cultures and organizations

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Cultures
and
Organizations
Vídeos Darcy Ribeiro
O povo brasileiro – matriz tupi – Darcy ribeiro
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-du4gtIutn8
O povo brasileiro – matriz lusa – Darcy ribeiro
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kLJ8mmHbKo
O povo brasileiro – matriz africana – Darcy ribeiro
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwj1GBEYr_s
ABORDAGEM HISTÓRICO CULTURAL
Culture:
Web of signs and symbols that connects people, analysed in 
na interpretative perspective – the creative legacy the
orientes and constrains social groups
(Clifford Geertz)
Any object / product / sign / idea constructed by menkind
(Vygotsky).
Culture
Identity (ies)
Value (es)
Signs and meanings
Rules
Relatively Static
Relatively Dynamic
Material and Imaterial Culture
Formal and informal Culture
Culture became possible only when man developed an oral 
communication system to access the ancestral knowledge associated
with the ability to :
Observe
Inquire
Create
All men have the anatomical equipment to create, but each individual 
uses this equipment differently to learn from the cultural patterns of
the group to which he belongs . 
Culture
As evolution (darwinism)
Cultura as a caraceristic (English and French perspectives in 
1800)
Culture as a contexto to be interpreted (Clifford Geertz)
Culture as a collective construction (Morgan)
Culture as invention and immagination (critical perspectives)
How do cultures shape performance management in Brazil?
The culture of an organization can be understood as the process of construction of
reality that allows people to observe and understand events, actions, objects, 
expressions and particular situations in different ways. Such construction must be
considered a continuous, proactive process of construction of reality, through
which each employee represents and recreates for himself his reality, inserted in 
the organization (symbolic web). Organization as a system of common meanings
shared among employees implies recognition of each employee's beliefs and
perceptions about the organization. In this way, organizational structure, rules, 
policies, objectives, goals, missions, job descriptions and standard operating
procedures perform, similarly, interpretative functions in each employee, 
according to their perceptions and judgments (COELHO, 2003).
Transnational Cultures- Geert Hofstede (1980 – IBM)
CULTURAL DIMENSIONS
Investigates IBM subsidiaries in 80 countries
6 constructs
1. Power Distance
It expresses how individuals with less power accept an unequal power
distribution. A high level of power distance reveals that people with less power
accept more unequal distributions of power. A low level of power distance
indicates that people with less power do not accept unequal distributions of
power and need justification for such inequalities.
2. Individualism x Collectivism
A high level of individuality defines that individuals expect each to care for their
lives and careers. A low level individualism, ie, high collectivism indicates that the
individual expects the group to 'care', 'orient', 'support' their personal
development. The self-image of the individual is defined by 'I' or 'we’.
3. Masculine x Feminine
Masculinity represents a preference for competitiveness, success, heroism, 
assertiveness and material reward for performance. Femininity (low masculinity) 
represents a preference for cooperation, modesty, care for the weak, quality of
life, and orientation towards consensus.
4. Uncertainty Avoidance
It expresses the degree that members of a group feel uncomfortable with
uncertainty and ambiguity. How much a society accepts the fact that the future is
uncertain, and how much it invests to control the possibilities of the future.
5. Long Term Orientation
A high level of long-term orientation represents societies that invest in preparation 
for future scenarios and encouragement for (pragmatic) challenges. A low level of 
long-term orientation represents societies oriented towards traditions and norms 
and perceives social transformations with suspicion (normative). 
6. Indulgency x Contetion (research after 2000)
High level of indulgence represents a society that allows
freedom, free gratification, celebration of life, fun. A low level
of indulgence represents a more contained society, which
represses gratification and is regulated by rigid social norms. 
Geert Hofstede
(1980)
https://geert-
hofstede.com/national-
culture.html