not cooking 
She is not visiting 
They are not studying 
We are not fining 
Interrogative 
Are you reading letter? 
Is he a good cooking? 
Is she good singer? 
Are we tall? 
Are they beautiful woman? 
 
 
 
 
 
Simple past 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 201512 
 
Affirmative 
 
- I was 
- You were 
- He was 
- She was 
- It were 
- We were 
- You were 
- They were 
Negative 
 
- I was not 
- You were not 
- He was not 
- She was not 
- It were not 
- We were not 
- You were not 
- They were not 
Interrogative 
 
- Was I? 
- Were you? 
- Was she? 
- Was he? 
- Was it? 
- Were we? 
- Were you? 
- Were they? 
Exemplos: 
Affirmative 
 
I was one 
She was marking reports 
She was busy the police 
station 
It was awful 
School was out earlier today 
Negative 
 
I was not a gardener 
My brothers where not a 
plumber 
Those boys were not painters 
She was not a nurse 
She was not a bus driver 
Interrogative 
 
When was the girl at the park? 
Where were the two friends last Sunday? 
Who was at home last night? 
When were the girls in Paris? 
Who was at school yesterday? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Past Continues tense 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 13 
 
Affirmative 
 
- I was + verb + ing 
- You were + verb + 
ing 
- He was + verb + ing 
- She was + verb + ing 
- It were + verb + ing 
- We were + verb + ing 
- You were + verb + 
ing 
- They were + verb + ing 
Negative 
 
- I was not + verb + ing 
- You were not + verb + ing 
- He was not + verb + ing 
- She was not verb + ing 
- It were not + verb + ing 
- We were not + verb + ing 
- You were not + verb + ing 
- They were not + verb + ing 
Interrogative 
 
- Was + verb + ing I? 
- Were + verb + ing you? 
- Was + verb + ing she? 
- Was + verb + ing he? 
- Was + verb + ing it? 
- Were + verb + ing we? 
- Were + verb + ing you? 
- Were + verb + ing they? 
Exemplos: 
Affirmative 
I was playing soccer 
He was reading a book 
They were swimming 
He was sleeping 
They were helping mom 
Negative 
I was not cooking 
He was not dancing 
She was not eating 
We were not playing basketball 
They were not talking on 
telephone 
Interrogative 
 
Was the girl writing yesterday? 
Was the boy sleeping? 
Were the girls studying? 
Was Simon singing at 10 o’clock? 
Was Sandra teaching Portuguese? 
 
 
 
 
 
Simple future 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 14 
 
Affirmative 
- I Will 
- You Will 
- He will 
- She will 
- It will 
- We will 
- You will 
- They will 
Negative 
 
- I will not 
- You will not 
- He will not 
- She will not 
- It will not 
- We will not 
- You will not 
- They will not 
Interrogative 
 
- Will I? 
- Will you? 
- Will he? 
- Will she? 
- Will it? 
- Will we? 
- Will you? 
- Will they? 
Exemplos: 
Affirmative 
 
I will buy a bike 
 
She will go to 
beach 
 
He will go 
tomorrow 
 
He will go to 
garage 
 
We will ho next 
week 
Negative 
 
I will not a operator 
She will not a 
cashier 
 
He will not a 
librarian 
 
We will not an 
electrician 
 
They will not watch 
TV 
Interrogative 
 
Where will they 
try? 
 
Where will she go? 
 
When will he go? 
 
Where will Sonia 
go? 
 
Where will Ruan 
go? 
 
Simple present tense 
Affirmative 
 
I am boy 
You are a girl 
She is a woman 
He is a man 
It is a dog 
Negative 
I am not happy 
He is not beautiful 
She is not style 
We are not good 
They are not bad 
Interrogative 
Is it a dog? 
Is she not style? 
Are we not good singer? 
Is He a man? 
Is she a beautiful girl? 
 
OBS: Verbos com terminações especiais 
- To do – does 
- To wash – washes 
- To kiss – kisses 
- To box – boxes 
- To play – plays 
- To study – studies 
Does he like potato? 
He washes his car. 
She kisses my brother and me. 
He put pens in boxes. 
She plays tennis. 
They studies math. 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 15 
 
- To watch – watches 
 
Simple Past 
Affirmative 
- I did +irregular verb 
- You did +irregular verb 
- He did +irregular verb 
- She did +irregular verb 
- It did +irregular verb 
- We did +irregular verb 
- You did +irregular verb 
- They did +irregular verb 
Negative 
- I did not +irregular verb 
- You did not +irregular verb 
- He did not + irregular verb 
- She did not +irregular verb 
- It did not +irregular verb 
- We did not +irregular verb 
- You did not + irregular verb 
- They did not+ irregular verb 
Interrogative 
 
- Did I +irregular verb? 
- Did you +irregular verb? 
- Did he +irregular verb? 
- Did she +irregular verb? 
- Did it +irregular verb? 
- Did we +irregular verb? 
- Did you +irregular verb? 
- Did they +irregular verb? 
Exemplos: 
Affirmative 
 
- I bought milk 
- I taught math 
- He wrote letter for parents 
- They put shoes black 
- We saw pyramids the Egypt 
Negative 
 
- I did not slept 
- He did not Spoke 
- She did not Thought 
- We did not Flew 
- You did not taught 
Interrogative 
 
- Did they paint the window? 
- Did he wash the dog? 
- Did she water the flowers? 
- Did he fix the TV? 
Did they clean the kitchen? 
 
 
 
Present perfect tense 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 16 
 
Affirmative 
 
- I have 
- You have 
- He has 
- She has 
- It has 
- We have 
- You have 
- They have 
Negative 
 
- I have not 
- You have not 
- He has not 
- She has not 
- It has not 
- We have not 
- You have not 
- They have not 
Interrogative 
 
- Have I? 
- Have you? 
- Has he? 
- Has she? 
- Has it? 
- Have we? 
- Have you? 
- Have they? 
Exemplos: 
Affirmative 
I have milk drunk 
He has live in Rio de Janeiro 
She has sold her car 
We have gone to NY 
They have seen an accident 
Negative 
He has not been a France 
You have not found sunglasses 
She has not been a motorbike 
They have not gone theater 
You have not lived in Italy 
Interrogative 
Has he been to England? 
Have you sold your car? 
Have you talked to the bus driver? 
Has she walked to the supermarket? 
Has he searched his sunglasses? 
 
 
What 
 
What is your name? 
What color is it? 
What is the mater? 
What about? 
What now? 
 
Where 
Where is the light switch in this room? 
Where will we go on vacation? 
Where will they spend the weekend? 
Where have gone recently? 
Where have you taken the children? 
 
 
When 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 17 
 
When did you start working at your job? 
When was the last time that you traveled? 
When did you last visit your grandmother? 
When do you like to go out? 
When do you usually? 
 
Why 
Why are Brazilians going to Miami? 
Why are people usually fired? 
Why should businessman study English?Why do you live in this city? 
Why do you want to live in the States? 
 
Who 
Who speak English at your house? 
Who is youngest in this class? 
Who was the first president of Brazil? 
Who cooks best your house? 
Who is your best friend? 
 
How Many 
How many days are there in a year? 
How many states are there in the USA? 
How many states are there in Brazil? 
How many countries are there in South America? 
How many secretaries are there at your work? 
 
How much 
How much that calculator? 
How mucho this pen? 
How much those pencils? 
How much these eraser? 
How much this box? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 18 
 
 
 
Conditional Tense – IF Clauses 
 
Condicional Tense (Futuro do Pretérito e Futuro do Presente) 
Para se formar uma frase na forma condicional basta colocar o auxiliar would antes do 
verbo principal na frase. Os tempos condicionais podem ser: 
Simples 
Formado por SUJEITO + WOULD+ INFINITIVO SEM “TO” 
Ex: I would study. (Eu estudaria/Eu iria estudar). 
Contínuo 
Formado por SUJEITO+WOULD+BE=V-ING 
Ex: I would be studying. (Eu estaria estudando). 
Perfeito 
Formado por SUJEITO+ WOULD+HAVE+ PARTICÍPIO PASSADO 
Ex: I would have studied. (Eu iria ter estudado/ Eu teria estudado). 
Os tempos do condicional são muitas vezes usados juntamente com outros tempos 
verbais, e a conjunção if (se) permite que esta correlação seja feita. Com esta conjunção, 
se o verbo na frase estiver no presente simples, o outro verbo estará no futuro do 
presente. 
Ex: If I can, I will go wherever you will go. (Se eu puder, eu irei aonde quer que você 
vá). 
Com a conjunção if, havendo verbo no passado, o outro verbo irá para o futuro do 
pretérito: 
Ex: If I could, I would go wherever you will go. (Se eu pudesse, eu iria aonde quer que 
você fosse). 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 19 
 
What would you do if...? 
 
 By asking questions to passerby and reporting their answers, the New York Daily New’s 
Inquiring Photographer, Jimmy Jemail, knocks together a fascinating column. The things that 
people tell him are usually things that thousands of readers have been thinking but not telling. 
One day last week he asked, “If your house caught fire at night, what would you grab before 
trying to escape?” 
 “I’d take my most gorgeous negligee from the closet, don’t it, go to the window and wait for 
the firemen… I’d risk a few minutes of my life to be s3en as I always want to be seen in public: 
glamorous.” Answered a Manhattan café hostess. 
“First I’d grab my false teeth… If there was time, I’d then put on my pants. And if I still had a 
little time, I’d kick my mother-in-law in the shins so she couldn’t escape. No, that’s not cruelty; 
that’s justice.” Said a Bronx waiter. 
 
 (Source: WWW.time.com) 
 
So what would you do? 
 
1 If your house caught fire at night, what would you grab? 
 
I would grab 
( ) my money ( ) my dog or ( ) _________________ 
 
2 If you could live anywhere, where would you live? 
 
I would live in 
( ) Natal ( ) Paris ( )____________________________ 
 
3 If you could be another person for one day, who would you be? 
 
I would be 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 20 
 
( ) a superstar ( ) a politician ( ) ___________________ 
 
4 If you could change one thing in the world, what would you change? 
 
I would change 
( ) violence ( ) poverty ( ) _________________________ 
 
5 If you won $ 1,000,000 in the lottery, what would you do? 
 
I would 
( ) share it ( ) keep it ( ) ____________________________ 
 
 
Present Perfect 
 
Technology 
 In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and technology. 
 With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth. He lives in the 
most torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world. He can live on the 
little islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert. 
 Man has built modern bridges, dams, power stations and has dominated some 
forces of nature such as the water of rivers, lakes and seas. 
 Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve his 
life on the Earth. 
 Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering the 
universe. 
 Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources of 
medicine. 
 But there are so many things to do in the future! 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 21 
 
 Man hasn’t found the cure for cancer yet. 
 Man hasn’t finished with the wars. 
 Man hasn’t solved the problem of hunger and many other social problems. 
 Man hasn’t learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet. 
 
 GRAMMAR 
 
 We use the Present Perfect for actions in the past which have a connection to the 
present. The time when these actions happened is not important. 
 
 We use the Present Perfect for recently completed actions. 
 
 
 We use the Present Perfect for actions beginning in the past and still continuing. 
 
 
 
 EXERCISES 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 22 
 
 A) Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple). 
 1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you / wash)____________________ the dishes 
yet? 
 2. Daughter: I (wash) ____________________the dishes yesterday, but I (have / not) 
____________________the time yet to do it today. 
 3. Mother: (you / do / already) ____________________your homework? 
 4. Daughter: No, I (come / just) ____________________home from school. 
 5. Mother: You (come) ____________________ home from school two hours ago! 
 6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) ____________________when I (arrive) 
____________________and I (finish / just) ____________________the phone call. 
 7. Mother: (you / see / not) ____________________Lucy at school in the morning? 
 8. Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not) ____________________ time to talk then. 
 
 B) Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple). 
 1. A: (you / play / already)______________________ the new computer game? 
 2. B: No, not yet. I only (buy) ______________________ it yesterday and I (have / 
not) ______________________ the time yet. 
 3. A: (you / go) ______________________ to the cinema last night? 
 4. B: Yes. I (be) ______________________ there with Sue and Louis. (you / be) 
______________________ to the cinema recently? 
 5. A: I last (go) ______________________ to the cinema two weeks ago. 
 6. B: So you (see / not) ______________________ the new action film yet. 
 7. A: No, unfortunately not. (you / enjoy) ______________________ it? 
 8. B: Oh, I really (love) ______________________it. ButSue (like / not) 
______________________it - too much action! 
 9. A: But why (you / take) ______________________ her with you? She (tell) 
______________________ me last week that she (hate) ______________________ 
action films. 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 23 
 
 10. B: I think she has an eye on Louis. She (try) ______________________to flirt 
with him all the time. So he (can / concentrate / not) ______________________on the 
film. 
 
 
Prepositions 
 
Prepositions são palavras que estabelecem relações de ligação entre dois elementos de 
uma oração. Tomando como exemplo a conhecida expressão “The book is on the 
table.”, podemos identificar a preposition “on” (sobre a superfície) ligando dois termos 
da oração: o sujeito (the book) e o objeto da preposição (table). 
 
Existem muitas prepositions na língua inglesa. Em razão de muitas delas serem 
confundidas, é necessário conhecer bem suas aplicações. 
 
O uso de “In” e “on” é uma das maiores dúvidas no estudo das prepositions. “In” é 
usado para nos referir a cidades, Estados e países; partes do dia; anos e estações do ano. 
Exemplos: In 2008, in Brazil, in morning, in Paris, in summer, etc. Também usamos 
“in” para designar uma coisa que está dentro de outra. Ex: The message is in the bottle. 
= A mensagem está dentro da garrafa. 
 
Usamos “On” para nos referir a algo que está sobre uma superfície. Tomando 
novamente o exemplo da frase “The book is on the table”, o “on” nos diz que o livro 
está sobre a mesa, ou seja, em cima da mesma. Já a preposition “at” é usada para 
designarmos o momento (horas) ou local (endereços) exato de algo. Ex: at 7:00 p.m, at 
456 Lincoln St., etc. 
Mostraremos de forma resumida, outras prepositions: 
 
- Behind (atrás): I’m behind the tree. = Eu estou atrás da árvore. 
- Under (debaixo): The dog is under the table. = O cachorro está debaixo da mesa. 
- Near (perto): Mary is near my house. = Mary está perto da minha casa. 
- Between (entre): My house is between two blue houses. = Minha casa fica entre duas 
casas azuis. 
- From (“de”, usado no sentido de “origem”): She’s from Australia. = Ela é (origem) da 
Austrália. 
- To (“para”, no sentido de ir a algum lugar): John will go to Russia tomorrow. = John 
irá para a Rússia amanhã. 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 24 
 
 
Passive voice 
 
The World Trade Center 
 The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York (417 and 415 meters 
high), the symbol of the American power, were destroyed by terrorists on 11th 
September, 2001. 
 Everyone in the world was astonished. 
 Do you know why they did it? 
 
GRAMMAR 
 
to be + past participle 
 
Active: They built this house in 1486. 
In the active voice this house is the object. 
 
Passive: This house was built in 1486. 
In the passive voice this house is the subject. 
 
Passive voice - present, past and future 
Simple Present – am, is, are + past participle 
English is spoken here. 
Present Continuous – am, is, are + being +past participle 
Excuse the mess; the house is being painted 
Simple Past – was, were + past participle 
This house was built in 1486 by Sir 
John Latton. 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 25 
 
I wasn’t invited, but I went anyway 
Past Continuous – was, were + being + past participle 
I felt as if I was being watched 
Present Perfect – have/has been + past participle 
Has Mary been told? 
Past perfect – had + been +past participle 
I knew why I had been chosen 
Future – will be + past participle 
You will be told when the time comes 
Conditional – would + be + past participle 
Time Magazine would be read. 
Immediate Future – am, is, are + going to be + past participle 
Who’s going to be invited? 
 
 EXERCISES 
A) Fill the gaps with the correct tenses (active or passive voice). 
 1. In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (visit) ____________________ 
his provinces in Britain. 
 2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers (tell) ____________________________ him that 
Pixyish tribes from Britain's north (attack) them. 
 3. So Hadrian (give) ____________________________ the order to build a protective 
wall across one of the narrowest parts of the country. 
 4. After 6 years of hard work, the Wall (finish) ____________________________ in 
128. 
 5. It (be) ____________________________ 117 kilometers long and about 4 meters 
high. 
 6. The Wall (guard) ____________________________ by 15,000 Roman soldiers. 
 7. Every 8 kilometers there (be) ____________________________a large fort in 
which up to 1,000 soldiers (find) ____________________________ shelter. 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 26 
 
 8. The soldiers (watch) ____________________________ over the frontier to the 
north and (check) ____________________________the people who (want) 
____________________________to enter or leave Roman Britain. 
 9. In order to pass through the Wall, people (must go) _________________________ 
to one of the small forts that (serve) ____________________________as gateways. 
 10. Those forts (call) ____________________________mile castles because the 
distance from one fort to another (be) ____________________________one Roman 
mile (about 1,500 meters). 
 11. Between the mile castles there (be) ____________________________ two turrets 
from which the soldiers (guard) ____________________________ the Wall. 
 12. If the Wall (attack) ____________________________by enemies, the soldiers at 
the turrets (run) to the nearest mile castle for help or (light) ______________________ 
a fire that (can / see) ____________________________by the soldiers in the mile 
castle. 
 13. In 383 Hadrian's Wall (abandon) ____________________________ . 
 14. Today Hadrian's Wall (be) ____________________________ the most popular 
tourist attraction in northern England. 
 15. In 1987, it (become) ____________________________ a UNESCO World 
Heritage Site. 
 
 
Past Perfect 
The Canterville Ghost Level: lower intermediate 
 The ghost did not appear for the rest of the week. The only strange thing that 
happened was the blood-stain, which they found on the library-floor every morning. It 
was also quite strange that the colour of the stain changed from time to time. Some 
mornings it was red, then brown or purple, or even green. These changes amused the 
family very much, and bets on the colour were made every evening. The only person 
who did not enter into the joke was Virginia. For some unexplained reason, she was 
rather annoyed at the sight of the blood-stain, and nearly cried the morning it was green. 
 The second appearance of the ghost was on Sunday night. Shortly after the 
family had gone to bed they heard a fearful crash in the hall. A suit of armour had fallen 
on the floor and in a chair sat the Canterville ghost and rubbed his knees, which seemed 
to hurt. When the twinsstarted shooting peas at him with their pea-shooters, the ghost 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 27 
 
stood up with an angry growl and passed through them like a mist. He also blew out the 
candle, leaving them all in total darkness. On top of the stairs the ghost turned around 
and, in order to frighten the Otis boys, laughed his most horrible laugh. Just then, a door 
opened and Mrs Otis came out of her bedroom. “I am afraid you are not well,” she said, 
“I have therefore brought you this bottle of medicine.” The ghost looked at her 
furiously, and then he disappeared. 
 When he reached his room, he was completely exhausted. This American family 
was extremely annoying. But what annoyed him most was, that he had not been able to 
wear the suit of armour. The weight of it had made him fall and hurt his knees. 
 For some days after this the ghost only left his room to renew the blood-stain. 
However, on Friday, the 17th of August, he tried to frighten the Otis family again. At 
half-past ten the family went to bed. For some time the ghost heard the twins laugh, but 
at a quarter past eleven all was still. So, at midnight he left his secret chamber and 
glided through the corridors, when suddenly, behind one corner, a horrible ghost stood 
right in front of him. As the Canterville ghost had never seen another ghost before, he 
was terribly frightened. He quickly hurried back to his room. But then he thought that 
he should go and and speak to the other ghost. After all, two ghosts were better than 
one, and his new friend might help him to frighten the twins. However, when he came 
back to the spot, he found that this 'other ghost' was not real, but only a white sheet 
which the twins had hung there to play a trick on him. Very upset the Canterville ghost 
went back to his chamber. 
 
 
GRAMMAR 
 
 
 
We form the Past Perfect with had and the past participle: 
had + past participle* 
* regular verbs: infinitive + … ed or irregular verbs: 3rd column of the table of the 
irregular verbs. 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 28 
 
Affirmative sentences 
regular verbs irregular verbs 
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had played 
 hockey. 
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had gone 
 home. 
 
Negative sentences 
regular verbs irregular verbs 
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had not played 
hockey. 
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had not gone 
home. 
 
Questions 
regular verbs irregular verbs 
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they played 
hockey? 
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they gone home? 
 
 EXERCISES 
 
 A) Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple (Positive Sentences) 
 1. The pupils talked about the film they (watch)____________________________ . 
 2. I was late for work because I (miss) ____________________________ the bus. 
 3. We lived in the house that my father (build) ____________________________ . 
 4. We admired the picture that Lucy (paint) ____________________________. 
 5. They watered the trees that they (plant) ____________________________. 
 6. The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils (write) ________________________. 
 7. I received a good mark in my test because I (practise) _______________________ 
on ego4u. 
 8. The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I (order) __________________ 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 29 
 
 9. I had to clean the floor because my cats (knock) ___________________________ 
over the flower pots. 
 10. My friend was in hospital because she (slip) ____________________________ on 
a banana skin. 
 
 B) Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple (Negative Sentences) 
 1. In the shopping centre, I met a friend who I (see / not) _____________________for 
ages. 
 2. The thief could walk right into the house because you (lock / not) ______________ 
the door. 
 3. We lost the match because we (practise / not) _________________________ the 
days before. 
 4. At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he (do / not) ________________. 
 5. We ate at a restaurant last night because I (buy / not) _________________ anything 
for dinner. 
 6. When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice (close / not) 
_________________________ the windows. 
 7. All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I (greet / not) _______________ 
him first. 
 8. When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she (have / not)__________________breakfast 
yet. 
 9. I couldn’t go to the cinema with my friends last night because I (finish / not) 
_________________________ my homework yet. 
 10. Fred answered my question although I (ask / not) _________________________ 
him. 
 
C) Rewrite the phrase into Present Perfect. 
Example: he cries - he has cried 
1) we don't forget - _______________________________________________ 
2) you finish - ___________________________________________________ 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 30 
 
D) Which answer is correct? 
1) In which sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctly? 
a) I has bought a new computer. 
b) I have bought a new computer. 
c) I have buyed a new computer. 
 
 E) In which sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctly? 
a) They has met at the airport. 
b) They have meeted at the airport. 
c) They have met at the airport. 
 
F) Since or for? 
1) ____12 o'clock 
2) ____years 
 
G) Which answers are correct? 
1) Which verb forms are used with the Present Perfect? 
a) had 
b) had had 
c) has 
d) has had 
e) have had 
H) What are typical signal words for the Present Perfect? 
a) already 
b) at the moment 
c) ever 
d) just 
e) last night 
f) usually 
g) yet 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 31 
 
 
Relative Pronouns 
 
Drink Milk, Lose Weight! 
 Researches at Purdue University, in Indiana, United States, report that women 
in the age group of 18 to 31 who consume an average of 1,000 milligrams of calcium a 
day have smaller over-all levels of body fat and slower weight gain than women who 
consume approximately the same number of calories but less calcium. Calcium is a 
chemical element which is present in bones, teeth and blood. 
 “Our study shows that calcium not only helps control weight, but can also be 
associated specifically with decreases in body fat”, says Dorothy Teegarden, assistant 
professor of foods and nutrition at Purdue University. “We do not know wheter the 
weight regulation applies to women in other age groups or to men”. 
 The researches also found that women in the study who got their calcium from 
dairy sources, such as milk, yogurt and cheese, showed more of the weight control 
benefits than those who primarily use nondairy sources – such as vegetables, nuts and 
beans – or calcium supplements. 
 “There is something in milk that works to help regulate body weight”, 
Teegarden says. 
 Girls, what are you waiting for? Drink milk, lose weight! 
 
 
GRAMMAR 
 
who: when we talk about people 
which: when we talk about things 
whose: instead of his/her or their 
that: genericINGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 32 
 
 
 
 
 
EXERCISES 
 
A) Choose one of the following relative pronouns who, which or whose from the 
dropdown menu. 
1) I talked to the girl ___________________car had broken down in front of the shop. 
2) Mr Richards, ___________________ is a taxi driver, lives on the corner. 
3) We often visit our aunt in Norwich___________________ is in East Anglia. 
4) This is the girl ___________________comes from Spain. 
5) That's Peter, the boy___________________ has just arrived at the airport. 
6) Thank you very much for your e-mail ___________________was very interesting. 
7) The man, ___________________ father is a professor, forgot his umbrella. 
8) The children, ___________________shouted in the street, are not from our school. 
9) The car, ___________________driver is a young man, is from Ireland. 
10) What did you do with the money___________________ your mother lent you? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 33 
 
 
Indefinite pronouns 
Music with Past Perfect Continuous!!!! 
 
 GRAMMAR 
 
 
some-: affirmative sentences any-: in negatives and questions 
 Although we use some- in the interrogative to offer something, to ask for 
something or when we expect a positive response. Examples: 
 
I saw somebody there. 
 
I did not see anybody there. 
 
Did you see anybody there? 
 
Would you like something better? 
 
 
 Instead of I did not see anybody there, we can say I saw nobody there, but we 
cannot use two negative words: I did not see nobody there. 
 
 Anybody, nobody and somebody mean the same as anyone, no-one and 
nobody respectively. No-one can also be written no one. 
 
 Any can also mean "every" or "it does not matter which / who": 
 
You can take any pencil. 
Anybody can do it. It's very easy. 
 
Somebody told me you were abroad. 
 
Nobody came to the meeting. 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 34 
 
Was there anybody in the house? 
 
I want something to eat. 
 
I don't need anything. 
 
I need nothing. 
 
Would you like something to drink? 
 
 
EXERCISES 
 
 
A) Fill in the gaps with somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing, 
somewhere, anywhere or nowhere. 
 
 1. I know __________ about this issue that you may find interesting, but if I tell you, 
you must promise to keep it (a) secret. 
 
 2. __________ lives here. There is no water. 
 
 3. I spent the night __________ near the beach. 
 
 4. __________ could have jumped over this wall, and stole your rake. It's very low. 
 
 5. __________ scares him. He's very brave. 
 
 6. There is __________ to park here. Let's go __________ else to park. 
 
 7. Would you like __________ to wash your hands?. 
 
 8. May I have __________ for dessert, please? 
 
 9. They took him __________ in London, and he never returned. 
 
10. Please don't leave __________ behind at home. We'll be away for a fortnight. 
 
11. She needs __________ to love. She's very lonely. 
 
12. They will not sing __________ in this city. They said that they would never come 
back. 
 
13. There isn't __________ you can do to help them. __________ can help them. 
 
14. We do not need __________ else to run this department. We can do it ourselves. 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 35 
 
15. __________ is ringing the bell. Go and see who it is. 
 
16. __________ phoned while we were out, but they did not leave a message. 
 
17. __________ tells me that there is __________ fishy going on . 
 
18. They are looking for __________ to settle down and have children. They want to 
find a quiet place to lead a quiet life. 
 
19. "Where would you like to stay?" 
 
 "__________ will do provided it is a clean place." 
 
20. "Is there __________ at home?" 
 "I don't think there is __________. Mum and dad must have gone out." 
 
 
Modal Verbs 
 
What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs? 
 Many times when eggs are boiled, you can observe a greenish color around the 
yolk. Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly, that boiling needs to 
be carefully timed, in order to prevent this discoloration. After boiling, the eggs are 
placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process. What is the green color that may 
result when these precautions are not taken? Iron, in the form iron (II) ions, reacts with 
sulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide: 
Fe2+ + S2- = FeS 
 
 Modal verbs are for example may, can, must, should, need. They express an 
ability, permission, wish etc. to do something. (I may, can, must swim.) Many modal 
verbs cannot be used in all of the English tenses. That's why we need to know the 
substitutes to these modal verbs. 
 
Modal Verb Substitute Example 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 36 
 
must to have to I must swim. = I have to swim. 
must not not to be allowed to I must not swim. = I am not allowed to swim. 
Can to be able to I can swim. = I am able to swim. 
may to be allowed to I may swim. = I am allowed to swim. 
need to have to I need to swim. = I have to swim. 
need not not to have to I need not swim. = I don't have to swim. 
shall / 
should/ ought 
to 
to be supposed to / to be 
expected to / to be to 
I shall / should / ought to swim. = I am 
supposed to swim. / I am expected to swim. / I 
am to swim. 
 
 
 EXERCISES 
 A) Choose the correct substitute for each modal verb. 
 1. We ought to win the race. → We_________________ win the race. 
 2. I can swim. → I _________________swim. 
 3. You must meet my best friend. → You_________________ meet my best friend. 
 4. He should be in bed by now. → He_________________ be in bed by now. 
 5. I must get up early. → I _________________get up early. 
 6. They may stay up late. → They _________________stay up late. 
 7. She needs to see the doctor. → She _________________see the doctor. 
 8. We need not walk. → We _________________walk. 
 9. You must not sleep → You_________________ sleep. 
 10. Should I go to the cinema with them? →_________________ go to the cinema 
with them? 
 
B) Use modal verbs where possible. If a modal verb can't be used with a certain tense, 
use its substitute. 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 37 
 
 1. You (must) ________ get up early tomorrow. 
 2. You (not / need) _______________call a baby sitter. 
 3. We (may) _______________watch the film tonight. 
 4. He (not / can) _______________see me yesterday. 
 5. She (must) _______________stay at school yesterday afternoon. 
 6. (may / you) _______________go to the disco yesterday? 
 7. He (not / must) _______________sleep now. 
 8. You (not / need) _______________ answer. 
 9. He (ought to) _______________give evidence at thecourt yesterday. 
 10. Since he bought the new car he_______________ (not / can) sleep. 
OBS: - must not - prohibition (it is not allowed) 
 - need not - option (it is not necessary) 
Ex: The players must not touch the ball with their hands or arms. = They are not 
allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms. 
 
 
 
Future Perfect 
Use: something will already have happened before a certain time in the future 
 
will + have + past participle 
 
Ex: 
I will have written the letter by tomorrow. 
Will the car have started? 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 38 
 
When we arrive there, they won´t have left. 
The train will leave the station at 9am. 
You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. → When you arrive, the train will have left. 
 
EXERCISES 
 
A) Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect. 
1) Anne_____________________her bike next week. (to repair) 
2) We _____________________the washing by 8 o'clock. (to do) 
3) She _____________________Paris by the end of next year. (to visit) 
4) I _____________________this by 6 o'clock. (to finish) 
5) Sam _____________________by next week. (to leave) 
6) She _____________________this with her mother tonight. (to discuss) 
7) The police _____________________the driver. (to arrest) 
8) They_____________________ their essay by tomorrow. (to write) 
9) Paolo_____________________ the teams. (to manage) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 39 
 
Irregular verbs (most common) 
infinitive simple past past participle 
to go went Gone 
I go I went I have gone 
he goes he went he has gone 
I don't go I didn't go I haven't gone 
he doesn't go he didn't go he hasn't gone 
 
infinitive simple past past participle 
Be was/were Been 
I am I was I have been 
he is he was he has been 
we are we were we have been 
Beat Beat Beaten 
become Became Become 
Begin Began Begun 
bet* Bet Bet 
break Broke Broken 
Bring Brought Brought 
Build Built Built 
Buy Bought Bought 
Catch Caught Caught 
choose Chose Chosen 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 40 
 
come Came Come 
Cost Cost Cost 
CUT CUT CUT 
Deal Dealt Dealt 
Do Did Done 
Draw Drew Drawn 
Drink Drank Drunk 
Drive Drove Driven 
Eat Ate Eaten 
Fall Fell Fallen 
Feed Fed Fed 
Feel Felt Felt 
Fight Fought Fought 
Find Found Found 
Fly Flew Flown 
Forget Forgot forgotten 
Freeze Froze Frozen 
Get Got got, gotten 
Give Gave Given 
GO Went Gone 
Grow Grew Grown 
Hang Hung Hung 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 41 
 
Have Had Had 
Hear Heard Heard 
Hide Hid Hidden 
Hit Hit Hit 
Hold Held Held 
Hurt Hurt Hurt 
Keep Kept Kept 
know Knew Known 
Lay Laid Laid 
Leave Left Left 
Lend Lent Lent 
Let Let Let 
Lie Lay Lain 
Lose Lost Lost 
Make Made Made 
Mean Meant Meant 
Meet Met Met 
Pay Paid Paid 
Put Put Put 
Read Read Read 
Ride Rode Ridden 
Run Ran Run 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 42 
 
Say Said Said 
See Saw Seen 
Sell Sold Sold 
Send Sent Sent 
shake Shook Shaken 
steal Stole Stolen 
shine Shone Shone 
shoot Shot Shot 
show* Showed Shown 
Sing Sang Sung 
Sit Sat Sat 
Sleep Slept Slept 
Speak Spoke Spoken 
Spend Spent Spent 
Swim Swam Swum 
Take Took Taken 
Teach Taught Taught 
Tell Told Told 
Think Thought Thought 
Throw Threw Thrown 
understand understood understood 
wake* Woke Woken 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 43 
 
Wear Wore Worn 
Win Won Won 
Write Wrote Written 
* regular form (+ -ed) also possible. 
 
 
 
 
Reported Speech 
Reported Statements 
When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example 
"I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the 
first person said. 
Watch my reported speech video: 
Here's how it works: 
We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell' If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. 
We just put 'she says' and then the sentence: 
 Direct speech: “I like ice cream” 
 Reported speech: She says she likes ice cream 
We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' 
from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'. 
But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the 
reported speech: 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 44 
 
 Direct speech: “I like ice cream” 
 Reported speech: She said she liked ice cream 
Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech 
present simple “I like ice cream” She said (that) she liked ice cream. 
present 
continuous 
“I am living in London” She said she was living in London. 
past simple “I bought a car” 
She said she had bought a car OR She said she 
bought a car. 
past 
continuous 
“I was walking along the 
street” 
She said she had been walking along the street. 
present perfect “I haven't seen Julie” She said she hadn't seen Julie. 
past perfect* 
“I had taken English 
lessons before” 
She said she had taken English lessons before. 
will “I'll see you later” She said she would see me later. 
would* “I would help, but..” She said she would help but... 
can 
“I can speak perfect 
English” 
She said she could speak perfect English. 
could* 
“I could swim when I 
was four” 
She said she could swim when she was four. 
shall “I shall come later” She said she would come later. 
should* 
“I should call my 
mother” 
She said she should call her mother 
might* "I might be late" She said she might be late 
must 
"I must study at the 
weekend" 
She said she must study at the weekend OR She said 
she had to study at the weekend 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 45 
 
* doesn't change 
Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information 
in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even 
then usually we like to change the tense): 
 Direct speech: “The sky is blue” 
 Reported speech: She said that the sky is/was blue 
Reported Questions 
So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative 
sentences. But how about questions? 
 Direct speech: "Where do you live?" 
How can we make the reported speech here? 
 
In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the same, and we 
keep the question word. The very important thing though is that, once we tell the question to 
someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal 
positive sentence. Confusing? Sorry,maybe this example will help: 
 Direct speech: "Where do you live?" 
 Reported speech: She asked me where I lived. 
Do you see how I made it? The direct question is in the present simple tense. We make a 
present simple question with 'do' or 'does' so I need to take that away. Then I need to change 
the verb to the past simple. 
 
Another example: 
 Direct speech: "where is Julie?" 
 Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was. 
The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of the present 
simple of be by inverting (changing the position of)the subject and verb. So, we need to change 
them back before putting the verb into the past simple. 
Here are some more examples: 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 46 
 
Direct Question Reported Question 
“Where is the Post Office, please?” She asked me where the Post Office was. 
“What are you doing?” She asked me what I was doing. 
“Who was that fantastic man?” She asked me who that fantastic man had been. 
 
So much for 'wh' questions. But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no' question? We don't 
have any question words to help us. Instead, we use 'if': 
 Direct speech: "Do you like chocolate?" 
 Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate. 
No problem? Here are a few more examples: 
 
Direct Question Reported Question 
“Do you love me?” He asked me if I loved him. 
“Have you ever been to Mexico?” She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico. 
“Are you living here?” She asked me if I was living here. 
Reported Requests 
There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For 
example: 
 Direct speech: "Close the window, please" 
 Or: "Could you close the window please?" 
 Or: "Would you mind closing the window please?" 
All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when 
we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive': 
 Reported speech: She asked me to close the window. 
Here are a few more examples: 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 47 
 
Direct Request Reported Request 
“Please help me”. She asked me to help her. 
“Please don't smoke”. She asked me not to smoke. 
“Could you bring my book tonight?” She asked me to bring her book that night. 
“Could you pass the milk, please?” She asked me to pass the milk. 
“Would you mind coming early tomorrow?” She asked me to come early the next day. 
To report a negative request, use 'not': 
 Direct speech: "Please don't be late." 
 Reported speech: She asked us not to be late. 
Reported Orders 
And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in 
English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example: 
 Direct speech: "Sit down!" 
In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' 
instead of 'ask': 
 Reported speech: She told me to sit down. 
Direct Order Reported Order 
“Go to bed!” He told the child to go to bed. 
“Don't worry!” He told her not to worry. 
“Be on time!” He told me to be on time. 
“Don't smoke!” He told us not to smoke. 
Time Expressions with Reported Speech 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 48 
 
Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time 
expressions too. We don't always have to do this, however. It depends on when we 
heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech. 
 
For example: 
 
It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today". 
 
If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today". 
If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday". 
If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday". 
If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day". 
 
So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct speech 
was said. 
 
Here is a table of some possible conversions: 
now then / at that time 
today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June 
yesterday the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December 
last night the night before, Thursday night 
last week the week before / the previous week 
tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday 
 
 
Exercises 
 1) Put the sentences into the indirect speech. Supply the correct form of the verbs. 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 49 
 
a. I said, “I don’t feel well today.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
b. Mother said, “The girls are playing in the park.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
c. She said, “I will be your new teacher.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
d. George said, “I read the newspaper yesterday.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
e. My father said, “I will be working tomorrow.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
f. Harold said, ”I am studying Biology now.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
g. The driver said, “I will reach New York next Friday.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
h. He said, “I saw her last night.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
i. Jane said, “Joe didn’t lend me his book this morning.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
j. Mr. Winston said, “John doesn’t live here.” 
__________________________________________________________ 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 50 
 
 2) Put the sentences into direct speech. 
a. Julie said that she would receive a letter from her brother. 
___________________________________________________________ 
b. James said that I had to see his work that day. 
___________________________________________________________ 
c. She said that she had lived there since the year before. 
___________________________________________________________ 
d. They said that they were studying History then. 
___________________________________________________________ 
e. Frank said that he would be in London the following week. 
___________________________________________________________ 
f. We said that we couldn’t find the answer. 
___________________________________________________________ 
g. Cecilia said that we had to help her that day. 
___________________________________________________________ 
 3) Choose the correct alternative. 
1. The reported speech form of the sentence: The clock will never work again if 
you try to mend it.” Is: 
a. He told that the clock would never have worked again if I have tried to mend 
it. 
b. He told the clock would never had worked again if I tried to mend it. 
c. He said the clock would had never work again if I had tried to mend it. 
d. He says the clock would never work again if I try to mend it. 
e. He said that the clock would never work again if I tried to mend it. 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 512. They said, “We are writing our reports now.” 
a. They said they were writing their reports at the moment. 
b. They said the reports were written by them. 
c. Now they are writing the reports. 
d. They say they wrote the reports. 
e. They said that the reports were written. 
 
3. The indirect speech form of “The teacher said: “I am sure I have understood 
you .” is: 
a. The teacher said you are sure you had understood him. 
b. The teacher said I was sure he understood him. 
c. The teacher said that he was sure he had understood me. 
d. The teacher said I am sure I have understood you. 
e. The teacher said he is sure he understands me. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 52 
 
 
BIBLIOGRAFIA: 
 
 Inglês para o ensino médio: Volume único / Mariza Tiémann Ferrari, Sarah Giersztel 
Rubin - São Paulo: Scipione, 2002 – Série Parâmetro. 
 
 Take over 2 / Denise Snatos – São Paulo: Editora Lafonte Ltda.- 2010. 
 
 Sun up / Volume 3 / Amos – Presher – Pasqualin – São Paulo: Editora Richmond 
Publishing – 3º edição – 2010. 
 
 Source: WWW.time.com 
 
 Sun up / Volume 2 / Amos – Presher – Pasqualin – São Paulo: Editora Richmond 
Publishing – 3º edição – 2010.