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1: ​Morphology is the science that studies words and their structures. Read the following morphology-related terms:I. 
Morpheme.II. Base.III. Suffix.IV. Bound morpheme.Recognize their definitions RESPECTIVELY. 
● a) I. The smallest unit of meaning in a language.II. The core of the word.III. A morpheme that comes after 
the base.IV. A morpheme that cannot stand by itself and is added to free ones to change their grammatical 
effect. 
● b) I. The smallest unit in a language.II. The core of the word plus add-ons.III. A morpheme that comes 
before the base.IV. A morpheme that cannot stand by itself and is added to suffixes to change their 
grammatical effect. 
● c) I. The smallest unit in a language.II. The core of the word.III. A morpheme that comes after the base.IV. 
A morpheme that cannot stand by itself and is added to free ones to change their meanings. 
● d) I. The smallest unit of meaning in a language.II. The core of the word plus add-ons.III. A morpheme that 
comes after the base plus it.IV. A morpheme that cannot stand by itself and is added to suffixes to change 
their grammatical effect. 
● e) I. The smallest unit in a language.II. The core of the word.III. A morpheme that comes after the base plus 
it.IV. A morpheme that cannot stand by itself and is added to free ones to change their grammatical effect. 
 
Alternativa correta: 
● a)​ I. The smallest unit of meaning in a language.II. The core of the word.III. A morpheme that comes after 
the base.IV. A morpheme that cannot stand by itself and is added to free ones to change their grammatical 
effect. 
Justificativa:​ Correct answer:I. The smallest unit of meaning in a language [cutting words into pieces, each piece 
with meaning is a morpheme].II. The core of the word [the basis/ the essential part of it].III. A morpheme that comes 
after the base [-ly, -ness, -er, …].IV. A morpheme that cannot stand by itself and is added to free ones to change 
their grammatical effect [-ing, -ful, -ly, …]. 
2: ​Prepositional phrases have a couple of functions. Read the following passage.The coconut, according to 
scientists, is actually the seed at the top of a coconut palm tree. It was given its name by Spanish sailors, between 
the fifteenth and sixteenth century, who likened the three dents on the shell’s base to a smiling monkey and named 
it ‘coco’ meaning monkey face.Analyze these sentences. 
● a) This text has four prepositional phrases. 
● b) This passage has five prepositional phrases. 
● c) This passage has four adverbial prepositional phrases. 
● d) This passage has six prepositional phrases. 
● e) This passage has no adjectival prepositional phrases. 
 
Alternativa correta: 
● b) This passage has five prepositional phrases. 
Justificativa: Correct answer:This passage has five prepositional phrases. They are 'to scientists', 'of a coconut palm 
tree', 'by Spanish sailors', 'between the fifteenth and the sixteenth century' and 'on the shell's base'Note that 'to a 
smiling monkey' is not a PP because 'to' is a particle part of the phrasal verb 'liken to'. 
Distractors:This passage has four adverbial prepositional phrases. It has three.This passage has no adjectival 
prepositional phrases. It has two.This passage has six prepositional phrases. It has five.This passage has four 
prepositional phrases. It has five. 
3: ​English Language Teaching, especially to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) has seen a lot of changes 
throughout the years. One of the most important ones was ELF (English as a Lingua Franca). Read the following 
passage:Thiago is an American teacher who works in Canada. He teaches people from all over the world. As much 
as possible, Thiago tries to encourage his students to focus on communication, raise awareness of cultural aspects, 
plays audios from non-native speakers in English, shows successful interaction of English being used as a Lingua 
Franca and discourages his learners from trying to speak like natives.Can we say Thiago works with principles of 
English as a Lingua Franca? 
● a) No, because he is a native speaker. 
● b) Yes, because he raises awareness of ELF aspects and exposes them to it. 
● c) Yes, because he is a native speaker. 
● d) No, because he works in an English-speaking country. 
● e) Yes, because he works in an English-speaking country. 
 
Alternativa correta: 
● b)​ Yes, because he raises awareness of ELF aspects and exposes them to it. 
Justificativa:​ Correct answer: Yes, because he raises awareness of ELF aspects and exposes them to it.The 
context and the teacher’s nationality do not interfere in their ability to teach with ELF principles; the teacher’s 
attitudes do. 
4: ​Sentence analysis is a tool that helps us organize words, phrases, and clauses in our minds. 
Analyze the following sentence:Ana helped the boy from Nepal while Maria was dancing with his brother. 
● a) NP + VP (VT + OD (NP (det + H + AdvPP)) + SubConj + NP + VP (VL + VT + AdjPP) 
● b) NP + VP (VT + OD (NP (det + H + AdjPP)) + CooConj + NP + VP (VL + VI + AdvPP) 
● c) NP + VP (VT + OD (NP (det + H + AdjPP)) + CooConj + NP + VP (VL + VI + AdvPP) 
● d) NP + VP (VT + OD (NP (det + H + AdjPP)) + SubConj + NP + VP (Aux V + VI + AdvPP) 
● e) NP + VP (VT + OD (NP (det + H + AdjPP)) + CooConj + NP + VP (VL + VT + AdvPP) 
 
Alternativa correta: 
● d)​ NP + VP (VT + OD (NP (det + H + AdjPP)) + SubConj + NP + VP (Aux V + VI + AdvPP) 
Justificativa:​ Correct answer: 
NP + VP (VT + OD (NP (det + H + AdjPP)) + SubConj + NP + VP (Aux V + VI + AdvPP). Option A represents the 
correct analysis of the sentence. NP Ana + VP helped the boy from Nepal (VT helped + OD the boy from Nepal (NP 
the boy from Nepal (det the + H boy + AdjPP from Nepal)) + SubConj while + NP Maria + VP was dancing with his 
brother (Aux V was + VI dancing + AdvPP with his brother). 
5: ​Students have difficulties. This is totally natural. Our role as facilitators and educators is to help them overcome 
their problems and become better each time. Read this case study:“Student M. has had problems in writing. He 
cannot write complete ideas. Every time, he will write fragments such as ‘While the city was dark.’, ‘Whenever you 
need.’ totally decontextualized.”Infer from this teacher’s report: 
● a) Student M. has problems differ sentences and clauses since his ideas are not complete. 
● b) Student M. does not understand what a phrase is; therefore, he writes fragments. 
● c) Student M. has a hard time writing complex sentences only because he may lack knowledge of 
conjunctions. 
● d) Student M. will not grasp what a predicate is; therefore, he writes only subjects. 
● e) Student M. cannot form just complex sentences as he does not know what one comprises. 
 
Alternativa correta: 
● a)​ Student M. has problems differ sentences and clauses since his ideas are not complete. 
Justificativa:​ Correct answer:Student M. has problems differ sentences and clauses since his ideas are not 
complete.Therefore, his sentences do not complete their ideas. 
Distractors:Student M. has a hard time writing complex sentences only because he may lack knowledge of 
conjunctions. He cannot write any kinds of sentenceStudent M. does not understand what a phrase is; therefore, he 
writes fragments. Phrases cannot be confused with sentences, which is his problem.Student M. will not grasp what 
a predicate is; therefore, he writes only subjects. His sentences also have predicates, but they are not 
complete.Student M. cannot form just complex sentences as he does not know what one comprises. He cannot 
write sentences at all, not even compound sentences, according to the examples. 
 
6: ​Knowing the parts of the brain related to speech and their functions helps you be aware of what happens with 
your learners better.Read the following definition:Part of the auditory system, the function of this area is basically 
reach perception of sounds around and towards you. Its function is basically realizing the sound wave coming to 
youand sending the information (sound) to the next area.Identify which part of the brain is defined above. 
● a) Posterior speech area. 
● b) Wernicke’s area. 
● c) Motor cortex. 
● d) Broca’s area. 
● e) Primary cortex. 
 
Alternativa correta: 
● e)​ Primary cortex. 
Justificativa:​ Correct answer: Primary cortex. Correct, because that is the first part of the auditory system, which is 
responsible for perception of sounds. It does not produce anything, but it receives information and sends it to the 
following area. Distractors:Posterior speech area. Incorrect. It comprises two important areas with deeper functions. 
They are the ones who send information in a more meaningful way. There areas are called Wernicke’s area and 
Broca’s area.Wernicke’s area. Incorrect. it is really important to your comprehension of sound and language. This 
part is responsible for understanding and decoding the meaning of words – in this case, the meaning of the word we 
have heard.Broca’s area. Incorrect. This part is responsible for generating the speech itself in an articulate way. 
That is the first area that involves a productive skill per se. Whereas Wernicke’s area receives and decodes 
information, Broca’s articulates the word to be said.Motor cortex. Incorrect. It is basically responsible for voluntary 
movements. This is the part of the brain which really makes you speak – in a voluntary way. The other parts can 
take action, but if you do not make use of the motor cortex, the word will not be said. 
 
7: ​Writing issues might be a problem to affect intelligibility and learners’ ability to communicate in written form. 
Choose one of the issues we have seen and write a fifteen-line text. Mention:- What it is.- At least an example (with 
correction).- How you would teach it. 
Answer expectation: ​Students should be aware of one of the writing issues studied — run-on sentences, comma 
splices, sentence fragments or rambling sentences — set an example and correct it, and mention how they would 
teach it, bearing in mind the teaching concepts we have discussed. 
8: ​Morphemes are essential to understanding word formation. Read the following words.disagreement / 
illegallySeparate them into morphemes, classify these morphemes and say if they are bound or free. 
Answer expectation:​Disagreement dis - prefix (bound)agree - base (free)ment - suffix (bound) Illegally il - prefix 
(bound)legal - base (free)ly - suffix (bound)