AV - LITERATURA INGLESA I

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Disciplina: LITERATURA INGLESA I 
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	SONNET 12
When I do count the clock that tells the time,                                  
And see the brave day sunk in hideous night;                                   
When I behold the violet past prime,
And sable curls, all silvered o'er with white;
When lofty trees I see barren of leaves,       
Which erst from heat did canopy the herd,  
And summer's green all girded up in sheaves,         
Borne on the bier with white and bristly beard,       
Then of thy beauty do I question make,                    
That thou among the wastes of time must go,         
Since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake    
And die as fast as they see others grow;                   
And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence
Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence.
Considering the sonnet above, mark the option with contains a significant pattern of alliteration.
		
	
	''And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence'' (line 13)
	
	''Which from Love's fire took heat perpetual'' (line 10)
	 
	''When I do count the clock that tells the time'' (line 1)
	
	''Beyond all date, even to eternity'' (line 4)
	
	''Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?'' (line 2)
	
	
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	Read Shakespeare's SONNET 5.
Those hours, that with gentle work did frame                    
The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell,                       
Will play the tyrants to the very same                                    
And that unfair which fairly doth excel;                                
For never-resting time leads summer on                                               
To hideous winter, and confounds him there;                    
Sap checked with frost, and lusty leaves quite gone,       
Beauty o'er-snowed and bareness everywhere:                
Then were not summer's distillation left,                                              
A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,                                  
Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft,                                              
Nor it, nor no remembrance what it was:                                             
But flowers distilled, though they with winter meet,     
Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.
In Sonnet 5, it becomes clear that the sonneteer's understanding of Time...
		
	
	... reveals an arbitrary reading of human's mutability and change materialized in Time as a symbol.
	
	... determines how the sonnet fails to deliver its message.
	
	... goes beyond the plane of reality, transcending humanity towards the beyond.
	
	... involves remembering how to keep perfection in a state of eternal life.
	 
	... revolves around the topic of change and decay, an inevitable march towards Death.
	
	
	 
		
	
	 
	 
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	Reread these lines from Othello and Romeo and Juliet, respectively, and choose the correct alternative comparing the notion of ''pilgrimage'' on them.
(1) ''She'd come again, and with a greedy ear/ Devour up my discourse, which I, observing,/ Took once a pliant hour and found good means/ To draw from her a prayer of earnest heart/ That I would all my pilgrimage dilate,/ Where of by parcels she had something heard/ But not intentively. I did consent,/ And often did beguile her of her tears/ When I did speak of some distressful stroke/ That my youth suffered.'' (1.3.151-160)
(2) ''If I profane with my unworthiest hand/ This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this:/ My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand/ To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss.'' (1.5.92-95)
		
	
	None of these scenes allude to a metaphorical meaning for ''pilgrimage'', since both Othello and Romeo have faced long trips to be with their lovers.
	
	While quote (1) alludes to an abstract notion of ''pilgrimage'', bound to time rather than space, quote (2) is a reference to Romeo's literal trips to be with his lover.
	 
	The first extract alludes to the denotational meaning of the word ''pilgrimage'', for Othello had travelled to distant lands. In the second, in contrast, Romeo evokes the image of the pilgrims to metaphorically undermine himself in comparison to his beloved and idealized maid.
	
	Both extracts allude to a metaphorical idea of ''pilgrimage''. The difference lies in the contexts: Othello alludes to a trip to a distant past when talking to his lover and Romeo refers to his very lips as ''pilgrims'' that would find his lover's.
	
	In both passages the characters convey devotion to their beloved maids, but only the second quote refers to the literal meaning of ''pilgrimage''.
	
	
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	Choose the correct alternative concerning the ''aside'' lines and soliloquies of some characters.
		
	
	Functioning as sort of ''spoilers'' of the time, these lines addressed the public and fictional characters at the same time, so as to avoid jeopardizing the flow of the scenes.
	 
	They helped build rapport with the audiences, insofar as they consisted of direct vocatives and lines that addressed the public.
	
	A recurrent tool in contemporary movie productions, especially those which stem from superheroes comics, villain's soliloquies were neither common in medieval nor in Elizabethan times.
	
	Only humorous characters (usually jesters) were allowed to utter these lines to address the audience.
	
	Asides were recurrent on both comedies and tragedies, as long as their content was thoroughly limited to the characteristics of each genre.
	
	
	 
		
	
	 
	 
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	Read the entry for ''university wits'' at Encyclopedia Britannica:
University wits, the notable group of pioneer English dramatists who wrote during the last 15 years of the 16th century and who transformed the native interlude and chronicle play with their plays of quality and diversity. The university wits include Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene, and Thomas Nashe (all graduates of Cambridge), as well as Thomas Lodge and George Peele (both of Oxford).
Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/University-Wits
Considering the list of names and specifics on the entry above, mark the alternative which correctly describes the ''university wits'':
		
	
	University wits were a group of Victorian Playwrights who acted on behalf of their universities.
	
	University wits were a group of friends who did not agree with the theological thought they had been presented at university.
	 
	University wits were a group of Elizabethan playwrights whose studies at university became essential tools for the plays they eventually wrote.
	
	University wits were a group of Elizabethan playwrights who were expelled from their universities.
	
	University wits were a group of students who brought theater to the universities of Cambridge and Oxford.
	
	
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	Along with the players, both the Admiral's and Chamberlain's Men [founded in 1594] were also supplied with a good stock of plays from the two major playwrights of the period. William Shakespeare became a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, which acquired his seven or more existing plays for its repertory, while at least five and probably all six of the late Christopher Marlowe's known plays were allocated to the Admiral's Men. Edward Alleyn had already become famous as the player of Tamburlaine, Dr Faustus, and Barabbas, the 'Jew of Malta'. Those plays along with Thomas Kyd's Spanish Tragedy formed the staple repertory that the Admiral's Men staged for over thirty years, first at the Rose and then at its successor, the Fortune Theatre in Cripplegate from 1600. Built by Peter Street, who had only recently erected the Globe for the Lord Chamberlain's Men, the Fortune, too, was outside the city's jurisdiction.
Source: GURR, Andrew.  https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-95598Considering the text above, and the fact that Christopher Marlowe died in 1593, only six years into his theatrical career in London, mark the alternative which correctly describes his contribution to The Admiral's Men.
		
	
	Marlowe came out of the university to the theatrical profession because of an invitation posed by Edward Alleyn.
	
	Marlowe's drinking and fighting habits made him an unwelcome presence among The Admiral's Men as well as other theatrical companies of the period.
	
	Marlowe was an associate to The Admiral's Men during his lifetime and contributed with one big hit for the company at the time.
	 
	Marlowe's early death never allowed for him to be an associate of The Admiral's Men, but the company's biggest successes came from his plays.
	
	Marlowe's plays were only used by The Admiral's Men during his lifetime, afterwards they looked for other playwrights.
	
	
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	Read the following excerpt from Christopher Marlowe's narrative poem, Hero and Leander:
It lies not in our power to love or hate,
For will in us is over-rul'd by fate.
When two are stript, long ere the course begin,
We wish that one should lose, the other win;
And one especially do we affect
Of two gold ingots, like in each respect:
The reason no man knows, let it suffice,
What we behold is censur'd by our eyes.
Where both deliberate, the love is slight:
Who ever lov'd, that lov'd not at first sight?
(Hero and Leander, v.167-176)
Source: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44674/hero-and-leander
This excerpt can be considered as an example of a rather common trope in Marlowe's work. Mark the alternative which correctly describes this trope.
		
	
	God's relevance to the phenomena of love between humans.
	
	The power of human sight as it captures the outside world.
	 
	Human's incapacity to redesign fate and change its course of action.
	
	Human's capacity to fall in love by merely beholding the beloved.
	
	Human's capacity to transcend the material world when it comes to love.
	
	
	 
		
	
	 
	 
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	On November 30th, 1601, Queen Elizabeth delivered a speech that would be known as ''The Golden Speech''. To everybody's surprise, instead of addressing pressing matters of her time, her speech took an unexpected turn. Choose the alternative that contain a true statement about the content of her speech:  
		
	
	She mentioned the economic issues the country was facing. 
	
	She talked about England's grandiosity. 
	
	She expressed concern for the health of her subjects.
	
	She boosted the troop's morale.  
	 
	She expressed her love for her subjects. 
	
	
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	What made the Golden Age so special?  
I. Increase in culture and education 
II. Political stability and economic growth  
III. Religious internal wars  
		
	
	II and III are true 
	 
	I and II are true 
	
	I and III are true 
	
	Only I is true. 
	
	Only III is true 
	
	
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	Why was the restauration of the monasteries intended by Mary I very difficult to accomplish?  
		
	
	because the majority of people of England were Puritans 
	
	none of the above 
	
	because Rome did not want to receive England back in the Catholic faith  
	 
	because it would involve getting back the lands already given to other people under Henry VIII and Edward VI
	
	because Spain wanted to keep England a protestant country