Einstein 2020 e Famema 2020

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Vestibular EINSTEIN 2020 Medicina 01/12/2019
Obs.: Grau de Dificuldade da Questão
Grau 1 = fácil Grau 2 = médio fácil Grau 3 = médio difícil Grau 4 = difícil
	Texto
	Nº
	Gabarito
	Conteúdo
	ING x PORT
	Análise
	Grau de Dificuldade
	Cartum
	01
	B
	INT
	PORT
	Ideia Central
	2
	Cartum
	02
	D
	INT
	PORT
	Ideia Central
	2
	Artigo The Guardian
	11
	D
	INT
	ING
	Ideia Central
	2
	Artigo The Guardian
	12
	A
	INT
	ING
	Referente
	2
	Artigo The Guardian
	13
	E
	INT
	ING
	Localização
	2
	Artigo The Guardian
	14
	C
	INT
	ING
	Localização
	2
	Artigo The Guardian
	15
	B
	INT
	ING
	Localização
	2
Examine o cartum de Steinberg, publicado em seu Instagram em 21.06.2019, para responder às questões 01 e 02.
“All I’m saying is, I wished for an endless summer vacation, and now the glaciers are
melting.”
VOCABULÁRIO
1- endless = interminável
2- glaciers = glaciares, geleiras
3- melting = derretendo
QUESTÃO 01
No cartum, a criança
(A) mostra-se inconformada com o destino da excursão escolar.
(B) sente-se responsável por um fenômeno climático.
(C) sente-se frustrada com o final das férias.
(D) mostra-se preocupada com as condições climáticas de seu destino turístico.
(E) sente-se triste por não poder viajar durante o verão.
Como se infere pela fala dela, que representa a ideia central da mensagem transmitida.
	EINSTEIN 2020 e FAMEMA 2020
	
Prof. Chico
QUESTÃO 02
Quanto ao sentido, o provérbio que se relaciona mais diretamente com a fala da criança é:
(A) “Deus dá o frio conforme o cobertor”.
(B) “Se você deseja mover montanhas amanhã, precisa começar a levantar pedras hoje”.
(C) “Quem não sabe de onde veio nunca vai encontrar o seu destino”.
(D) “Cuidado com o que você deseja, pois poderá ser atendido”.
(E) “Aquele que nunca se queimou ao sol não sabe o valor da sombra”.
Como se infere pela fala dela, que representa a ideia central da mensagem transmitida.
Leia o texto para responder às questões de 11 a 15.
Sometimes, it is the very ordinariness of a scene that makes it terrifying. So it was with a clip from a recent BBC documentary on facial recognition technology. A man tries to avoid the cameras, covering his face by pulling up his jacket. He is stopped by the police and forced to have his photo taken. He is then fined £90 for “disorderly behavior”. “What’s your suspicion?” someone asks the police. “The fact that he’s walked past clearly masking his face from recognition,” replies one of the officers. If you want to protect your privacy, it must be because you have something to hide.
There is considerable concern in the west about Chinese tech firms acting as Trojan horses for Beijing. But perhaps we should worry less about the tech companies than about the social use of technology. Because it’s not just in China that “algorithmic governance” is beginning to take hold. As the tech entrepreneur Maciej Ceglowski pointed out before the US Senate, “Until recently, even people living in a police state could count on the fact that the authorities didn’t have enough equipment or manpower to observe everyone, everywhere, and so enjoyed more freedom from monitoring than we do living in a free society today.”
Surveillance is at the heart, too, of “smart cities”. From Amsterdam to Dubai to Toronto, cities are embracing technology to collect data on citizens, ostensibly to make public services and urban spaces function better. But what smart cities also enable is a new form of policing. As the mayor of Rio de Janeiro said of the “integrated urban command centre” built for the 2016 Olympics, the system “allows us to have people looking into every corner of the city, 24 hours a day, seven days a week”.
Buses that run on time and rubbish that is efficiently cleared are good things (in most smart cities, and in Rio as well, neither actually happens). There is, however, more to the good life than an ordered city. Human flourishing requires the existence of a sphere of life outside public scrutiny; not only within the intimacy of the home but also in semi-private spaces such as the workplace or the church or the pub. It’s that kind of space shielded from scrutiny that increasingly is vanishing. As Ceglowski observed, one of the features of the “new world of ambient surveillance” is that “we cannot opt out of it, any more than we might opt out of automobile culture by refusing to drive”. And that is possibly the most disturbing thought of all.
(Kenan Malik. www.theguardian.com, 19.05.2019. Adaptado.)
VOCABULÁRIO
1- very ordinariness = a própria condição de ser comum
2- terrifying = aterrorizante
3- pulling up his jacket = levanter o paletó
4- fined £90 = multado em 90 libras
5- disorderly behavior = comportamento desordeiro
6- to hide = ocultar, esconder
7- concern = preocupação 
8- Trojan horses = cavalos de Tróia
9- algorithmic governance = governança algorítmica
10- to take hold = dominar
11- tech entrepreneur = empreendedor da área tecnológica
12- manpower = força de trabalho
13- Surveillance = vigilância
14- are embracing = estão adotando
15- ostensibly = ostensivamente
16- enable = capacitar, possibilitar
17- mayor = prefeito
18- rubbish = lixo
19- flourishing = prosperidade
20- public scrutiny = escrutínio público, inspeção detalhada
21- shielded = protegido
22- is vanishing = está desaparecendo
23- features = características
24- we cannot opt out of it = não podemos optar por sair
25- refusing to drive = recusando dirigir
QUESTÃO 11
The text discusses an issue of worldwide concern in the present days, namely,
(A) the main gains and losses brought about by the newest surveillance technologies.
(B) changes in people´s everyday behavior due to the spread of face tracking cameras.
(C) the dispute over the legitimacy of facial recognition technology use.
(D) the unprecedented scale in which actions of citizens are being monitored.
(E) governments’ outrageous policies to control their populations’ every step.
Como se infere pela leitura do texto como um todo.
QUESTÃO 12
In the first paragraph, the word “terrifying” is being used to refer to
(A) an act to preserve one’s own privacy being interpreted as an attempt to conceal something.
(B) the fact anyone walking on the street these days is a potential suspect of “disorderly behavior”.
(C) the violence with which the police tend to treat simple common people.
(D) the arrest of a man just because he tried to hide from a camera by covering his face.
(E) documentaries which improperly identify ordinary people from the streets.
* Aquilo a que se refere a palavra “terrifying” surge logo depois dela, no trecho que relata uma cena de um documentário da BBC, “So it was with a clip from a recent BBC documentary on facial recognition technology. A man tries to avoid the cameras, covering his face by pulling up his jacket. He is stopped by the police and forced to have his photo taken. He is then fined £90 for “disorderly behavior”.
QUESTÃO 13
The second paragraph mentions a contradiction, which is the fact that
(A) a Chinese tech company is the one responsible for most of the surveillance services in western countries.
(B) considerably greater fear about exaggerated surveillance is felt in the west than in countries like China nowadays.
(C) the social use of technology is far more worrying and potentially dangerous than the technology itself.
(D) surveillance measures taken to protect peoples and countries are in fact harming them.
(E) people in older enforced regimens were less subject to monitoring than are the people in the open societies of today.
Como se lê no trecho “Until recently, even people living in a police state could count on the fact that the authorities didn’t have enough equipment or manpower to observe everyone, everywhere, and so enjoyed more freedom from monitoring than we do living in a free society today.”
QUESTÃO 14
Rio de Janeiro is mentioned in the third and fourth paragraphs because it
(A) was the first Olympic Games host city to have an integrated urban surveillance center.
(B) is a smart city from South Americaplaced side by side with smart cities from highly developed northern countries.
(C) illustrates the argument that certain uses of technology to collect data about citizens are also a kind of policing.
(D) has been seen as the perfect example of a smart city with very low efficiency levels.
(E) contradicts the illusion that smart cities necessarily offer their population a safer life.
Como se lê nos trechos “As the mayor of Rio de Janeiro said of the “integrated urban command centre” built for the 2016 Olympics, the system “allows us to have people looking into every corner of the city, 24 hours a day, seven days a week” e também em “Buses that run on time and rubbish that is efficiently cleared are good things (in most smart cities, and in Rio as well, neither actually happens)”.
QUESTÃO 15
The reading of the fourth paragraph implies that the author of the text
(A) condemns any use of cameras in the intimacy of the home or semi-private environments.
(B) agrees with the assertion that evading from surveillance is not a simple matter of personal choice.
(C) consents to the idea that people should as much as possible avoid ambient surveillance.
(D) defends the need for more conscious monitoring in our cities worldwide.
(E) believes that prosperity depends on the freedom people enjoy in their private lives.
Como se lê no trecho “As Ceglowski observed, one of the features of the “new world of ambient surveillance” is that “we cannot opt out of it, any more than we might opt out of automobile culture by refusing to drive”. And that is possibly the most disturbing thought of all.”
Vestibular FAMEMA 2020 Medicina 08/12/2019
	Texto
	Nº
	Gabarito
	Conteúdo
	ING x PORT
	Análise
	Grau de Dificuldade
	Artigo NYTimes
	31
	D
	INT
	ING
	Localização
	2
	Artigo NYTimes
	32
	A
	GRAM
	PORT
	Conectivos
	1
	Artigo NYTimes
	33
	C
	INT
	ING
	Referente
	2
	Artigo NYTimes
	34
	A
	VOC
	PORT
	Tradução
	3
	Gráfico
	35
	B
	INT
	ING
	Localização
	1
Leia o texto para responder às questões de 31 a 34.
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)
VOCABULÁRIO
1- body of evidence = conjunto de evidências
2- self-esteem = auto-estima
3- attention spans = capacidade de concentração
4- skills = habilidades
5- devices = dispositivos, equipamentos
6- raising levels = níveis crescentes
7- may be threatening = podem estar ameaçando
8- shortening our lives = encurtando nossas vidas
9- cortisol spikes = picos de cortisol
10- matter = importer, ter importância
11- average American = americano mediano
12- staring at = encarando
13- within arm’s reach = ao alcance das mãos
14- tracking app = aplicativo de monitoramento
15- in sight = à vista
16- nearby = próximo, por perto
17- addiction = vício
18- unpleasant = desagradável
19- Soothe = acalmar, tranquilizar
20- in the long run = a longo prazo
21- craving = fissura, desejo forte
22- have been tied = tem sido ligados
23- fertility issues = problemas de fertilidade
24- stroke = derrame, acidente vascular cerebral
QUESTÃO 31
According to the text, smartphones may
(A) diminish stress-related hormone cortisol.
(B) release anti-anxiety hormones.
(C) induce creativity and decision-making skills.
(D) be hazardous to our long-term health.
(E) improve human life in the long run.
Como se lê no trecho “...our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives” e também em “… probably will make things worse in the long run”.
QUESTÃO 32
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices”, o termo sublinhado introduz uma
(A) oposição.
(B) conclusão.
(C) exclusão.
(D) adição.
(E) explicação.
But é um conectivo de oposição.
QUESTÃO 33
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “If they happened only occasionally”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a:
(A) “the body’s main stress hormone”.
(B) “our phones”.
(C) “phone-induced cortisol spikes”.
(D) “the average American”.
(E) “four hours a day”.
O referente vem logo depois na sequência da sentença em “If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter..”
QUESTÃO 34
No trecho do último parágrafo “while doing so might soothe you for a second”, o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a
(A) acalmar.
(B) afastar.
(C) impedir.
(D) dominar.
(E) inibir.
O verbo “to soothe” significa acalmar, tranquilizar.