Língua Inglesa Gramatica e apliação Slide 1 2019

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Unidade I 
 
 
 
 
LÍNGUA INGLESA: GRAMÁTICA E APLICAÇÃO 
 
 
 
Profa. Silvana Rocha 
Língua Inglesa: Gramática e Aplicação 
Esta disciplina tem como objetivos: 
 levar o aluno a reconhecer e a produzir estruturas básicas da 
língua inglesa por meio do estudo das estruturas gramaticais; 
 levar o aluno a desenvolver a escrita e a leitura em língua 
inglesa; 
 
 
 
 
Figura: https://www.google.com.br/search?q=escrever+fotos&rlz=1C1GGGE_pt 
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Língua Inglesa: Gramática e Aplicação 
Continuação: 
 ensinar as regras formais da Língua Inglesa e sua utilização 
nos diferentes contextos; 
 capacitar o aluno para se comunicar nos diferentes contextos; 
 apreender a importância do ensino-aprendizagem da Língua 
Inglesa, de forma contextualizada. 
 
Affirmative form – To be 
 I am happy today. 
 You are very nice. 
 He is a French teacher. 
 She is late for school today. 
 It is a fantastic book. 
 We are friends. 
 You are pilots. 
 They are cousins. 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar” 
Affirmative form – To be (Contracted) 
 I’m happy today. 
 You’re very nice. 
 He’s a French teacher. 
 She’s late for school today. 
 It’s a fantastic book. 
 We’re friends. 
 You’re pilots. 
 They’re cousins. 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar” 
Negative form – To be 
 I am not happy today. 
 You are not very nice. 
 He is not a French teacher. 
 She is not late for school today. 
 It is not a fantastic book. 
 We are not friends. 
 You are not pilots. 
 They are not cousins. 
 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar” 
Negative form – To be (Contracted) 
 I’m not happy today. 
 You aren’t very nice. 
 He isn’t a French teacher. 
 She isn’t late for school today. 
 It isn’t a fantastic book. 
 We aren’t friends. 
 You aren’t pilots. 
 They aren’t cousins. 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar” 
Interrogative form – To be (Affirmative) 
 Am I wrong? 
 Are you hungry? 
 Is he a doctor? 
 Is she a vet? 
 Is it sunny? 
 Are we late? 
 Are you busy now? 
 Are they enemies? 
 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar” 
Interrogative form – To be (Negative) 
 Aren’t I wrong? 
 Aren’t you hungry? 
 Isn’t he a doctor? 
 Isn’t she a vet? 
 Isn’t it sunny? 
 Aren’t we late? 
 Aren’t you busy now? 
 Aren’t they enemies? 
 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar” 
To be 
In questions, as we don’t have a form for “am” in the negative, 
we have to use “aren’t”. 
 Aren’t I intelligent? 
 Aren’t I on time? 
 
It’s also used in question tags (small questions that often come 
at the ends of sentences in speech, and sometimes in informal 
writing): 
 I am on time, aren’t I? 
 I am owing you something, aren’t I? 
To be 
When to use? 
a) To talk about ourselves; 
b) To talk about somebody’s life; 
c) To talk about age; 
d) To talk about physical characteristics and conditions in 
general: height, size, color. 
 
To be 
a)Talking about ourselves: 
 There are many different situations we can talk about 
ourselves. 
Introducing ourselves or other people (formal or informal 
situation): 
 This is my friend Susan. 
 Hi Susan, I’m Paul. Nice to meet you. 
 Nice to meet you too. 
 This is my co-worker Mary Smith. 
 Hello, I’m Simon. Nice to meet you. 
 Nice to meet you too. 
Disponível em: http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-introduce-people. 
 
 
To be 
b) Talking about somebody’s life: 
 
 
 
Daniel Jacob Radcliffe is an English born actor who achieved 
his fame and name by working in the Hollywood adaptation of J 
K Rowling’s ‘Harry Potter’. He did seven movies for the ‘Harry 
Potter’ series, which made him a Hollywood superstar. He was 
born and brought up in London in a working class family. His 
mother is a casting agent for BBC and his father is a literary 
agent. He has always been inclined towards acting and by the 
time he was 10 he was casted in BBC’s ‘David Copperfield’. 
 
 
 
To be 
From there onwards he was recognized as a known child artist 
from England. He worked on the Harry Potter series from 2002 to 
2010, which established him as a talented actor and the richest 
teenager in England. He is a winner of National Movie Award and 
has been nominated several times for the MTV Awards. 
He has done many theatre productions like Martin McDonagh’s 
‘The Cripple of Inishmaan’ and ‘The Play I Wrote’. Some of the 
other movies that he has acted in until now are ‘The Woman in 
Black’, ‘My Boy Jack’ and ‘Kill Your Darlings’. His upcoming 
movies are ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘Tokyo Voice’. 
 
Disponível em: http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/daniel-radcliffe-3737.php 
 
 
To be 
c)Talking about age: 
 How old are you? 
 I am 35. 
 
 How old is Susan? 
 She is 22. 
 
 How old are they? 
 Paul is 12 and Mary 13. 
 
 
Different from 
Portuguese! 
To be 
d) Talking about physical characteristics and conditions in 
general: 
 
 
 
 He is five feet tall. 
 What size are your shoes? 
 The room is twenty meters long. 
 A: What color are his eyes? B: They are blue. 
 He is the same height as his father. 
 
height, size, color 
Interatividade 
Choose the correct alternative concerning the usage of “to be”. 
a) Mary and Susan is best friends. 
b) Am not I intelligent? 
c) I am a good friend, aren’t I? 
d) Paul and Anna isn’t at home. 
e) I have 20 years old. 
 
There to be 
 There is 
 There isn’t 
 
 
 
 There are 
 There aren’t 
 
 
singular 
 
plural 
There to be 
We use there + to be to talk about the existence of something or 
describe places: 
Singular: 
 There is a bus stop close to the hospital. 
 There’s a bus stop close to the hospital. 
 
Plural: 
 There are new books in the library. 
 There’re new books in the library. 
 
 
There to be 
Questions: 
Singular: 
 Is there a bus stop close to the hospital? 
 Isn’t there a bus stop close to the hospital? 
 Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. 
 
Plural: 
 Are there museums close to the university? 
 Aren’t there museums close to the university? 
 Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. 
 
There to be 
 
Impossível usar a forma 
contraída na pergunta! 
There to be 
Atenção! 
Quando usamos “there + to be”, o verbo “to be” deve concordar 
com o substantivo do qual estamos falando: 
 There’s an important meeting at work. 
 (an important meeting – singular) 
 
 There are ten night clubs in my city. 
 (ten night clubs – plural) 
 
 
There to be 
Present (Singular): 
 Affirmative Negative 
 There is There isn’t 
 
Present (Plural): 
 Affirmative Negative 
 There are There aren’t 
There to be 
Past (Singular): 
 Affirmative Negative 
 There was There wasn’t 
 
Past (Plural): 
 Affirmative Negative 
 There were There weren’t 
 
There to be 
Future (Singular): 
 Affirmative Negative 
 There will be There won’t be 
 
Future (Plural): 
 Affirmative Negative 
 There will be There won’t be 
 
Não há diferença 
no futuro! 
São usados “there 
will be” ou “there 
won’t be” para 
singular e plural! 
 
There to be 
Present: 
 There is a black car parked in frontof my house. (sing.) 
 There isn’t a black car parked in front of my house. (sing.) 
 
 There are several balloons in the sky. (plural) 
 There aren’t several balloons in the sky. (plural) 
 
 
 
There to be 
Past: 
 There was a good film on TV last evening. (sing.) 
 There wasn’t a good film on TV last evening. (sing.) 
 
 There were lots of people at the party. (plural) 
 There weren’t lots of people at the party. (plural) 
 
 
 
There to be 
Future: 
 There will be some rain in the afternoon. (sing.) 
 There won’t be any rain in the afternoon. (sing.) 
 
 There will be a lot of people at the party. (plural) 
 There won’t be a lot of people at the party. (plural) 
 
 
There to be 
Dear Maggie, 
Greetings from London! We’re having a wonderful time. There 
are so many interesting things to see and do here! There are 
interesting little stores on every street, and there are lots of 
funny things to buy. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figura: https://www.google.com.br/search?q=tower+of+london&espv=2&rlz=1C1GGGE_pt-
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There to be 
I hope my suitcase is big enough. There are also a lot of great 
museums! We went to the Tower of London yesterday. 
And we are going to the British Museum today. We’re staying at 
a really nice bed-and-breakfast. It’s a nice, comfortable place, 
and there are lots of interesting people from different countries 
staying here. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Figura:https://www.google.com.br/search?q=british+museum&rlz=1C1GGGE_pt-
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There to be 
I have to sign off now; we’re ready to go to the museum. Say hi 
to Mark and everyone else. 
 
 
 
 
Love, 
Amanda. 
 
 Figura:https://www.google.com.br/search?q=british+museum&rlz=1C1GGGE_pt-
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 Fonte: Schoenberg & Mauer, 2006, p.205. 
 
Interatividade 
Which sentence is correct regarding the use of “there to be”? 
a) There are just one dress in the closet. 
b) There isn’t any children playing outside. 
c) Are there guests already coming? 
d) I don’t know if there will money enough for the party. 
e) There won’t any store open when we arrive there. 
Yes / No Questions 
Yes / No questions are limited. 
There is only one of two answers (positive or negative). 
 
 Are you in a hurry? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. 
 Are you married? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. 
 Is she single? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 
 Am I a good friend? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t. 
 Are we on time? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t. 
 
Wh-Questions 
 Wh-questions are unlimited. 
Any number of answers can be given, as long as they give 
information required by the Wh-word: 
 who 
 whose 
 what 
 when 
 where 
 why 
 how 
 
Wh-Questions 
Possibilidades de “how”: 
 How big 
 How far 
 How long 
 How old 
 How deep 
 How tall 
 How many 
 How much 
 etc 
 
Wh-Questions 
Com o verbo “to be”: 
 
 Who’s your teacher? 
 Whose umbrella is this? *Whose is this umbrella? 
 What’s your favorite color? 
 When is your birthday? 
 Where are they now? 
 Why is she so sad today? 
 How is he doing? 
 
 
Present Continuous 
 Usado para se referir a: 
a) Ações em progresso (ações acontecendo no momento); 
b) Ações temporárias; 
c) Ações futuras planejadas; 
d) Ações que dão ideia de rotina ou repetição. 
 
Present Continuous 
 
 
 
a)Ações em progresso (ações acontecendo no momento): 
 I am studying at this moment. (I am not studying …) 
 You are writing now. (You are not writing…) 
 He is speaking English. (He is not speaking…) 
 She is washing her face. (She is not washing…) 
 It is raining now. (It is not raining…) 
 We are listening to the radio. (We are not listening…) 
 They are having dinner. (They are not having…) 
 
 Verb to be + verb (ing) 
 Am / Are / Is 
Present Continuous 
Questions: 
 Am I talking to you? 
 Yes, you are. No, you are not (No, you aren’t.) 
 
 Are you calling him? 
 Yes, I am. No, I am not. (No, I’m not.) 
 
 Is he having fun? 
 Yes, he is. No, he is not. (No, he isn’t.) 
 
 
 
 
Present Continuous 
 Is she preparing dinner? 
 Yes, she is. No, she is not. (No, she isn’t.) 
 
 Is it raining? 
 Yes it is. No, it is not. (No, it isn’t.) 
 
 Are we already planning our next trip? 
 Yes, we are. No, we are not. (No, we aren’t.) 
 Yes, you are. No, you are not. (No, you aren’t.) 
Present Continuous 
 Are you booking a new room? 
 Yes, we are. No, we are not. (No, we aren’t.) 
 
 Are they lying in the hammock? 
 Yes, they are. No, they are not. (No, they aren’t.) 
 
Present Continuous 
b)Ações temporárias: 
 I am working at home this week. 
 My sister is living at home for the moment. 
 Paul is working in Japan this month. 
 
c)Ações futuras planejadas: 
 Where are you spending your vacation? 
 Come and see us, if you are passing through London. 
 I am buying a car next month. 
 
Present Continuous 
d)Ações que dão ideia de rotina ou repetição: 
 Why is he always crying so much? 
 I’m always losing my keys. 
 Granny’s always giving us little presents. 
 
Present Continuous 
Regras na ortografia 
Regra geral: sufixo “–ing” sem alterações: 
 jump jumping 
 
 sing singing 
 
 teach teaching 
 
 eat eating 
 
 do doing 
 
Present Continuous 
Verbos que terminam em “–e”: 
 dance dancing 
 
 have having 
 
 make making 
 
 write writing 
 
 live living 
 
Present Continuous 
Verbos que terminam em “–y”: 
 play playing 
 
 study studying 
 
 enjoy enjoying 
 
 buy buying 
 
 fly flying 
 
Present Continuous 
Verbos que terminam em consoante + vogal + consoante (CVC): 
 get getting 
 
 sit sitting 
 
 cut cutting 
 
 run running 
 
 win winning 
 
Present Continuous 
Verbos que terminam “– ie”: 
 lie lying 
 
 die dying 
 
 tie tying 
 
 
Present Continuous 
Cuidado! Alguns verbos não são usados na forma progressiva: 
 
“belong”, “like”, “prefer”, “love”, “hate”, 
“want”, “need”, “know”, “mean”, 
“understand”, “believe”, “remember”, 
“forget”, “depend”. 
Interatividade 
Choose the alternative that only presents correct sentences.a) Only II and III are correct. 
b) Only III and IV are correct. 
c) Only IV and V are correct. 
d) Only I and V are correct. 
e) All of them are correct. 
I. He is reading a book at the moment. 
II. They are going to the movies once a week. 
III. He is always studying English this month. 
IV. We visiting our friends this evening. 
V. I am working in the sales department this month, because Jane 
is on vacation. 
 
 
 
 
Future – To be going to 
Fórmula: 
 
 
 to be + going to + main verb 
 (am / are / is) 
 
Future – To be going to 
It is used to talk about future actions and events that have some 
present reality. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Figura: https://pixabay.com/pt/c%C3%A9u-nuvens-dram%C3%A1tica-592414/ 
 There are black clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain. 
 There is a big hole in front of you. Watch out! 
You are going to fall into it! 
 
Future – To be going to 
If we say that something in the future is happening or is going to 
happen, it is usually already planned or decided, or it is starting 
to happen, or we can see it coming now. (Swan, 2005) 
 There is a nice film on TV tonight. Are you going to watch it? 
 Mary is going to buy a new car. 
 This food looks horrible. I am not going to eat it. 
 I’m travelling tomorrow evening. 
 What time are you going to the dentist tomorrow? 
 
Future – Will 
 “When we are simply giving information about the future, or 
predicting the future events which are not already decided or 
obviously on the way, we usually use will / shall + infinitive 
(Shall is rare in American English).” (Swan, 2005, p.209) 
 Still according to Swan (2005, p.209), those auxiliary verbs are 
also used to express people’s intentions and attitudes towards 
other people. 
 They are common in: offers, requests, threats, promises and 
announcements of decisions. 
 
 
Future – Will 
 What would you like to drink? 
 I’ll have a lemonade, please. 
 (*Decision done at the moment of speaking) 
 
 
 
 The phone is ringing. 
 Ok, I’ll take it! 
 (*Decision done at the moment of speaking) 
 
Figura: https://www.google.com.br/search?q=lemonade&rlz=1C1GGGE_pt-
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Future – Will 
 Offering to do something: 
 That bag is too heavy. I’ll help you with it. 
 
 Agreeing to do something: 
 Have you finished reading the book I lent you? If you did, can I 
have it back? 
 Of course. I’ll give it to you tomorrow. 
 
 Promising to do something: 
 Thanks for lending me the book. I’ll give you back next week. 
 I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise. 
 
Future – Will 
 Asking somebody to do something: 
 Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to read. 
 Will you shut the door, please? 
 
 Giving or asking for information about the future: 
 Tomorrow it will be warm, with some clouds in the afternoon. 
 Will all the family be at the wedding? 
 
 Saying what we think, guess or calculate: 
 Who do you think will win? 
 You will never finish that book. 
 
 
Interatividade 
Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence: 
 
 
 
a) I am going. 
b) I am going to go. 
c) I will go. 
d) I go. 
e) will I go. 
 
I think _______________ to Germany to visit my 
relatives. 
ATÉ A PRÓXIMA!