GABARITO LITERATURA INGLESA

Prévia do material em texto

Disc.: LITERATURA INGLESA 
 
Acertos: 2,0 de 2,0 10/02/2023 
 
 
 
1a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
The poems addressed to the 'Dark Lady' begin with a justification of her complexion - it is 
assumed from the outset that her variance from the traditional ideal requires a justification. 
In the old age black was not counted fair, 
Or if it were it bore not beauty's name; 
But now is black beauty's successive heir, 
And beauty slandered with a bastard shame' (from Sonnet 127) 
Source: ORGEL, Stephen. ''Introduction''. In: SHAKESPEARE, William. The Sonnets. 
EVANS, G. Blakemore (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 
After reading the exposition above, we understand that the 'Dark Lady' of Shakespeare's 
Sonnets 
 
 
... is the same as the Petrarchan ideal of his sonneteer's beloved. 
 ... differs from the Petrarchan ideal of his sonneteer's beloved. 
 
... alters only the name of the Petrarchan idealized Laura. 
 
... differs from Petrarch¿s idealized Muse only to follow his contemporary, Edmund 
Spenser. 
 
... imitates Petrarch's idealized Laura in all aspects but content. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:05:01 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: ... differs from the Petrarchan ideal of his sonneteer's beloved. 
 
 
2a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
Read and compare these quotes from Romeo and Juliet and Much Ado About Nothing, 
respectively. Afterwards, choose the most appropriate alternative concerning their plots. 
(1) ''Some shall be pardoned, and some punished./ For never was a story of more woe/ 
Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.'' (5.3.324-326) 
(2) ''Beatrice: I would not deny you, but, by this good day, I yield upon/ great persuasion, 
and partly to save your life, for I was told/you were in a consumption. 
Benedict: Peace! I will stop your mouth.'' (5.4.96-100) 
 
 
Both extracts help convey a peaceful atmosphere. However, in (1) peace derives 
from mourning and in (2) it results from Benedict's request. 
 The first quote is professed by Prince Escalus so as to describe his feeling of grief 
which stemmed from the tragic ending of the play, despite the humorous lines and 
comedy structure from its beginning. The second, in contrast, consists of a scene 
conveying an affectionate reciprocity and levity between the lovers after mishaps. 
 
Both scenes summarize the happy closures of the plays: in (1), evil characters would 
be either ''punished'' or ''pardoned'', and in (2) the two lovers affectionately joke 
about their relationship and kiss each other. 
 
The first and the second extracts convey the tragic endings of both plays, and in the 
second quote, even though the former lovers remain alive, Benedict expressess 
aggressiveness towards Beatrice, demanding her to be quiet. 
 
Both scenes describe problematic relationships and tragic endings, for the first plot 
involves terrible deaths and in the second one Beatrice feels impelled to be with 
Benedict, pitying him. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:05:45 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: The first quote is professed by Prince Escalus so as to describe his feeling of 
grief which stemmed from the tragic ending of the play, despite the humorous lines and comedy 
structure from its beginning. The second, in contrast, consists of a scene conveying an affectionate 
reciprocity and levity between the lovers after mishaps. 
 
 
3a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
When I do count the clock that tells the time, 
And see the brave day sunk in hideous night; 
When I behold the violet past prime, 
And sable curls, all silvered o'er with white; 
When lofty trees I see barren of leaves, 
Which erst from heat did canopy the herd, 
And summer's green all girded up in sheaves, 
Borne on the bier with white and bristly beard, 
Then of thy beauty do I question make, 
That thou among the wastes of time must go, 
Since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake 
And die as fast as they see others grow; 
And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence 
Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence. 
Considering the sonnet above, mark the option with contains a significant pattern of 
alliteration. 
 
 
''Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?'' (line 2) 
 
''Beyond all date, even to eternity'' (line 4) 
 ''When I do count the clock that tells the time'' (line 1) 
 
''And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence'' (line 13) 
 
''Which from Love's fire took heat perpetual'' (line 10) 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:09:59 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: ''When I do count the clock that tells the time'' (line 1) 
 
 
4a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
Complete the gaps in the following statements, so that they become true. 
Shakespeare alluded to a variety of previous works of art and references in his plots, some 
of which originated in medieval periods. For instance, some characters' villainy mingled with 
humorous asides originated from (1) _____________. Similarly, the lascivious (2) 
_____________ in between acts have their roots in the folkloric morris dance. When it 
comes to Antique literature references, a pervasive archetype is the one of (3) 
_____________, who encumbers the lovers' relationships. 
 
 
(1) jigs/ (2) Vices/ (3) the blocking father 
 
(1) Everyman/ (2) Vices/ (3) the blocking father 
 
(1) the blocking father/ (2) jigs/ (3) the Vice 
 
(1) jigs/ (2) Everyman/ (3) the blocking father 
 (1) the Vice/ (2) jigs/ (3) the blocking father 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:11:12 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: (1) the Vice/ (2) jigs/ (3) the blocking father 
 
 
5a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
We studied how the Petrarchan sonnet was transplanted to England with the help of poets 
such as Sir Philip Sidney and Thomas Wyatt on the 1590s. Later, Edmund Spenser, on the 
pages of his Astrophel and Stella, explored the sonnet form by using new rhyme schemes - 
which distinguished himself from an objective reproduction of the Petrarchan sonnet. 
However, almost every sonneteer inscribes the same general topic on their poems. 
Source: (adapted from) GUEIROS, Nehemias. ''Estudo: Mistério do Soneto 
Shakespeariano''. In: SHAKESPEARE, William. 50 Sonetos (trad. Ivo Barroso). Rio de 
Janeiro: Nova Frontera, 2015. 
Mark the option which correctly describes this topic. 
 
 The speaker of the sonnet most commonly praises his beloved. 
 
The speaker of the sonnet most commonly talks about his family. 
 
The speaker of the sonnet most commonly praises his editor. 
 
The speaker of the sonnet most commonly praises the church. 
 
The speaker of the sonnet most commonly scorns other poets. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:17:38 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: The speaker of the sonnet most commonly praises his beloved. 
 
 
6a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
As you have studied, the figures of ''constables'' were present in Shakespearean comedies 
such as Love's Labour's Lost, Much Ado About Nothing and Measure for Measure. Read 
the statements and label them as either True (T) or False (F). 
(1) The comedy lines revolving around their battles of wit confirms the constables' depiction 
as wise characters. 
(2) The humorous tone of these characters intended to mock repressive military authorities 
who usually belonged to prestigious and wealthy classes of Elizabethan England. 
(3) Constables' financial rewards in real life were not commensurate with their manifold 
duties. 
 
 
(1) T/ (2) T/ (3) T 
 
(1) F/ (2 )T/ (3) T 
 
(1) F (2) F/ (3) T 
 
(1) T/ (2) F/ (3) F 
 (1) T/ (2) F/ (3) T 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:06:23 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: (1) T/ (2) F/ (3) T 
 
 
7a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
So suggestive,in fact, are the circumstances described here (and elsewhere) [about the 
Sonnets] that readers will be forever tempted to posit a 'story' for the Sonnets. But if there is 
a larger story, it is of interest because it is realized in the particular, which is not to say that 
the Sonnets altogether lack an element of narrative, but that narrative is embedded in the 
recognition of newly intense emotional exchanges and changes in the imagined 
relationship. 
Source: POST, Jonathan F. Shakespeare's Sonnets and Poems: a very short introduction. 
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. 
After reading the contextualization above, read the affirmative below. 
I. Together, the sonnets in Shakespeare's sequence sketch a storyline about the sonneteer. 
II. Alone, each sonnet reveals a state of mind (and heart) sprung out from the suggested 
series of events. 
III. Reading in between sonnets is helpful to establish new connections among the 
sequence. 
 
 
II, only. 
 I, II and III. 
 
II a III, only. 
 
I and III, only. 
 
I, only. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:21:19 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: I, II and III. 
 
 
8a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
As you have come to realize in the previous modules, labeling the discourse genres of 
Shakespearean plays might be a rather complex task. Bearing this in mind, which 
alternative better accounts for the use of such terminologies in the Bald's legacy? 
 
 The Bard has probably used the mixture of different discourse genres to raise the 
audiences' expectations and contextualize the dramatis personae's social spheres. 
 
Midnight Summer's Dream is one of the few Shakespearean plays which conform to 
the characteristics of one single discourse genre, with no traces of tragedies 
whatsoever. 
 
In order to break the audience's expectation in the play King Lear, the jester of such 
plot is entirely dreary and melancholic. 
 
The Merchant of Venice has been labeled in the First Folio as one of the first 
Shakespearean tragedies. 
 
Romeo and Juliet is mainly a comedy, being arranged as such in the First Folio. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:19:37 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: The Bard has probably used the mixture of different discourse genres to raise 
the audiences' expectations and contextualize the dramatis personae's social spheres. 
 
 
9a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
 
Thomas Thorpe¿s edition of Shakespeare¿s Sonnets, published in 1609. 
Mark the alternative which explains correctly the problems with Thomas Thorpe¿s 1609 edition 
claiming that Shakespeare¿s sonnets were ''Never before Imprinted''. 
 
 
Only after 1609, has Shakespeare written any of his sonnets and long narrative poems. 
 Before 1609, there are registers of the sonnets circulating through London - mostly on private 
groups, but some of them already in manuscript. 
 
Before 1609, Shakespeare was exclusively a playwright for the King's Men. 
 
Only after 1609 the real Shakespearean sonnets were published with the author's authorization. 
 
Before 1609, there were already several sonnets inscribed on Shakespeare's plays. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:12:35 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: Before 1609, there are registers of the sonnets circulating through London - mostly on 
private groups, but some of them already in manuscript. 
 
 
10a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
Reread part of Othello's speech in court to try to convince the Senate that his love for 
Desdemona is reciprious. Then, choose the most appropriate option. ''It was my hint to 
speak-such was my process-/ And of the cannibals that each other eat,/ The 
Anthropophagi, and men whose heads/ Do grow beneath their shoulders. These things to 
hear/ Would Desdemona seriously incline.'' (1.3.166-170) 
 
 
By the time Othello addressed the Senate, Desdemona's father was not aware of 
the moor's life events. 
 
In such lines, Othello admits that Desmona feared him after becoming acquainted 
with his past. 
 The highlighted extract reports part of a series of terrible events in the moore's life, 
which included slavory and trips to remote territories, but which prove one of his 
characteristics that attracted Desdemona: his bravery. 
 
The moore's main argument revolves around the report of Desdemona's admiration 
for his bravery during his trips, even though she does not agree with his description 
of natives of foreign lands. 
 
Othello claims that he has always avoided reporting his painful past, but felt 
comfortable to do so in Desdemona's presence. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:08:34 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: The highlighted extract reports part of a series of terrible events in the moore's 
life, which included slavory and trips to remote territories, but which prove one of his characteristics 
that attracted Desdemona: his bravery. 
 
 
 
 
 
Disc.: LITERATURA INGLESA 
 
Acertos: 2,0 de 2,0 10/02/2023 
 
 
 
1a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
[Regarding the cycles], each guild was responsible for representing just one episode, 
staged on top of a wheel cart and, on the day of [Corpus Christi], following the sequence of 
the Bible, these carts enacted the whole collection of mysteries, from Genesis to 
Judgement Day (...). It is obvious that on top of these carts it was not possible to stage big 
scenarios, so that this scenic tradition has two important consequences for the Elizabethan 
Theater: the absence of scenarios, with a common scenic space for every action in play, 
and the challenge to create visual images through their words to compensate for this 
absence of scenarios. (HELIODORA, 2015, p.16-17) 
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma 
Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015. 
I. Elizabethan theater was known for its lack of props and scenarios on the stage. 
BECAUSE 
II. They had a lot of problems with rats at Southbank, which usually destroyed all the props 
and clothing of the plays. 
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option. 
 
 
Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I. 
 
Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I. 
 
Affirmatives I and II are false. 
 
Affirmative I is false, and II is true. 
 Affirmative I is true, and II is false. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:24:12 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: Affirmative I is true, and II is false. 
 
 
2a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
The Elizabethan Age (or Golden Age) was a period in which music, art and literature 
thrived. Choose the alternative which contains representatives of this flowering of the arts: 
 
 
William Shakespeare, Thomas Kyd and Geoffrey Chaucer 
 
Thomas Kyd, John Milton and William Shakespeare 
 
Edmund Spenser, John Milton and John Donne 
 William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser 
 
Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser and Geoffrey Chaucer 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:24:23 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser 
 
 
3a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
The next step on the development [of theater] takes place when the members of various 
guilds, who really liked acting in the cycles, decided that they wanted to do theater and, 
abandoned their original crafts, organized themselves into small itinerant groups, that 
walked around looking for audiences. These small groups faced a very serious problem, 
because, abandoning the realm of religious activity, they were prohibited to make their 
plays based on biblical tropes [or about the life of Saints]. The positive result of this 
prohibition is that it determined the emergence of original authors. (HELIODORA, 2015, p. 
17) 
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma 
Introdução''. In:Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015. 
Identify the option that correctly explains how the first morality plays happened to come into 
England's theatrical scene. 
 
 
Morality plays were prohibited by the Crown because they enacted Vice and Virtue 
as insurrectionists. 
 
Morality plays came to be only after atheism became a popular practice in 
Renaissance England. 
 
Morality plays were part of a circuit of biblical episodes which aimed at moralizing 
its audience by enacting testimonies of the Church¿s beliefs. 
 
Morality plays always existed throughout England, but they got to the city only after 
Elizabeth I was crowned. 
 Morality plays started to be written after a group of men left their various guilds to 
live theater as their craft. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:40:41 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: Morality plays started to be written after a group of men left their various guilds 
to live theater as their craft. 
 
 
4a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
Choose the alternative that best describes the reign of Elizabeth I, also known as 
Elizabethan age: 
 
 
It was a period when England consolidated the religious Reformation initiated by 
Mary I, or the ''Bloody Mary'', asserting itself as a great European power. 
 
It was a period that witnessed the first time a woman raised to the throne. 
 
It was a period of great political stability thanks to ''the Elizabethan Settlement''. 
 
It was a period of great peace and stability due to ''The Act of Supremacy of 1558''. 
 The Elizabethan age witnessed a flowering of the arts, thriving in the economy, 
advancements in technological and scientific fields, and the opening of the New 
World voyages 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:26:29 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: The Elizabethan age witnessed a flowering of the arts, thriving in the economy, 
advancements in technological and scientific fields, and the opening of the New World voyages 
 
 
5a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
Still more vivid were the English imitations of Plautus, which started already at 1533 with 
Ralph Roister Doister, by Nicholas Udall. Although being the school principal both at Eton 
and Westminster, he found in Plautus a model that favored jovial humor rather than grumpy 
didacticism. Udall's scope might have been a pedagogical one, attempting to offer an 
exercise to his students. However, he conceived his play as the English equivalent of a 
Roman comedy, from which he borrowed its common characters of the fool, the wanton 
and the parasite rascal. (GASSNER, 2010, p.224) 
Source: (adapted from) GASSNER, John. ''Christopher Marlowe''. In: GASSNER, John. 
Mestres do Teatro I. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2010. 
Critic John Gassner points out that Nicholas Udall might have been ''attempting to offer an 
exercise to his students''. This possibility comes into play because... 
 
 
... Plautus and Seneca were absolutely new playwrights for the English tradition. 
 
... Roman influences were not part of the education at Eton, so Udall provided an 
English example. 
 
... Seneca was already being used by other authors such as Marlowe, so Udall 
wanted to try something different. 
 ...Roman influences were part of grammar schools and university life in 
England¿s early modern period. 
 
... Plautus never stopped being a popular author, and Udall probably wanted his 
play to educate everyone in London. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:39:03 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: ...Roman influences were part of grammar schools and university life in 
England¿s early modern period. 
 
 
6a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
What is correct to claim about the English Reformation? 
I. it refused the existence of purgatory 
II. it debated questions of theology concerning free will and grace 
III. it questioned the sacraments 
 
 
Only I and III are true 
 
Only I and II are true 
 
Only II and III are true 
 I, II and III are true 
 
None of the above 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:27:16 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: I, II and III are true 
 
 
7a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
After leaving university, instead of taking orders and dedicating to a career in the Anglican 
church, Marlowe went to London and, there, giving ways to his restless temperament and to 
his brilliant mind, he lived a life of wantonness and fights both on the streets and in the 
taverns where he found those with a similar temperament (...). Marlowe's last encounter 
with the law was profoundly serious, when he faced the accusation of atheism and unpiety, 
grave faults at the time. (HELIODORA, 2015, p. 171) 
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma 
Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015. 
After reading the contextualization above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option 
indicating the correct set of affirmative(s). 
I. Marlowe had small problems with the law at his time and lived an untroubled life in 
London. 
II. Marlowe's settling in London was part of moving away from taking orders as an Anglican 
cleric. 
III. Marlowe's short career as a playwright was, probably, the result of the agitated life he 
had among drinks, fights and plays. 
 
 
II a III, only. 
 I and III, only. 
 
I, II and III. 
 
I, only. 
 
II, only. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:29:16 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: I and III, only. 
 
 
8a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
Queen Elizabeth's image was associated with classical and biblical models. Choose the 
alternative that best characterized how she intended to be perceived: 
 
 
Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Lonely Queen, married to her nation, 
mother to her people. 
 Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Virgin Queen, married to her nation, 
mother to her people. 
 
Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Gloriana, due to all the glory cast on her 
and on her people. 
 
Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Deborah, due to her adherence to 
Catholicism. 
 
Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Venus, due to her unique beauty. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:30:43 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Virgin Queen, married to her nation, 
mother to her people. 
 
 
9a 
 Questão / 
Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
The immediacy and concreteness of drama and the fact that it forces the spectator to 
interpret what is happening in front of him on a multitude of levels, compelling him to decide 
whether the tone of voice of the character was friendly or menacing or sarcastic, means 
that drama has all the qualities of the real world, the real situations we meet in life - but with 
one very decisive difference: in life the situations we are confronted with are real; in the 
theatre - or in the other forms of drama (radio, TV, the cinema) - they are merely acted, they 
are make-believe, play. (ESSLIN, 1976, p. 19; author's stress) 
Source: ESSLIN, Martin. An Anatomy of Drama. New York: Hill and Wang, 1996. 
According to the text above, the drama is ¿ 
 
 
...an absolute denial of reality as such towards a surrealist framework of 
entertainment. 
 
...a play between text and actors unattached to the reality of life situations 
surrounding it. 
 ...a play between audience and dramatic production aiming at a simulacrum of the 
situations we meet in life. 
 
...highly depending on the realness of the characters in scene for it to work 
properly. 
 
... a copycat of reality exactly as it is experienced in our everyday life conflicts and 
situations. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:35:56 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: ...a play between audience and dramatic production aiming at a simulacrum of 
the situations we meet in life. 
 
 
10a 
 Questão /Acerto: 0,2 / 0,2 
 
Why did Henry VIII start the English Reformation? 
 
 
because Anne Boleyn was pregnant. 
 because he wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon and the Pope would not 
grant it. 
 
because he did not want to be Catholic anymore. 
 
because he wanted a divorce from Anne Boleyn and the Pope would not grant it. 
 
because he refused the title the Defender of the Faith given by the Pope. 
Respondido em 10/03/2024 22:31:14 
 
Explicação: 
A resposta certa é: because he wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon and the Pope would not 
grant it.