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INGLÊS 
 
TEL: (61) 4102-8485/4102-7660 
SITE: www.cursodegraus.com.br 
273 
UNIDADE I - IDENTIFICANDO 
 
1 PERSONAL PRONOUNS (PRONO-
MES PESSOAIS) 
 
I – Eu 
YOU – tu, você 
HE – Ele 
SHE – Ela 
IT – ele ou ela (para coisas ou animais) 
WE – nós 
YOU - vós, vocês 
THEY – eles ou elas 
 
Singular: 
I (refere-se à 1ª. Pessoa) 
YOU (refere-se à 2ª. Pessoa) 
 
Para a 3ª. Pessoa do singular, há 3 pronomes em inglês 
HE - masculino 
SHE – feminino 
IT – neutro 
 
Plural: 
WE (refere-se à 1ª. Pessoa) 
YOU (refere-se à 2ª. Pessoa) 
THEY (refere-se a 3ª. Pessoa) 
 
2. VERB TO BE (SER ou ESTAR) 
 
SUJEITO VERBO 
I Am 
YOU Are 
HE Is 
SHE Is 
IT Is 
WE Are 
YOU Are 
THEY Are 
 
AFIRMATI-
VA 
NEGATI-
VA 
INTERROGATI-
VA 
I am I am not Am I ? 
You are You are not Are you ? 
He is He is not Is he ? 
She is She is not Is she ? 
It is It is not Is it? 
We are We are not Are we ? 
You are You are not Are you ? 
They are They are not Are they? 
 
 
 
 
 
AFIRMATIVA AFIRMATIVA CON-
TRATA 
I am I’m 
You are You’re 
He is He’s 
She is She’s 
It is It’s 
We are We’re 
You are You’re 
They are They’re 
 
 
NEGATIVA NEGATIVA 
CONTRACTA 
NEGATIVA 
CONTRATA 
I am not I’m not I’m not 
You are not You’re not You aren’t 
He is not He’s not He isn’t 
She is not She’s not She isn’t 
It is not It’s not It isn’t 
We are not We’re not We aren’t 
You are not You’re not You aren’t 
They are not They’re not They aren’t 
 
3. INDEFINITE ARTICLE A / AN (ARTIGO 
INDEFINIDO) 
O artigo indefinido em inglês existe somente no singu-
lar. Há duas formas: A e AN 
 
A – é usado antes de palavras que começam com conso-
antes e semi-vogais 
AN – é usado antes de palavras que começam com vo-
gal ou h mudo (não-aspirado). 
 
a teacher a house 
an engineer an honest man 
a captain an hour 
an officer a university 
 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
Questão 01 
Complete. 
Follow the model: 
 
You are - Are You ? 
He is - 
They are – 
We are - 
She is - 
I am - 
It is - 
Fred is - 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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274 
 
Questão 02 
 
He is - He is not 
They are - 
We are – 
You are – 
She is – 
It is – 
Bob is – 
Mary is 
I am – 
Paul and Jane are – 
 
Questão 03 
Complete as colunas em branco usando as formas nega-
tiva e interrogativa do verbo to be: 
 
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA 
INTERROGATIVA 
I am 
You are 
He is 
She is 
It is 
We are 
You are 
They are 
 
 
Questão 04 
Use a forma contrata: 
 
He is – 
We are – 
It is not – 
I am – 
They are not – 
You are not – 
 You are – 
She is not – 
I am not – 
They are not – 
She is – 
He is not – 
You are not – 
It is not – 
We are not – 
 
Questão 05 
Follow the model: 
 
He’s a student – Is he a student ? 
She’s an engineer – 
They’re teachers – 
You’re typist – 
I’m an architect – 
You’re an officer – 
He’s a civilian – 
 
I’m a captain – I’m not a captain. 
He’s an architect – 
You’re teachers – 
We’re officers – 
They’re sergeants – 
You’re a civilian – 
I’m a typist – 
She’s a teacher – 
 
 
Questão 06 
Complete as frases com o artigo indefinido: 
I’m _____________ teacher. 
You’re ____________captain. 
He’s ______________sergeant. 
She’s ______________typist. 
You’re _____________ officer. 
He’s _______________ engineer. 
She’s ______________architect. 
He’s _______________ civilian. 
 
Questão 07 
Complete com o verbo to be: 
I __________ 
You _______ 
He _______ 
She ______ 
It ________ 
We ______ 
You ______ 
They ______ 
 
 
4. PRONOMES DEMONSTRATIVOS 
 
Singular: 
THIS – refere-se a uma coisa que está perto do locutor 
THAT – refere-se a uma coisa que está longe do locutor 
 
Ex.: This is a book. 
 That is a book. 
 
Plural: 
THESE – refere-se a coisas que estão perto do locutor. 
THOSE – refere-se a coisas que estão longe do locutor. 
 
Ex.: These are books. 
 Those are books. 
 
Obs.: O artigo indefinido A/AN não existe no plural. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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5 PRONOMES INTERROGATIVOS 
 
What – usado para perguntar “O quê?” 
 Ex.: What is this? 
 
Where – usado para perguntar “Onde?” 
 Para perguntar sobre a origem usamos o inter-
rogativo WHERE e a preposição FROM, que indica 
procedência. 
 Ex.: Where are you from? I’m from Brazil. 
 
How old – usado para perguntar a idade 
 Ex.: How old are you? I’m 37 years old. 
 
6 SOME CARDINAL NUMBERS: 
 
1 ONE 1
1 
ELEVEN 2
1 
TWEN-
TY-ONE 
2 TWO 1
2 
TWELVE 2
2 
TWEN-
TY-TWO 
3 THRE
E 
1
3 
THIRTEEN 2
3 
TWEN-
TY-
THREE 
4 FOUR 1
4 
FOURTEEN 2
4 
TWEN-
TY-FOUR 
5 FIVE 1
5 
FIFTEEN 2
5 
TWEN-
TY-FIVE 
6 SIX 1
6 
SIXTEEN 2
6 
TWEN-
TY-SIX 
7 SEV-
EN 
1
7 
SEVEN-
TEEN 
2
7 
TWEN-
TY-
SEVEN 
8 EIGHT 1
8 
EIGHTEEN 2
8 
TWEN-
TY-
EIGHT 
9 NINE 1
9 
NINETEEN 2
9 
TWEN-
TY-NINE 
1
0 
TEN 2
0 
TWENTY 3
0 
THIRTY 
 
 
7. EXPRESSÕES USUAIS DE CUMPRIMEN-
TO: 
Hello - Alô 
How are you? – Como vai você? 
Fine, thanks. And you? - Bem, obrigado. E você? 
Good bye – Até logo 
Good morning – Bom dia 
Good afternoon – Boa tarde 
Good evening – Boa noite (ao chegar) 
Good night – Boa noite (ao sair) 
Hi – Oi 
So long – Até logo. 
 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
Questão 01 
 
Follow the model: 
 
How are you, Mary? Fine, thanks. And you? 
How are you, Fred? 
How are you, Bob? 
How are you, Katherine? 
How are you, Jennifer? 
 
Questão 02 
Complete the dialogue: 
 
Good morning, Bob. ____________________ 
How are you? __________________________ 
I’m fine. ______________________________ 
Good Bye. ____________________________ 
 
Questão 03 
Follow the model: 
 
What is this? (a book) – This is a book. 
What is that? (a record) 
What is this? (a tape) 
What is that? (a window) 
What is this? (a pen) 
What is that? (a door) 
What is this? (a pencil) 
What is that? (a chair) 
What is this? (a table) 
 
 
(Pierre) Where is Pierre from? 
(Jennifer) 
(We) 
(David and Christopher) 
(I) 
(you) 
 
 
How old are you?(23) I’m 23 years old 
How old is Bob? (37) 
How old is Paul? (22) 
How old am I ? (30) 
How old is Captain Brown ? (38) 
How old is Jane ? (25) 
How old are Jim and Fred? (10) 
How old are you ? (12) 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
TEL: (61) 4102-8485/4102-7660 
SITE: www.cursodegraus.com.br 
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Questão 04 
Answer the questions: 
Where are you from? 
What is your name? 
What is this? (book) 
What is that? (flower) 
Where are Christopher and Christine from? (Brazil) 
How old are you ? 
 
UNIDADE II - SITUANDO NO ESPAÇO E 
NO TEMPO E QUANTIFICANDO 
1. PLURAL OF NOUNS 
 
a. Forma-se o plural da maioria das palavras, 
acrescentando-se “S” à forma singular 
 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
Book Books 
Tape Tapes 
Student Students 
Pilot Pilots 
Mechanic Mechanics 
Pencil PencilsPen Pens 
Recorder Recorders 
Chair Chairs 
Table Tables 
Teacher Teachers 
Barber Barbers 
 
 
b. As palavras que terminam com SS, S, SH, CH, X, Z 
e O, acrescentamos ES 
 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
Class Classes 
Bus Buses 
Brush Brushes 
Watch Watches 
Box Boxes 
Buzz Buzzes 
Potato Potatoes 
 
Observações: 
- Palavras de origem grega que terminam em ch pro-
nunciado com o som de k, acrescenta-se apenas S. 
 
 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
Monarch Monarchs 
Epoch Epochs 
Patriarch Patriarchs 
Matriarch Matriachs 
 
- Substantivos terminados em o, porém que são formas 
reduzidas e vocábulos de origem estrangeira, acrescen-
ta-se apenas S. 
 
 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
Photo Photos 
Piano Pianos 
Studio studios 
 
a. Forma-se o plural das palavras que terminam 
em Y precedido de consoante, tirando Y e acrescen-
tando IES. 
 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
Lady Ladies 
City Cities 
Study Studies 
 
Palavras que terminam em Y precedido de vogal, 
acrescenta-se apenas S 
 
 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
Boy Boys 
Day Days 
Toy Toys 
 
 
d. Há formas de plural que são irregulares. Vejamos 
alguns exemplos; 
 
SINGULAR PLURAL 
Man Men 
Woman Women 
Child Children 
Foot Feet 
Person People 
Half Halves 
Loaf Loaves 
Thief Thieves 
Life Lives 
Knife Knives 
Ox Oxen 
Goose Geese 
Tooth Teeth 
Mouse Mice 
Louse Lice 
Die Dice 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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OBSERVAÇÕES: 
a) Há palavras em inglês que só existem no plu-
ral: 
Scissors (tesoura) 
Outskirts (arredores) 
Surroundings (arredores) 
Belongings (pertences) 
Pants / Trousers (calças) 
 
My scissors are on the table. 
John’s pants are dirty. 
 
Por outro lado, existem substantivos no singular que se 
referem a um grupo de pessoas, um coletivo. Esses 
substantivos, em inglês, fazem a concordância verbal no 
plural. 
 
Police (polícia) – The police are looking for the robbers. 
 
Além de “police”, no inglês britânico, são usados com o 
verbo no plural: manegement (administração, diretoria) 
Government (governo, no sentido de governantes) 
Assembly (assembléia) 
 
 
b) Há substantivos que terminam em s mas são 
falsos plurais, ficando o verbo no singular. 
Mathematics (matemática) Genetics (ge-
nética) 
Physics (física) Politics (política) 
Electronics (eletrônica) News (notí-
cia, notícias) 
Acoustics (acústica) 
 
c) Existem substantivos que, no plural, podem ter 
outro sentido totalmente diferente. 
Custom (coustume) - Customs (alfândega) 
Glass (copo, vidro) - Glasses (óculos) 
 
There is a glass on the table. 
My glasses are on the table. 
 
 
Existem dois adjetivos que, acrescidos de s, passam a 
ser substantivos, tendo outro sentido. 
Good (bom) - Goods (mercadorias, bens) 
New (novo) – News (notícia, notícias) 
 
 
d) Algumas palavras têm a mesma forma para o 
singular e o plural: 
Fish (peixe , peixes) 
Sheep (ovelha, ovelhas) 
Deer (veado, veados) 
Trout (truta, trutas) 
Shrimp (camarão, camarões) 
Aircraft (aeronave, aeronaves) 
Means (recurso, recursos) 
Species (espécie, espécies) 
Series (série, séries) 
 
There is one fish in the aquarium. There are three fish 
in the aquarium 
This is a rare species. These are rare species. 
 
 
e) Há substantivos, no inglês, que só existem no 
singular (a concordância verbal é sempre feita no singu-
lar). 
Information (informação, informações) 
Equipment (equipamento, equipamentos) 
Advice (conselho) 
Money (dinheiro) 
Jewelry (jóias) 
Air (ar) 
Snow (neve) 
Music (música) 
Evidence (evidência, provas) 
Homework (trabalho de casa, escolar) 
Furniture (mobília) 
Clothing (roupa, roupas) 
Weather (tempo) 
Knowledge (conhecimento) 
Luggage / baggage (bagagem) 
 
f) Os substantivos terminados em f ou fé, geral-
mente, fazem o plural em ves. 
Life – lives 
Shelf – shelves 
Wolf – wolves 
Half – halves 
Thief – thieves 
Wife – wives 
 
g) Cerca de 15 palavras terminadas em f, ff ou fe, 
no plural, recebem apenas S. Dentre elas, vale a pena 
gravar: 
Belief – beliefs (crença) 
Brief – briefs (sumário, resumo) 
Chief – chiefs (chefe, cacique) 
Cliff - cliffs (despenhadeiro) 
Cuff – cuffs (punho de camisa) 
Grief – griefs (dor, sofrimento) 
Handkerchief – handkerchiefs (lenço) 
Proof – proofs (prova) 
Safe – safes – (cofre) 
h) Há palavras que admitem duplo plural; 
dwarf – dwarfs – dwarves (anão) 
hoof – hoofs – hooves (casco de animal) 
roof – roofs – rooves (telhado) 
scarf – scarfs – scarves (manta, cachecol) 
self – selfs – selves (a própria pessoa) 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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2. SOME PREPOSITIONS: ON, IN, AT ,OF 
 
On – indica posição em contato com uma superfície 
(em cima ou na superfície de ) – The book is on the 
table (O livro está na mesa – em cima de) 
IN – indica posição no interior (dentro de) – The teacher 
is in the classroom (O professor está na sala de aula – 
dentro da sala) 
AT – indica uma posição que não tem contato ou não 
está dentro (EM ou A) – The teacher is at the table (O 
professor está à mesa) 
OF – indica usualmente posse ou qualificação (DE) – 
The days of the week (Os dias da semana) 
 
3. THERE IS / THERE ARE 
 
São formas que demonstram a existência ou presença de 
coisas ou pessoas. 
Correspondem em português ao uso impessoal do verbo 
HAVER, no presente. 
THERE IS é usado para indicar singular 
THERE ARE é usado para indicar plural. 
 
Ex.: There is one teacher in the classroom. 
 There are eight teachers in the classroom. 
 
As formas interrogativa e negativa são feitas do mesmo 
modo que as do verbo TO BE. 
Afirmativa - There is a book on the table. 
Interrogativa – Is there a book on the table ? 
Negativa – There is not a book on the table. (There isn’t 
a book on the table.) 
 
 
Usamos o pronome interrogativo HOW MANY para 
perguntar sobre a quantidade. (Quantos ou Quantas) 
Ex.: How many students are there in the classroom? 
 There are twenty students in the classroom. 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
Questão 01 
Follow the model: 
 
a)This is a pencil. These are pencils. 
That is a door 
This is a table 
That is a bus 
 
b)What are these? (books) These are books. 
What are those? (recorders) 
What are these? (buses) 
What are those? (brushes) 
What are these? (tables) 
What are those? (chairs) 
 
Questão 02 
Ponha as frases no plural: 
 
This is a book. 
That is a table. 
What is this? 
That is a lady. 
This is a woman. 
That is a bus. 
This is a child. 
This is a potato. 
This is a watch. 
This is a barber. 
This is a city. 
What is that? 
 
 
Questão 03 
Follow the model: 
 
a)There is a child in the room. 
Is there a child in the room? 
 
There are nine teachers in the classroom. 
 
 
There is a book on the teacher’s desk. 
 
There is an engineer in the room. 
 
b)There are 4 books on the floor. 
There aren’t 4 books on the floor. 
 
There is a map on the wall. 
 
There are 6 lamps in the room. 
 
There are 10 people in the classroom. 
 
 
c)How many people are there in the room? (8) 
There are eight people in the room. 
 
 
How many children are there in the classroom? (2) 
 
 
How many buses are there here? (3)How many barbers are there here? (6) 
 
 
How many maps are there on the wall? (1) 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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SITE: www.cursodegraus.com.br 
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Questão 04 
Complete com THERE IS ou THERE ARE: 
______________ a student at the door. 
_______________ a map on the wall. 
_______________ three lamps in the room. 
_______________ two large windows in the room. 
_______________ only one door. 
 
 
Questão 05 
Coloque as frases acima nas formas negativa e interro-
gativa. 
 
NEGATIVA: 
____________________________________________ 
____________________________________________ 
____________________________________________ 
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ 
INTERROGATIVA: 
___________________________________________ 
___________________________________________ 
___________________________________________ 
___________________________________________ 
___________________________________________ 
 
4. MORE CARDINAL NUMBERS 
20 - twenty 
21 – twenty-one 
30 - thirty 
31 – thirty-one 
40 - forty 
41 – forty-one 
50 - fifty 
51 – fifty-one 
60 - sixty 
61 – sixty-one 
70 - seventy 
71 – seventy-one 
80 - eighty 
81 – eighty-one 
90 - ninety 
91 – ninety-one 
100 – one hundred – a hundred 
101 – one hundred one 
1000 – one thousand – a thousand 
1.000.000 – one million - a million 
1.000.000.000 – one billion – a billion 
 
20 – twenty 
23 – twenty-three 
423 – four hundred twenty-three 
5.423 – five thousand four hundred twenty-three 
 
 
5. THESE ARE THE DAYS OF THE WEEK 
Sunday - Domingo 
Monday – Segunda-feira 
Tuesday - Terça-feira 
Wednesday - Quarta-feira 
Thursday – Quinta-feira 
Friday – Sexta-feira 
Saturday – Sábado 
 
6. SOME ORDINAL NUMBERS 
 
CARDINAL ORDINAL ABRE-
VIAÇÕES 
1 - one First 1 st 
2 – two Second 2 nd 
3 – three Third 3 rd 
4 – four Fourth 4 th 
5 – five fifth 5 th 
6 – six sixth 6 th 
7 – seven seventh 7 th 
8 – eight eighth 8 th 
9 – nine ninth 9 th 
10 – ten tenth 10 th 
11 – eleven eleventh 11 th 
12 - twelve twelfth 12th 
13 - thirteen thirteenth 13
th
 
14 – fourteen Forteenth 14
th
 
15 – fifteen Fifteenth 15
th
 
16 – sixteen Sixteenth 16
th
 
17 – seventeen Seventeenth 17
th
 
18 – eighteen Eighteenth 18
th
 
19 – nineteen Nineteenth 19
th
 
20 – twenty Twentieth 20
th
 
21 – twenty-
one 
Twenty-first 21
st
 
30 – thirty Thirtieth 30
th
 
40 - forty Fortieth 40
th
 
50 – fifty Fiftieth 50
th
 
60 – sixty Sixtieth 60
th
 
70 – seventy Seventieth 70
th
 
80 – eighty Eightieth 80
th
 
90 – ninety Ninetieth 90
th
 
100 – one hun-
dred / a hun-
dred 
Hundredth 100
th
 
101 – one hun-
dred and one 
Hundred and 
first 
101
st
 
1.000 – one 
thousand/ a 
thousand 
Thousandth 1.000
th
 
1.000.000 – one 
million/ a mil-
lion 
millionth 1.000.000
th
 
1.000.000.000 – 
one billion/ a 
billion 
billionth 1.000.000.000
th
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
TEL: (61) 4102-8485/4102-7660 
SITE: www.cursodegraus.com.br 
280 
 
UNIDADE III - SITUANDO NO ESPAÇO E 
NO TEMPO E QUANTIFICANDO 
1. THESE ARE THE MONTHS OF 
THE YEAR 
January - janeiro 
February – fevereiro 
March - março 
April - abril 
May - maio 
June - junho 
July - julho 
August - agosto 
September - setembro 
October - outubro 
November - novembro 
December – dezembro 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
Questão 01 
Escreva os números por extenso: 
 
3 – 
7 – 
13 – 
22 – 
34 – 
45 – 
56 – 
79 – 
87 – 
161 – 
348 – 
1.590 
 
Questão 02 
Complete: 
 
Today is Monday. Tomorrow is _____________ 
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow is ________________ 
Today is Wednesday. Tomorrow is 
_________________ 
Today is Sunday. Tomorrow is __________________ 
Today is Thursday. Tomorrow is _______________ 
 
 
Questão 03 
Responda as seguintes perguntas: 
a) How many days are there in a week? 
b) When are there classes? 
c) What’s the first day of the week? 
d) What’s the day after Thursday? 
e) What’s the day after Tuesday? 
f) What’s the last day of the school week? 
1) Answer these questions: 
a) What is the eighth month of the year? 
b) What is the second month of the year? 
c) What is the second day of the week? 
d) What is the first day of the week? 
e) What is the last month of the year? 
f) What is the last day of the week? 
g) How many months are there in a year? 
 
Questão 041 
Dê o numeral ordinal e a correspondente abreviação: 
1 
2 
3 
5 
6 
9 
12 
 
 
2. WHAT TIME IS IT? 
01:00 – It’s one o’clock 
01:05 – It’s one-oh-five / it’s five past one 
01:10 – It’s one-ten / it’s ten past one 
01:15 – It’s one-fifteen / it’s fifteen past one / it’s a 
quarter after one 
01:20 – It’s one-twenty / it’s twenty past one 
01:25 – It’s one-twenty-five / Its twenty-five past one 
01:30 – It’s one-thirty / it’s half past one 
01:35 – It’s one-thirty-five / It’s twenty-five to two 
01:40 – It’s one-forty / it’s twenty to two 
01:45 – It’s one forty-five / It’s a quarter to two / It’s 
fifteen to two 
01:50 – It’s one-fifty / It’s ten to two 
01:55 – It’s one-fifty-five / it’s five to two 
 
Quando a hora é exata (sem fração), usa-se “o clock” 
 Ex.: 12:00 – it’s twelve o’clock 
 
 
Usa-se a expressão A.M., para indicar as horas antes do 
meio-dia e P.M. para indicar as horas depois do meio-
dia. 
A.M. – ante-meridium 
P.M. – post-meridium 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
TEL: (61) 4102-8485/4102-7660 
SITE: www.cursodegraus.com.br 
281 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
Questão 01 
Escreva as horas por extenso: 
1:00 
2:10 
3:15 
4:20 
5:30 
6:40 
7:45 
8:50 
9:55 
10:00 
 
3. THE – DEFINITE ARTICLE 
O artigo definido THE é usado para singular, plural, 
masculino e feminino. 
ATENÇÃO: nunca se usa o artigo THE com nomes de 
pessoas 
 
a. Regra Fundamental 
 
- Quando o substantivo é usado em sentido genérico, 
omite-se o artigo. 
Children like toys. (As crianças gostam de brinquedos) 
 
- Porém, quando o substantivo é contável e está sendo 
usado em sentido genérico, no singular, emprega-se o 
artigo. 
The cat is a domestic animal. (O gato é um animal do-
méstico) 
Cats are domestic animals. (Os gatos são animais do-
mésticos) 
 
Veja que o artigo é omitido apenas no plural. 
 
 
Os substantivos contáveis (contable nouns) são aque-
les que admitem plural, ou seja, a maioria. 
Os substantivos incontáveis (uncountable nouns) são 
os que, em inglês, (às vezes, também, em português), 
não admitem plural. 
Gold (ouro) – information (informação) – money (di-
nheiro) – advice (conselho) 
 
- Quando o substantivo é usado em sentido específico, 
emprega-se o artigo. 
The children that are studying are my relatives. (As 
crianças que estão estudando são meus parentes). Ob-
serve que a pessoa que fala não está se referindo a cri-
ança em geral. 
 
 
b. Nunca se usa um artigo antes de nomes 
próprios pessoais e de possessivos. 
 
Peter is my friend. 
Your grandmother is very old. 
 
Convém lembrar que, com sobrenomes, referindo-se a 
uma família específica, emprega-se o artigo. 
 
The Simpsons went to the restaurant. 
 
c. Embora títulos (presidente, rainha, gover-
nador, doutor, general, capitão, bispo, etc.) 
levem o artigo, como em português, devem 
ser usados sem artigo quando acompanhados 
de nome próprio. 
 
The President came to our city. 
President Kennedy was assassinated. 
 
d. Reforçandoa regra básica do genérico-
específico, lembramos que o artigo definido 
deve ser omitido antes de substantivos que 
denotam ESPORTES, CIÊNCIAS, CORES, 
REFEIÇÕES, ESTAÇÕES DO ANO, MESES, 
DIAS DA SEMANA e SUBSTANTIVOS ABS-
TRATOS em sentido genérico. (Em português 
emprega-se o artigo definido nesses casos). 
 
Tennis is very popular in Austrália. 
Biology is an important science. 
Red is Jane’s favorite color. 
I’m going to the bank after lunch. 
Humility is a rare virtue. 
 
Mas.... The blue of her eyes... 
 The lunch she offered us ...... 
 The winter I spent in London ..... 
 The humility os St. Francis ...... 
 
Observe que nesse último grupo de exemplos os subs-
tantivos destacados são empregados em sentido especí-
fico. 
 
e. Omite-se também o artigo definido antes 
de nomes de CIDADES, ESTADOS, ILHAS, 
PAÍSES, CONTINENTES. 
 
Rio is a beautiful city. 
France is famous for its wines. 
Asia is bigger than europe. 
Hawaii is in Oceania. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Exceções: 
The United States – (os Estados Unidos) 
The United Kingdom – (o Reino Unido) 
The United Arab Emirates – (os Emirados Árabes 
Unidos) 
The Netherlands – (os Países Baixos) 
The Dominican Republic – (a República Dominica-
na) 
The Ivory Coast – (a Costa do Marfim) 
The Solomon Islands – (as Ilhas Salomão) 
The Azores – (os Açores) 
The Bahamas – (as Bahanas) 
The Philippines – (as Filipinas) 
 
Acidentes geográficos (montanhas, rios , mares, oce-
anos, etc) levam o artigo em inglês, da mesma forma 
que em português. 
The Andes 
The Alps 
The Rokies 
The Atlantic 
The Mediterranean 
The Amazon 
The Gulf of México 
 
LAGOS, PORÉM, SÃO EXCEÇÃO. 
Lake Victoria - Lake Huron - Lake Titicaca - Lake 
Michiagan 
 
f. Omite-se o artigo definido antes das palavras 
CHURCH, SCHOOL, BED, PRISON, principalmen-
te, quando usadas com o verb TO GO e a preposição 
IN. Sempre?.... NÃO! APENAS quando esses locais 
estiverem sendo usados para a finalidade à qual 
normalmente se destinam. 
 
My chidren go to school in the morning. (são alunos, 
vão estudar) 
I have to go to the school to speak to the principal. (não 
como aluno). 
 
John killed a man and went to prison. Tomorrow his 
wife is going to the prison in order to see him. 
 
Existem ainda outras palavras que normalmente não 
são precedidas de artigo. Entre elas merecem 
destaque: HEAVEN, HELL,WORK. 
 
When I die, I hope to go to heaven. 
Go to hell! 
Paul goes to work at 7:30. 
 
Mas: 
 
- Céu, no sentido de firmamento, é SKY. 
The stars are in the sky. 
 
- Hell (inferno) é precedido de artigo em certas ex-
pressões bastante comuns na linguagem coloquial. 
What the hell !! 
What the hell is going on? 
 
 
g. Ao contrário do que ocorre em português, é obri-
gatório o emprego de artigo definido antes de INS-
TRUMENTOS MUSICAIS PRECEDIDOS DE 
VERBOS COMO TO LIKE, TO LEARN, e, princi-
palmente, TO PLAY. 
Caroline plays the piano well. 
Henry is learning the guitar. 
Robert likes the saxophone. 
 
O verbo TO DANCE quando seguido de uma dança 
específica, também exige um artigo definido. 
Gloria dances the samba very well. 
 
h. Quando o artigo é empregado antes de adjetivos 
substantivados, significa que estes estão no plural. 
The blind (os cegos) 
The poor (os pobres) 
The powerful (os poderosos) 
The rich and the poor (os ricos e os pobres) 
 
Como proceder, então, para o singular? Como dizer o 
rico, o pobre? 
The rich man helped the poor man. 
I gave some money to the blind woman. 
 
UNIDADE IV - DESCREVENDO HÁBITOS 
DIÁRIOS 
 
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 
Sempre que desejamos expressar qualquer 
coisa que seja habitual em nossas vidas, usa-
mos o Simple Present Tense. 
A conjugação do Simple Present Tense dos 
principais verbos em inglês é muito simples. Usamos a 
forma básica do verbo para todas as pessoas, com exce-
ção da 3ª. pessoa do singular, à qual acrescenta-se “S”. 
Como exemplo, conjuguemos o verbo “TO WANT” 
 
I want 
You want 
He wants 
She wants 
It wants 
We want 
You want 
They want 
 
ATENÇÃO: a forma da 3a. Pessoa do singular segue 
aquelas regras do plural, apresentadas na unidade II. 
 
 
 
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Quanto ao verbo “TO HAVE” (ter), temos uma forma 
um pouco diferente para a 3ª. Pessoa. 
 
I have 
You have 
He has 
She has 
It has 
We have 
You have 
They have 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
Questão 01 
Follow the model: 
I get up at 10 o’clock. She gets up at 10 o’clock. 
I wash the car. 
They write the exercises. 
You watch TV. 
We go to school. 
You have classes. 
I eat lunch at 12 o’clock. 
They listen to the tape. 
We have a map. 
 
Questão 02 
Use a forma correta dos verbos: 
I _____________ a tape in the lab. (listen to) 
We ______________________________ the lessons. 
(read) 
Paul _______________________ to school. (go) 
Bob __________________ the exercises. (write) 
Bob and Jane ______________ TV together. (watch) 
The instructor ________________ lunch at the bar-
racks. (eat) 
The mechanic _________________ a car. (have) 
They _________________at 6 o’clock. (get up) 
You _____________ classes. (have) 
Bob and I __________________ home in the afternoon. 
(return) 
 
 
Questão 03 
Dê a forma da 3a. pessoa do singular dos verbos: 
Take – play - 
Brush - study - 
Have – watch - 
Go – dress - 
Work - fix – 
 
2. CONFIRMAR UMA SUPOSIÇÃO 
Quando temos uma idéia sobre alguma coisa, ou suposi-
ção , geralmente fazemos uma pergunta negativa para 
confirmá-la. Em inglês, ocorre a mesma coisa. 
 
Para formar perguntas negativas, nós invertemos a posi-
ção do sujeito com o verbo que estará na forma negati-
va. 
Ex.: Afirmativa: Paul is a student. 
 Negativa: Paul isn’t a student. 
 Int Negativa: Isn’t Paul a student? 
 
Atenção: Nas perguntas negativas, o verbo e a partícula 
“NOT” aparecem sempre na forma contrata. 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
Questão 01 
Ponha as seguintes frases na forma interrogativa negati-
va: 
 
Today is Monday. 
That is a picture. 
Margaret is a teacher. 
Those are airplanes. 
These are maps. 
She is an architect. 
This is a table. 
We are students. 
There are 2 tapes on the table. 
The teacher is at the blackboard. 
 
3. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES 
 
Usamos sempre diante de um substantivo. Serve para 
qualificar o substantivo (está sempre ligado diretamente 
a um substantivo). 
 
PERSONAL PRO-
NOUNS 
POSSESSIVE ADJEC-
TIVES 
I MY 
YOU YOUR 
HE HIS 
SHE HER 
IT ITS 
WE OUR 
YOU YOUR 
THEY THEIR 
 
Ex.: This is my teacher. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Questão 01 
Follow the model: 
 
a)(my) This is my teacher 
 
(her) This is her teacher. 
(their) 
(your) 
(his) 
(my) 
 
b) I – I wash my face 
 
Bob 
Mary 
The cat 
We 
You 
You and Peter 
Bob and Mary 
 
 
Questão 02 
Complete as frases, fazendo as necessárias variações do 
adjetivo possessivo: 
 
I have my book. 
You 
He 
She 
It 
We 
YouThey 
 
Questão 03 
Preencha com a forma correta do adjetivo possessivo: 
You and I study ________________ lessons. 
Jane eats _______ hotdogs. 
Bob and you go to ______ school. 
Paul and Jane have ______ money 
I have _________ car. 
The instructor reads ______________ newspaper. 
You prepare ______________exercise 
The cat drinks ___________milk. 
 
4. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS 
 
O pronome possessivo é usado sozinho, pois refere-se a 
um substantivo já mencionado anteriormente (tem a 
função de substituir o substantivo). 
Ex.: This is my book. This book is mine. 
 
PERSONAL 
PRONOUNS 
POSSESSIVE 
ADJECTIVES 
POSSES-
SIVE PRO-
NOUNS 
I MY MINE 
YOU YOUR YOURS 
HE HIS HIS 
SHE HER HERS 
IT ITS - 
WE OUR OURS 
YOU YOUR YOURS 
THEY THEIR THEIRS 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
 
Questão 01 
Follow the model: 
 
This is my book. This book is mine. 
These are our classrooms. 
This is my car. 
That is his table. 
That is your pencil. 
Those are her dogs. 
This is my blackboard. 
These are your cars. 
That is their lamp. 
Those are his maps. 
 
Questão 02 
Use os pronomes possessivos correspondentes: 
 
These are our watches. They are __________________. 
Bob and Tom have their tapes. They have 
_____________. 
This is Mary’s book. It’s __________. 
Those are John’s books. They are _________ 
It’s 3 o’clock by my watch. It’s 3 o’clock by 
_____________ 
These are your I.D. cards. They are ___________ 
This is the dog’s milk. It’s ________________ 
These are the captain’s grades. They are 
_______________. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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UNIDADE V - DESCREVENDO HÁBITOS 
DIÁRIOS 
 
1. THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE – A, AN 
 
A (um, uma) - antes de consoantes e semivogais. 
 A man 
 A pencil 
 A house 
 A year 
 A university 
 A story 
 
An (um, uma ) – antes de vogais e h não-aspirado. 
 an egg 
 an arm 
 an evening 
 an hour 
 an honest man 
 an opera 
 
 É obrigatório o emprego de um artigo indefinido 
antes de substantivos que denotam profissão. 
 
Helen is a teacher and her husband is an engineer. 
Michael wants to be a doctor. 
 
 
1.2 Emprega-se o artigo indefinido antes de substanti-
vos que denotam religião e nacionalidade. Porém, 
quando a mesma palavra é usada como adjetivo, o artigo 
não pode ser usado. 
 
Peter is a devout Catholic. (substantivo) – Peter é um 
católico fervoroso. 
His wife is Jewish. (adjetivo) - Sua mulher é judia. 
Who won the race? It was a German. (substantivo) 
Quem ganhou a corrida? Foi um alemão. 
Takeshi is Japanese. (adjetivo) – Takeshi é japonês. 
 
Cumpre observar que certas nacionalidades têm duas 
palavras diferentes: uma para o adjetivo, outra para o 
substantivo. 
Salientamos as principais: 
 
 Adjetivo Substantivo 
Inglês English / Bri-
tish 
Englishman 
Francês French Frenchman 
Escocês Scottish Scot / Scotsman 
Irlandês Irish Irishman 
Sueco Swedish Swede 
Dinamarquês Danish Dane 
Holandês Dutch Dutchman 
Espanhol Spanish Spaniard 
 
Obs.: Algumas formas substantivas terminadas em man 
designam o gênero masculino, sendo o feminino forma-
do com woman. 
Englishman – Englishwoman 
Frenchman – Frenchwoman 
 
 
1.3 Depois das preposições with (com) e without 
(sem), seguidas de substantivo concreto, também é 
necessário o artigo indefinido. 
 
Jane prefers to write with a pencil. 
Charles likes to work without a coat. 
Don’t go out in the cold without an overcout! 
 
1.4 É obrigatório o emprego do artigo indefinido depois 
das palavras what (que), such (tal, tais) e half (meio, 
meia), precedendo substantivos contáveis. 
 
Substantivos contáveis (coutable nouns) são aqueles 
que admitem plural, ou seja, a maioria. 
Substantivos não contáveis (uncountable nouns) são os 
que, em inglês, (às vezes, também, em português), não 
admitem plural 
Ex: gold 
 Information 
 Money 
 advice 
 
What a nice day! 
I’ve never seen such a big animal. 
Richard ate half a watermelon. 
What a difficult test we had! 
 
 
Mas: What nice furniture you have! (furniture = não-
contável) 
 Que mobília bonita você tem! 
 
Ann has such patience with kids! (patience = não-
contável) 
Ann tem tanta paciência com crianças! 
 
 
1.5 O artigo indefinido também é usado com sentido de 
por em expressões tais como: preço por quilo, km por 
hora, vezes por dia etc. 
 
Rice costs less than one real a kilo. 
That car was going at more than 150 km an hour! 
We have English class three times a week. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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1.6 O artigo indefinido também é usado em expressões 
idiomáticas, tais como: 
 
many a time Muitas vezes 
all of a su-
dden 
Subitamente, de 
repente 
as a rule Normalmente, de 
regra geral 
in a hurry Com pressa, apres-
sadamente 
as a matter 
of fact 
De fato, na realidade 
one at a 
time 
Um, um de cada vez 
once upon a 
time 
Era uma vez 
an eye for 
na eye 
Olho por olho 
 
 
1.7 Cabe salientar, finalmente, que o artigo indefinido 
não deve ser usado antes de substantivos não-
contáveis, embora nós o façamos em português. Nesses 
casos, o inglês usa muitas vezes some (algum, alguns, 
alguma, algumas, uns, umas) 
 
Let me give you some advice. 
Can you lend me some money? 
I spent some time in New York. 
 
Observações: 
 
a) Quando queremos enfatizar que se trata de um ou 
uma, não dois (duas) ou mais, usamos o numeral one. 
I asked for one bottle of wine, not two! 
 
 
b) Também usamos o numeral one em expressões idio-
máticas, como one day (um certo dia). 
Then one day he said to me ... 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
 
Questão 01 
Complete com o artigo adequado (the, a , an), onde for 
necessário. 
 
a) _________Pacific is _________ world’s biggest 
ocean. 
b) What did you eat for __________breakfast this morn-
ing? 
c) Henry plays _________piano as well as 
__________guitar. 
d) Mr Silva is _________Catholic but he almost never 
goes to _________church. 
e) I’m in ________hurry because I have to catch 
________bus to go to ______work. 
f) What _______delicious cake! Have _________piece! 
g) Susan was in ________bed with _______ fever, so 
she couldn’t go to _______party. 
h) Helen works as _________ secretary for __________ 
multinational company. 
i) What _________nice gardens! ________people who 
live in these houses must have _________good taste. 
j) ________price of _______gold is going up, but 
________price of ________silver is going down. 
k) ______life is not easy for _____________people who 
earn __________minimum wage. 
l) ________inflation is bad for everybody, but it’s 
worse for ____________ poor than for ________rich. 
m) I like coffee, but ___________coffee they 
serve in _______our school cafeteria is terrible! 
n) _________sun and _________water are necessary for 
_________flowers to grow. 
o) __________air in this room is not good. Please, open 
________windows! 
p) __________students were playing 
_____________basketball in ______school gymnasium. 
q) ___________President’s wifereceived 
_________bouquet of ________flowers. 
r) ___________Dr Costa goes to _________United 
States once ________year. 
 
UNIDADE VI - PERGUNTANDO SOBRE 
HÁBITOS 
1. AUXILIAR VERB - DO 
 
As formas interrogativas e perguntas são sempre feitas 
com a ajuda do verbo auxiliar. Como não temos um 
auxiliar próprio no Simple Present, é necessário usar um 
auxiliar “emprestado” que é o “DO”. 
Colocamos o auxiliar “DO” na frente do sujeito. 
 
Ex.: afirmativa: I have a book 
 Interrogativa: Do I have a book? 
 
Usamos “DO” para todas as pessoas, exceto para a 3ª. 
pessoa do singular, onde emprega-se “DOES”. 
 
 Ex.: DOES Mary speak english? 
 DOES he want a tape? 
 
Note que ao fazer a interrogação com DOES, o “S” do 
verbo principal desaparece. 
 
 
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Ex.: Mary wants a tape. 
 Does Mary want a tape? 
 
 AUXILIAR SUJEITO VERBO 
 I 
 YOU 
DO WE 
 THEY 
 STUDY ? 
 HE 
DOES SHE 
 IT 
 
2. Quando precisamos empregar um interrogativo 
(HOW MANY, WHAT, WHO, WHERE, WHEN, 
WHAT), na pergunta, tem-se a seguinte ordem: 
 
INTERROGA-
TIVO 
AUXILI-
AR 
SU-
JEI-
TO 
VERBO 
WHAT DO YOU WANT? 
WHO DOES HE SEE? 
HOW MANY 
(BOOKS) 
DO YOU HAVE? 
WHERE DOES SHE LIVE? 
WHEN DO YOU STUDY? 
WHAT DO YOU EAT? 
Quando usamos How Many, temos que especificar do 
que queremos saber a quantidade. O interrogativo será 
acompanhado do substantivo. 
 
Ex.: We have tapes. 
 Do we have tapes? 
 How many tapes do we have? 
 
 
 
Questão 01 
Follow the model: 
 
a) (you) – Do you have a book? 
 (she) – Does she have a book? 
 
(Bob) 
(Jane) 
(We) 
(Bob and Mary) 
(You) 
(the teacher) 
 
b) Mary hears a tape – Does Mary hear a tape? 
 Bob sees a boy – Does Bob see a boy? 
 I want 3 pencils – Do I want 3 pencils? 
 
They work at school. 
Jack works every day 
You eat at school. 
The teachers read a book. 
We brush our teeth 
He wants a book. 
She speaks English. 
 
Questão 02 
Use DO ou DOES. 
________ the sergeant go to school? 
________ we speak English? 
________Jane brush her teeth? 
________ it drink milk? 
________ the boys learn well? 
________you say “good morning”? 
________the teacher read the leasson? 
________ the mechanics work in the school? 
________ the officers march every day? 
________ the cadet report to the instructor? 
 
Questão 03 
Faça as perguntas para as seguintes respostas, usando o 
interrogativo apropriado: 
 
_____________________________________________ 
I have ten books. 
 
_____________________________________________ 
I hear a plane. 
 
____________________________________________ 
They eat lunch in a cafeteria 
 
____________________________________________ 
John sees Mary at school. 
 
____________________________________________ 
Bob wants five tapes. 
 
Questão 04 
Assim como precisamos do auxiliar DO/DOES para a 
forma interrogativa também precisamos dele para fezer 
a forma negativa. 
 
SUJEI-
TO 
AUXILI-
AR 
VER-
BO 
COMPLE-
MENTO 
I DON’T HAVE A BOOK 
YOU DON’T SEE A PLANE 
HE DOESN’T HEAR A PLANE 
SHE DOESN’T WANT A TAPE 
IT DOESN’T WANT MILK 
WE DON’T HAVE A PEN 
YOU DON’T HAVE A PENCIL 
THEY DON’T SEE A DOG 
 
 
 
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Questão 05 
Follow the model: 
 
He has a pencil – He doesn’t have a pencil 
I want a book. 
They hear a plane. 
Paul sees a car. 
We have 5 tapes. 
She eats at school. 
We go to work every day 
The engineers want a car. 
They read their lessons. 
I dance well. 
 
 
Questão 06 
Ponha as seguintes frases na forma negativa. 
 
I leave school at 4:30 pm. 
The students read their lessons every morning. 
The car stops at the red light. 
The cadets study hard for the examination. 
It rains here every day. 
That young girl dances very well. 
 
 
Questão 07 
Usamos a forma interrogativa-negativa quando quere-
mos fazer uma pergunta negativa. Para fazer a pergunta 
negativa, usamos DON’T / DOESN’T na frente do 
sujeito. 
 
Ex.: Don’t you have a pencil? 
 Doesn’t Mary hear a plane? 
 Don’t we see a car? 
 
Questão 08 
Follow the model: 
 
We have a pen – Do we have a pen? 
 
They go to school 
Bob dances every day. 
The architects walk every morning. 
Peter stops at the red ligth 
Jane speaks English very well. 
I have 2 cars. 
You hear a train. 
You see a plane 
She has 2 tapes. 
 
Questão 09 
Use DON’T ou DOESN’T 
 
__________ you know the lesson? 
____________ the boy eat hotdogs? 
______________it rain every day? 
____________ we have classes now? 
__________ the officers report to the commander? 
 
Questão 10 
IMPERATIVO 
Ele expressa uma ordem ou comando. O sujeito nunca é 
expresso. Usa-se a forma básica do verbo, isto é, o infi-
nitivo sem o “TO”. 
 
Ex.: Open the door. 
 Close the book. 
 Wait for me. 
 Hurry. 
 
Para formar o imperativo negativo ou a ordem negativa, 
simplesmente usamos DON’T antes do verbo. 
 
 Ex.: Don’t open the door. 
 Don’t close the book. 
 Don’t wait for me. 
 
Para suavizar a ordem ou o comando expressos pelo 
imperativo, ou seja, fazer da nossa ordem um pedido, 
usualmente utilizamos “PLEASE”, que pode ser posici-
onado antes ou depois da ordem. 
 
Questão 11 
Follow the model: 
 
Open the door. – Don’t open the door. 
Close the door. 
Wait for me. 
Hurry. 
Open the window. 
Open your books. 
Close your books. 
Wait for Paul. 
Wait for Mary 
Close the window. 
 
Questão 12 
Formule frases imperativas, usando os verbos entre 
parênteses. 
(to open) 
(to close) 
(to read) 
(to study) 
(to repair) 
(to report) 
(to drive) 
(to wait) 
(to hurry) 
(to call) 
 
 
 
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Questão 13 
Suavize o imperativo das frases acima: 
 
POSSESSIVE CASE (‘S) 
 
O caso possessivo é típico da língua inglesa. Trata-se de 
colocar um apóstrofo seguido de S após o nome do 
possuidor, que precederá sempre a coisa possuída. 
 
John’s car. 
 
a. Tradicionalmente, ensinava-se que o caso possessivo 
aplicava-se à seres animados (pessoas e animais), não 
devendo ser empregado quando o possuidor era um ser 
inanimado (coisas e substantivos abstratos). 
 
Pessoas obviamente abrangem, além de nomes próprios, 
parentes em todos os graus, títulos, cargos, funções, 
profissões e outros substantivos que só podem se referir 
a pessoas: criança, menino (a), amigo (a), vizinho (a), 
colega de escola ou trabalho, etc. 
 
The Queen’s popularity 
My neighbor’s house 
 
O mesmo vale para animais. 
 
The lion’s roar. 
 
 
Posteriormente, passou-se a empregar o ‘s também em 
relação aos corpos celestes, à Terra, ao mundo, aos 
países, às pessoas jurídicas e similares. Assim, dizemos 
corretamente: 
Saturn’s rings. 
The army’s traditions. 
 
Com a evolução da língua e pela facilidade que o ‘s 
oferece (aqui surge o problema), seu uso passou a ser 
tolerado e finalmente aceito em casos nos quais o pos-
suidor é ser inanimado. Esse uso, em certos casos, acaba 
sendo visto como abuso pelos native speakers que pos-
suem boa formação cultural e defendem o que muitoschamam de “proper English”, ou seja, o inglês adequa-
do, correto. 
Assim, locuções como: 
the system’s reliability (a confiabilidade do sistema), 
provavelmente, seriam bem vistas pelos defensores do 
“proper English”. 
Por outro lado, com certeza eles iriam, franzir as so-
brancelhas ou condenar como inaceitáveis locuções do 
tipo: 
The car’s color 
The table’s legs 
 Não obstante, a tendência de ampliação cada vez maior 
do uso do’s em vez de of the é um fato que pode ser 
comprovado, inclusive por meio da leitura de revistas 
cujo inglês é considerado de ótima qualidade. Isso aca-
bou transformando esse tema em um dos mais polêmi-
cos da moderna gramática inglesa. 
 
b. Quando se trata de uma dupla posse (dois possuidores 
do mesmo objeto), acrescenta-se o ‘s apenas ao segundo 
possuidor. 
 
John and Alice’s wedding. (o casamento de John e Ali-
ce) 
 
Mas: 
Men’s and women’s clothes (roupas de homens e de 
mulheres) 
 
 
OBSERVAÇÕES: 
 
1. Quando o possuidor animado estiver no plural (ter-
minado em s), basta acrescentar o apóstrofo. 
The boys’ aunt (a tia dos meninos) 
 
Quando, porém, se tratar de um nome próprio ou sobre-
nome terminado em S, existem duas possibilidades: 
simplesmente acrescentar o apóstrofo ou colocar o após-
trofo seguido de mais um S. 
Mr Jones’ house. Ou Mr Jones’s house. 
 
Entretanto, vale salientar que, no caso de nomes bíbli-
cos, a praxe é usar um of antes do nome. 
The laws of Moses. 
The Book of Jeremias. 
The miracles of Jesus. 
 
2. Na maioria das expressões de tempo é obrigatório o 
uso do caso possessivo. 
 
Today’s newspaper. 
An hour’s work. 
 Next week’s test 
 
3. No caso de substantivos compostos, acrescenta-se o 
‘s à última palavra. 
 
My brother-in-law’s house (a casa do meu cunhado) 
The commander in chief’s orders (as ordens do coman-
dante em chefe) 
 
4. Não se surpreenda ao encontrar um caso possessivo 
que não é seguido de nada. Isso significa que uma pala-
vra ficou subentendida. Essa palavra pode ser house, 
shop, store, office ou church. 
 
I was at my uncle’s. 
He visited St Peter’s in Rome. 
Helen works at prosdócimo’s. 
I’m going to the doctor’s. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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5. Para terminar, temos o duplo possessivo, ou seja, 
além do of, utiliza-se também o ‘s. Ocorre freqüente-
mente com palavras como friend, enemy, relative, 
acquaintance (conhecido). 
He is a friend of my faher’s. 
Bill is na enemy of Henry’s. 
A relative of John’s called me up. 
She’s an acquaintance of my mother’s. 
 
Observe que, no duplo possessivo, as palavras friend, 
enemy, relative, acquaintance são sempre precedidas de 
artigo indefinido (a, an). Eis um macete que não é infa-
lível, mas tem sua utilidade. 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Reescreva as sentenças usando ‘s ou of, conforme o 
caso. 
 
The maid cleans all (the rooms – house) 
The maid cleans all the rooms of the house. 
 
 
I’m going to borrow (the bicycle – my brother) 
I’m going to borrow my brother’s bicycle. 
 
a.Please, give me (a glass – water) 
 
b. Have you seen (the newspaper – today) ? 
 
c. (The fur – fox) is used for making (coats – women) 
 
d. (The beauty – painting) impressed everybody. 
 
e. We all enjoyed (the party – last night) 
 
f. (the desk – Peter) is covered with (sheets – paper) 
 
g. I live next door to (house – uncle Harry) 
 
h. Do you like (the color – this shirt)? 
 
i. (Hands – a mechanic) are often dirty. 
 
j. (Boyfriend – my sister) is studying to be a doctor. 
 
 
 
 
UNIDADE VII - APROFUNDANDO PRÉ-
CONHECIMENTO 
1. RESPOSTAS CURTAS 
 
Em Inglês, quando respondemos a uma per-
gunta direta, não é bastante responder “YES” 
ou “NO”. É necessário também expressar o sujeito e o 
verbo auxiliar correspondente. 
 
DO YOU READ ENGLISH? YES, I DO. 
 NO, I DON’T 
 
DOES MARY READ A BOOK? YES, SHE DOES. 
 NO, SHE DOESN’T 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Answer: 
 
Do you get up at 6:00? 
Yes, _____________________ 
 
Does Mary speak English? 
No, __________________________ 
 
Do we live here? 
No,______________________________ 
 
Do I speak French well? 
Yes, ____________________________ 
 
Does Paul read a book every day? 
No, _____________________________ 
 
Do they drive their car? 
No, ___________________________ 
 
Do Mary and Elizabeth work? 
Yes, ___________________________ 
 
Does the dog eat every day? 
Yes, _________________________________ 
 
Do you smoke? 
No, _____________________________ 
 
Does Peter have two cars? 
No, _________________________________ 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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2. PREPOSITIONS 
As expressões de tempo e as respectivas preposições: 
 
AT – é usada quando especificamos a hora em que uma 
determinada ação ocorre. 
 Ex.: I have lunch at 12 o’clock. 
 I go to class at 9:30. 
 
Também usamos AT com a palavra NIGHT. 
 Ex.: I go home at night. 
 
 
ON – é usada para determinar o dia, quer da semana ou 
do mês. 
 Ex.: I go to class on Monday. 
 My birthday is on the 22 of june. 
 
IN – é usada para determinar o mês, ano, estação do ano 
e as partes do dia. 
 Ex.: in june 
 In 1988 
 In the morning 
 In the afternoon 
 In the evening 
 In the spring 
 
IN também poderá ser usada com semanas. Mas, so-
mente no caso de especificar uma semana dentro do 
mês. 
 Ex.: I work in the first week of the month. 
 
 
. Usamos IN, ON e AT para indicar endereço e lugares. 
AT – para o número 
ON – para a rua 
IN – para o bairro, cidade e país. 
 
 Ex.: I live at 54. 
 on 23rd street. 
 In Miami. 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Preencha as lacunas com a preposição apropriada: 
 
1. The students eat their lunch 
____________________ noon. 
2. He lives __________________ Brooklin. 
3. We go to school __________________the morning. 
4. Independence Day is 
___________________September 7
th
. 
5. Does John take vacations 
__________________Summer? 
6. Do you eat dinner _____________________ night? 
7. Mary works ______________________First Street. 
8. We are __________________1996. 
9. The school is ________________726, Main Street. 
10. The students are ________________the United 
States now. 
 
3. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN - WHOSE 
 
Whose – pergunta quem é o possuidor. 
 Ex.: Whose pencil is this? That is my pencil. 
 
Em inglês, há uma forma especial de expressar quem é 
o possuidor. Usamos o caso possessivo (Posessive Case) 
 Ex. John’s book (the book of John) 
 
Quando o possuidor já é plural regular, acrescentamos 
somente apóstrofe. Não precisamos de outro “S”. 
 Ex.: The teachers’ books. (the books of the 
teachers). 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Answer; 
 
Whose pencil is this? (BOB) 
It’s Bob’s pencil. 
 
Whose car is that? (Mary) 
 
 
Whose tapes are those? (the students) 
 
 
Whose record is that? (Peter) 
 
 
Whose car is this? (Paul) 
 
 
UNIDADE VIII - CARACTERIZANDO E COM-
PARANDO 
1 .THE ADJECTIVE 
 
Em Inglês: 
 
- O adjetivo não tem gênero,isto é, utiliza-se o mesmo 
adjetivo tanto para o masculino como para o feminino. 
A good boy 
A good girl 
 
- O adjetivo não tem número, isto é, não tem plural. 
One fat man 
Five fat men 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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- O adjetivo sempre precede o substantivo que ele quali-
fica. Essa regra é válida também quando estão presentes 
dois ou mais adjetivos. 
A tall girl 
An intelligent boy 
 
- Quando o substantivo é qualificado por mais de um 
adjetivo, é necessário coloca-los na ordem certa. Para 
isso, deve-se considerar o seguinte: 
 
a) Existem adjetivos de fato e adjetivos de opinião. Os 
adjetivos de fato são objetivos, dão-nos informações 
sobre o substantivo (idade, tamanho, cor, origem, etc). 
Os adjetivos de opinião dizem-nos o que alguém pensa 
ou acha sobre o substantivo e sempre precedem os de 
fato. 
 
 OPINIÃO FATO 
AN INTELLIGENT YOUNG MAN 
A VALUABLE CLASSICAL PAINTING 
 
b) Quando existem dois ou mais adjetivos de fato, nor-
malmente são colocados na seguinte ordem: 
 
 OPINIÃO TAMANHO IDADE FORMA COR 
A BEAUTIFUL BIG ROUND 
AN IMPRESSIVE OLD 
A BEAUTIFUL OVAL 
A CHARMING YOUNG 
A WONDERFUL BLUE 
 
 
FEITO DE 
COMO 
 
WOODEN TABLE 
 MONUMENT 
HANDMADE RUG 
 ACTRESS 
 SKY 
 
- O adjetivo é usado depois de certos verbos, tais como: 
To be (ser, estar, ficar) 
To get (tornar-se, ficar) 
To became (tornar-se, ficar) 
To look (parecer) 
To seem (parecer) 
To feel (sentir) 
To taste (ter o gosto de) 
To sound (falar como se, em tom de) 
To smell (cheirar) 
 
Mr Brown was pleased. 
Are you getting tired? 
The pudding tastes strange. 
The boss sounded angry. 
This perfume smells good. 
 
- Um substantivo pode ser precedido por outro substan-
tivo que o qualifica, exercendo, assim, a função de um 
adjetivo. Nesse caso, mesmo que em português o subs-
tantivo qualificante esteja no plural, em inglês, ele 
permanece no singular. 
A ten-story building (um prédio de dez andares) 
 
OBS.: Quando o substantivo estiver associado a um 
numeral, deve-se ligá-los com hífen. 
 
- Ressaltamos, finalmente, que existem adjetivos forma-
dos pelo gerúndio (ing) e pelo particípio (ed) de um 
verbo. A forma ING pode ser considerada ativa, e a 
forma ED, passiva. 
I found the instructions rather confusing. (Achei as 
instruções um tanto confusas.) 
I was confused by the instructions. (As instruções me 
deixaram confuso) 
 
 
Quando usamos o adjetivo, estamos expressando 
alguma qualidade, característica, número ou especi-
ficação do substantivo. Logo, existem alguns interro-
gativos que vão pedir estas informações. Eles são: 
 
WHAT KIND.....? – Que tipo ....? 
HOW MANY.....? – Quantos ....? 
WHICH (ONE) ....? – Qual (deles) ....? 
WHAT COLOR....? – Que cor ? 
 
Ex.: What kind of car is this? 
 It’s a sedan. 
 It’s a sport car. 
 It’s a station wagon. 
 It’s a van 
 
 How many cars do you have? 
 I have one car. 
 I have four cars. 
 
 
 Which car do you prefer? 
 I prefer a new car. 
 I prefer a fast car. 
 I prefer a big car. 
 I prefer a small car. 
 
 What color is your pencil? 
 It’s blue 
 
2. Vamos aproveitar para aprender as cores? 
 
 The snow is White. 
 Coal is black. 
 The sky in Rio is blue. 
 The sky in Londres is grey. 
 The banana is yellow. 
 Blood is red. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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 The tree is green and brown. 
 The rose is pink. 
 The orange is orange. 
 
 
3. Como você pôde observar os adjetivos, em 
inglês, são sempre colocados à frente do 
substantivo. 
 
I have a blue car. 
She wants a new car. 
This is the last class. 
 
 
4. Palavras compostas e posição de substanti-
vos adjetivados. 
 
Algumas palavras, compostas por 2 substantivos, têm 
sua formação baseada no mesmo princípio da posição 
dos adjetivos. O substantivo, que especifica alguma 
qualidade ou característica do outro, sempre antecede o 
qualificado. 
 
CLASSROOM – o substantivo CLASS qualifica o subs-
tantivo ROOM. 
 
Outros exemplos: 
 
NOTEBOOK 
WASTEBASKET 
AIRPLANE 
AIRPORT 
WRISTWATCH 
 
. Alguns substantivos com função de adjetivo vão ser 
colocados na mesma posição do adjetivo. 
 
Ex.: Minute hand 
 Hour hand 
 Auxiliary verb 
 Gold watch 
 Class schedule 
 Bulletin board 
 Station wagon 
 
 
Answer these questions: 
a) How many tables do you have? (fifteen) 
 
 
b) How many cars do you have? (two) 
 
 
c) What color is Paul’s new car? (blue) 
 
 
d) Which one do you prefer? (the blue one) 
 
e) What kind of book does Jane have? (an English book) 
 
f) What color is Bob’s wastebasket? 
 
5. ADVÉRBIOS 
 
Enquanto o adjetivo nos diz algo ou alguma coisa sobre 
um substantivo ou um pronome, o advérbio nos diz 
alguma coisa sobre um verbo, adjetivo ou outro advér-
bio. 
 
. Os advérbios que derivam de um adjetivo são forma-
dos pela adição do sufixo LY 
 
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO 
SLOW SLOWLY 
QUICK QUICKLY 
EASY EASILY 
CORRECT CORRECTLY 
HAPPY HAPPILY 
CAREFUL CAREFULLY 
EFFICIENT EFFICIENTLY 
BAD BADLY 
PERFECT PERFECTLY 
SILENT SILENTLY 
EASY EASILY 
TERRIBLE TERRIBLY 
TRAGIC TRAGICALLY 
 
 Adjetivo: John is a careful student. 
 Advérbio: He studies carefully. 
 
. Como você pode deduzir, o simples acréscimo de LY 
nem sempre basta para formar o advérbio. Observe as 
regras: 
 
a) Os adjetivos terminados em Y trocam por I antes de 
receberem o sufixo LY. 
 
 
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO 
HEAVY HEAVILY 
LAZY LAZILY 
PRIMARY PRIMARILY 
HAPPY HAPPILY 
 
 
 
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b) Os adjetivos terminados em LE trocam o LE por 
LY. 
 
 
ADJETIVO ADVÉR-
BIO 
 HORRI-
BLE 
HORRIBLY 
SIMPLE SIMPLY 
SUBTLE SUBTLY 
 
EXCEÇÃO: WHOLE – WHOLLY 
 
 
c) Aos adjetivos terminados em IC acrescenta-se o 
sufixo ALLY para formar o advérbio. 
 
 
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO 
TRAGIC TRAGICALLY 
FANTAS-
TIC 
FANTASTI-
CALLY 
SPECIFIC SPECIFICALLY 
 
 
OBSERVAÇÃO: Não se pode acrescentar um LY a 
adjetivos que já terminam em LY, tais como:friendly, 
silly, lovely, etc. Nesse caso, deve-se recorrer a uma 
construção com WAY (jeito, modo) ou MANNER 
(maneira). 
 
FRIENDLY (amigável) – IN A FRIENDLY WAY 
SILLY (tolo) – IN A SILLY MANNER 
 
. ATENÇÃO: Alguns advérbios não recebem sufixo e 
mantêm a mesma forma do adjetivo. 
 
 
ADJETIVO ADVÉRBIO 
HARD HARD 
FAST FAST 
LATE LATE 
 EAR-
LY 
EARLY 
RIGHT RIGHT 
HIGH HIGH 
LOUD LOUD 
CLOSE CLOSE 
 
Jack loves fast cars. (adjetivo) 
Jack drives fast. (advérbio). 
 
This is the right way to do it. (adjetivo) 
Do it right! (advérbio) 
 
. Mesmo esses, com exceção de FAST e EARLY, admi-
tem a forma LY, geralmente com alguma alteração no 
sentido. 
 
RIGHTLY – He was treated with great respect, and 
rightly so. (Ele foi tratado com grande respeito, e mere-
cidamente) 
 
HIGHLY – Dr Barbosa is a highly respected surgeon. 
(O Dr. Barbosa é um cirurgião altamente conceituado.) 
 
LOUDLY – Bob spoke so loudly (loud) that he wokeup 
the whole family. (Bob falou tão alto que acordou a 
família toda.) 
 
CLOSELY – The boxer watched his opponent closely. 
(O lutador de boxe observava seu adversário atentamen-
te.) 
 
LATELY – We haven’t seen our neighbors lately. (Não 
temos visto nossos vizinhos ultimamente.) 
 
HARDLY – The test was so difficult that hardly anyone 
passed. (A prova foi tão difícil que quase ninguém pas-
sou.) 
 
OBS.: 
 
Hardly significa quase não e nada tem a ver com hard 
(duro, difícil). Observe que seu sentido é negativo e, por 
isso, o verbo da oração é afirmativo. 
Peter and I are neighbors, but we hardly know each 
other. (Peter e eu somos vizinhos, mas quase não nos 
conhecemos.) 
 
Hardly ever significa quase nunca. 
We hardly ever go to the theater. (Nós quase nunca 
vamos ao teatro). 
 
 
. O adjetivo GOOD tem uma forma especial de ad-
vérbio, que é WELL. 
 Ex.: Bob is a good driver. 
 He drives well. 
 
 
. Contudo, os advérbios não caracterizam somente o 
modo, mas também, tempo, lugar, freqüência e in-
tensidade. Vamos ver onde o colocamos na frase? 
 
Quanto à posição dos advérbios, eles usualmente, estão 
no fim da frase. 
 
Ex.: Mary studies hard. (modo) 
 Mary studies at home. (lugar) 
 Mary studies every day. (tempo). 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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ADVÉRBIOS DE MODO – são aqueles que nos 
dizem como alguma coisa acontece, aconteceu, aconte-
cerá, etc. São colocados depois do verbo principal, 
mas antes de um particípio. 
 
John acted quickly. (John agiu rapidamente) 
Jane was smartly dressed. (Jane estava elegantemente 
vestida). 
 
 
ADVÉRBIOS DE TEMPO – são aqueles que nos 
dizem quando alguma coisa acontece, aconteceu, acon-
tecerá, etc. 
 
a) Se o tempo for definido (today, yesterday, tonight, 
tomorrow) ou se tratar de dias da semana, meses, etc, o 
advérbio normalmente vai para o fim da frase, podendo 
também, às vezes, ser colocado no começo. 
 
I spoke to him last night. (Falei com ele ontem à noite) 
Yesterday I went to the movies. (Ontem fui ao cinema) 
 
The goods will arrive on Monday. (A mercadoria chega-
rá na segunda-feira) 
In January we usually go to the beach. (Em janeiro, 
geralmente vamos para a praia) 
 
 
b) Outros advérbios de tempo têm posição variável. 
 
ALREADY – é colocado depois do verbo to be e é 
intercalado nos tempos compostos. 
The books are already in the library. (Os livros já estão 
na biblioteca.) 
I have already seen that film. (Já vi aquele filme.) 
 
 
JUST – é usado com o present perfect tense, sendo 
sempre intercalado entre o auxiliar HAVE e o PARTI-
CÌPIO. 
The bus has just arrived. (O ônibus acabou de chegar.) 
 
NOW – é normalmente colocado depois do verbo to 
be, podendo ser posto antes para enfatizar. Nos demais 
casos, fica como em português. 
They are now living in Europe. (Eles estão morando na 
Europa agora) 
Now, they are living in Europe. (agora eles estão mo-
rando na Europa.) 
Now I understand! (Agora eu compreendo!) 
I want you to do this now! (Quero que você faça isso 
agora!) 
 
 
SOON - normalmente vai para o final da frase, 
´podendo, porém, ser colocado antes do verbo. 
The doctor promised to come soon. (O médico prome-
teu vir logo) 
The doctor will soon be here. (O médico logo estará 
aqui) 
 
 
AFTERWARDS (LATER) – normalmente vai para o 
final da frase, podendo também ser colocado no seu 
início. 
I’ll speak to you afterwards (later). (falarei com você 
depois – mais tarde) 
Afterwards (later) he said he was sorry. (Depois, ele 
disse que estava arrependido) 
 
 
LATELY – é usado da mesma forma que afterwards. 
Henry has been very busy lately. (Henry tem estado 
muito ocupado ultimamente) 
Lately it has rained a lot. (Ultimamente tem chovido 
muito) 
 
. Os interrogativos HOW, WHERE e WHEN vão 
exatamente perguntar O MODO, O TEMPO e O 
LUGAR. 
 
Ex.: How does Mary study? She studies hard. 
 Where does Mary study? She studies at home. 
 When does Mary study? She studies every day. 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Answer: 
 
a) How does Mary study? (hard) 
Mary studies hard. 
 
How does Peter walk? (slow) 
 
 
How does Bob drive? (careful) 
 
 
How do they work? (hard) 
 
 
b) Where does Mary study? (at home) 
Mary studies at home. 
 
Where does Paul work? (in the officer) 
 
Where does Bob study? (in the library) 
 
Where do we work? (at school) 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Where do I study? (at home) 
 
c) When does Mary study? (every day) 
Mary studies every day. 
 
 
When do you study? (in the evening) 
 
 
When do they go to school? ( in the morning) 
 
 
When does Paul eat lunch? (at noon) 
 
 
When do Peter and Bob watch TV? (at night) 
 
Questão 02 
Preencha com a forma apropriada do advérbio. 
a) You study ______________________ (careful) 
b) She always does her work 
____________________(quick) 
c) She drives _________________________ (careless) 
d) They learn ______________________(quick) 
e) He runs ______________________(fast) 
f) We cook ______________________ (good) 
g) He talks _______________________ (fluent) 
h) We arrive at school___________________ (early) 
i) They work very _______________ (hard) 
j) We get up ___________________(late) 
1) Preencha as lacunas com a forma correta do adjetivo 
ou advérbio. 
a) This is an ____________________ lesson (easy). 
b) He learns it __________________ (easy). 
c) They run very _________________ (fast). 
d) You are a _____________________learner (slow) 
e) She sings _______________________ (beautiful) 
f) They are _________________ students (careful). 
g) He plays tennis ___________________ (good) 
h) He is a ___________________ girl. (beautiful) 
i) I’m a ___________________ driver (fast). 
 
 
6. COMPARATIVE OF SUPERIORITY 
Forma-se o grau comparativo de todos os substantivos 
de 1 sílaba pela adição de ER depois do adjetivo e 
colocando a palavra THAN. 
 
EX. : OLD – OLDER THAN 
 FAST – FASTER THAN 
 NEW – NEWER THAN 
 LOW – LOWER THAN 
 
 A plane is faster than a bus. 
 
 
. Nos casos dos adjetivos de 1 sílaba, contendo uma 
vogal seguida de uma consoante, dobra-se a última 
consoante. 
 BIG – BIGGER THAN 
 HOT – HOTTER THAN 
 
 
. Para adjetivos de 2 sílabas não terminados em Y, 
colocamos a palavra MORE antes do adjetivo e a pala-
vra THAN após o adjetivo. 
 MORE RECENT THAN 
 MORE CORRECT THAN 
 MORE AFRAID THAN 
 MORE COMPLEX THAN 
 MORE FAMOUS THAN 
 MORE MODERN THAN 
 MORE BORING THAN 
 MORE CHARMING THAN 
 
. Para adjetivos de 2 sílabas terminados em Y, troca-se 
o Y por i e acrescenta-se ER + THAN 
PRETTY – PRETTIER THAN 
EASY – EASIER THAN 
BUSY – BUSIER THAN 
 
. OBSERVAÇÃO: Existem adjetivos de duas sílabas 
não terminados em Y que admitem as duas formas (ER 
e MORE), embora a forma ER deve ser preferida nos 
adjetivos assinalados com asterisco. 
 
 
Para adjetivos de 3 ou mais sílabas, colocamos MORE 
e THAN 
Ex.: DIFFICULT – MORE DIFFICULT THAN 
 COMFORTABLE – MORE COMFORTABLE 
THAN 
 EXPENSIVE – MORE EXPENSIVE THAN 
 
 
 
ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO 
SIMPLE (*) SIMPLER / MORE SIMPLE 
GENTLE (*) GENTLER / MORE GENTLE 
ABLE (*) ABLER / MORE ABLE 
POLITE (*) POLITER / MORE POLITE 
CLEVER (*) CLEVERER/ MORE CLEVER 
QUIET QUIETER / MORE QUIET 
NARROW (*) NARROWER / MORE NAR-
ROW 
COMMON COMMONER / MORE COM-
MON 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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ALGUNS EXEMPLOS: 
 
ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO 
HOT HOTTER 
COLD COLDER 
OLD OLDER 
BIG BIGGER 
SMALL SMALLER 
YOUNG YONGER 
SLOW SLOWER 
FAST FASTER 
FAT FATTER 
THIN THINNER 
AFFRAID MORE AFRAID THAN 
RECENT MORE RECENT THAN 
CORRECT MORE CORRECT THAN 
COMFORTABLE MORE COMFORTABLE 
THAN 
CHEAP CHEAPER 
EXPENSIVE MORE EXPENSIVE THAN 
EASY EASIER 
DIFFICULT MORE DIFFICULT THAN 
 
COMPARATIVOS IRREGULARES 
 
ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO 
GOOD BETTER 
BAD WORSE 
LITTLE LESS 
MUCH MORE 
MANY MORE 
WELL BETTER 
FAR FARTHER 
 
1) Follow the model: 
 
Corcovado – high – Sugar Loaf 
Corcovado is higher than Sugar Loaf. 
 
a) A taxi – fast – a bus 
 
b) Summer – hot – Spring 
 
 
c) March – long – February 
 
 
d) A baby – young – a boy 
 
 
e) Chinese – difficult – English 
 
 
f) Paul – old – Bob 
 
 
g) New York – large – Washington. 
 
 
2) Formule frases comparativas usando as idéias abaixo: 
 
a) John (tall) Mary 
b) My car (new) your car. 
c) John’s book (complex) mine 
d) This chair (comfortable) yours. 
e) Japanese (difficult) English 
f) Alaska (cold) Rio 
g) My watch (fast) hers 
h) New York (large) Boston. 
 
7. OBJECTIVE CASE OF PERSONAL PRO-
NOUNS 
 
PERSONAL PRONOUNS 
(SUBJECTIVE CASE) 
PERSONAL PRO-
NOUNS (OBJECTI-
VE CASE) 
I ME 
YOU YOU 
HE HIM 
SHE HER 
IT IT 
WE US 
YOU YOU 
THEY THEM 
 
Usado sempre depois do verbo. 
 
 
Reescreva as frases usando pronomes em substituição 
ao que está em letras maiúsculas. 
 
a)I set near MY FRIENDS during the lesson. 
 
 
b)All the boys like FOOTBALL very much. 
 
 
c)I often see YOU AND JANE in the canteen. 
 
 
d)Paul invites TOM AND ME for dinner on Fridays. 
 
 
e)I teach GEORGE AND JOHN every day. 
 
 
f)I know THE INSTRUCTOR, CAPTAIN JONES, very 
well. 
 
 
g)I like MARGARETH very much. 
 
 
h) I see A CAT in the room. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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UNIDADE IX - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES 
EM ANDAMENTO 
1 . PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 
Para descrever ações que estão acontecendo 
agora, usamos o “Present Continuous Tense” 
ou ‘Present Progressive” 
Usamos o verbo TO BE mais o gerúndio do verbo prin-
cipal. (gerúndio = ING) 
 
Ex.: Afirmativa: Bob is studying now. 
 Negativa: Bob isn’t studying now. 
 Interrogativa: Is Bob studying now? 
 Interrogativa-Negativa: Ins’t Bob studying 
now? 
 
 
Quando Usar? 
 
a) Para expressar ações que estão ocorrendo no momen-
to em que se fala. A ação tem início antes do momento 
da fala, continua no momento em que se fala e, prova-
velmente, continuará depois do momento da fala. 
I need an umbrella because it is raining. 
 
b) Quando nos referimos a um fato que está acontecen-
do no período (semana, mês, ano) em que se fala, não 
necessariamente naquele exato momento. 
My sister is studying at Miami University. 
 
c) Para descrever uma situação que está se alterando no 
momento ou na época em que se fala. 
The sky is getting cloudy. 
 
d) Para descrever ações que se repetem ou que ocorrem 
com frequência. Nesse caso, temos o advérbio always, 
que se posiciona entre o verbo to be e o verbo principal. 
She is always complaining about the children. 
 
e) Para nos referirmos a ações futuras planejadas ou 
previstas. 
Hurry up! The bus is leaving in a few minutes! 
 
 
OBSERVAÇÃO: Existem verbos que, normalmente, 
não são usados no Present Continuous Tense em ingles, 
muito embora o sejam em português. São eles: 
verbos dos sentidos- hear (ouvir), taste (saborear), 
smell (cheirar), see (ver) … 
This fish smells bad. 
 
verbos que envolvem atividade mental – know 
(conhecer, saber), believe (acreditar, crer), think (pen-
sar, achar), understand (entender), recognize (reconhe-
cer), remember (lembrar), forget (esquecer), mean (sig-
nificar, querer dizer) 
I don’t recognize him. 
 
verbos que significam posse – have (ter), own 
(possuir), posses (possuir), belong (pertencer)…Nesse 
caso, o mesmo ocorre em português. 
That belongs to me. 
 
verbos que exprimem opinião, sentimento ou 
desejo - want (querer), prefer (preferir), need (preci-
sar), appreciate (apreciar), like (gostar), dislike (não 
gostar), love (amar), hate (odiar, detester), detest (detes-
ter), seem (parecer), look (parecer com)… 
She needs more money. 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Dê a forma negativa e a interrogativa das frases abaixo: 
 
a)Jane is writing now. 
 
b) I am drinking. 
 
c) Peter is going to school. 
 
d) We are writing a letter. 
 
e) I am driving Bob’s car. 
 
f) It is raining now. 
 
g) Jane and Elizabeth are playing in the yard. 
 
 
Questão 01 
Use o “Simple Present” ou o “Present Continuous Ten-
se”. 
 
a) John ______________ to school every day. (come) 
b) He __________________________ now. (come) 
c) The bell ____________________ at 3 pm. (ring) 
d) Listen! It ________________________now (ring) 
e) The policeman ________________ the traffic every 
minute. (stop) 
f) He _____________________ the traffic now (stop) 
g) We ______________________ to the movies on 
Sunday (go) 
h) We ______________ to the movies now (go) 
i) It __________________ in September (rain) 
j) Look! It ___________________ now (rain). 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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2. TO - PREPOSITION 
A preposição TO indica a direção. 
Ex.: I am going to New York. 
 
3. ANYTHING / ANY PLACE 
Usamos em frases negativas para expressar, respectiva-
mente, NADA e NENHUM LUGAR. 
 
Ex.: What are you doing? I’m not doing anything. 
 Where are you going? I’m not going any place. 
 
 
Questão 02 
Formule perguntas para as seguintes respostas: 
 
a)___________________________________________ 
I’m studying my lesson. 
b) _________________________________________ 
Tom is eating an apple. 
c)___________________________________ 
Mary is going to the lab. 
 
d) 
____________________________________________ 
We are not doing anything 
 
 
e) ________________________________________ 
They are not going any place this afternoon. 
 
 
Questão 03 
Use ANYTHING ou ANY PLACE. 
 
a) She is not going ____________________ 
b) The students are not reading 
_____________________ 
c) I don’t see my book _______________________ 
d) I don’t study _______________________ on Sun-
days. 
e) I don’t go ____________________________on 
Sundays. 
 
UNIDADE X - FALANDO SOBRE ONTEM 
SIMPLE PAST TENSE 
 
1. VERB TO BE – IN THE PAST 
TENSE 
Agora que já sabemos falar no presente, descrevendo 
hábitos do dia-a-dia e ações em desenvolvimento, va-
mos começar a falar no passado. 
Você vai aprender agora o seu primeiro verbo no passa-
do, que é o Verbo “TO BE”. 
 
AFIRMATIVA 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NEGATIVA 
 
I 
HE WAS + NOT 
SHE WASN’T 
IT 
 
WE WERE + NOT 
YOU WEREN'T 
THEY 
 
 
INTERROGATIVA 
 
 I ? 
 HE ? 
WAS SHE ? 
 IT ? 
 
WERE WE ? 
 YOU ? 
 THEY ? 
 
INTERROGATIVA – NEGATIVA 
 
 I ? 
 HE ? 
WASN’T SHE ? 
 IT ? 
 
WEREN’T WE ? 
 YOU ? 
 THEY ? 
 
EXEMPLOS:I was in the park yesterday. 
I wasn’t in the park yesterday. 
Was I in the park yesterday? 
 
Quando usamos o Passado Simples dos verbos, sempre 
temos que definir o tempo em que a ação ocorreu. 
Vejamos, então, algumas expressões de tempo que vão 
requerer o uso do Passado Simples: 
YESTERDAY 
YESTERDAY MORNING 
YESTERDAY AFTERNOON 
LAST NIGHT 
I WAS 
YOU WERE 
HE WAS 
SHE WAS 
IT WAS 
WE WERE 
YOU WERE 
THEY WERE 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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LAST WEEK 
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY 
THE YEAR BEFORE THE LAST 
TWO YEARS AGO 
 
Comparemos agora o presente e o passado. 
 
PRESENTE PASSADO 
 
Today is Monday Yesterday was Sunday. 
 The day before yerterday 
was Saturday. 
 
I am at school now. I was at home last night. 
 
 We are in Rio 
this week. 
We were in São Paulo last 
week. 
 
They are Majors 
now. 
They were Captains two 
years ago. 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Ponha as frases abaixo no passado e use a expressão de 
tempo sugerido: 
 
a) The weather is good today. (yesterday) 
 
 
b) I am at home now. (two hours ago) 
 
 
c) The students are on a picnic. (last Sunday) 
 
 
d) Captain Brown is the instructor. (last semester). 
 
 
e) There are five students in the class. (yesterday 
morning) 
 
 
 
Questão 02 
Preencha as lacunas com o passado do verbo TO BE. 
a) He ____________________ in Boston two 
years ago. 
b) There _________________________many 
problems in the last year. 
c) The new schedule ____________ not on the 
bulletin board yesterday. 
d) The lunch ____________ good yesterday. 
e) They _______________in the bar one hour 
ago. 
f) Jane _____________ in the office yesterday 
evening. 
g) Bob ________ sick last week. 
h) The day before yesterday 
_____________Monday. 
i) We ______________ at the party last night. 
j) Bob and Jane _____________ here at lunch 
time. 
 
UNIDADE XI - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES PAS-
SADAS 
 
1 . PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 
 
 
 
Vamos aprender a descrever ações que estavam aconte-
cendo em um determinado momento no passado. 
Esse tempo se forma como o Present Continuous Tense 
= ING 
 
Exemplo: 
 
I am reading now . (descreve o momento presente) 
I was reading at 10 o’ clock this morning (descreve o 
momento passado) 
 
I WAS 
YOU WERE 
HE WAS 
SHE WAS + ING 
IT WAS 
WE WERE 
YOU WERE 
THEY WERE 
 
Afirmativa: He was reading. 
Interrogativa: Was he reading? 
Negativa: He was not (wasn’t) reading. 
Interrogativa-Negativa: Wasn’t he reading? 
 
Vamos utilizar, então, o Past Continuous Tense para 
descrever uma ação em desenvolvimento num determi-
nado momento no passado. 
 
I was sleeping 5 minutes ago. 
I was studying at 6 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Use o Past Continuous Tense dos verbos entre parênte-
ses: 
a) I _____________________ (study) my lesson ten 
minutes ago. 
b) The plane ____________ (fly) here at nine o’clock 
this morning. 
c) John _____________ (drive) his car this morning. 
d) We __________________ (sleep) at 6 o’clock in 
the morning. 
e) _______________ you __________ (read) one 
hour ago? 
f) _____________Bob and Jane ____________(talk) 
at nine o’clock last night? 
 
Questão 02 
Ponha as seguintes frases na forma negativa. 
 
a) I was listening to the tape. 
b) We were practicing the pronunciation. 
c) The barber was cutting my hair. 
d) It was raining. 
 
 
Questão 03 
Ponha as frases do exercício 2) nas formas interrogativa 
e interrogativa-negativa: 
 
 
2. PASSADO SIMPLES DOS VERBOS REGU-
LARES E IRREGULARES. 
 
O Passado Simples dos verbos regulares é formado pela 
adição da terminação ED. 
 
WAIT – WAITED 
WORK – WORKED 
OPEN – OPENED 
ARRIVE – ARRIVED 
 
Contudo, em Inglês, há verbos irregulares. Eles têm 
formas especiais no Passado Simples. 
Vejamos alguns dos verbos mais comuns: 
 
 
No Passado Simples, usamos a mesma forma para todas 
as pessoas. Ao empregar o Passado Simples dos verbos 
de ação, temos sempre que definir quando a ação ocor-
reu. 
 
Exemplo: 
 
I worked at school yesterday. 
We saw a film last night. 
He drove to school this morning. 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Ponha as seguintes frases no Passado Simples e use uma 
expressão de tempo definido no passado. 
 
a) I want a tape. 
b) We read the lesson. 
c) It rains. 
d) She goes to school. 
e) The teacher listens to the programs. 
f) They speak English. 
g) He arrives at six o’clock. 
h) They drink some coffee. 
i) The Captain smokes a cigarette. 
j) The mechanic repairs the car. 
 
 
Questão 02 
Use o Passado Simples ou o Presente Simples dos ver-
bos entre parênteses. Observe o tempo indicado na fra-
se. 
 
a) The bus _____________ (arrive) at 12 a.m. every 
day. 
b) The students __________________(walk) home 
last night. 
c) I _______________________(see) a good film last 
weekend. 
d) The instructors ____________________(eat) lunch 
at the cafeteria every day. 
e) He __________ (get) up very early this morning. 
f) The rain ________ (leave) ten minutes ago. 
VERB PAST TENSE 
FORM 
GO WENT 
GET GOT 
HAVE HAD 
SEE SAW 
HEAR HEARD 
SPEAK SPOKE 
READ READ 
WRITE WROTE 
FLY FLEW 
EAT ATE 
DRIVE DROVE 
SLEEP SLEPT 
LEAVE LEFT 
COME CAME 
RING RANG 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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g) We _______________(write) our exercises at home 
every evening. 
h) They ___________ (wash) their cars last week. 
 
 
3. Nós vimos , então, que quando empregamos o Past 
Continuous Tense temos que definir o momento . Este 
momento pode ser descrito por uma ação no Simple 
Past. A ação que estava em desenvolvimento será ex-
pressa pelo Past Continuous Tense e a ação completada 
será expressa pelo Simple Past. Estas ações estão conec-
tadas pelas conjunções WHEN (quando) e WHILE 
(enquanto). 
 
AÇÃO EM DE-
SENVOLVIMEN-
TO 
CONJUN-
ÇÃO 
AÇÃO 
COMPLE-
TADA 
I WAS COMING 
HOME 
WHEN I SAW THE 
ACCIDENT 
JANE WAS STU-
DYING 
WHEN THE TELE-
PHONE 
RANG. 
IT WAS RAINING WHEN I LEFT HO-
ME. 
THE STUDENTS 
WERE SPEAKING 
WHEN THE TEA-
CHER AR-
RIVED. 
I LISTENED TO 
THE MUSIC 
WHILE I WAS 
WALKING. 
THE BOY HURT 
HIS FOOT 
WHILE HE WAS 
PLAYING 
SOCCER. 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Follow the model: 
 
a) I (study) telephone (ring) 
I was studying when the telephone rang. 
 
b) He (read) Mary (arrive) 
 
c) We (play the guitar) he (arrive) 
 
d)Bill (dance) Jennifer (leave) 
 
e)The plane (fly) it (star to rain) 
 
f)The sun (shine) I (get up) 
 
g)I (go to bed) the bell (ring) 
 
 
 
 
Questão 02 
Preencha as lacunas, usando a forma apropriada do 
verbo entre parênteses no Simple Past ou no Past Conti-
nuous Tense. 
 
a) The students ______________ (talk) in Portuguese 
when Captain Brown came in. 
b) They __________________(study) English last 
night. 
c) She __________________ (get up) when the bell 
rang. 
d) While I _____________________ (walk) down the 
street, I saw my friend. 
e) Bob _________________(watch) TV last night. 
f) He ________________(eat) his lunch, when he 
heard the bell. 
g) The boys ___________________(wash)their cars 
yesterday. 
h) They ___________(play) baskett when the coach 
arrived. 
 
i) The sun ________________ (shine) when I got up. 
j) It _______________________(rain) hard last night. 
 
 
Questão 03 
Reescreva as frases, usando o o Simple Past ou Past 
Continuous Tense dos verbos entre parênteses. 
 
a)We (eat) lunch when Jane (arrive) 
 
b)He (sleep) when his friend (call) him. 
 
c) It (rain) hard this morning when we (leave) home. 
 
d)She (drink) coffee when we (meet) her. 
 
e)While I (read) the newspaper, I (see) his picture. 
 
f)The plane (fly) when the weather (change) 
 
g)Mr Smith (watch) TV when Mrs Smith (arrive). 
 
h) The students (do) the exercises when the bell (ring). 
 
i)We (wait) for the bus when it (begin) to rain. 
 
j)Peter (get) up earlier while his wife (travel). 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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UNIDADE XII - DESCREVENDO AÇÕES 
PASSADAS 
 
1 . FORMA INTERROGATIVA 
 
Quando nós estudamos a forma interrogativa 
dos verbos no Presente, aprendemos a empregar o auxi-
liar DO / DOES. No Passado, vamos usar DID, que é a 
forma pretérita de DO. A colocação de DID vai ser 
exatamente como a de DO / DOES. 
 
Exemplo: DO you drink milk? DID you drink milk? 
 DOES he drink milk? DID he drink milk? 
 
ATENÇÃO! Quando usamos o DID, já temos a indica-
ção de que nossa frase está no passado, logo o verbo 
principal mantém sua forma básica. 
 
Afirmativa: I worked yesterday. 
Interrogativa: DID I work yesterday? 
 
2. FORMA NEGATIVA 
A negativa do presente é DON’T ou DOESN’T, a do 
Passado será somente DIDN’T. (DID NOT) 
 
I didn’t work yesterday. 
 
3. FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA 
Esta forma será expressa pelo DIDN’T antes do sujeito. 
 
Didn’t I work yesterday? 
 
4. RESPOSTAS CURTAS. 
Yes, I did 
No, I didn’t. 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Ponha as seguintes frases nas formas negativa e interro-
gativa. 
 
a)She bought a car last week. 
 
b)He drank a glass of milk for breakfast. 
 
c)We attended the football game last Sunday. 
 
d)He took the bus early in the morning. 
 
 
e)She left home an hour ago. 
 
f)They enjoyed the visit to the museum. 
 
g)They came home at 10 last night. 
 
h)They had a big lunch today. 
 
i)It rained hard last Sunday. 
 
j)The class began earlier. 
 
Questão 01 
Responda as seguintes perguntas, usando respostas 
curtas afirmativas e negativas: 
 
a) Did you open the book this morning? 
b) Did Bob call me yesterday? 
c) Did the cat drink milk at lunch time? 
d) Did Jane come to school last Monday? 
e) Did the officers catch the plane two hours ago? 
f) Did You and Bob go there yesterday? 
 
UNIDADE XIII - COMPARANDO 
SUPERLATIVE 
. Forma-se o grau comparativo superlativo de 
todos os substantivos de 1 sílaba pela adi-
ção de EST depois do adjetivo e colocando a palavra 
THE antes do adjetivo. 
 
EX. : OLD – THE OLDEST 
 TALL – THE TALLEST 
 
Which is the smallest car made in Brazil? 
 
. Nos casos dos adjetivos de 1 sílaba, contendo uma 
vogal seguida de uma consoante, dobra-se a última 
consoante. 
 BIG – THE BIGGEST 
 HOT – THE HOTTEST 
 
. Para adjetivos de 2 sílabas não terminados em Y, 
coloca-se a palavra THE MOST antes do adjetivo 
 THE MOST RECENT 
 THE MOST CORRECT 
 THE MOST AFRAID 
 THE MOST COMPLEX 
 THE MOST FAMOUS 
 THE MOST MODERN 
 THE MOST BORING 
 THE MOST CHARMING 
 
. Para adjetivos de 2 sílabas terminados em Y, troca-se 
o Y por i e acrescenta-se EST 
PRETTY – THE PRETTIEST 
EASY – THE EASIEST 
BUSY – THE BUSIEST 
 
. OBSERVAÇÃO: Existem adjetivos de duas sílabas 
não terminados em Y que admitem as duas formas (EST 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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e THE MOST), embora a forma EST deve ser preferida 
nos adjetivos assinalados com asterisco. 
 
ADJETI-
VO 
COMPARATI-
VO 
SIMPLE (*) THE SIMPLEST / 
THE MOST SIM-
PLE 
GENTLE (*) THE GENTLEST 
/ THE MOST 
GENTLE 
ABLE (*) THE ABLEST / 
THE MOST 
ABLE 
POLITE (*) THE POLITEST / 
THE MOST PO-
LITE 
CLEVER (*) THE CLEVER-
EST / THE MOST 
CLEVER 
QUIET THE QUIETEST / 
THE MOST 
QUIET 
NARROW 
(*) 
THE NARROW-
EST / THE MOST 
NARROW 
COMMON THE COMMON-
EST / THE MOST 
COMMON 
 
Para adjetivos de 3 ou mais sílabas, colocamos THE 
MOST antes do adjetivo 
Ex.: DIFFICULT – THE MOST DIFFICULT 
 COMFORTABLE – THE MOST COMFORTA-
BLE 
 EXPENSIVE – THE MOST EXPENSIVE 
 
 
SUPERLATIVOS IRREGULARES 
 
ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO 
GOOD THE BEST 
BAD THE WORST 
LITTLE THE LEAST 
MUCH THE MOST 
MANY THE MOST 
WELL THE BEST 
FAR THE FARTHEST 
 
1. COMPARATIVE OF EQUALITY: AS + AD-
JECTIVE + AS 
 
The black car is as small as the white one. 
 
O adjetivo “small” está no grau comparativo de igual-
dade. O grau comparativo de igualdade é formado por: 
AS + ADJETIVO + AS 
 
- Ao compararmos características de pessoas, utilizamos 
nomes ou pronomes. 
Quando utilizamos nomes, podemos repetir ou não o 
verbo to be na segunda parte da comparação. 
 
Mary is as old as John. 
Mary is as old as John is. 
 
Quando utilizamos pronome na segunda parte a compa-
ração, podemos fazê-lo com um pronome reto (subject 
pronoun) ou um pronome oblíquo (object pronoun). 
Com o pronome reto, pode-se repetir ou não o verbo to 
be. Com o pronome oblíquo (gramaticalmente incorreto, 
porém bastante usado na linguagem informal), não se 
repete o verbo to be. 
 
Mary is as old as he. (pronome reto) 
Mary is as old as he is. (pronome reto) 
Mary is as old as him (pronome obliqueo, gramatical-
mente incorreto) 
 
 
- A estrutura as…as também pode ser empregada para 
dizer o quanto uma coisa é mais que outra. Para isso, 
utilizam-se expressões como twice (duas vezes), three 
times (três vezes), four times (quatro vezes), etc. Ao 
compararmos, por exemplo, um prédio de dez metros de 
altura com outro de vinte metros, podemos dizer: 
 
The building is twice as tall as that one. 
 
- The same + substantive + as (o mesmo … que, a 
mesma…que) pode equivaler, em sentido, à estrutura as 
...as. 
Henry is as old as Andrew. 
Henry is the same age as Andrew. 
 
2. COMPARATIVE OF INEQUALITY 
 
A Volkswagen is not so expensive as a Mustang. 
A Volkswagen is not as expensive as a Mustang. 
 
NOT AS + ADJETIVO + AS 
NOT SO + ADJETIVO + AS 
 
 
John is not so tall as his cousin. 
Mary was not as happy as Jane. 
 
3. COMPARATIVE OF INFERIORITY: LESS 
+ ADJECTIVE + THAN 
 
SUPERLATIVE OF INFERIORITY: THE 
LEAST + ADJECTIVE 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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A silver ring is less expensive than a gold ring. 
 
This lesson is less difficult than the previous one. 
 
Of the three rings, this one was the least expensive. 
 
This exercise was the least difficult of all. 
 
 
4. IRREGULAR GENDER 
 
a) O sufixo ESS no final dos substantivos geralmente 
indica a forma feminina. 
 
ACTOR – ACTRESS 
HOST – HOSTESS 
LION – LIONESS 
PRINCE – PRINCESS 
TIGER – TIGRESS 
WAITER – WAITRESS 
 
b) Algumas vezes, com palavras compostos, apenas um 
elemento irá denotar o sexo: 
BOYFRIEND – GIRLFRIEND 
ENGLISHMAN – ENGLISHWOMAN 
PEACOCK – PEAHEN 
 
c) Nos casos abaixo, palavras diferentes sãousadas: 
BACHELOR – OLD MAID (SPINSTER) 
MALE – FEMALE 
GROOM (BRIDEGROOM) – BRIDE 
BROTHER – SISTER 
BULL – COW 
FATHER – MOTHER 
HUSBAND – WIFE 
MAN – WOMAN 
NEPHEW – NIECE 
ROOSTER – HEN 
SON – DAUGHTER 
UNCLE – AUNT 
 
d) Palavras estrangeiras 
FIANCÉ – FIANCÉE 
BLON – BLONDE 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Escreva no comparativo, seguindo o modelo: 
 
The avenue / long / the street 
The avenue is longer than the street. 
 
1. Your dictionary / good / mine 
2. Jane / attractive / her sister. 
3. São Paulo / polluted / Curitiba 
4. The brown suitcase / heavy / the black one 
5. Some motorcycles / expensive / certain cars 
6. Algebra / complicated / arithmetic. 
7. Everybody knows that a hurricane / bad / a rainstorm 
8. Don’t you think Renato / thin / me? 
9. My street / noisy / the one where you live 
10. English / simple / German 
 
Questão 02 
 
Escolha a única alternativa correta para preencher os 
espaços em branco: 
 
I – The United States’ coastline is not ____________as 
that of Brazil. 
II – The Everest is ________________mountain in the 
world. 
III – Large apes are ______________than dogs. 
IV – Which disease is _____________, cancer or aids? 
V – No snake is ________________as the anaconda. 
 
1. as beautiful – the higher – as intelligent – the worst – 
more strong 
2. more beautiful – the most high – as intelligent – the 
badder – stronger 
3. so beautiful – higher – more intelligent – the baddest 
– strongest 
4. so beautiful – the highest – more intelligent – worse 
– as strong 
5. as beautiful – hghest – more intelligent – the worst – 
strongest 
 
 
Questão 04 
Preencha os espaços em branco com o comparativo dos 
adjetivos seguintes: 
 
HARD – EASY – GOOD – BAD – INTERESTING – 
FAR – NICE – FAST – NERVOUS – CROWDED 
 
1. My handwriting is not so good; yours is 
_____________. 
2. Shopping centers are always _________around 
Christmas time. 
3. Before the test, Fred was ____________than Jim. 
4. A rabbit runs much _______________than a wolf. 
5. If Paul worked ____________________he’d make 
more money. 
6. I find action movies ____________than dramas or 
comedies. 
7. Where did you buy your sweater? It’s much 
________________than mine. 
8. Most people think Windows is ___________to use 
than other types of software. 
9. You’re standing too close to the camera; can you 
move a little _____away? 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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10. We lost simply because our team played 
_______________than the other team. 
 
Questão 05 
Escreva no superlativo, seguindo o modelo: 
 
That building / tall / in the city 
That building is the tallest in the city. 
 
1. Mrs Baker bought / beautiful / flowers in the flower-
shop. 
2. It was / hot / day in the whole summer. 
3. That was / interesting / book I’ve ever read. 
4. They say this is / good / restaurant in town 
5. That was / difficult / problem we had to solve 
6. This is / comfortable / chair in the whole house 
7. My / bad / grades are always in math 
8. Bobby is / lazy / boy in his class. 
9. In Brazil / short / days of the year are in June. 
10. Who, in your opinion, is / popular / singer in the 
USA? 
 
 
UNIDADE XIV – FALANDO SOBRE O FU-
TURO 
 
FUTURE TENSE 
Na forma afirmativa, o auxiliar WILL é colocado à 
frente do verbo, que será usado em sua forma básica 
(simples). 
A mesma forma WILL se aplica a todas as pessoas. 
 
FORMA AFIRMATIVA 
 
SUJEITO AUXILIAR VERBO 
I COME 
YOU TAKE 
HE GO 
SHE WILL HEAR 
IT COME 
WE TAKE 
YOU GO 
THEY HEAR 
 
 
FORMA INTERROGATIVA 
 
AUXILIAR SUJEITO VERBO 
 I COME? 
 YOU TAKE? 
 HE GO? 
WILL SHE HEAR? 
 IT COME ? 
 WE TAKE? 
 YOU GO? 
 THEY HEAR? 
 
FORMA NEGATIVA 
 
SUJEITO AUXILIAR 
NEGATIVO 
VERBO 
I COME 
YOU TAKE 
HE GO 
SHE WILL NOT HEAR 
IT COME 
WE WON’T TAKE 
YOU GO 
THEY HEAR 
 
FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA 
 
AUXILIAR 
NEGATIVO 
SUJEITO VERBO 
 I COME ? 
 YOU TAKE ? 
 HE GO ? 
WON’T SHE HEAR ? 
 IT COME ? 
 WE TAKE ? 
 YOU GO ? 
 THEY HEAR ? 
 
Resumindo: 
Para afirmar: I Will take. 
Para negar: I will not take. 
Para perguntar: Will I take? 
Para confirmar: Won’t I take? 
 
FORMAS CONTRATAS 
 
‘ ll + VERBO WON’T + VERBO 
I’LL I WON’T 
YOU’LL YOU WON’T 
HE’LL HE WON’T 
SHE’LL SHE WON’T 
IT’LL 
TAKE 
IT WON’T 
WE’LL WE WON’T 
YOU’LL YOU WON’T 
THEY’LL THEY WON’T 
 
RESPOSTAS CURTAS 
Como em todos os casos que vimos até agora, na resposta 
curta no futuro, também usamos somente o auxiliar. 
 
Will you come tomorrow? Yes, I will 
 No, I won’t 
 
Will Bob take the bus ? Yes, he will. 
 No, he won’t. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Agora que já sabemos todas as formas, vejamos o uso do 
futuro simples. 
Como o próprio nome indica, usamos o SIMPLE FUTU-
RE TENSE para descrever uma ação que se desenvolverá 
no futuro. Para isso, estudaremos agora expressões de 
tempo que indicam futuro. 
 
TOMORROW 
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW 
NEXT WEEK 
TONIGHT 
SOON 
LATER ON 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Form the future tense of the verbs in parentheses. 
 
a) She ____________________ (invite) us for dinner 
tonight. 
b) He _______________________(come) to school 
tomorrow. 
c) They _______________________ (speak) English in 
a short time. 
d) I ______________(go) home after class. 
e) You ________________(have) a test next Monday. 
f) We _____________________(leave) for Paris soon. 
 
 
Questão 02 
Make negative and interrogative sentences. 
 
a) He will meet me tonight. 
b) Jane will take a taxi home. 
c) They will return to New York next weekend. 
d) I will need you in ten minutes. 
e) They will listen to the tapes in the lab. 
f) Tom will eat lunch in the cafeteria today. 
g) It will rain tomorrow. 
h) Bob will watch tv tonight. 
 
 
Além da forma básica de expressar o futuro com o auxi-
liar WILL, temos também outras maneiras de comunicar 
uma idéia futura através da expressão de um desejo, um 
plano, uma expectativa, uma esperança ou uma possibi-
lidade. 
Vejamos alguns exemplos: 
 
Desejo: I want to travel to Miami next month. 
Plano: I plan to eat lunch downtown today. 
Expectativa: I expect to have my car next week. 
Esperança: I hope to win the lottery. 
 
Quanto à expressão de uma possibilidade futura, nós 
empregamos o modal MAY. 
Ex.: I may see a film tonight. 
Eu estou, neste caso, prevendo alguma coisa que poderá 
acontecer. 
 
 
Se a possibilidade for ainda mais fraca, usaremos o 
modal MIGHT. 
Ex.: I might see a film tonight. 
 
Comparemos as formas de maneira percentual: 
I will go (estou 100% certo) 
I may go (estou 50% certo) 
I might go (estou 10% certo) 
 
Agora, vamos às estruturas: 
Os verbos WANT, PLAN, EXPECT e HOPE são ver-
bos principais. Logo, para fazermos as formas negativa 
e interrogativa, temos que usar o auxiliar “DO”. 
 
 AFIRMATIVA 
 WANT 
I PLAN TO STUDY. 
 EXPECT 
 HOPE 
 NEGATIVA 
 WANT 
I DON’T PLAN TO STUDY. 
 EXPECT 
 HOPE 
 
 
 INTERROGATIVA 
 WANT 
 DO I PLAN TO STUDY ? 
 EXPECT 
 HOPE 
 
Já os modais MAY e MIGHT seguem as regras dos 
auxiliares. 
 
 AFIRMATIVA 
 MAY 
I MIGHT STUDY 
 
 
 
 NEGATIVAMAY NOT 
I MIGHT NOT STUDY 
 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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 INTERROGATIVA 
MAY 
MIGHT I STUDY ? 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Follow the model; 
 
a) Do you hope to listen to the tape soon? 
Yes, I hope to listen to the tape soon. 
 
b) Does Bob expect to be a good student? 
c) May he go to school tomorrow? 
d) Might she be here tonight? 
e) Do you plan to read a new book next week? 
f) Does Margareth want to see that film tonight? 
g) May they write the letters tomorrow afertnoon? 
h) Might Bob read Elizabeth’s letter tonight? 
i) Do you plan to meet Bill today? 
j) Does Mary expect to visit him? 
k) Do they want to have lunch there? 
 
Questão 02 
Give the negative and the interrogative form of the 
following sentences: 
 
a) You plan to buy a new car tomorrow. 
b) Tom may take a test next week. 
c) They hope to see the game on Sunday. 
d) We expect to pass the examination. 
e) Bob wants to drink some beer. 
 
INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO 
 
 Next month, Bob will be on vacation. He will take a 
trip to Europe. He will fly to Europe. The trip will take 
8 hours. He expects to stay there for a month, because 
he wants to see all the sights. Bob may not have time to 
see all of them. 
 He will return next month. His class will begin on 
Sep. 1
st
 . He hopes to have a good time. 
 
Answer the questions about the text. 
 
a) When will Bob take his vacation? 
b) Where will Bob take a trip to? 
c) How will he go? 
d) How long will the trip take? 
e) Why will he stay there for a month? 
f) What may Bob not have time to do? 
g) What does he hope to have? 
 
 
UNIDADE XV – FALANDO SOBRE O FUTU-
RO 
GOING TO - FUTURE 
 
Observe the dialogue: 
 
“What are you going to do tonight? 
I’m going to work . I’m going to prepare tomorrow’s 
briefing. And you? 
I don’t know.” 
 
Nós usamos a expressão “TO BE GOING TO” como 
um substituto para o futuro. Ela também é chamada 
“FUTURO INTENCIONAL”. É muito coloquial. 
Vejamos como formá-la: 
 
SUJEI-
TO 
TO BE 
(PRESEN-
TE) 
GOIN
G TO 
PRINCI-
PAL VERB 
I AM GOING 
TO 
SEE 
YOU ARE GOING 
TO 
TAKE 
HE IS GOING 
TO 
SWIN 
SHE IS GOING 
TO 
PLAY 
IT IS GOING 
TO 
EAT 
WE ARE GOING 
TO 
SEE 
YOU ARE GOING 
TO 
SWIN 
THEY ARE GOING 
TO 
EAT 
 
As formas interrogativa e negativa seguem as regras do 
verbo TO BE 
 
As mesmas expressões de tempo usadas com o Futuro 
Simples serão usadas com “TO BE GOING TO”. 
 
Vejamos mais exemplos: 
I’m going to watch TV tonight. 
What are you going to do next weekend? 
They are going to walk home after lunch. 
Is the doctor going to see you this afternoon? 
 
A expressão “TO BE GOING TO”, usada como um 
substantivo do futuro, corresponde ao nosso “IR + IN-
FINITIVO”. 
 
Eu vou ver tv hoje à noite. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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309 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Complete the sentences using “to be going to”. Use the 
verbs in parentheses: 
 
1. They _________________________________us 
next weekend (call) 
2. Tom ____________________________Jane for 
dinner (invite) 
3. The weather ________________before 6 o’clock 
(change) 
4. The porter ____________________your luggage. 
(carry) 
5. The sudents 
_______________________________to the tape after 
class (listen) 
6. Mr and Mrs Jones ___________________ plane 
reservations. (make) 
7. _________________you ___________your bag-
gage? (check) 
8. The students ___________________________a 
break (take) 
9. What 
___________________we____________________toni
ght?(do) 
10. The train _____________________late (be) 
 
2. SUBSTANTIVOS CONTÁVEIS E INCON-
TÁVEIS 
Em Inglês, os substantivos, no que concerne ao número, 
são divididos em duas classes. Aqueles que expressam 
coisas que nós podemos contar e são chamados “Count 
nouns” e aqueles que expressam uma quantidade de 
matéria que não podemos contar e são chamados “Mass 
Nouns” 
Os “count nouns” têm plural, mas os “mass nouns” só 
existem no singular. 
 
COUNT NOUNS MASS 
NOUNS 
DOLLARS MONEY 
BOOKS PAPER 
HOURS TIME 
GLASSES MILK 
CUPS 
 
Para indicar pequena quantidade usamos: 
 
COUNT NOUNS MASS 
NOUNS 
FEW LITTLE 
A FEW A LITTLE 
 
Ex. Few things 
Few lozenges 
A few boxes 
A few cotton balls 
 
Little lotion 
Little astringent 
A little ether 
A little cotton 
 
 
Para indicar quantidade média, usamos SOME (ANY) 
com Count Nouns e Mass Nouns. 
 
Ex.: some toothpaste 
Some aspirin 
 
 
Para indicar grandes quantidades usamos: 
 
COUNT NOUNS MASS NOUNS 
MANY MUCH 
 
Exemplo: 
Many bottles 
Much lotion 
 
ATENÇÃO! MANY e MUCH são raramente usados 
em afirmações. Deste modo, usamos A LOT OF para 
indicar grande quantidade de “Count” e “mass 
nouns” na forma afirmativa. Em contrapartida, A 
LOT OF não deve ser usado em frases negativas. 
 
I have a lot of cologne. 
I don’t have many cotton balls. 
 
 
RESUMINDO, usamos com: 
 
COUNT 
NOUNS (plu-
ral) 
MASS NOUNS COUNT / 
MASS 
NOUNS 
FEW LITTLE SOME / ANY 
A FEW A LITTLE A LOT OF 
MANY MUCH 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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310 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Use MUCH or MANY. 
 
1. There weren’t ________________people at the 
suppermarket. 
2. There wasn’t _________________coffee in the cup. 
3. We didn’t duy ________________apples last week. 
4. Peter hasn’t lost _______________money in that 
investment. 
5. I don’t have _______________time to study. 
6. There isn’t ____________food in the freezer. 
7. I don’t drink _____________cups of coffee a day. 
8. Our instructor doesn’t give us ________________ 
homework every day. 
9. There aren’t ___________________cashiers at that 
bank. 
10. Do you have _____________problems at school? 
 
 
Questão 02 
Use LITTLE or FEW 
 
1. I have _________money. 
2. We bought __________ paper this morning. 
3. Tom drank _____________glasses of water at lunch. 
4. The soldiers marched for _____________hours last 
night 
5. Supermarkets have _________________ attendants. 
6. I want to see ____places. 
7. They have _______________experience 
8. Do you need _______time to learn English? 
9. John had ________juice this morning. 
10. We have _________plans for vacation. 
 
 
Questão 03 
Make the sentences negative. Make the necessary 
changes. 
 
1. We’ll visit a lot of places this summer. 
2. He likes to eat a lot of fruit for breakfast. 
3. John showed his girlfriend a lot of restaurants. 
4. Teachers have to prepare a lot of exercises. 
5. Our students learn a lot of grammar. 
6. I have a lot of things to do today. 
 
Atente para a diferença entre few e a few. Observe que 
a few equivale a some (algum). Tanto um quanto outro 
acompanham substantivos no plural. 
 
I have few friends in Rio. (poucos) 
I have a few friends in Rio. (alguns) 
 
 
. Atente, agora, para a diferença entre little e a little, 
que são usados no singular. Aqui, a little, além de equi-
valer a some, também significa um pouco de. 
 
We have little time to act. (pouco) 
A little patience doesn’t hurt anybody. (um pouco de) 
 
3. SOME, ANY, NO 
 
SOME e seus compostos são usados em frases afirma-
tivas. 
ANY e seus compostos são usados em frases negativas 
e interrogativas. Em frases afirmativas usamosANY 
com sentido de qualquer. 
NO e seus compostos são usados em frases afirmati-
vas. 
 
I need some eggs to make a cake. 
 
Do you have any eggs? Yes, I have some. 
 No, I don’t have any. 
 No, I have no eggs 
 
Lembre-se de que o inglês não admite dupla negative 
na oração, coisa muito comum e, às vezes, obrigatória 
em nosso idioma. 
Enquanto dizemos: Não há nada na geladeira 
Em ingles se diz: There is nothing in the fridge 
Ou ainda: There isn’t anything in the fridge. 
 
 
UNIDADE XVI – INTERPRETAÇÃO DE 
TEXTO 
SHALL 
Empregamos SHALL em perguntas e somen-
te com as primeiras pessoas do singular e 
plural. 
 
Ex.: SHALL I ........? 
 SHALL WE ..........? 
 
Usamos esta forma quando estamos pedindo uma opini-
ão ou confirmação sobre algo que vamos fazer. É uma 
forma polida, considerada como estratégia de polidez. 
 
Ex.: Shall I close the window? 
 Shall we go to the movies tonight? 
 What shall I do now? 
 
INTREPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTO 
 
SPORTS IN MILITARY LIFE 
 
Students in the American schools have many physical 
fitness activities. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Cadets at the US Military Academy, for example, main-
tain very good physical condition. The Academic’s 
physical training program consists of physical educa-
tion classes, organized athletics and personal condition-
ing. 
The physical education (PE) department teaches boxing, 
wrestling, swimming and gymnastics to first-year ca-
dets. For upperclassmen, there is a variety of other 
sports. These including skiing, golf, tennis, scuba div-
ing, unarmed combat, squash and others. 
Cadets also participate in some form of organized ath-
letic activities. 
Some participate in intercollegiate sports, where they 
represent the Academy in competitions against other 
universities. Each cadet plays on one of the 9 company 
teams. During the winter season, cadets compete in 
indoor sports such as volleyball, basketball, racketball 
and handball, during the spring and fall seasons, they 
compete in outdoors sports, such as cross crountry, 
football or soccer.Personal conditioning is also very 
important. Cadets exercise to prepare for quaterly phys-
ical fitness tests (PFT). They run and pratice doing the 
required exercises. To pass the PFT, a cadet has to do 
60 sit-ups, 60 push-ups, and run 2 miles. Weight lifting 
is also important to help develop good muscle tone. 
 
Vocabulário: 
(to) exercise / (to) take exercise – fazer ginástica 
(to) go jogging – fazer uma corrida lenta 
(to) run – correr 
gym – ginásio 
(to) be fit – estar em boa condição física 
(to) Keep fit – manter a forma física 
(to) fish – pescar 
(to) be up – estar de pé (acordado) 
retired – aposentado / na reserva 
(to) leave for – partir para 
(to) try out – treinar para teste (esportivo) 
tryout – teste (esportivo) 
(to) miss – perder 
(to) come over – vir 
physical fitness – aptidão física 
training program – programa de treinamento físico 
athletics – atletismo 
conditioning – condicionamento 
boxing – boxe 
wrestling – luta livre 
upperclassmen – cadetes veteranos 
swimming – natação 
gymnastics – ginástica 
skiing – esqui 
scuba diving – mergulho autônomo 
unarmed combat – combate corpo a corpo 
competion – competição 
team – equipe 
indoor sports – esporte em recinto fechado 
outdoor sports – esporte ao ar livre 
cross-country – corrida rústica 
soccer – futebol 
football – futebol americano 
sit-up – abdominal 
push-up – flexão de braço 
pull-up – barra 
weight lifting – halterofilismo 
(to) develop – desenvolver 
muscle tone – mônus muscular 
quaterly – trimestral 
(to) maintain – manter 
(to) participate – participar 
(to) compete – competir 
 
Answer the questions: 
 
a) What do cadets maintain? 
b) What does the physical training program consist of? 
c) What does the PE department teach firs-year cadets? 
d) What about upperclassmen? 
e) What do cadets participate in? 
f) Where does each cadet play? 
g) What kind of sports do cadets compete in? 
h) Why is personal conditioning important? 
i) How do cadets prepare for the PFT? 
 
UNIDADE XVII – NOTAS IMPORTANTES 
THE DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE 
ARTICLES 
 
a)The definite article (THE) 
 
The definite article is used only when the thing or per-
son mentioned is clearly defined. 
Ex.: The books which are on the table are Peter’s. 
 
 
Cases in which the definite article is NOT used: 
 
I – The definite article is not used when we speak of 
something in a general use. 
Ex.: Books are necessary for a good education. 
 
II – The definite article is not used before proper nouns. 
Ex.: Susan and Jane are close friends. 
 Fifth Avenue is a wide avenue in New York. 
 
But there are some compounds which are exceptions: 
The United States 
The Soviet Union 
The Dominican Republic 
 
III – The definite article is not used before possessives. 
Ex.: His composition is very good. 
 
Cases in which the definite article has to be used: 
 
I – Before names of rivers, seas, oceans, mountain rang-
es, forests, newspapers, bridges, tunnels. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Ex.: 
The Hudson River 
The Atlantic Ocean 
The Alps 
The Times 
The Amazon 
The Golden gate Bridge 
The Sears Building 
The Holland Tunnel 
 
b) The indefinite article (A / AN) 
 
I – Form 
The indefinite article takes two forms, A and AN. 
 
A is used before a word beggining with a consonant: 
A boy 
A girl 
 
 
Or before a word beggining with a vowel sounded like a 
consonant: 
A university 
A European car 
 
AN is used before words beggining with a vowel sound, 
including words which begin with a silent h: 
An apple 
An hour 
An egg 
 
Note that it is the pronunciation, not the spelling, of a 
word beggining with a vowel that determines whether a 
or an is used before it: 
 
A useful suggestion (the u of “useful” is pronounced 
the same as the word “you”) 
An enormous elephant ( the e of “enormous” is pro-
nounced like the ea in “eat”) 
 
II – Usage 
 
1. The indefinite article is not used with uncountable 
nouns. In the case of countable nouns the indefinite 
article is used only if the noun in singular. 
Ex. I have a pen 
 
 
2. The indefinite article is used when the thing or person 
mentioned is not clearly defined. 
Ex.: There is a book on the table (no particular book) 
Sam took a girl to the movies yesterday (we don’t know 
which girl) 
 
3.With a noun complement, including the names of 
professions: 
 Ex.: He is a student 
 She is a nice girl 
 Tom Roberts is a lawyer. 
 
 
4.In certain numerical expressions: 
a couple 
a great many 
a hundred 
a thousand 
 
5. In certain exclamations before singular, uncountable 
nouns: 
What a pity! 
What a shame! 
 
 
c) The difference between A / AN and ONE 
When we do not want to emphasize the quantity, we use 
A / AN. 
Ex.: What’s on the table? There’s a book. 
 
ONE is use only when it is desired to emphasize the 
number. 
Ex.: How many teachers are in the classroom? There’s 
only one teacher there. 
 
 
1. PREPOSITIONS 
 
a. Prepositions that follow adjectives and verbs 
 
I – Following adjectives: 
- able to (+ verb) 
- absent from something 
- angry with someone 
- angry about or at something 
- addicted to 
- aware of 
- capableof (+ verb in the gerund) 
- certain of 
- delight with 
- fond of 
- glad about something 
- glad to (+ verb) 
- good at something (*) 
- impossible for someone 
- involved in sth 
- involved with a person 
- kwon for 
- polite to 
- present at something 
- rude to 
- ruthless with 
- satisfied with 
- sensible about 
- sure of something 
- tired of (refers to a feeling over a period of time) 
- tired out (refers to a physical fatigue) 
- upset by- weak in something 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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(*) When talking about subjects one is studying at 
school, it is also common to say “He’s good in math” 
(note the analogy with “He’s weak in math”). To say 
“he’s good at math” means he has a natural aptitude for 
math and, therefore, “He’s good in math (class)”. 
 
- accustomed to something or someone ( + verb in the 
gerund) 
- anxious about sth or someone 
- careful of sth or someone (usually as a warning) 
- careful with sth or someone (usually when holding in 
the hands) 
- eager for someone to do sth (+ verb in the infinitive) 
- eager for sth 
- eager to (+ verb in the infinitive) 
- engaged to someone 
- lucky at sth 
- lucky to (+ verb in the infinitive) 
- married to someone 
- sorry about sth 
- sorry for someone 
- surprised at sth or someone 
- worried about sth or someone 
 
II – Following verbs 
- agree with or to sth 
- agree with someone 
- agree with + clause (I don’t agree with what you’re 
saying) 
- assign to 
- become of 
- brag about 
- congratulate on sth 
- compliment on sth 
- deal with 
- dream of being or becoming sth 
- dream of or dream about sth when sleeping 
- explain to someone 
- jump over sth or someone 
- laugh at sth or someone 
- move to somewhere 
- smile at sth or someone 
- throw sth to someone (with no intention of hitting 
the person) 
- throw sth at someone or sth (with the intention of 
hitting the person or thing) 
- apologize to someone for sth 
- depend on or upon someone or sth 
- fail in sth (**) 
- forgive someone for sth 
- point sth at someone 
- point to or at sth (with the fingers) 
- shout about sth 
- shout at someone (when quarreling) 
- shout for sth (when asking for sth) 
- shout to someone (to attract attention) 
- stare at someone or sth 
- take a test in sth 
- receive from 
- reward for 
- tell about 
- thank for 
 
(**) Note: It is also common to use “to fail” without a 
preposition 
Ex.: He failed physics. 
 
Attention! The world “exam” cannot be preceded by 
“in” 
Ex.: She failed her physics exam. 
 
 
3.THE POSITION OF ADVERBS 
 
There are six kinds os adverbs. 
 
 
I – Adverbs of degree: 
Almost 
Fairly (very) 
Hardly 
Just 
Nearly (almost) 
Quite 
Rather 
Really (rarely) 
Scarcely 
Too 
Very 
 
An adverb of degree modifies an adjective, another 
adverb or a verb – when modifying an adjective or an-
other adverb: 
- it is placed before the adjective or adverb 
ex.: It’s too cold in New York in winter. 
 
When modifying a verb 
- it is placed before the main verb and after 
the anomalous verb. 
Ex.: The bus is nearly ran over the dog. 
 
 
II – Adberbs of frequency: 
Always 
Ever 
Never 
Occasionally 
Rarely 
Sometimes 
Once 
Twice 
Hardly ever 
 
The adverbs of frequency are placed before the main 
verb and after the anomalous verb. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Ex.: I always get to work on time. 
 
III – Adverbs of manner: 
Badly 
Bravely 
Fast 
Happily 
Hard 
Kindly – tenderly 
Quickly 
Well 
The adverbs of manner are placed after the direct object 
if there is one -, and if not after the intransitive verb 
Adverbs of manner with LY endings (with a few excep-
tions such as nicely, badly, poorly, beautifully) may also 
be placed before the verb, especially when there are 
other modifiers of the verb or object. 
Ex.: The soldiers defended the town bravely. 
Adverbs of manner are never placed after a transitive 
verb. 
 
IV – Adverbs of place: 
By 
Down 
Everywhere 
Here 
Near 
There 
Up 
 
Like adverbs of manner, adverbs of place are usually 
placed after the direct object if there is one; if not after 
the intransitive verb. 
Ex.: Mom looked for those old blankets everywhere in 
the house. 
 
V – Adverbs of time: 
Now 
Soon 
Still 
Then 
Today (tomorrow; tonight) 
When 
Yesterday 
Yet 
 
These adverbs are normally placed at the very beginning 
or at the very end of a clause or sentence, the end posi-
tion being the more common. 
Ex.: Soon all of the birds will have flown away. 
 
 
VI - Interrogative adverbs: 
How 
When 
Where 
Why 
What 
Which 
 
Ex.: How did you come here? 
 
 
VII – Below is the regular order of adverbs or ad-
verbials when they occur in a sentence: 
 
PLACE + MANNER + FREQUENCY + TIME 
Ex.: I’m going to New York by plane next month. 
 
Note: For these adverbs of manner which must always 
be placed immediately after the verb, the normal order 
is the following: 
MANNER + PLACE + TIME 
Ex.: Susan danced nicely at the theater last night. 
 
When there is more than one adverb or adverbials modi-
fying the verb or object, a single-worl adverb indicating 
manner, frequency, or time is frequently placed before 
the verb. 
Ex.: Peter always sees Mary at the restaurant at noon. 
 
However, the order of adverbs stated above can be 
changed when the seaker wishes to give a special em-
phasis to one adverb or when he wishes to give variety 
to this sentence order. 
- emphasis given to an adverb of time 
ex.: Next month I’m going to New York by plane. 
- emphasis given to an adverb of manner 
ex.: Last night at the theater Susan danced nicely. 
 
 
UNIDADE XVIII 
1 - THE ADVERB 
 
Tipos de advérbios e sua posição na 
frase 
 
1 – Advérbios de modo (manner) – são aqueles 
que nos dizem como alguma coisa acontece, aconteceu, 
acontecerá, etc. São colocados depois do verbo princi-
pal, mas antes de um particípio. 
 
John acted quickly. (John agiu rapidamente.) 
 
2 – Advérbios de tempo (time) – são aqueles que 
nos dizem quando alguma coisa acontece, aconteceu, 
acontecerá,etc. 
 
a) Se o tempo for definido (today, yesterday, tonight, 
tomorrow) ou se tratar de dias da semana, meses, etc, o 
advérbio normalmente vai para o fim da frase, podendo 
também, às vezes, ser colocado no começo. 
 
I spoke to him last night. 
Yesterday I went to the doctor. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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315 
 
b) Outros advérbios de tempo têm posição variável. 
 
Already – é colocado depois do verbo to be e é inter-
calado nos tempos compostos. 
The books are already in the library. 
I have already seen that film. 
 
Just – é usado com o present perfect tense 
The bus hás just arrived. 
 
Now – é normalmente colocado depois do verbo TO 
BE, podendo ser posto antes para enfatizar. Nos demais 
casos, fica como em português. 
They are now living in Europe. 
Now, they are living in Europe. 
 
Now I understand! 
I want you to do this now! 
 
Soon – normalmente vai para o final da frase, podendo, 
porém, ser colocado antes do verbo. 
The doctor promised to come soon. 
The doctor will soon be here. 
 
Afterwards (later) – normalmente vai para o final 
da frase, podendo também ser colocado no seu início. 
I’ll speak to you afterwards (later). 
Afterwards(later) he said he was sorry. 
 
Lately – é usado da mesma forma que afterwards. 
Henry has been very busy lately. 
Lately it has rained a lot. 
 
 
3 – Advérbios de frequência (frequency) – são 
empregados depois do verbo TO BE, mas antes de ou-
tros verbos. 
 
 never (nunca) 
 usually (geralmen-
te) 
 
I’m generally (geral-
mente) 
in bed before 
11 p.m. 
 always (sempre) 
 often (freqüente-
mente) 
 
 seldom (raramente) 
He sometimes (às ve-
zes) 
travels by 
plane. 
 hardly ever 9quase 
nunca) 
 
 
 
Observações: 
 
a) Usually, generally e sometimes podem ser 
colocados no começo da frase. 
Usually I go to the club on Saturdays. 
Generally she reads the newspaper in the morning. 
Sometimes John has to use the computer. 
 
b) Not always é traduzido por nem sempre. 
Newspapers don’t always tell the truth. 
 
2 - INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND ADJEC-
TIVES 
 
À semelhança dos pronomes demonstrativos e possessi-
vos, os pronomes indefinidos podem ser substantivos 
(indefinite pronouns), quando os substituem, ou adjeti-
vos (indefinite adjectives), quando qualificam os subs-
tantivos. 
Para facilitar o estudo dos pronomes indefinidos, vamos 
dividi-los em grupos, segundo a forma como são em-
pregados: 
- referindo-se a pessoa, coisa ou lugar indefinidos (al-
guém, ninguém, nenhum, alguns, etc) 
- dando idéia de conjunto indefinido (todo, tudo, cada, 
etc) 
- dando idéia de quantidade indefinida (muito, pouco, 
algum, etc) 
 
a) PESSOA, COISA OU LUGAR INDEFINI-
DOS – SOME, ANY, NO, NONE 
 
Antes de apresentar os indefinidos deste grupo, salien-
tamos que: 
 
SOME e seus compostos são usados em frases afirma-
tivas. 
ANY e seus compostos são usados em frases negativas 
e interrogativas e em frases afirmativas com sentido 
de qualquer. 
 
Some – algum, alguns, alguma, algumas, um, uns, uma, 
umas, um pouco de 
Some words are difficult to remember. 
 
Somebody, someone – alguém 
Somebody (someone) called and left a message for you. 
 
Something – alguma coisa 
I gave him something to eat. 
 
Somewhere – em algum lugar 
I saw your keys somewhere in this house. 
 
Somehow – de alguma maneira, de algum jeito 
George is a persistent fellow; somehow he’ll get what 
he wants. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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316 
 
Any - algum, alguns, alguma, algumas, um, uns, uma, 
umas, qualquer 
 Do you have any talent for music? 
 
Anybody, anyone – alguém, qualquer um 
I didn’t see anybody downstairs 
 
Anything – alguma coisa, qualquer coisa 
Although Bill was hungry, he didn’t eat anything. 
 
Anywhere – em algum lugar, em qualquer lugar 
Did you go anywhere on the weekend? 
 
Anyway – de alguma maneira, de qualquer jeito 
Anyway, I’ll do what you want. 
 
No (adjetivo) – nenhum, nenhuma 
I have no money in the bank. 
 
None (substantivo) – nenhum, nenhuma 
Do you have any book? 
No, I have none. 
 
Nobody, no one – ninguém 
Nobody (no one) is listening to him. 
 
Nothing – nada 
There is nothing in the fridge. 
 
Nowhere – nenhum lugar 
She is nowhere in this building. 
 
1 – Some e any podem ser pronomes adjetivos (indefi-
nite adjectives) ou pronomes substantivos (indefinite 
pronouns), porém o mesmo não ocorre com No. No é 
pronome adjetivo, enquanto none, seu correspondente, é 
pronome substantivo. 
 
I have some eggs to make a cake. (ajetivo) 
Do you have any eggs? (adjetivo) 
Yes, I have some. (pronome) 
No, I don’t have any. (pronome) 
No, I have no eggs. (adjetivo) 
No, I have none. (pronome). 
 
2 – Lembre-se de que o inglês não admite dupla negati-
va na oração, coisa muito comum e, às vezes, obrigató-
ria em português. 
Enquanto dizemos: 
Não há nada na geladeira. 
Em inglês se diz: 
There is nothing in the fridge. 
There isn’t anything in the fridge. 
Podemos concluir que, em inglês, há duas formas de 
elaborar orações com indefinidos, evitando a dupla 
negativa. A forma com ANY é mais popular. 
 
3 – Any e seus compostos em frases afirmativas têm o 
sentido de qualquer. 
Take any book you like. 
 
4 – Em frases com if (se), ainda que afirmativas, nor-
malmente se deve usar any e seus compostos. 
If you meet any of my friends, give them my regards. 
 
5 – Dissemos no início que some e seus compostos são 
empregados em frases afirmativas. Porém, como toda 
regra, esta também tem sua exceção. Emprega-se some, 
something, somebody e someone em perguntas, quan-
do se espera ouvir uma resposta afirmativa, especial-
mente ao se oferecer alguma coisa, na maioria das vezes 
comida ou bebida. 
 
Would you like someone to help you? 
Would you like some beer? 
Would you like something to eat? 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Complete as frases com o indefinido apropriado: 
 
1. We don’t have __________bread at home, so don’t 
forget to bring ______from the baker’s. 
2. You haven’t eaten __________all day, so you must 
be hungry. Would you like _______to eat now? 
3. Have you seen ___________good movies lately? 
4. You can buy coke almost __________in Brazil? 
5. __________ people are so naïve that they believe the 
silliest stories! 
6. I left my car keys _________in the house, but I can’t 
remember where. 
7. A: Is there __________at the gate? 
 B: No, there’s ________there. 
8. I have _______to tell you but it’s a secret; so, don’t 
tell ____________about it! 
9. If you see ___________suspicious-looking person 
near the house, call the police. 
10. These puzzles are easy: ____________can solve 
them. 
11. The man was practically dead, but 
_______________ he survived. 
12. Are you sure that ________was waving to us from 
across the street? 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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317 
 
Questão 02 
Entre as alternativas abaixo, aponte aquela que completa 
corretamente todas as frases seguintes: 
 
1. There isn’t _______paper in that drawer. 
2. I’m sure I saw that girl _________before. 
3. If you want ________from the fridge, just take 
it! 
4. Do you have ________experience as a carpen-
ter? No, I have _________. 
5. Would you like __________to drink? 
 
a) any – somewhere – something – any – no one – 
something 
b) some – somewhere – anything – some – noth-
ing – anything 
c) any – anywhere – something – any – none - 
something 
d) any – somewhere – anything – any – none - 
something 
 
b) CONJUNTO INDEFINIDO – EVERY, ALL, 
EACH 
 
Neste grupo, os indefinidos dão idéia de conjunto. Na 
verdade, trata-se mais de uma questão de vocabulário. 
Em inglês, esses indefinidos concordam com o verbo no 
singular. 
 
Everybody is here. 
Everything is all right. 
 
Com ALL, porém, o verbo concorda com o substantive 
que o segue. 
All the students are here. 
 
Every, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, 
all, each, either (one), neither (one), another, enough, 
most, most of. 
 
c) QUANTIDADE INDEFINIDA – MUCH, 
MANY, LITTLE, FEW… 
 
Much e little acompanham substantivos no singular 
(uncountable nouns) 
Many e few acompanham substantivos no plural. 
(countable nouns) 
 
Obs.: A few = alguns 
 Few = poucos 
 
I have few friends in Rio (poucos) 
I have a few friends in Rio. (alguns) 
 
Obs.: Little = pouco 
 A little = um pouco de 
 
UNIDADE XIX - MODAL VERBS 
O que é um MODAL VERB? 
O MODAL VERB é um tipo especial de 
verbo auxiliar que é usado junto com um 
verbo principal, alterando-lhe o sentido. De modogeral, 
indicam possibilidade, obrigação, dedução, permissão, 
habilidade, vontade, desejo ou ainda, o tom da conversa 
(formal/informal). São eles: can, could, may , might , 
must , ought, shall, should, will, would. 
 
Os modal verbs podem ser chamados também de mo-
dal auxiliaries ou apenas modals. 
Grosso modo, poderíamos dizer que a maioria dos 
MODALS equivale a poder e dever. Em português, 
tanto um quanto outro podem expressar situações diver-
sas. Em inglês, porém, para cada situação há um MO-
DAL mais adequado. Observe: 
May I use your umbrella? (permissão) - Posso usar seu 
guarda-chuva? 
He may be in the library. (possibilidade) - Ele epode 
estar na biblioteca. 
She must be at the beauty salon (dedução) – Ela deve 
estar no salão de beleza 
You should see a dentist. (conselho) – Você deveria ir a 
um dentista. 
 
Antes de vermos cada um dos MODAL VERBS, dare-
mos algumas informações preliminares para auxiliar seu 
estudo. 
 
1 – Os MODAL VERBS não existem na forma infiniti-
va. 
 
2 – Eles são sempre seguidos por verbos no infinitivo 
sem TO. A única exceção fica por conta de OUGHT. 
He can swin. – Ele pode (sabe) nadir. 
She must study. – Ela deve estudar 
They ought to pay the rent. – Eles deveriam pagar o 
aluguel. 
 
3 – Os MODAL VERBS nunca são flexionados. Ou 
seja, não levam s na 3ª pessoa do singular (simple pre-
sent), nem formam gerúndio (ing) ou passado (ed). 
 
4 – Podem ser acompanhados pelo auxiliar BE, freqüen-
temente seguido de gerúndio, expressando tempo pre-
sente ou futuro, ou pelo auxiliar HAVE seguido de 
particípio, expressando tempo passado. 
They might be studying – Eles podem estar estudando. 
The game will be starting at five – O jogo estará come-
çando às cinco 
Joe may have seen the film already. Joe já pode ter visto 
o filme. 
 
5 – Nunca são acompanhados pelo auxiliar DO (DO, 
DOES, DID). Porém, quando DO é verbo principal, é 
perfeitamente cabível. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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I can do it – Eu posso faze-lo 
 
6 – Para a forma negativa, acrescenta-se um NOT. 
 
CAN CANNOT (CAN’T) 
MAY MAY NOT 
MUST MUST NOT (MUSTN’T) 
SHALL SHALL NOT (SHAN’T) 
WILL WILL NOT (WON’T) 
COULD COULD NOT 
(COULDN’T) 
MIGHT MIGHT NOT (MIGHTN’T 
OUGHT TO OUGHT NOT TO 
(OUGHTN’T TO) 
SHOULD SHOULD NOT 
(SHOULDN’T) 
WOULD WOULD NOT 
(WOULDN’T) 
 
Observação: 
 
. WILL e SHALL são exceções! São os únicos modals 
que indicam especificamente o tempo, no caso, futuro. 
 
. Convém salientar que, em alguns casos, COULD é o 
passado de CAN. 
 
1 – WILL 
 
MODAL Usado para exemplo 
WILL * Formar o sim-
ple future 
* Dar um tom 
polido (educado) 
a perguntas. 
He will come 
later. 
Will you close 
the door, 
please? 
 
SHALL * Formar o sim-
ple future com I 
e WE (inglês 
britânico) 
* sugerir, pro-
por, seguido de 
pergunta 
We shall arrive 
at noon. 
 
 
Shall I open the 
window? 
Shall we go to 
the movies? 
 
 
Salientamos que este ultimo uso de SHALL é muito 
freqüente na linguagem coloquial. 
 
2 – SHOULD – OUGHT TO 
 
SHOULD e OUGHT TO têm basicamente o mesmo 
sentido, sendo OUGHT TO mais formal. Ambos ex-
pressam conselho, advertência, obrigação ou expectati-
va, correspondendo a deveria em português. 
 
You should see a doctor. (You ought to see a doctor). 
 
OUGHT TO é o único modal que é seguido por verbo 
no infinitivo com TO. 
. Em alguns casos, principalmente, quando expressam 
conselho, advertência, SHOULD e OUGHT TO podem 
ser traduzidos por devia. 
 
SHOULD também é usado para: 
 
a) expressar ou pedir opinião 
I think Paul should be more polite! (Acho que Paul 
deveria ser mais educado!) 
 
b) dizer que alguma coisa não está certa ou não é o que 
esperávamos. 
Peter shouldn’t be watching TV; he should be doing his 
homework. (Peter não deveria estar assistindo TV; de-
veria estar fazendo sua tarefa de casa). 
 
The butter is on the table but it should be in the fridge. 
(A manteiga está na mesa, mas deveria estar na geladei-
ra.) 
 
c) dizer que alguma coisa deverá (provavelmente) acon-
tecer. 
Vivien should pass the test very easily. (Vivien deverá 
passar no teste com muita facilidade). 
 
3 – CAN 
 
Em português, CAN corresponde a poder em seus 
diversos sentidos. 
 
a) CAN expressa capacidade, habilidade, permissão 
informal, pedido informal e possibilidade. 
 
Can you lift this suitcase? (Você consegue levanter esta 
mala?) – capacidade 
She can speak French very well. (Ela fala Francês muito 
bem.) – habilidade 
Can I go with you? (Posso ir com você?) – permissão 
informal 
Can you help me? (Você pode me ajudar?) – pedido 
informal 
It can be dangerous. (Isso pode ser perigoso.) – possibi-
lidade. 
 
b) CAN’T é usado freqüentemente em exclamações 
com sentido de não é possível que... 
I can’t have slept more than 30 minutes! (Não posso ter 
dormido mais de 30 minutos!) 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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319 
 
4 – MUST 
 
Em português, MUST corresponde a dever, podendo 
indicar probabilidade e obrigação (ou necessidade). 
 
a) Usamos MUST, expressando probabilidade, quando 
temos uma evidência do fato a que nos referimos. 
 
Why isn’t John in class? (Por que John não está na au-
la?) 
 He must be sick, because when I saw him yesterday he 
wasn’t feeling well. (Ele deve estar doente, porque, 
quando o vi ontem, ele não estava se sentindo bem.) 
 
 
b) Para expressar obrigação, necessidade, usamos 
MUST (só para o presente) e HAVE TO ou NEED TO 
(que servem tanto para o presente como para os demais 
tempos.) 
 
I must go to the class today. (Eu preciso ir à aula hoje) 
I had to go to class yesterday. (Eu tive que ir à aula 
ontem.) 
 
c) Na negativa, MUST NOT expressa proibição. 
You mustn’t park here. (Você não pode estacionar 
aqui.) 
 
UNIDADE XX – CONJUNCTIONS 
1. CONJUNCTIONS 
 
Conjunção é uma palavra que liga duas ora-
ções ou dois termos semelhantes da mesma 
oração. 
Em vez de subdividir as conjunções em adversativas, 
concessivas, conclusivas, etc como fazemos em portu-
guês, vamos adotar uma classificação mais pragmática, 
baseada no Dictionary of American English. As conjun-
ções são divididas em quatro grupos: o grupo and,,o 
grupo but, o grupo because e o grupo so. 
 
a. Grupo AND 
 
Em vez de dizer: 
When Tom went to the bookstore, he bought a notebook 
and several pens. 
Ou: 
Jim and Daisy came to my birthday party. 
 
Podemos dizer: 
 
When Tom went to the bookstore, he bought a note-
book; he bought several pens as well. (também) 
Jim came to my birthday party; Daisy came as well. 
 
 
When Tom went to the bookstore, he bought a notebook 
as well as several pens. (bem como) 
Jim, as well as Daisy, came to my birthday party. 
 
When Tom went to the bookstore, he bought a note-
book; he also bought several pens. (também) 
Jim and also Daisy came to birthday party. 
 
Not only did Tom buy a notebook, he also bought sev-
eral pens. 
Not only Jim but also Daisy came to my birthday party. 
 
Besides (além de) buying a notebook, Tom bought 
several pens. 
A lot of my friends came to my birthday party, besides 
Jim and Daisy. 
 
In addition (além de) buying a notebook, Tom bought 
several pens. 
A lot of my friends came to my birthday party, in addi-
tion Jim and Daisy 
 
1.2 Grupo BUT 
 
Em vez de dizer: 
My mattress isn’tvery soft but it’s comfortable. 
OU 
Our players did their best but they lost the game. 
 
Podemos dizer: 
My mattress isn’t very soft; yet (no entanto, todavia), 
it’s comfortable. 
Our players did their best; yet, they lost the game. 
 
My mattress isn’t very soft; however (porém, entre-
tanto), it’s comfortable. 
Our players did their best; however, they lost the game. 
 
Although/ Even though (embora, muito embora) my 
mattress isn’t very soft, it’s comfortable. 
Although/ Even though Our players did their best, they 
lost the game. 
 
Despite the fact / In spite of the fact (a despeito de, 
apesar de) that my mattress isn’t very soft, it’s comfort-
able. 
Despite the fact / In spite of the fact our players did 
their best but they lost the game. 
 
Observações: 
 
a. Ao usarmos although / even though e despite of / in 
spite of the fact, podemos colocá-ls no início ou no 
meio da frase. 
 
Although/ Even though (embora, muito embora) my 
mattress isn’t very soft, it’s comfortable. 
My mattress is comfortable, although/ even though 
it’s not very soft. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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b. As conjunções nevertheless / nonetheless (não 
obstante) e still (ainda ou mesmo assim) também se 
enquadram neste grupo. 
 
My mattress isn’t very soft; nevertheless, it’s comforta-
ble. 
Our players did their best; still, they lost the game. 
 
1.3 Grupo BECAUSE 
 
As conjunções deste grupo respondem à pergunta Why 
(por que) ou explicam a causa de algo. Vejamos: 
 
He was late because he missed the bus. 
As / since I wasn’t thirsty, I didn’t drink anything. 
 
We cancelled our trip on account of the rain. 
 
The patient was saved due to the doctor’s prompt ac-
tion. 
 
He failed the test owing to his lack of interesting. 
 
Millions of people have died from aids. 
 
He only said that to / in order to fool me 
 
I put on a heavy woolen sweater so that I wouldn’t feel 
cold. 
I put on a heavy woolen sweater, so as not to feel cold. 
 
Observação: 
A oração iniciada por because, so that / so as e in 
order that pode vir no início ou no final do período. 
 
He got a low mark because he didn’t study. 
Because he didn’t study, he got a low mark. 
 
1.4 Grupo SO 
 
As conjunções deste grupo expressam o que acontece / 
aconteceu/ acontecerá em razão de alguma coisa. 
 
Mary felt tired and sleepy, so she went to bed. 
Mary felt tired and sleepy, that’s why she went to bed. 
 
That’s why é uma forma mais informal (e muito usada). 
 
Outras conjunções mais formais (e, por isso mesmo, 
mais usadas na linguagem escrita) são therefore (por-
tanto), thus (assim), consequently (por conseguinte) e 
hence ( e daí). 
 
A definitive cure for cancer hasn’t been found yet; 
therefore, research work will go on. 
 
The company’s profits have fallen; thus, it cannot raise 
the salaries of its employees. 
 
I have no interest in astrology; consequently / hence, I 
don’t know much about it. 
 
 
Além dessas conjunções que acabamos de estudar, exis-
tem outras que não se enquadram em nenhum dos gru-
pos acima. Entre elas, salientamos as mais usadas: 
 
Either....or - ou....ou 
Both ....and - tanto ….como 
If / whether - se 
Unless - a não ser que 
Then - então 
Neither ….nor – nem…nem 
Except / except for – exceto, com exceção de 
Provided / as long as – contanto que 
Whereas / while – ao passo que, enquanto 
Otherwise – do contrário, caso contrário 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Complete as frases abaixo com uma das seguintes con-
junções: 
 
Bu
t 
Al-
though
/ even 
though 
Despi-
te/ in 
spite 
of 
As well 
as 
Besi-
des/ 
in 
addi-
tion 
to 
Be-
cause 
So 
/ 
so 
th
at 
That’s 
why 
Ho-
wever 
Never-
theless 
unless 
 
1. Bill has a sore throat, ______________he can hardly 
speak. 
2. ______________ I was very angry, I preferred to 
Keep my mouth shut. 
3. We left the back door open, ______the dog could go 
out. 
4. ________Enghish, Julia speaks Spanish and French 
fluently. 
5. For dessert, we had ice-cream, _______chocolate 
mousse. 
6. __________the fact that Henry doesn’t have a col-
lege degree, he has a good job. 
7. You can walk along a dark street at night; 
___________you must be careful. 
8. The sun didn’t shine all day, _______________, it 
was very warm. 
9. I’m sorry I can’t go; ___________, that you for 
inviting me. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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10. ___________we were all tired, we stopped for a 
rest. 
11. Fred looks a bit sad; it must be ______________his 
mother is quite ill. 
12. We’re going to play football this afternoon, 
___________it rains. 
 
 
UNIDADE XXI - FALANDO SOBRE O 
FUTURO 
2. GOING TO - FUTURE 
 
Observe the dialogue: 
 
“What are you going to do tonight? 
I’m going to work . I’m going to prepare tomorrow’s 
briefing. And you? 
I don’t know.” 
 
Nós usamos a expressão “TO BE GOING TO” como 
um substituto para o futuro. Ela também é chamada 
“FUTURO INTENCIONAL”. É muito coloquial. 
Vejamos como formá-la: 
 
SUJEI-
TO 
TO BE 
(PRESEN-
TE) 
GOIN
G TO 
PRINCI-
PAL VERB 
I AM GOING 
TO 
SEE 
YOU ARE GOING 
TO 
TAKE 
HE IS GOING 
TO 
SWIN 
SHE IS GOING 
TO 
PLAY 
IT IS GOING 
TO 
EAT 
WE ARE GOING 
TO 
SEE 
YOU ARE GOING 
TO 
SWIN 
THEY ARE GOING 
TO 
EAT 
 
As formas interrogativa e negativa seguem as regras do 
verbo TO BE 
 
As mesmas expressões de tempo usadas com o Futuro 
Simples serão usadas com “TO BE GOING TO”. 
 
Vejamos mais exemplos: 
I’m going to watch TV tonight. 
What are you going to do next weekend? 
They are going to walk home after lunch. 
Is the doctor going to see you this afternoon? 
 
 
A expressão “TO BE GOING TO”, usada como um 
substantivo do futuro, corresponde ao nosso “IR + IN-
FINITIVO”. 
 
Eu vou ver tv hoje à noite. 
 
QUANDO USAR : 
 
1 – Usamos be going to para nos referirmos a uma ação 
planejada ou pretendida (intenção) 
 
Tonight I’m going to study for tomorrow’s test. 
 
 
2 – Be going to é usado para a uma ação que irá ou 
poderá acontecer no futuro imediato. 
 
Look at those dark clouds. I think it’s going to rain. 
 
3 – Também usamos be going to para advertir (avisar) 
sobre uma situação perigosa. 
 
Watch out! You’re going to hit that car! 
 
Observação: Will ou Be going to? 
 
Em muitas situações podemos usar tanto WILL quanto 
BE GOING TO exatamente com o mesmo sentido. Mas 
se nos referimos a algo que irá acontecer muito em 
breve (futuro imediato), geralmente optamos por be 
going to. 
 
Outra distinção entre WILL e BE GOING TO refere-se 
ao planejamento prévio ou não da ação. WILL é usado 
quando a pessoa que fala decide, no momento em que 
fala, fazer alguma coisa no futuro. Não houve planeja-
mento prévio. No entanto, se a decisão já havia sido 
tomada, emprega-se BE GOING TO. A distinção parece 
sutil, mas o diálogo a seguir pode ajuda-lo a entender. 
 
Mary: I’d like to make a cake but we haven’t got any 
eggs. (Gostaria de fazer um bolo, mas não temos ovos) 
 
Tom: In the case, I’ll go to the corner store and buy 
some. (Nesse caso, vou à mercearia da esquina e com-
pro alguns) 
 
Note que a decisão de Tom foi tomada agora. 
Minutos mais tarde, quando ele está saindo de casa para 
comprar os ovos.... 
 
Tom: Mary, I’m going to buy the eggsyou asked for. 
Do you need anything else? 
(Mary, vou comprar os ovos que você pediu. Você pre-
cisa de mais alguma coisa?) 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Tom diz I’m going to buy porque a decisão de comprar 
os ovos já havia sido tomada. Além disso, a ação (com-
prar os ovos) ocorrerá em breve. 
 
2. QUESTION WORDS - PRONOMES IN-
TERROGATIVOS 
 
Em inglês, os interrogativos são chamados de questi-
on words. As perguntas elaboradas com eles são cha-
madas wh-questions, pois, com exceção de HOW (co-
mo), todas elas são feitas com interrogativos que come-
çam com WH: 
 
1 - WHO - quem (sujeito) 
Who is that pretty girl? 
Who told you about the accident? 
Who was talking to you? 
 
2 – WHOM – quem (objeto) 
Whom did you meet at the party? 
With whom did Rosalyn go? 
To whom were you speaking just now? 
 
3 – WHOSE – de quem 
Whose book is this? (ou Whose is this book?) 
Whose boots are those? (ou Whose are those boots?) 
Whose camera is that? (ou Whose is that camera?) 
 
4 – Which – qual, quais 
Which of those ladies is your mother? 
Which are the easiest lessons? 
Which shirt do you prefer: the blue one or the red one? 
 
5 – WHAT – o que – que 
What did you say? 
What would she like to drink? 
What should I do? 
 
 6 – WHERE – onde 
Where did you spend your holidays? 
Where are we going tonight? 
Where is Peter? 
 
 7 – WHY – por que 
Why did he run away? 
Why don’t you come with us? 
Why did he say that? 
 
 8 – WHEN – quando 
When was this building put up? 
When were you born? 
When dis she arrive? 
 
9 – HOW – como 
How is your family? 
How cai I forget that? 
How do you do/ 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Vamos treinar: 
 
Complete com um dos interrogativos estudados: 
 
1. _________________were you born: in 1977 ou 
1978? 
2. _________________dessert would you rather have: 
ice cream or lemon pie? 
3. For __________did Walter bring those beautiful 
roses? 
4. ____________are the newspapers saying about the 
coming elections? 
5. My father wants to Know ___________I got home 
so late last night. 
6. __________does John do for living? He’s an electri-
cian. 
7. Can you tell me ________invented the telephone/ 
8. ____________is more expensive: a VCR or a cell-
phone? 
9. Please tell me ___________you bought these deli-
cious cookies. 
10. _________car is that? Mr Brown’s or Mr Robin-
son”s? 
11. ________did you miss class yesterday? 
12. Jennifer insists on knowing ______________called 
_____________she was out. 
 
 
UNIDADE XXII - REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS 
 
1. PRONOMES REFLEXIVOS 
 
A cada pronome pessoal corresponde um 
pronome reflexivo: 
 
PERSONAL PRO-
NOUN 
REFLEXIVE PRO-
NOUN 
I MYSELF 
YOU YOURSELF 
HE HIMSELF 
SHE HERSELF 
IT ITSELF 
WE OURSELVES 
YOU YOURSELVES 
THEY THEMSELVES 
 
Observações: 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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a. O emprego do reflexivo , como reflexivo, é menos 
freqüente em inglês, do que em português. 
 
Em português dizemos: Eu me lembro 
Em inglês: I remember 
 
b. É obrigatório o emprego do reflexivo em inglês 
quando se trata, realmente, de ação reflexiva. 
 
Helen hurt herself. 
Hitler killed himself. 
Take care of yourself. 
 
c. O reflexivo, em inglês, também é empregado como 
enfatizante. 
 
Tim painted the house himself. 
 
d. Quando precedidos da preposição by, os reflexivos 
têm o sentido de sozinho (a, as, os). Às vezes, a palavra 
all é colocada antes de by, servindo então de enfatizan-
te. 
 
She was sitting there (all) by herself. 
 
e. São expressões idiomáticas: 
 
Help yourself (yourselves)! (Sirva-se!) 
 
Make yourself (yourselves) at home! (Sinta-se à vonta-
de! / Esteja em casa!) 
 
f. Observe a diferença entre os pronomes reflexivos 
ourselves, yourselves, themselves e os chamados refle-
xivos recíprocos: each other / one another. 
 
Mary and I looked at ourselves in the mirror. 
(Maria e eu olhamos para nós mesmas no espelho) 
 
Mary and I looked at each other and laughed. 
(Maria e eu olhamos uma para outra e demos risadas) 
 
Bob and I really enjoyed ouselves during the trip. 
(Bob e eu realmente nos divertimos durante a viagem) 
 
Bob and I don’t see one another very often. 
Bob e eu não vemos um ao outro com muita freqüência. 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Complete as frases seguintes com selves ou each other/ 
one another. 
 
1. Some people are very selfish. They only think 
of _________________ 
2. George greeted me and I greeted him. George 
and I greeted _____________ 
3. Did Johny and Susie enjoy _________at the 
circus? 
4. Christmas is a time when friends usually give 
presents to __________________ 
5. Pat and Henry had an argument last week. 
They are still not speaking to ________________ 
6. Bill and I hurt ___________when we fell off 
the jabuticaba tree. 
 
UNIDADE XXIII - GERUND AND 
INFINITIVE GERUND 
Em alguns casos, o emprego do gerund é 
obrigatório; em outros, o emprego do infini-
tive é obrigatório. Há, ainda, casos opcionais, 
isto é, pode-se empregar o gerund ou o infi-
nitive indiferentemente.. 
 
Vejamos os casos em que o emprego do gerund é obri-
gatório. 
 
a. Preposições regem gerund, ou seja, depois de prepo-
sição é obrigatório o uso de um gerund. Na gramática 
inglesa, diz-se que o gerund é o objeto da preposição. 
 
He is interested in buying the car. 
Susan left without saying goodbye. 
 
Observações: 
 
1) Se as preposições before e after são seguidas de 
verbo, este irá no gerund. Porém, quando forem segui-
das por um nome ou pronome, não há necessidade do 
gerund. 
 
He closed all the windows before leaving. 
After eating, he brushed his teeth. 
 
Before you go, do me a favor. 
After he died, we sold the house. 
 
 
b. Há certos verbos que regem gerund, isto é, quando 
seguidos de outo verbo, exigem um gerund. Na gramá-
tica inglesa, diz-se que são verbos que exigem um ge-
rund como objeto. 
Entre eles salientamos: 
 
To finish (terminar) 
To enjoy (gostar, apreciar) 
To consider (pensar em, cogitar) 
To resist (resistir) 
To deny (negar) 
To admit (admitir) 
To avoid (evitar) 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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To mind (importer-se) 
To postpone (adiar) 
To appreciate (apreciar) 
To dislike (não gostar) 
To keep (continuar) 
To delay (atrasar, demorar) 
To stop (parar) 
 
Do you enjoy listening to country 
 
Observações: 
 
1) O verbo to stop pode ser usado em dois senti-
dos: 
 
- parar de – exige gerund 
He stopped working. 
They stopped talking. 
 
- parar para, isto é, interromper uma atividade para fazer 
outra – pede um infinitive. 
After working for two hours, we stopped to rest. 
 
2) Os verbos remember/recall, forget e regret são 
seguidos de gerund apenas quando significam lembrar-
se, esquecer-se ou arrepender-se de alguma coisa no 
passado. 
 
I remember locking all the doors (sentido passado) 
Lembro-me de ter fechado todas as portas. 
 
I’ll never forget seeing a snake a meter away from 
me (sentido passado) 
Nunca me esquecerei de ter visto uma cobra a apenas 
um metro de mim. 
 
Tom regrets having bought that second-hand TV set. 
(sentido passado) 
Tom se arrepende de ter comprador aquela TV de se-
gunda-mão. 
 
Mas, 
 
Remember to call me tonight.Lembre-se de me tele-
fonar à noite. 
 
She always forgets to take her medicine. Ela sempre 
se esquece de tomar seu remédio. 
 
I regret to inform you that we no longer sell this 
product. Lamento informar-lhe que não vendemos 
mais esse produto. 
 
c. Emprega-se o gerund depois do verbo to go (em 
qualquer de seus tempos), quando este é seguido por 
outro verbo que expressa certas atividades, principal-
mente esportivas. 
The boys are going swimming. 
 
São eles: 
To go swimming – ir nadir 
To go fishing – ir pescar 
To go skating – ir patinar 
To go jogging – ir corer 
To go hunting – ir caçar 
To go shopping – ir fazer compras 
To go bowling – ir jogar boliche 
To go skiing – ir esquiar 
To go hiking – ir fazer uma excursão a pé 
To go bicycling – (biking) – ir andar de bicicleta 
To go surfing – ir surfar 
To go boating / sailing – ir andar de barco / velejar 
To go camping – ir acampar 
To go dancing – ir dançar 
To go mountain climbing – ir fazer alpinismo 
 
d. Usamos o gerund com a função de sujeito de uma 
oração ou de uma cláusula, equivalendo ao nosso infini-
tivo. 
 
Swimming is an excellent exercise. 
Listening to music is my favorite pastime. 
 
Observações: 
 
1) Como explicar a famosa frase de Shakespeare: “To 
be or no to be, that is the question”? Na frase citada 
temos uma disjunção (ser ou não ser), isto é, dois infini-
tivos separados por um ou não. Quando isso ocorrer, 
usamos o infinitive. 
To buy or not to buy, sometimes that’s a difficult 
decision to make. 
 
2) Às vezes, usamos o infinitive como sujeito da ora-
ção. Porém, o infinitive é mais comumente usado com 
it. 
Playing with fire is dangerous 
To play with fire is dangerous. 
 
 
e) Algumas expressões pedem verbos na forma ing. 
Entre essas expressões salientamos: 
 
- It’s no use / no good (Não adianta) 
It’s no use going now. The game must be nearly over. 
It’s no good trying to persuade him. He won’t listen to 
you. 
 
- It makes no sense (Não faz sentido) 
It makes no sense getting so upset about such a small 
thing. 
 
- It’s worth / not worth ( Vale a pena / não 
vale a pena) 
It’s not wort watching such a silly program. 
 
- I can’t help (não posso deixar de) 
I ca’nt help falling in love. 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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- Have difficulty / hard time / a difficult time 
/ trouble (ter dificuldade em) 
I had difficulty finding a good hotel. 
I had a hard time finding a good hotel. 
I had a difficult time finding a good hotel. 
I had trouble finding a good hotel. 
 
- It’s a waste of money / time (desperdício de 
dinheiro / tempo) 
It’s a waste of money buying low quality products. 
It’s a waste of time going to that exhibition. 
 
 
 
f) O gerund é também muito freqüente na função de 
substantivo ou adjetivo. 
 
 This house needs a good cleaning. 
The beginning of the book was quite interesting. 
 
1. INFINITIVE 
 
Vejamos agora os casos em que o infinitive é obrigató-
rio, em alguns deles com to, em outros sem to. Para 
facilitar, convencionaremos chamar de to- infinitive o 
infinitive com o to, e apenas infinitive o infinitivo sem 
to. 
 
a. Alguns verbos regem to-infinitive, isto é, quando 
seguidos de outro verbo, exigem que esteja no to-
infinitive. Entre eles destacamos: 
 
to hope (esperar) 
to agree ( concordar) 
to promise (prometer) 
to attempt ( tentar) 
to decide (decider) 
to forget (esquecer) 
to fail (deixar de) 
to learn (aprender) 
to dare (atrever-se) 
to manage (conseguir) 
to pretend (finger) 
to seem (parecer) 
to plan (planejar) 
to offer (oferecer) 
to threaten (ameaçar) 
to refuse (recusar) 
to appear (parecer) 
 
George refused to give me a lift. 
Don’t forget to pay the phone bill! 
 
 
UNIDADE XXIV - PRESENT PERFECT – 
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE 
De todos os tempos verbais, o present perfect é o que 
apresenta maiores dificuldades para o brasileiro que 
busca o domínio da língua inglesa. 
Considere as seguintes frases: 
Moramos nesta casa há mais de cinco anos (presente) 
Você leu algum romance de Jorge Amado? (pretérito 
perfeito) 
Eu sempre quis saber por que certos perfumes são tão 
caros. (pretérito perfeito) 
Você já esteve em Nova Iorque? Eu já estive lá várias 
vezes. (pretérito perfeito) 
Ela ainda não viu esse filme. (pretérito perfeito) 
Nunca estive em Itaparica, mas meu primo acaba de 
voltar de lá. (pretérito perfeito) 
Tenho visto bons filmes na televisão ultimamente. 
(pretérito perfeito composto) 
Com exceção da última frase, em que foi usado o preté-
rito perfeito composto (tenho visto), todas as demais 
apresentam tempos verbais variados. No entanto, ver-
tendo-os para o inglês, em todas usaríamos o present 
perfect. O importante é você entender quando usar cada 
tempo verbal. 
 
No PRESENT PERFECT, o auxiliar TO HAVE vem 
sempre no presente. 
 
 
PRESENT PERFECT 
 
a) Forma afirmativa 
sujeito + have (‘ve) + particípio 
sujeito + has (‘s) + particípio = 3ª pessoa do singular 
 
I have lived here since 1990. (Moramos aqui desde 
1990.) 
She has studied a lot for the test. (Ela tem estudado bas-
tante para a prova.) 
 
b) Forma negativa 
sujeito + have not (haven’t) + particípio 
sujeito + has not (hasn’t) + particípio = 3ª pessoa do 
singular 
 
We haven’t gone to the movies lately. (Não temos ido 
ao cinema ultimamente) 
He hasn’t seen that film yet. (Ele ainda não viu esse 
filme). 
 
c) Forma interrogativa 
have + sujeito + particípio 
has + sujeito _ particípio = 3ª pessoa do singular 
 
Have they moved yet? (Eles já se mudaram?) 
Has she done her homework? (ela fez a lição de casa? ) 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Quando usar? 
Usamos o Present Perfect para expressar um fato pas-
sado que tem alguma relação com o presente. Há 
duas situações básicas em que ele é usado, as quais 
veremos a seguir: 
 
1) O present perfect é empregado para designar fatos 
que ocorreram no passado em tempo não determinado. 
Pode ser acompanhado ou não de advérbio que dá al-
guma referência desse tempo. 
a) sem referência de tempo 
 
She’s typed the letters. (Ela datilografou as cartas.) 
They’ve bought a new car. (Eles compraram um novo 
carro) 
Have you passed the exam? (Você passou no exame?) 
 
b) com referência de tempo, indicando que a ação: 
 
* acabou de acontecer (Just) 
I’ve Just got home. (Acabei de chegar em casa.) 
 
* nunca aconteceu (never) 
I’ve never seen such a thing. (Eu nunca vi tal coisa) 
 
* aconteceu alguma vez (ever, geralmente em interroga-
tivas) 
Have you ever been to Europe? (Você já esteve na Eu-
ropa?) 
 
* ainda não aconteceu (Yet, em negativas) 
Joe hasn’t had dinner yet. (Joe ainda não jantou.) 
 
* já aconteceu (yet, em interrogativas; already, em 
afirmativas) 
Has she visited the museum yet? (Ela já visitou o mu-
seu?) 
I’ve already talked to him about this matter. (Já falei 
com ele sobre este assunto.) 
 
Observe a posição dos advérbios. Com exceção de yet, 
que vem no final da frase, eles vêm sempre antes do 
verbo principal. 
 
c) com referência de tempo, indicando freqüência (of-
ten, many times, frequently, several times, always) 
I’ve often seen this kind of bird in the park. (Tenho 
visto com frequência esta espécie de pássaro no parque.) 
They’ve gone to Playcenter several times. (Eles foram 
ao Playcenter várias vezes.) 
John has played tennis three times this week. (John 
jogoutennis três vezes esta semana.) 
 
2) O present perfect é empregado para descrever um 
passado não acabado, isto é, a ação começou no pas-
sado e continua até o presente. Nesse caso, pode expres-
sar duas situações, apresentando, geralmente, uma pre-
posição ou um adjunto adverbial de tempo. 
 
a) expressando situações ou ações que ocorreram em um 
período de tempo que inclui o presente (lately, recently, 
this week, this month, this morning, etc) 
I haven’t seen Tom lately. (Não tenho visto Tom ulti-
mamente.) 
Has Jane taken a trip to Argentina this year? (Jane fez 
uma viagem à Argentina este ano?) 
Our company has exported a lot this month. (Nossa 
empresa exportou muito este mês.) 
 
b) expressando uma ação ou situação que tem início no 
passado e continua no presente, tendo certo destaque o 
período de tempo de ocorrência da ação. Nesse caso, 
frequentemente usamos as preposições since e for. 
 
* since – desde ( a partir de um determinado momento) 
Mr Costa has been the store manager since 1993. (O sr. 
Costa é o gerente da loja desde 1993.) 
 
* for – durante, há (período de tempo) 
They have lived in the same apartment for 20 years. 
(Eles moram no mesmo apartamento há 20 anos) 
 
As perguntas são feitas com how long (há quanto tem-
po). 
How long has she worked as a store clerck? (Há quanto 
tempo ela trabalha como balconista de loja?) 
 
 
Observações: 
 
a) É importante observar que não se usa o present per-
fect ao se fazer referência a ações passadas que não têm 
ligação com o presente, embora o tempo em que aconte-
ceram não seja mencionado. 
 
The Chinese invented gunpowder. (Os chineses inventa-
ram a pólvora.) 
Everybody knows who discovered America. (Todo 
mundo sabe quem descobriu a América.) 
 
b) Lembre-se de que to be, to have e to do funcionam 
também como verbo principal e, como tal, aparecem 
nos tempos compostos na forma do particípio. 
She has been very busy lately. (Ela tem estado muito 
ocupada ultimamente.) 
I have already had lunch at a Chinese restaurant. (Já 
almocei em um restaurante chinês.) 
They have done this lesson before. (Eles fizeram esta 
lição anteriormente.) 
 
c) na linguagem falada (informal) é comum ouvirmos a 
expressão have got (‘ve got). Tal expressão tem o 
mesmo sentido de have (ter). Não se trata de present 
perfect. 
I have got a car = I have a car. 
Eu tenho um carro. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Mas, I’ve gotten five letters so far this week. = Por 
enquanto recebi cinco cartas esta semana. 
 
 
OBSERVAÇÃO: 
O ‘S pode indicar a contração do pronome com is ou 
com has. 
 
He’s working. = He is working. 
She’s thirsty = She is thirsty 
It’s old. = It is old. 
 
He’s gone = He has gone. 
She’s left = She has left. 
It’s disappeared = It has disappeared. 
 
Quando a contração é feita com is, segue-se a ele um 
gerúndio ou adjetivo. Quando a contração é feita com 
has, segue-se a ele um particípio. 
 
 
LET’S PRATICE: 
 
 
Questão 01 
Supply the present perfect tense form of the verbs in 
parentheses. 
1. I ________________(speak) to him about it several 
times. 
2. We _________________(finish) all our homework. 
3. He ___________________ (visit) us many times. 
4. She ______________________(return) my book at 
last. 
5. I am afraid that I _______________(lose) my car 
keys. 
6. We ________________(be) in Mexico many times. 
7. I ______________________(study) this same exer-
cise before. 
8. We ____________________(learn) many new words 
in this course. 
9. I _________________(tell) John what you said. 
10. I ____________________(hear) that story before. 
11. We _____________ (lend) money to them several 
times. 
12. Mr. Smith _______________(go) to South America 
to work. 
13. He _____________________(make) that same 
mistake several times. 
14. She _________________________(see) that movie 
three times. 
15. He _________________(make) and 
____________(lose) several fortunes. 
 
O present perfect é empregado para designar fatos que 
ocorreram no passado em tempo não determinado. 
Quando mencionamos o tempo, usamos o Simple Past 
Tense. 
He has gone to New York. 
He went to New York yesterday. 
 
Questão 02 
In the following sentences, supply either the simple 
past tense or the present perfect tense of the verbs in 
parentheses. 
1. I ____________________(visit) Chicago many 
times. 
2. Mr. Smith _______________(go) to Chicago last 
week. 
3. I _______________(read) that book several times. 
4. I first ________________(read) it while I was on my 
vacation last summer. 
5. I _____________________(be) in Philadelphia many 
times. 
6. Mr. Smith ________________(have) little experience 
in teaching that subject. 
7. John _________________(fall) as he was crossing 
the street. 
8. I ___________________(see) Mary a few days ago. 
9. When the bell rang, John _______________(jump) 
from his seat and _______________(run) from the 
room. 
10. I _______________(try) that restaurant again and 
again but I do not like the food there. 
11. When I was a boy, I often _________________(go) 
fishing with my father. 
12. I ___________________(complete) writing my 
exercise at last. 
13. He ______________________(start) to study Eng-
lish last winter. 
14. The day before yesterday, we 
_______________________(have) a bad storm. 
15. I hear that you ________________________(give) 
up the idea of studying Russian. 
16. I 
___________________never________________(be) at 
Radio City. 
17. It _________________________(be) very cold 
yesterday. 
18. We _________________(learn) many new words in 
this course. 
19. The First World War __________________(begin) 
in 1914 and _______________(end) in 1918. 
20.She says that she _______________(lose) her pock-
etbook. 
 
 
O present perfect é empregado para descrever um 
passado não acabado, isto é, a ação começou no pas-
sado e continua até o presente. 
He has worked here for two years. (He is still working 
here.) 
They have lived here since June. (They are still living 
here.) 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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Veja a diferença: 
He has worked here for two years. (He is still working 
here.) 
He worked here for two years. (…but he doesn’t work 
here anymore.) 
 
Questão 03 
Supply the correct tense, simple past tense or present 
perfect tense, of the verbs in parentheses. 
1. We are now living on 72nd Street where we 
_____________(live) for two years. 
2. We _______________(live) in Washington from 
1950 to 1955. 
3. Before he came to the United States, John 
_________________(work) as a carpenter. 
4. Since coming here, however, he 
__________________(work) as a clerk. 
5. My former teacher was Miss Smith. I 
_____________________(study) with her for one year. 
6. My present teacher is Mr. Jones. I 
______________________(study) with him for six 
months. 
7. It is natural that Mary speaks English well because 
she _________________(speak) English all her life. 
8. John _______________(work) hard all his life. (He 
is dead.) 
9. John __________________(work) hard all his life. 
(He is alive). 
10. Mr. Smith ___________________(leave) New York 
last month and __________(work) in Pittsburg since 
then. 
11. John, who is now in the fourth grade, 
________________(study) English for two years. 
12. I myself _____________________(study) English 
steadily since 1956. 
13. Henry, who is now in the hospital,______________________(be) there for several weeks. 
14. When I saw him, John 
____________________(feel) very well. 
15. We _________________(buy) this car two years 
ago and ____________________ (drive) it 5.000 miles 
since then. 
Up to the present time, I _______________never(be) 
___________________________further west than Chi-
cago 
 
 
INDEFINITE ARTICLE 
 
 
Questão 04 
Complete the following sentences with A or AN. 
1. It is __________lovely day. 
2. It is ________________old university. 
3. He is _________________unusual man. 
4. It is ___________exception to the rule. 
5. It is ___________long trip, but it is 
________easy trip. 
6. It is _________large library. 
7. It is __________orange. 
8. It is _______pear. 
9. He is _____honest man. 
10. She is ___________old woman. 
11. His car is _______used car. 
12. It is _____________tall tree. 
13. It is __________egg. 
14. It is ___________apple. 
15. It is __________old bus. 
16. It is ____________empty bottle. 
17. It is ________hour till lunch. 
18. It is _________ windy day. 
19. It is ______________good idea. 
20. It is _____________one-story building. 
 
 
THERE IS / THERE ARE 
 
Questão 05 
Complete the following sentences with There is or 
There are. 
1.________________a new moon tonight. 
2. _______________ someone at the door. 
3. _________________a lot of students absent today. 
4. ________________a mailbox on the corner. 
5. ________________three lamps in the room. 
6. _______________two large windows in the room. 
7. But ______________only one door. 
8. ____________a lot of English classes in our school. 
9. _____________nobody in the room now. 
10. _____________a letter on the table for you. 
11. _______________several beautiful parks in this 
city. 
12. ________________twelve months in a year. 
13. _______________only one loud in the sky. 
14. ___________no one at home. 
15. _____________dishes but on silverware on the 
table. 
16. _____________no stores in this section of town. 
 
 
Change the following sentences from affirmative to 
negative. 
1. There is a flag at the top of the building. 
2. There are two lamps in the room. 
3. There is a pillow on each bed. 
4. There are two policemen on each corner. 
5. There is a big parade today. 
6. There are several doctors in this area. 
7. There are ten new words in this lesson. 
8. There is a message for you on the hall table. 
9. There are enough chairs for everyone. 
10. There are plenty of good seats available. 
11. There is a comfortable chair in each room. 
12. There is a good restaurant near here. 
 
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13. There are telephones in every room. 
14. There are four seasons in a year. 
15. There are three syllables in each of the words. 
16. There are more than ten sentences in each ex-
ercises. 
 
Change all the sentences above to interrogative form. 
 
 
THIS / THAT 
THESE / THOSE 
 
 
Change the following sentences from singular to 
plural 
1. This exercise is easy. 
2. This room is too small for our class. 
3. That pen on the floor is John’s. 
4. This pack of cigarettes belongs to William. 
5. That boy on the other site of the street is George’s 
brother. 
6. That book is out of date. 
7. That purse on the table is Mary’s. 
8. This is my English book. 
9. That is my English book. 
10. This message is for you. 
11. That letter on the table is for Mr. Smith. 
12. This is my pen, not Henry’s. 
13. That mountain in the distance forms part of the 
Rocky Mountains. 
14. This car belongs to my father. 
15. That office at the end of the hall is the administra-
tion office. 
16. This chair is very comfortable. 
 
 
TO BE (PRESENT TENSE) 
 
Questão 06 
Supply the correct form of the present tense of to be. 
1. He ________________a good student. 
2. They _______________old friends. 
3. I_______________a student. 
4. John _______________absent from class to-
day. 
5. We ______________both students. 
6. The weather today ______good. 
7. The sky ___________clear. 
8. Henry and John ________________brothers. 
9. She and I ________________cousins. 
10. Mr. Smith ____________sick today. 
11. He ___________________a businessman. 
12. Mr. Jones _______________a lawer. 
13. Today _________________Wednesday. 
14. She and John ____________________both 
good students. 
15. The policeman on the corner 
_____________busy with the traffic. 
16. He and I ______________old friends. 
 
TO BE (NEGATIVE AND QUESTION 
FORMS) 
 
Change the following sentences from affirmative to 
negative. 
1. They are in Europe now. 
2. John is angry with you. 
3. He and she are cousins. 
4. He is very studious. 
5. Both sisters are tall. 
6. She is a clever girl. 
7. They are members of the country club. 
8. He is a good tennis player. 
9. Mr. Smith is a pilot. 
10. The sky is very cloudy today. 
11. The office of the principal is on the first floor. 
12. It is cold today. 
13. She is a tall, blonde girl. 
14. It is a good movie. 
15. The stamps are in my desk. 
16. He is in his office. 
 
Change all the sentences above to interrogative form. 
 
 
PLURAL NOUNS 
 
 
1) Change the following sentences from singular to 
plural. 
 
1. She is a good teacher. 
2. He is my cousin. 
3. The pencil is on the desk. 
4. The glass is in the kitchen. 
5. It is a new dish. 
6. He is a young man. 
7. The bus is at the corner. 
8. She is a pretty woman. 
9. The salesman is in the office. 
10. The house is on the corner. 
11. The child is in the garden. 
12. The clock is on the wall. 
13. The orange is on the table. 
14. He is a Frenchman. 
15. The watch is new. 
16. It is a good picture. 
 
 
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DEFINITE ARTICLE - THE 
 
Questão 06 
Complete com o artigo definido (THE), se for o caso: 
 
1. ___________Paul was in a hurry and left without a 
coat. 
2. __________Mary played ______piano while 
_________her friends danced _________samba. 
3. ___________green and ________yellow are 
_______colors of our country. 
4. ___________President Kennedy was assassinated in 
__________Texas. 
5. ____________Peter is catholic and goes to 
_________church every Sunday. 
6. ____________horses and ______oxen are very 
useful to man. 
7. ___________fall is a very beautiful season in the 
north of ________United States. 
8. ____________biology that I learned in school was 
very important. 
9. ______________Brazilians love soccer. 
10. _______________Jane is a pretty girl. 
11. _____________your grandmother is very old. 
12. _____________Millers are my neighbors. 
13. ______________Queen of England lives in London. 
14. ______________Doctor Brown is visiting his pa-
tients. 
15. ______________captain spoke to the soldiers. 
16. _______________captain Smith spoke to the sol-
diers. 
17. ______________Rio is a beautiful city. 
18. The stars are in ___________sky. 
19. William dances ______________tango like a pro-
fessional. 
20. ___________blind man lost his cane. 
21. I visited _________Brazil last year and I will visit 
________United Kingdon next month. 
 
b) Complete com THE apenas onde for necessário. 
a. Jake is .......... strongest man in this city. 
b. .......... sun is shining today! 
c. ............ happiness is what everybody wants. 
d. We met a Chinese man today, and ............. man told 
us that he also speaks Japanese. 
e. ....... hotel you told me about is near the train station. 
f. Every kid loves .......... ice-cream. 
g. ........... lion is a wild animal. 
h. ........ whales are mammals.i. I like this car, but look at ........ seats! 
 
c) Em que sentenças há erros? Qual a maneira correta de 
escrevê-las? 
a. I don’t like the horror movies. 
b. Look at the stars! 
c. There are the dark clouds in the sky. 
d. The Jenny is my cousin. 
e. These are the best muffins I’ve ever had! 
f. This is the her jacket. 
g. The food is necessary for our survival. 
h. Hi, Paul! How are the kids? 
i. I found the wallet in my locker today. I have no idea 
who the owner of the wallet is. 
 
 
PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS 
 
Questão 07 
Preencha os espaços em branco com o pronome posses-
sivo adequado: 
 
a) Robert went to ________hotel and his friend went to 
_________. 
b) I always wash ________hands before meals. Do you 
wash _________? 
c) Billy brushes ___________teeth after breakfast, but 
Katie doesn’t brush _________. 
d) I’m going to shine _________shoes; so let me shine 
_________too. 
e) The Hindus have _______customs and we Brazili-
ans have _________. 
f) You take care of _________bike and I’ll take care of 
___________. 
 
 
Questão 08 
Responda usando o pronome possessivo adequado: 
 
Ex: Does the guitar belong to Charles? 
 Yes, it’s his. 
 
 Do these records belong to Ann? 
 Yes, they’re hers. 
 
a) Does the house belong to Mrs White? 
b) Does the tennis racket belong to Michael? 
c) Does the bicycle belong to you? 
d) Do these books belong to you and your brother? 
e) Does the jacket belong to Mr. Backer? 
 
 
Questão 09 
Complete o diálogo a seguir com MY, MINE, YOUR, 
YOURS e OUR. 
 
Billy: “Listen, Johnny, how many times have I told you 
not to use _________pens?” 
 
Johnny: “Oh, come on, Billy! Why can’t we share 
_______things? After all, we are brothers; so what’s 
yours is ____________and what’s mine is 
__________.” 
 
 
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Billy: “No, sir! Mother bought these pens for me, so 
they’re____________.” 
 
Johnny: “But she’s __________mother too! She buys 
things for booth of us.” 
 
Billy: “Yes, but we’re so different! You don’t take care 
of __________things, and I take good care of 
________________. I never lose _________things and 
you’re always losing ____________. So don’t give me 
that line - What’s _____________is also _________ - I 
don’t want ___________things.” 
 
Johnny: “Ok, if that’s the way you want it. By the way, 
mother has just bought me a big chocolate bar. Don’t 
you touch it! It’s _________.” 
 
 
OBJECT PRONOUNS 
 
Choose the correct form. 
 
1. I often see (they, them) on the bus. 
2. She lives near. (we, us). 
3. (We, us) always walk to school together. 
4. He teaches (we, us) English. 
5. She sits near (I, me) during the lesson. 
6. I know both of (they, them) well. 
7. I always speak to (he, him) in English. 
8. What is the matter with (he, him) today? 
9. He explains the lesson to (we, us) each morn-
ing. 
10. There are some letters here for you and (I, me) 
11. We want to divide the money between (we,us) 
12. (They, them) are both Venezuelans. 
13. I know (she, her) and her sister very well. 
14. (He, him) is a very studious person. 
15. He sends (she, her) a lot of presents. 
16. He seldom speaks to (we, us) in Spanish. 
17. He looks at (she, her) all during the lesson. 
18. She always helps (I, me) with my homework. 
19. He always sits between Mary and (I,me) 
20. He wants to talk with (she, her) 
 
 
Substitute the correct object pronoun for the word 
or words in italic. 
 
1. I see Mr. Smith on the bus every morning. 
I see him on the bus every morning. 
 
2. I sit near Grace and Frances during the lesson. 
3. All the boys like Helen very much. 
4. I often see you and your sister in the school 
cafeteria. 
5. He always goes to the movies with his parents. 
6. I know both boys very well. 
7. Frank always waits for John and me after the 
lesson. 
8. He drives Helen and Grace to school every 
morning. 
9. I sit next to Henry. 
10. I also sit directly in front of Grace. 
11. He writes a lot of letters to his relatives. 
12. This book belongs to William. 
13. I know the bus driver very well. 
14. The doctor relies on his nurse in many ways. 
15. I understand my teacher, Mr. Jones, very well. 
16. He always speaks to his students in English. 
17. Everyone in our house watches television ex-
cept my brother. 
18. He sends his parents money every week. 
19. I talked to Mr. and Mrs. Nelson yesterday. 
20. He saw the girls after school. 
 
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 
 
a)Give the correct present tense form of the verb in 
parentheses. 
 
1. We (read) the newspaper in class every day. 
2. He (come) to school by bus. 
3. I always (walk) to school. 
4. The children (play) in the park every afternoon. 
5. I (eat) lunch in the cafeteria every day. 
6. Helen (work) very hard. 
7. I (like) to sit in the sun. 
8. The dog (chase) the cat around the house. 
9. Mr Smith (work) for Eastern Airlines. 
10. Helen generally (sit) at this desk. 
11. We always (play) tennis on Saturdays. 
12. He always (prepare) his homework carefully. 
13. They (eat) lunch together every day. 
14. Some girls (use) too much make-up. 
15. They (take) a lot of trips together. 
16. We always (travel) by car. 
17. They (attend) church every Sunday. 
18. He (speak) several foreign languages. 
 
 
b)Give the correct present tense form of the verb in 
parentheses. 
 
1. John (go) there twice a week. 
2. Helen (do) the work of two people. 
3. I always (try) to arrive everywhere on time. 
4. George always (try) to do the same thing. 
5. The teacher (wish) to speak with you. 
6. Mr Walker (teach) English and Mathematics. 
7. They (go) to the movies twice a week. 
8. We (watch) television every night. 
9. Mary (play) the piano very well. 
10. He (study) in the same class as I. 
11. The nurse (watch) the child in the park. 
 
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12. The mother (kiss) both boys good-bye every 
morning. 
13. I (catch) cold very often. 
14. Helen also (catch) cold very often. 
15. He (do) everything that she asks. 
16. He (carry) the books in a briefcase. 
 
 
c)Change the following sentences so that they begin 
with He instead of I. 
 
1. I Like to study - He likes to study. 
2. I work hard. 
3. I’m a good student. 
4. I own a car. 
5. I’m an American 
6. I enjoy each English class. 
7. I want to learn English. 
8. I have a new wristwatch. 
9. I speak English. 
10. I wish to learn English. 
11. I watch television every night. 
12. I pass Mr. Smith on the street every day. 
13. I always go to school by bus. 
14. I try to learn ten new words every day. 
15. I do a lot of favors for John. 
16. I play the violin very well. 
17. I have two brothers and two sisters. 
18. I always sit at this desk. 
19. I write the new words on the blackboard. 
20. I study English three times a week. 
 
 
d)Change the subject each sentence in c) to THEY. 
 
 
e) Change the subject each sentence in d) to SHE 
 
 
f) Complete the following sentences with the correct 
form of HAVE. 
 
1. They __________a new car. 
2. She ___________one sister and two brothers. 
3. He and I __________many things in common. 
4. John _____________a new wristwatch. 
5. We ___________many friends in New York. 
6. Helen _______a headache. 
7. Grace________________a date with George 
tonight. 
8. Mr. Gonzalez ________________a strong 
foreign accent. 
9. Both brothers __________a red hair. 
10. Harry’s dog ___________a long tail. 
11. Mr. Smith’s office________________three 
large windows. 
12. I __________ a charge account in Gimbel’s 
Departmente Store.13. Both children ________________bad colds. 
14. Dr. Smith______________many patients. 
15. Mr. Jones, the lawyer, _____________many 
clients. 
16. We ____________a large library at school. 
17. The secretary ________________a new com-
puter. 
18. The building ____________________two 
entrances. 
19. I _____________brown eyes. 
20. You ___________green eyes. 
 
 
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE – NEGATIVE AND 
INTERROGATIVE FORMS 
a)Change the following sentences from affirmative to 
negative. Use the contracted forms. 
 
1. I work on the tenth floor. 
2. Mary likes to study English. 
3. They speak English well. 
4. The plane leaves at ten o’clock. 
5. He knows French perfectly. 
6. I feel well today. 
7. He eats lunch in the cafeteria every day. 
8. He always comes to class late. 
9. They live in Brooklyn. 
10. We need a fan in this room. 
11. We use our books in class. 
12. I understand everything he says. 
13. She wants to visit Caracas. 
14. He begins his new job on the fifteenth. 
15. The child plays in the park every afternoon. 
16. I make mistakes in spelling. 
 
b) Change the following sentences to questions. 
 
1. She lives in Far Rockaway. 
2. They enjoy their English lessons. 
3. That company buys a lot of merchandise from 
us. 
4. It looks like rain. 
5. He drives to Washington once a week. 
6. The class meets on the tenth floor. 
7. He seems to be very busy. 
8. This book belongs to her. 
9. You like New York. 
10. You speak French well. 
11. He often goes out of town. 
12. I always take the same bus to work. 
13. They sell newspapers there. 
14. The store opens at nine o’clock. 
15. It closes at five-thirty. 
16. He smokes a lot. 
 
c) Supply DO or DOES to complete the following 
present tense questions. 
 
1. Where ____________John live? 
 
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2. How often _______ you go to the movies? 
3. What time _________ the plane leave? 
4. What language besides English __________ 
your teacher speak? 
5. What time _________ you get up every morn-
ing? 
6. What time __________ the rest of your family 
get up? 
7. Where _______________you hang your hat 
and coat during the lesson? 
8. How well __________Mary speak French? 
9. Where _______you usually meet Mary after 
the lesson? 
10. How much _______it cost to fly from New 
York to Paris? 
11. How often ___________ it rain during the 
month on April in your country? 
12. How much ____________you generally pay 
for a pair of shoes? 
13. How long _________ your lesson begin and 
what time ____________it end? 
14. What time ___________ your lesson begin and 
what time _______it end? 
15. Where _________you live? 
16. How __________you feel today? 
17. Where _______________John go every day 
after the lessons? 
18. Where ____________you eat lunch every day? 
19. What ____________you generally do over the 
weekend? 
20. Which movie star _______________you like 
best? 
21. Why ________________Helen want to study 
Russian? 
22. How often _______________you go for a walk 
in the park? 
 
d) Change the following sentences to questions be-
ginning with the question word in parentheses. 
 
1. They live in Brooklyn. (Where) 
Where do they live? 
 
2. The lesson begins at eight o’clock. (What time) 
3. They get home at six o’clock every night. 
(What time) 
4. She speaks French very well. (How well) 
5. Those books cost one dollar. (How much) 
6. They travel by car. (How) 
7. He comes here once a week. (How often) 
8. She feels well today. (How). 
9. She wants to learn English in order to get a 
better job. (Why) 
10. They meet on the corner every morning. 
(Where) 
11. We go to the movies twice a week. (How of-
ten) 
12. He goes to the park after the lesson. (Where) 
13. We learn ten new words every day. (How 
many) 
14. They eat lunch in the cafeteria. (where) 
15. He drives a Cadillac. (What kind of car) 
16. This book belongs to her. (To whom) 
17. The class meets in Room 10. (In which room) 
18. She teaches us grammar. (What) 
19. It rains in the spring. (When) 
20. He gets up at seven o’clock every morning. 
 
a)Coloque os verbos na forma correta do Simple Pre-
sent: 
 
a) The bank (open) at 10:00 A.M. and (close) at 
4:00 P. M. 
b) What time (Paul / go) to school? 
c) If the movie (start) on time, it will be over 
before 10 P.M. 
d) I have a bicycle but I (not use) it very often. 
e) A: (you/play) the guitar? 
B: yes, but I (not play) very well 
f) My uncle George (not drink) but he (smoke) a 
lot. 
g) A: (the concert / begin) at 8:00 P.M.? 
B: No, it (begin) at 9:00 P. M. 
h) A: (Tom / drive) to work every day? 
B: No, sometimes he (go) by bus. 
i) When Tony (arrive) we’ll start the game. 
 
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 
 
a) Complete the following sentences with the present 
continuous form of the verbs in parentheses: 
 
1. They __________________(wait) for us on the 
corner now. 
2. The bus __________________ (stop) for us now. 
3. Listen! I think the telephone __________(ring). 
4. I see that you ____________(wear) your new suit 
today. 
5. Look! It ______________(begin) to rain. 
6. Listen! Someone ______________(Knock) at the 
door. 
7. Please be quiet! The baby _______________(sleep). 
8. Look! The cat __________________(try) to climb 
that tall tree. 
9. Helen _________________(make) good progress in 
her studies at the present. 
10. The leaves _______________________(begin) to 
fall from the trees. 
11. John ____________________(have) lunch in the 
cafeteria now. 
12. Listen! That’s Mary who 
____________________(play) the piano. 
13. At present they ______________________(travel) 
in South America. 
14. For the time being, Mr Smith 
________________(act) as manager of this department. 
 
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15. Be careful! The teacher 
____________________(watch) you. 
16. They ___________________(have) sales in all 
the big stores now. 
 
 
b) Supply the simple present tense or the present 
continuous tense of the verbs in parentheses. 
 
1. Mr. Jones often _________________(go) out 
of town on business trips. 
2. Our class ____________________(meet) three 
times every week. 
3. Mr. Smith _____________________(teach) us 
at the present. He __________ (substitute) for Mr. 
Reese, who is our regular teacher. 
4. At nine-thirty every morning our school bell 
_____________(ring). 
5. John _______________(take) his English les-
son now. I believe that he always ___________(take) it 
at this hour. 
6. Listen! Someone _______________(Knock) at 
the door. 
7. John never _____________________(come) to 
class on time. 
8. At present they 
________________________(build) many new high-
ways in New York State. 
9. The wind always _____________(blow) hard 
in this section of town. 
10. They _____________(have) a big sale on 
shoes at Macy’s today. 
11. John seems to be very busy. I guess he 
_____________(prepare) his English lesson. 
12. I ___________________(get) up at seven 
o’clock every morning. 
13. John usually ______________(stay) in a hotel 
when he ______________(come) to town, but tonight 
he ____________________(stay) with us. 
14. The sun always __________________(rise) in 
the east. Look! It ______________(rise) now. 
15. Mr. and Mrs Smith ________________(build) 
a new home on First Avenue. 
 
c) Change the following sentences from affirma-
tive to negative and interrogative forms: 
 
1. The telephone is ringing. 
2. It is beginning to rain. 
3. The sky is getting very dark. 
4. He is working on the fourth floor at present. 
5. The maid is cleaning the roomnow. 
6. They are taking a walk in the park. 
7. They are having lunch outside. 
8. John is doing well in his studies at present. 
9. They are laughing at what you said. 
10. They are traveling in Europe at present. 
11. Helen is taking dancing lessons at the Country 
Club. 
12. The leaves are beginning to fall from the trees. 
13. All the birds are flying south. 
14. Mr. Evans is writing a series of articles on the 
economic situation. 
15. They are planning to leave for Mexico soon. 
16. He is looking for the book which he lost. 
 
d) Coloque os verbos no Present Progressive: 
 
1.What time (you/leave) tomorrow? 
2. He (always/make) the same mistakes! 
3. A: What (you/do) here? 
B: I (wait) for the bus that goes downtown 
4.Look! The dog (run) after the cat! 
5.Mary’s on a diet, that’s why she (not eat) any sweets. 
6.I (look) for a bookstore; is there one nearby? 
7.(she/study) to be a dentist? 
8.Nowadays people (become) more ecology-minded. 
 
 
e) Leia as frases seguintes observando se os ver-
bos destacados estão sendo usados corretamente. Caso 
não estejam, coloque-os na forma correta. 
 
1. Are you seeing that car near the gate? It be-
longs to my brother. 
2. Johnny is looking very much like his father. 
3. Look! Someone is calling you from across the 
street. 
4. A: Are you believing that he is telling the 
truth? 
B: No, I think that he lies. 
5. Sorry, but I’m not remembering your tele-
phone number. 
6. I think that Paul is wanting to sell his motor-
cycle, 
 
f) Use o SIMPLE PRESENT ou o PRESENT 
PROGRESSIVE, conforme o caso: 
 
1. Teacher Brown ___________________(teach) 
history in the university and, at the moment, he 
__________________(write) a biography of Rui Bar-
bosa. 
2. Please, don’t make so much noise. I 
______________(try) to study. 
3. Johnny usually 
_______________________(sit) in front row during 
class, but today he _________________(sit) in the last 
row. 
4. Mr Souza is the man who 
________________(stand) by the window and 
____________(smoke) a cigar. 
5. A:________________(you/Know) who that 
lady is? 
B: No, I ___________________(not, recognize) her. 
6. Helen ______________(go) to the hairdresser every 
Saturday, but today she _________(not, go) because she 
is too busy. 
 
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g) Complete as frases com o verbo To Be, no 
Simple Present ou no Simple Past: 
 
1 – Today the weather ____great, but last week it 
_______awful. 
2 – Tony and I _______so hungry last night! 
3 – Where _______she last night? 
4 - - __________Mike and Tom in town? 
 - I don’t think so. I called them several times this 
week, but nobody ________home. 
5 – Sonia _______ 23 last year, so now she _______24. 
6 - - Where _________your brothers? 
 - I don’t know. They __________in the pool fifteen 
minutes ago. 
7 – these shirts ________so expensive! The ones I saw 
last week ________cheaper. 
8 – Mike ______at the club this morning. Right now he 
_________in school. 
9 – Tina, Arthur and Jake __________in Paris today. 
Just yesterday they _________in Berlin. 
10 - - Oh! This tomato ______rotten! 
 - Really? It ______good yesterday. 
11 - - _________ you at the party last night? 
 - No, I ________sick. 
12 – The weather was great, but the hotel _________. It 
__________too far from the city. 
13 – Where ________Jack and Mike last night? 
 - I think Jack was home, but Mike ______out. 
14 – The stores _________open yesterday because it 
was a holiday. 
15 – Last week we had lunch at the new restaurant. The 
service _________good, but the food was excellent. 
16 - - Who ______ at the door? ______it Sarah? 
 - No, it __________Sarah, it was her brother. 
17 - - Tammy and Joanna __________ on time for the 
meeting this morning. 
 - Yes, that’s because the traffic _________realy 
awful. 
18 – Melissa’s hair ____________short last year. It’s so 
long now! 
SIMPLE PAST 
 
a)Complete as frases com WAS / WERE ou 
WASN’T / WERE’T: 
 
1 - ___________________ you at the party last night? 
 - No, I _______________sick. 
2 - The weather was great, but the hotel _____. It 
__________too far from the city. 
3 – Where _________Jack and Mike last night? 
 - I think Jack was home, but Mike _________out. 
4 – The stores _________open yesterday because it was 
a holiday. 
5 – Last week we had lunch at the new restaurant. The 
service _____good, but the food was excellent. 
6 - Who _________at the door? __________it Sarah? 
 - No, it ____________Sarah, it __________her broth-
er. 
7 – Tammy and Joanna _________on time for the meet-
ing this morning. 
 - Yes, that’s because the traffic ___________really 
awful. 
8 – Mellissa’s hair ________short last year. It’s so long 
now! 
 
b)Complete as frases com os verbos no Passado Sim-
ples. 
 
1 – Yesterday my friend Sally and I ___________(go) 
to the supermarket to buy food. We ___________(find) 
everything we ____________(Want), except my favor-
ite cookies. 
 
2 – John usually goes to school by bus, but yesterday he 
_________(Walk) because it __________(be) a beauti-
ful day. 
 
3 – When Mary and Jake _________(arrive) at the par-
ty, they _________(look) for Mike but couldn’t find 
him. 
 
4 – We _________(see) Star Wars last week. I 
_________(like) it a lot, but my friends didn’t. 
 
5 – My TV __________(be) broken last week, so I 
__________(read) all my magazines in my free time. 
 
6 – Janet ________(make) three delicious dishes for 
lunch last Saturday. We _______(eat) all the food – 
there was nothing left. 
 
7 – Tony and Tim _________(play) basketball as chil-
dren. Tim also ___________(study) French and piano. 
 
8 – I ____________(lose) my wallet yesterday, but 
thankfully a girl from my school _________(find) it and 
__________(give) me a call. 
 
9 – Where Monica and Sandra ___________(be) chil-
dren, they ________(have) three dogs and a bird. They 
_________(live) in a farm, so the dogs 
__________(have) a lot of space to play. 
 
10 – We ____________(watch) the entire game yester-
day. It ________ (be) a great game, but in the end our 
team ________(lose). 
 
11 – Tom ________(win) a big prize yesterday at a 
spelling contest. He ________(have) to spell thirty 
different words. 
 
12 – This skirt _____________(be) very expensive – it 
________(cost) forty dollars, but only because the store 
______________(give) me a discount of ten dollars! 
 
 
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13 – Sara ________(run) three miles yesterday, and 
later she _________________(work out) for another 
hour at the gym. 
 
14 – I _____________(think) a lot about what you 
________(tell) me, and I ___________(decide) to join 
the Enghish course. 
 
15 – We _________(grow up) in Wisconsin. We 
________(move) to New York just a few months ago. 
 
16 – Mike __________(drive) to the mall as night but it 
____________(be) too late: it ___________(be) closed. 
 
17 – Jordan and I __________(leave) the party early 
because we still ________(have) some homework to do. 
 
18 – I __________(sleep) for nine hours last night. I 
_________(be) very tired because the day before I 
________________(exercise) for three hours. 
 
19 – Jack ________(sell) his old car and 
__________(buy) a bigger one. 
 
20 – I __________(meet) my friends at the restaurant. 
We ___________(have) lunch and them _________(go) 
to the movies. 
 
21 – Tina ________(pay) for the groceries in cash be-
cause the cashier _______(tell)her she couldn’t accept 
checks. 
 
22 – Jonathan ________________(teach) English for 
ten years. After that, he _______(open) his own school. 
 
23 – When I __________(throw) the ball to Sally, she 
_______(catch) it but _______________(fall down). 
 
24 – Mike __________(lend) us his car for the day. We 
________(have) a great time at the beach. 
 
25 – Jake ___________(say) that the television 
_________(be) cheap, but it actually __________(cost) 
almost 200 dollars. 
26 – I __________(put) the keys on the table this morn-
ing. Where are they now? 
 
27 – Everybody _____________(sing) at the karaoke 
last night! When we _________(get) home, it 
___________(be) already 2 o’clock in the morning. 
 
28 – I ____________(spend) a lot of money last week, 
so this weekend I didn’t go out: I 
______________(stay) home all the time. 
 
29 – We __________(drive) all the way to São Paulo 
last Saturday. When we ________(get) there we 
_____________(visit) some friends and then 
________(go) shopping. 
 
30 – Somebody _________(steal) my bike yesterday, so 
this morning I ___________(take) the bus to school. 
 
31 – I _________(hear) what you _________(say), but I 
think you’re wrong. 
 
32 – We __________(eat) at our friend’s house yester-
day. Later, we all _________(help) them with the clean-
ing. 
 
33 – Last time I ____________(fly) to Los Angeles, I 
_________(sit) beside a famous artist and we 
_____________(talk) for hours. 
 
34 – I _________(send) you an e-mail this morning. Did 
you receive it? 
 _ I ___________(get) it. I ___________(write) you 
an answer about ten minutes ago. 
 
35 – When I _________(leave) to school this morning, I 
__________(forget) to shut the front door, so 
_____________(come) home it ________(be) open. 
 
 
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 
 
Supply the proper form, adjective or adverb, in the 
following sentences. 
 
17. He always does his homework ________________ 
(careful) 
18. He is a very __________________ (careful) student. 
19. Come _______________(quick). We need your 
help. 
20. You should drive more _____________ (slow) 
along this road. 
21. The old man walks very ______________. (slow). 
22. Helen is a very _______________(slow) student. 
23. Her brother, on the other hand, learns 
______________. (rapid) 
24. Mr. Gonzalez has a ___________ (permanent) visa. 
25. He hopes to remain in this country 
______________(permanent). 
26. This is an ___________(easy) exercise. 
27. I can do all of these exercises 
__________________(easy). 
28. Helen works very _________________ (hard) in her 
new job. 
29. You walk very _______(fast). 
30. They are both _____________(serious) students. 
31. They both study English very 
_______________(serious). 
32. I agree with you _____________ (complete) in that 
matter. 
33. This apple is very _______________(soft) 
34. She always speaks __________________ (soft) to 
the child. 
 
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35. Helen is a _____________(beautiful) girl. 
36. Her sister plays the violin 
________________(beautiful). 
 
WALKING IN THE RAIN 
1 – Just walking in the rain 
2 – Getting soaking wet 
3 – Tortured in my heart 
4 – By trying to forget 
5 – Just walking in the rain 
6 – So alone and blue 
7 – All because my heart 
8 – Still remembers you 
9 – People come to their windows 
10 – They always stare at me 
11 – Shaking their hands in sorrow 
12 – Saying “who can that fool be?” 
13 – Just walking in the rain 
14 – Thinking how we met 
15 – And knowing things have changed 
16 - Somehow I can’t forget 
 
Read the text above to answer questions 1, 2 and 3. 
 
1) In the 6th line, “blue” mens: 
a) amazed 
b) sad 
c) nice 
d) dirty 
e) happy 
 
 
2) In the 11th line, if people “shake their hands in 
sorrow” this mean people are: 
a) sorry for me 
b) laughing at me 
c) waving at me 
d) trusting me 
e) scaring me 
 
 
3) In the 15
th
 line, “things have changed” most likely 
because: 
a) it’s the end of the affair 
b) it’s raining 
c) he’s torturing himself 
d) it’s difficult to forget 
e) it’s easy to find 
 
4) Choose the alternatives that best completes the fol-
lowing statement: 
______Pedro’s sister doesn’t play ____ tennis, but she 
plays __drums and _____piano. 
a) The, the, the , -x- 
b) –x- , the, -x-, the 
c) –x-, -x-, the, the 
d) the, the, -x-, -x- 
e) the, -x-, the , the 
 
 
5) Choose the alternative which contains an error in the 
use of A or AN: 
a) an honest girl 
b) a nice table 
c) an egg 
d) an university 
e) a boy 
 
 
6) What is the interrogative form of the following sen-
tence: 
She always goes home by car. 
a) Do she always go home by car? 
b) Does she always go home by car/ 
c) Does she always goes home by car? 
d) Do she always goes home by car? 
e) Does always she go home by car? 
 
 
7) Choose the missing words to complete the following 
dialogue: 
Maria: __________you have any brothers and sisters/ 
João: Yes, I have two sisters and one brother. 
Maria: What _____your brother do? 
João: He _______in a factory 
Maria: What about your sisters. 
João: They _______work. They _students. 
 
a) do, does, woks, don’t, are 
b) does, do, works, doesn’t, are 
c) do, does, work, don’t, is 
e) do, does, works, doesn’t, are 
f) do, do, work, don’t, are 
 
 
8) Which alternative contains the best answer to the 
following sentence: 
Come and see me __________Wednesday __nine 
o’clock _________the morning 
a) in, at, on 
b) in, in, on 
c) on, at, in 
d) in, on, in 
e) an, in, at 
 
9) Choose the correct answer according to the posses-
sive case: 
This is the Smith family. ____________is the nice 
young lady over there. 
a) Peter, Jane and Martha’s mother 
b) Peter’s, Jane’s and Martha’s mother 
c) Peter, Jane and Martha mother’s 
d) The mother’s of Peter, Jane and Martha 
e) Peter’s the mother of Jane’s and Martha’s 
 
10) Choose the correct alternative 
Here are the toys! ____________is yours? 
 
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a) whose 
b) which 
c) who 
d) whom 
e) what 
 
11) Choose the alternative that translates the sentence 
correctly 
Salvador is the happiest city in Brazil. 
a) Salvador é uma cidade feliz do Brasil 
b) Salvador é uma cidade lagre do Brasil 
c) Salvador é a cidade mais alegre do Brasil 
d) Salvador é uma cidade do Brasil alegre 
e) Salvador é uma cidade bastante alegre do Brasil 
 
12) Choose the correct alternative: 
 _______________when he ____________. 
a) was studing / arrived 
b) was studying / opened the door. 
c) were studying / opens the door 
d) was studying / arrives 
e) were studying / arrived 
 
13) which is the right alternative to complete “The Her-
ald is _______________nwspaper in this country”? 
a) the importantest 
b) the more important 
c) the less important 
d) the importanter 
e) the most important 
 
14) Which alternative completes correctly the sentence 
“Raphael usually _________a good book, but at the 
present moment he __________TV”? 
a) had read , was watching 
b) reads, watch 
c) reads, is watching 
d) read, watched 
e) is reading, is watching 
 
15) Point out the alternative which fills correctly the 
dialogue below: 
A: ______ are these three kids? 
B: They are my children, sir. 
a) who 
b) which 
c) how 
d) why 
e)what 
 
16) The right plural form for ”Why does a bee fuss 
about so much when it flies?” is: 
a) Why do bees fusses about so much when they fly?b) Why does bees fuss about so much when they flys? 
c) Why do bees fuss about so much when they flies? 
d) Why do bees fuss about so much when they fly? 
e) Why does bees fuss about so much when they fly? 
 
17) In which of the following alternatives are the ad-
verbs in their correct position? 
a) In the town hall she sang perfectly last night 
b) She sang in the town hall last night perfectly 
c) Last night she perfectly sang in the town hall 
d) She perfectly sang in the town hall last night 
e) She sang in the town hall perfectly last night 
 
18) The right form to complete “Take it easy, Jack! You 
do not have to work so ________.” Is: 
a) hardly 
b) harder 
c) hard 
d) hardest 
e) hardlier 
 
19) Which is the right alternative to fill in the blank in 
“They were told to empty ________pockets.”? 
a) they 
b) their 
c) them 
d) theirs 
e) their’s 
 
20) Choose the alternative that best completes the dia-
logue below: 
 Emy: Do you always get good marks on 
____examinations? 
Thais: Yes, I do. I guess it’s because I do 
_______homework assignments and study a little every 
day. 
Emy: how about Anne? Are ____________grades good, 
too? 
Thais: Yes, she’s very bright and enjoys studying much 
A0 your, my, hers 
b) you, me, yours 
c) your, mine, yours 
d) your, my, her 
e) you, my, hers 
 
 
FIRST TEST REVIEW 
 
1) Mark the correct item with an X: 
 
a) This is number __________. 60 
A - ( ) six 
B - ( ) sisteen 
C - ( ) sixth 
D – ( ) sixty 
 
b) 50 + 50 = 100 (_____) 
A – ( ) a hundred 
B – ( ) eigthy 
C – ( ) fifty 
D – ( ) ninety 
 
 
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c) “Sugar, Larry?” “No, thanks. There’s 
_________ sugar in may coffee” 
A ( ) absent 
B ( ) enough 
C ( ) good 
D ( ) never 
 
d) These dresses are so beautiful. Please help me 
to _______ one. 
A( ) choose 
B( ) cost 
C( ) smell 
D( )give 
 
 
2) Complete these sequences: 
 
a) ten, ______________, _______________, 
__________, ________________, sixty, _______, 
_________________________, ninety, 
__________________ 
 
b) fifteen, thirty, ____________________, 
__________________, seventy-five, _____________. 
 
c) First, ___________, ___________________, fourth, 
__________________, ___________, seventh, 
_______________, ________________, tenth. 
 
 
3)Complete with one of these prepositions: at, in, for, 
to or with: 
 
a) It’s time to go ________school, Mike. 
b) This present is ______ you, mon. 
c) The Gordons are ___________home now. 
d) We have English classes ________________ the 
afternoon. 
e) Peggy is studying math ______________Joe. 
 
4) Complete with HOW MUCH or HOW MANY: 
 
a) _________________ sugar is there in the house? 
b) ____________________money do you hace? 
c) ___________________________milk shakes is 
Mike buying? 
d) ____________________does the talcum powder 
cost? 
e) _____________________students are absent today? 
 
 
5) Spell out the time: 
 
a) 2:00 – 
b) 4:45 – 
c) 7:30 – 
d) 12:05 – 
e) 9:15 – 
f) 6:20 – 
 
 
6) Write these sentences in the singular: 
 
a) These cars are big. 
b) Those T-shirts are brown. 
c) These students are leaving the classroom. 
d) We like to play on the beach. 
e) They buy their clothes at Marci’s 
f) They never use perfume. 
g) These boys don’t have any sisters. 
 
 
7) Insert the correct form of the Presente Tense of the 
verbs in parentheses. 
 
a) Jane __________to school at seven o’clock. (go) 
b) _______________in the morning? ( Mike, study) 
c) Candy ________________ talcum powder (not, use) 
d) This dress _____________forty dollars (cost) 
e) We _____________ to drink milk very much (like) 
f) My sister never __________________milk. (drink) 
g) I __________________________________where 
Peggy is now. (not, know) 
h) _____________________________a hot dog, Jane? 
(you, want) 
 
SECOND TEST REVIEW 
 
1. Complete: 
a) The opposite of HOT is _________ 
b) Today is December 1st. _________________will be 
December 2
nd
. 
c) There are seven days in a _________________. 
d) “Autumn” is a synonym for 
_____________________. 
e) The ordinal number corresponding to “3” is 
___________ 
f) The feminine equivalent of UNCLE is ___________ 
g) The number that comes ater NINETY-NINE is 
________________ 
h) The opposite of NEVER is __________________ 
 
2) Complete these sequences: 
a) morning, _____________, 
_____________________, night. 
b) Sunday, ____________________, Tuesday, 
_____________________, _________________, Fri-
day, _____________________ 
c) Spring, _________________, fall, 
__________________ 
 
3) Complete with HOW MANY or HOW MUCH: 
a) ______________________________rice do 
we have in the house? 
b) ______________________seasons are there? 
c) _________________________________is the 
popcorn? 
 
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d) __________________________purses does 
your mother have? 
 
4) Complete with one of these prepositions: AT, IN 
or ON 
a) My brother is very good __________soccer 
b) I usually go to the club 
_________________Saturdays. 
c) Candy ins’t ____________home now. She’s 
____school. 
d) It’s usually very hot here 
____________summer. 
e) Do you study ________ the morning? 
f) We’re going to bee _________vacation next 
week. 
 
5) Complete with WHY, WHEN, WHAT or 
WHICH: 
a) ________________will summer begin? In 
December. 
b) ________________do you do on Sundays? 
c) _______________do you get up early? Be-
cause my first class is at seven. 
d) _________ dress do you want, the blue one or 
the red one? 
 
6) Spell out the time: 
a) 11:00 
b) 12:30 
c) 1:15 
d) 7:45 
e) 3:25 
f) 4:40 
 
7) Write these sentences in the plural. 
a) This is Joe’s sister. 
b) That leaf is yellow. 
c) I like to ski 
d) This boy studies in the morning. 
e) She does her exercise in her notebook 
f) He is leaving the classroom now 
g) This purse costs six dollars. 
 
 
8) Find the correct pairs: 
(1) Can you go to the club today? 
(2) Does Joe like to ski? 
(3) Do you want some popcorn? 
(4) What day is today? 
(5) Which season does Peggy prefer? 
(6) Will you call me tomorrow? 
(7) What are you going to do this evening? 
(8) Where do you go on Sundays? 
 
( ) Yes, I do 
( ) She prefers summer 
( ) I’m going to watch TV 
( ) I go to the beach 
( ) Yes, he does. 
( ) Yes, I will 
( ) Yes, I can 
( ) It’s Thursday. 
 
9) Put A or AN 
a) That’s _____________lovely blouse! 
b) This is __old car 
c) It’s _________blue coat 
d) It’s ____nice dress 
e) Look at this dog. It’s _________ animal. 
f) Look at this cat. It’s ________ beautiful ani-
mal. 
g) He is ____________ ungly man 
h) Is it ____orange tie? 
 
10) Use the Simple Present or The Present Progres-
sive. 
a) Professor Almeida __________(teach) history 
in the university and, at the moment, he ___________ 
(write) a biography of Rui Barbosa. 
b) Please, don’t make so much noise. I 
___________(try) to study now. 
c) Johnny usually _________(sit) in the front row 
during class, but today he _______(sit) in the last row. 
d) Mr Souza is the man who __________(stand) 
by the window and ___________(smoke) a cigar. 
e) Peggy: ___________(you / know) who that 
lady is? 
Sally: No, I ____________(not, recognize) her. 
f) Helen ____________(go) to the hairdresser every 
Saturday, but today she ________(not go) because she 
is toobusy. 
 
 
THIRD TEST REVIEW 
 
3) Mark the correct item with na X: 
 
e) Are _________________Bill? 
A - ( ) he 
B - ( ) I 
C - ( ) she 
D – ( ) you 
 
f) __________is tired. 
A – ( ) he 
B – ( ) I 
C – ( ) you 
D – ( ) We 
 
g) “Is Peggy tired?” “Yes, ___________is” 
A ( ) he 
B ( ) she 
C ( ) it 
D ( ) you 
 
d)”__________ is your cat, Bill?” “He’s at home.” 
A ( ) How 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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B ( ) What 
C ( ) Where 
D ( ) Who 
 
e)“______________is she?” “She’s Sally” 
A ( ) How 
B ( ) What 
C ( ) Where 
D ( ) Who 
 
f)”_________________are you?””Fine, thank’s” 
A ( ) How 
B ( ) What 
C ( ) Where 
D ( ) Who 
 
g) What’s your mom’s name? ____________ name is 
Jean. 
A ( ) Her 
B ( ) His 
C ( ) My 
D ( ) Your 
 
h) Who is Bill’s mom? _________________mom is 
Sally 
A( ) Her 
B ( ) His 
C ( ) My 
D ( ) Your 
 
i) Are you afraid __________ cats, Vicky? 
A ( ) at 
B ( ) in 
C ( ) of 
D ( ) to 
 
j) ___________books are there here? There are two. 
A ( ) How many 
B ( ) How much 
C ( ) What time 
D ( ) Where 
 
l) ___________is it, Dad? It’s two o’clock 
A ( ) How many 
B ( ) How much 
C ( ) What time 
D ( ) Where 
 
m) What’s that? It’s _____eraser 
A ( ) a 
B ( ) the 
C ( ) an 
D ( ) a the 
 
n) What’s Peggy __________? She’s reading. 
A ( ) brushing 
B ( ) combing 
C ( ) coming 
D ( ) doing 
 
o) Stop ________________, Mike. 
A ( ) sing 
B ( ) will sing 
C ( ) sang 
D ( ) singing 
 
p) Go ____________ bed, Cathy. 
A ( ) at 
B ( ) to 
C ( ) in 
D ( ) of 
 
q) Robert is talking _______ his mom. 
A ( ) at 
B ( ) to 
C ( ) in 
D ( ) of 
 
 
4) Complete these definitions: 
a) The opposite of _____________ is “there”. 
b) ______________________________is the opposite 
of “stand up”. 
c) ____________ is a synonym for “OK”. 
 
3)Complete with am, are or is: 
a) Bill ___________ there 
b) I ______ tired. 
c) “____________you VickY? Yes, I __________ 
d) Whait ___________your name? 
e) __________you tired? 
f) jean ________ my neighbor. 
g) My cat ______ at home. 
h) “Who __ you?” “I _________Vicky” 
i)”How __________ your mom?” “Fine, thank’s” 
j) Bill and Mike __________ neighbors. 
 
 
4) Complete with I, you, he, it, they or she: 
a) Is your mom at home? Yes, ______is. 
b) Are you tired, Peter? Yes, ___________am. 
c) Is Mike there? Yes, _________is. 
d) _____________am Mike. Who are ________? 
e) Peggy is there. __________is tired. 
f) Where is Carl? ___________ is there. 
g) Where are the children? ______________are in the 
yard. 
h) That’s mom’s hat. ________________is a beautiful 
hat. 
i) Where is your dress? _________is here. 
j) How is your dad? _________is fine. 
 
 
5) Complete with my, your, his or her: 
a) Is this ________ dress or Peggy’s dress? 
b) I am Vicky. ________name is Vicky Burton. 
c) Is Bill’s cat there? No, ________ cat is in the yard. 
 
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d) Is this Mrs Burton’s hat? No, it’s not 
________________ hat. It’s Sally’s hat. 
e) Is Vicky’s dress beautiful? Oh, yes! __________dress 
is so beautiful. 
f) Where is ________cat? My cat is in the yard. 
g) Is that Mr Burton’s suit? No, it’s not ____________ 
suit. 
 
 
6) Read this text: 
Commentator: Hi, Miss Adams. How are you? 
Miss Adams: Fine, thank’s. 
Commentator: Where are the children/ 
Miss Adams: Mike is in the yard and Peggy is at 
home. 
Commentator: Are they Bill and Vicky? 
Miss Adams: Yes, they are. They’re my neighbors. 
 Come here, Vicky. 
 Is this yoyr dress? 
Vicky: No, it’s mom dress. 
Miss Adams: Oh, it’s beautiful. Is this your mom’s 
hat? 
Vicky: Yes, it’s her hat. 
Miss Adams: You are so beautiful, Vicky. 
Vicky: Thank you, Miss Adams. 
 
a) If the sentence is tru mark it with a T. If it is false 
mark it with an F. 
Miss Adams is fine. ( ) 
Peggy and Mike are in the yard. ( ) 
Vicky and Bill are Miss Adams’ neighbors. ( ) 
Vicky’s dress is beautiful. ( ) 
Vicky is so beautiful! ( ) 
 
b) Answre these questions about the text: 
 
How is Miss Adams? 
Is Mike in the yard? 
And Peggy? Where is she? 
Are Vicky and Bill Miss Adams’ neighbors? 
 
7) Insert A or AN where is necessary. If not nec-
essary mark with an X: 
a) This is ___________yard. 
b) There’s ________apple here. 
c) Vicky and Peggy are ________children. 
d) What is this? It’s ____________eraser. 
e) There’s _________egg in Bill’s school-bag. 
f) This is __________black pen. 
g) Vicky’s _____________school-bag is big. 
 
8) Complete with there is, there are, is there or are 
there: 
a) _________________three pens in his school-
bag. 
b) __________________a ruler in your school-
bag? 
c) _______________ a cat in the yard. 
d) ____________________two lions at the zoo? 
e) _________________ an apple here? 
f) ________________two children in the yard. 
 
 
9)Complete wit at , in, of or to: 
a) Are you afraid ______lions? 
b) Mrs Miller is _____ home. 
c) Peggy’s cat is _______the yard. 
d) Go ______ school, Bill! 
e) What’s _________your school-bag? 
f) Let’s go ________Sally’s home. 
 
10) Complete with the Present Continuous Tense of the 
verbs in brackets: 
a) I ________________________a book (read) 
b) Dad _____________________ a letter. (write) 
c) What ______________ your mom 
_____________? (do) 
d) Bill _________________________his teeth; 
He ___________________ his hair (Not, brush / Comb) 
e) _________you _____________your teeth? 
(brush) 
f) The children _________________ in the yard. (sing) 
g) Jean ______________________to Sally ( talk) 
h) We _______________________Vicky’s cat 
(wash) 
i) I _________________my exercises; I 
_________________ a book (not, do / read) 
j) _____________she ________________her face? 
 
 
11) Complete with the correct form of the ver “to have”: 
a) I ___________ two ballons. My ballons are red. 
b) ________you _____ a car? 
c) _______ you _____ a ruler? Yes, I do 
d) She _______ a pen. 
e) _____________he have a yellow car? 
 
 
12) What time is it? 
8:30 
5:45 
3:10 
7:15 
6:30 
9:45 
4:10 
10:05 
2:30 
1:15 
 
 
13)Rewrite these sentences in the negative and interrog-
ative forms: 
 
a) Peggy has a blue dress. 
 
b) I will travel to Europe next year. 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
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343 
 
c) I wrote a letter yesterday. 
 
d) Bill is eating a chocalate bar. 
 
e) I have four classes today. 
 
f) Macy’s is a large department store. 
 
g) Peggy is going to watch TV this afternoon. 
 
g) The students are leaving the classroon. 
 
h) You have enough money for a snack. 
 
i) They go to school by bus. 
 
j) Mike and jane like hot dogs. 
 
 
FINAL TEST REVIEW 
 
5) Mark the correct item with an X: 
 
h) I have_________ yellow ball. 
A - ( ) a 
B - ( ) an 
C - ( ) the 
D – ( ) to 
 
i) Do you have__________apple in your school-bag?. 
A - ( ) a 
B - ( ) an 
C -( ) the 
D – ( ) to 
 
j) __________________is in the garage. 
A ( ) Mr Burton 
B ( ) Mr Burtons 
C ( ) Mr Burton’s 
D ( ) Mr Burtons' 
 
d)”__________ is his mom. 
A ( ) Cathy 
B ( ) Cathys 
C ( ) Cathy’s 
D ( ) Cathys’ 
 
e) Sally is talking ________Jean now. 
A ( ) at 
B ( ) in 
C ( ) to 
D ( ) on 
 
f) Bill is sitting _________________the floor. 
A ( ) at 
B ( ) in 
C ( ) to 
D ( ) on 
 
g) They’re going _______________the zoo now. 
A ( ) at 
B ( ) in 
C ( ) to 
D ( ) on 
 
h) Oh, I’m so afraid __________that lion! 
A ( ) at 
B ( ) in 
C ( ) to 
D ( ) of 
i) Are your neighbors _________ home now? 
A ( ) at 
B ( ) in 
C ( ) of 
D ( ) to 
 
j) I have five ________________. 
A ( ) candies 
B ( ) pieces of candy 
 
l) Come on Mike! It’s ___________ to go to the super-
market. 
A ( ) half 
B ( ) o’clock 
C ( ) quarter 
D ( ) time 
 
m) We’re combing our _______________now. 
A ( ) hair 
B ( ) head 
C ( ) mouth 
D ( ) teeth 
 
n) What’s is he ________________? He’s reading. 
A ( ) brushing 
B ( ) combing 
C ( ) coming 
D ( ) doing 
 
o) Vicky is _________________her teeth now. 
A ( ) brushing 
B ( ) closing 
C ( ) combing 
D ( ) playing 
 
p) ______________a tree in Bill’s yard. 
A ( ) Have 
B ( ) Is 
C ( ) There are 
D ( ) There is 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
TEL: (61) 4102-8485/4102-7660 
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344 
 
6) Mark with an X the item that BEST comple-
ments the sentence given: 
a) Let’s go to the zoo, Bill. 
A ( ) All right, wash it now. 
B ( ) Come on, Kick! 
C ( ) Ok, buy it now. 
D ( ) That’s a good idea. 
 
b) Where is your hair? 
A ( ) It is in our eyes. 
B ( ) It is in our head. 
C ( ) It is on our head 
D ( ) It is on our teeth. 
 
 
c) Is that Mr Burton’s hat? 
A ( ) Yes, it’s her hat. 
B ( ) Yes, it’s his hat 
C ( ) Yes, it’s their hat. 
D ( ) Yes, it’s your hat. 
 
 
3)Complete: 
What time is it? 
a) 8:15 
b) 7:10 
c) 3:45 
d) 9:30 
e) 6:15 
f) 5:30 
g) 1:05 
h) 10:00 
i) 9:45 
 
4) Insert the Present Continuous Tense of the verbs in 
brackets: 
a) Mrs Burton ______________a book now (read) 
b) Vicky _____________________her dolls. (wash) 
c) We _________________soccer; we’re doing our 
exercises. (not; play) 
d) _________________you _________________your 
teeth, Bill? (brush). 
e) Mike _______________________the broom to Bill. 
(give) 
f) Mr Burton ___________________________a piece 
of chocolate; he’s eating an apple. (not; eat) 
 
 
5) Write the ordinal numbers in full. 
1
st
 
2
nd
 
3
rd
 
4
th
 
6
th
 
7
th
 
8
th
 
10
th
 
 
 
6) Complete the sentences with HOW MUCH or HOW 
MANY: 
a) ______________________classes do you have 
today? 
b) ____________________ time do you have? 
c) ____________________students are absent 
today? 
d) ___________________white shirts does Joe 
have? 
e) ___________________is a ham sandwich? 
It’s one dollar. 
f) ____________________rice do we have in the house? 
g) ________________________blue pens does 
your sister have? 
 
 
7) Write these sentences in the interrogative and nega-
tive forms: 
a) I play tennis at the club on Saturdays. 
Int – 
Neg – 
 
b) We study math on Mondays 
Int 
Neg 
 
c)The Gordons shop at Macy’s 
Int 
Neg 
 
k) You buy your clothes at the department store. 
Int 
Neg 
 
e) I know that girl’s name. 
Int 
Neg 
 
f) Susan helps me to do my exercises. 
Int 
Neg 
 
 
g) She likes talcum powder 
Int 
Neg 
 
 
h) Joe and Mike go to the club on Saturdays. 
Int 
Neg 
 
 
i) This perfume smells good. 
Int 
Neg 
 
 
 
INGLÊS 
 
TEL: (61) 4102-8485/4102-7660 
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345 
 
j) Candy and Mike go to bed at eleven o’clock. 
Int 
Neg 
 
8) Fill in with the Present tense of the verb in parenthe-
ses. 
a) _________________with your sister? (you, study) 
b) ______________________________a bus to go to 
school? (Joe and Peggy; take) 
c) _______________very well (I, swim) 
d) Mike _____________________at that school over 
there. (study) 
e) Joe _______________to drink coke (like) 
f) Peggy ______________to school at seven o’clock. 
(go) 
g) ____________________ to school at five o’clock? 
(Mike, leave) 
h) __________________________very well. (Candy, 
swim, not) 
 
9)Complete with one of these prepositions: AT, IN , 
FOR or ON 
 
g) My brother is very good __________soccer 
h) I usually go to the club 
_________________Saturdays. 
i) Candy ins’t ____________home now. She’s 
____school. 
j) It’s usually very hot here ____________summer. 
k) Do you study ________ the morning? 
l) We’re going to be _________vacation next week. 
m) Are you afraid ______lions? 
n) Mrs Miller is _____ home. 
o) Peggy’s cat is _______the yard. 
p) Go ______ school, Bill! 
q) What’s _________your school-bag? 
r) Let’s go ________Sally’s home. 
 
 
10) Write the opposite of these words: 
a) new – 
b) big - 
c) always – 
d) early – 
e) before – 
 
 
11) Complete these sentences using the future with 
GOING TO 
a) I _____________________________English on 
Monday morning. (study) 
b) Our first class 
___________________________history (be) 
c) We ________________________________some 
new clothes next week. (buy) 
d) Mr Miller _________________________the build-
ings under construction next Thursday. (visit) 
e) Candy and Mike ___________________________ 
their exercises in the living room (do). 
f) ________________Mike and Jane 
_______________________a bus to go to school? 
(take) 
g) What time _________Joe __________________his 
French exercise? (do) 
 
12) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the Past 
Tense of the verb TO BE. 
a) Where _________Joe last night? 
b) ____________________the movie good? 
c) ____________your last car big or small? 
d) ___________your friends at the party? 
e) Mom ________________ at home yesterday morn-
ing. (not) 
f) A lot of students _____________absent from last 
class. 
g) My math exercises ____________ very good (not) 
h) I __________on Uncle Sam’s farm last July. 
i) Brenda and Jane ________________at Joe’s party 
last Sunday. 
j) The tomatoes ______________very fresh. (not) 
l) _____________yesterday a school holiday? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AGORA, ALUNO, VÁ À LUTA!!!