Simulado 1 e 2 Literat Inglesa I

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Over the years, Elizabeth I learned to use her single state as a political tool. Choose the alternative that best explains why that was possible: 
		
	 
	She claimed to have married her nation.  
	
	This raised questions of succession. 
	
	This way she could be perceived as the Virgin Queen, by being associated with biblical models.  
	 
	The possibility of marrying the queen of England became a bait either to draw in enemies, or to frighten them by suggesting Elizabeth would marry one of their enemies. 
	
	A woman could only raise to the throne at that time if unmarried.  
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 16:33:55
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: The possibility of marrying the queen of England became a bait either to draw in enemies, or to frighten them by suggesting Elizabeth would marry one of their enemies. 
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The Elizabethan Age (or Golden Age) was a period in which music, art and literature thrived. Choose the alternative which contains representatives of this flowering of the arts: 
		
	
	Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser and Geoffrey Chaucer 
	
	Thomas Kyd, John Milton and William Shakespeare 
	
	Edmund Spenser, John Milton and John Donne 
	 
	William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser 
	
	William Shakespeare, Thomas Kyd and Geoffrey Chaucer 
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 16:10:58
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser 
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Why did Henry VIII start the English Reformation? 
		
	 
	because he wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon and the Pope would not grant it.  
	
	because he refused the title the Defender of the Faith given by the Pope. 
	
	because he did not want to be Catholic anymore. 
	
	because he wanted a divorce from Anne Boleyn and the Pope would not grant it.  
	
	because Anne Boleyn was pregnant. 
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 16:11:06
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: because he wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon and the Pope would not grant it.  
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	After leaving university, instead of taking orders and dedicating to a career in the Anglican church, Marlowe went to London and, there, giving ways to his restless temperament and to his brilliant mind, he lived a life of wantonness and fights both on the streets and in the taverns where he found those with a similar temperament (...). Marlowe's last encounter with the law was profoundly serious, when he faced the accusation of atheism and unpiety, grave faults at the time. (HELIODORA, 2015, p. 171)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
After reading the contextualization above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option indicating the correct set of affirmative(s).
I. Marlowe had small problems with the law at his time and lived an untroubled life in London.
II. Marlowe's settling in London was part of moving away from taking orders as an Anglican cleric.
III. Marlowe's short career as a playwright was, probably, the result of the agitated life he had among drinks, fights and plays.
		
	 
	I and III, only.
	
	I, only.
	
	II, only.
	
	I, II and III.
	
	II a III, only.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 16:11:11
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: I and III, only.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	[Regarding the cycles], each guild was responsible for representing just one episode, staged on top of a wheel cart and, on the day of [Corpus Christi], following the sequence of the Bible, these carts enacted the whole collection of mysteries, from Genesis to Judgement Day (...). It is obvious that on top of these carts it was not possible to stage big scenarios, so that this scenic tradition has two important consequences for the Elizabethan Theater: the absence of scenarios, with a common scenic space for every action in play, and the challenge to create visual images through their words to compensate for this absence of scenarios. (HELIODORA, 2015, p.16-17)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
I. Elizabethan theater was known for its lack of props and scenarios on the stage.
BECAUSE
II. They had a lot of problems with rats at Southbank, which usually destroyed all the props and clothing of the plays.
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
		
	
	Affirmatives I and II are false.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	 
	Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 16:12:57
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The next step on the development [of theater] takes place when the members of various guilds, who really liked acting in the cycles, decided that they wanted to do theater and, abandoned their original crafts, organized themselves into small itinerant groups, that walked around looking for audiences. These small groups faced a very serious problem, because, abandoning the realm of religious activity, they were prohibited to make their plays based on biblical tropes [or about the life of Saints]. The positive result of this prohibition is that it determined the emergence of original authors. (HELIODORA, 2015, p. 17)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
Identify the option that correctly explains how the first morality plays happened to come into England's theatrical scene.
		
	
	Morality plays always existed throughout England, but they got to the city only after Elizabeth I was crowned.
	
	Morality plays were prohibited by the Crown because they enacted Vice and Virtue as insurrectionists.
	
	Morality plays were part of a circuit of biblical episodes which aimed at moralizing its audience by enacting testimonies of the Church¿s beliefs.
	
	Morality plays came to be only after atheism became a popular practice in Renaissance England.
	 
	Morality plays started to be written after a group of men left their various guilds to live theater as their craft.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 16:15:58
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Morality plays started to be written after a group of men left their various guilds to live theater as their craft.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Reread these lines from Othello and Romeo and Juliet, respectively, and choose the correct alternative comparing the notion of ''pilgrimage'' on them.
(1) ''She'd come again, and with a greedy ear/ Devour up my discourse, which I, observing,/ Took once a pliant hour and found good means/ To draw from her a prayer of earnest heart/ That I would all my pilgrimage dilate,/ Where of by parcels she had something heard/ But not intentively. I did consent,/ And often did beguile her of her tears/ When I did speak of some distressful stroke/ That my youth suffered.'' (1.3.151-160)
(2) ''If I profane with my unworthiest hand/ This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this:/ My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand/ To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss.'' (1.5.92-95)
		
	
	While quote (1) alludes to an abstract notion of ''pilgrimage'', bound to time rather than space, quote (2) is a reference to Romeo's literal trips to be with his lover.
	
	None of these scenes allude to a metaphorical meaning for ''pilgrimage'', since both Othello and Romeo have faced long trips to be with their lovers.
	
	Both extracts allude to a metaphorical idea of ''pilgrimage''. The difference lies in the contexts: Othelloalludes to a trip to a distant past when talking to his lover and Romeo refers to his very lips as ''pilgrims'' that would find his lover's.
	
	In both passages the characters convey devotion to their beloved maids, but only the second quote refers to the literal meaning of ''pilgrimage''.
	 
	The first extract alludes to the denotational meaning of the word ''pilgrimage'', for Othello had travelled to distant lands. In the second, in contrast, Romeo evokes the image of the pilgrims to metaphorically undermine himself in comparison to his beloved and idealized maid.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 16:18:12
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: The first extract alludes to the denotational meaning of the word ''pilgrimage'', for Othello had travelled to distant lands. In the second, in contrast, Romeo evokes the image of the pilgrims to metaphorically undermine himself in comparison to his beloved and idealized maid.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Analyze the following dialogue, retrieved from the play Romeo and Juliet, and choose the most appropriate alternative.
''Lady Capulet: Tell me, daughter Juliet,
How stands your disposition to be married?
Juliet: It is an honor that I dream not of.
Nurse: An honor! Were not I thine only nurse,
I would say thou hadst sucked wisdom from thy teat.'' (1.3.66- 71)
		
	
	The Nurse recurs to humour in order to characterize Lady Capulet as unwise.
	
	The exclamation on the Nurse's initial utterance conveys a tone of reproach towards Juliet's line.
	 
	In such scene, the Nurse uses humour to position herself as an unwise or fool character, in opposition to Juliet (her wistful interlocutor).
	
	Both Juliet and the Nurse recur to humour and irony to express their negative views on marriage.
	
	Both Lady Capulet and the Nurse convey a humorous and cheerful tone in the scene.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 16:17:27
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: In such scene, the Nurse uses humour to position herself as an unwise or fool character, in opposition to Juliet (her wistful interlocutor).
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The poems addressed to the 'Dark Lady' begin with a justification of her complexion - it is assumed from the outset that her variance from the traditional ideal requires a justification.
In the old age black was not counted fair,
Or if it were it bore not beauty's name;
But now is black beauty's successive heir,
And beauty slandered with a bastard shame' (from Sonnet 127)
Source: ORGEL, Stephen. ''Introduction''. In: SHAKESPEARE, William. The Sonnets. EVANS, G. Blakemore (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
After reading the exposition above, we understand that the 'Dark Lady' of Shakespeare's Sonnets
		
	
	... imitates Petrarch's idealized Laura in all aspects but content.
	
	... differs from Petrarch¿s idealized Muse only to follow his contemporary, Edmund Spenser.
	
	... is the same as the Petrarchan ideal of his sonneteer's beloved.
	 
	... differs from the Petrarchan ideal of his sonneteer's beloved.
	
	... alters only the name of the Petrarchan idealized Laura.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 19:04:34
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: ... differs from the Petrarchan ideal of his sonneteer's beloved.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	So suggestive, in fact, are the circumstances described here (and elsewhere) [about the Sonnets] that readers will be forever tempted to posit a 'story' for the Sonnets. But if there is a larger story, it is of interest because it is realized in the particular, which is not to say that the Sonnets altogether lack an element of narrative, but that narrative is embedded in the recognition of newly intense emotional exchanges and changes in the imagined relationship.
Source: POST, Jonathan F. Shakespeare's Sonnets and Poems: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
After reading the contextualization above, read the affirmative below.
I. Together, the sonnets in Shakespeare's sequence sketch a storyline about the sonneteer.
II. Alone, each sonnet reveals a state of mind (and heart) sprung out from the suggested series of events.
III. Reading in between sonnets is helpful to establish new connections among the sequence.
		
	
	I and III, only.
	 
	I, II and III.
	
	II, only.
	
	II a III, only.
	
	I, only.
	Choose the alternative that best describes the reign of Elizabeth I, also known as Elizabethan age:   
		
	
	It was a period when England consolidated the religious Reformation initiated by Mary I, or the ''Bloody Mary'', asserting itself as a great European power. 
	
	It was a period that witnessed the first time a woman raised to the throne.  
	
	It was a period of great peace and stability due to ''The Act of Supremacy of 1558''. 
	
	It was a period of great political stability thanks to ''the Elizabethan Settlement''.  
	 
	The Elizabethan age witnessed a flowering of the arts, thriving in the economy, advancements in technological and scientific fields, and the opening of the New World voyages 
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 18:46:48
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: The Elizabethan age witnessed a flowering of the arts, thriving in the economy, advancements in technological and scientific fields, and the opening of the New World voyages 
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Queen Elizabeth's image was associated with classical and biblical models. Choose the alternative that best characterized how she intended to be perceived:  
		
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Venus, due to her unique beauty. 
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Deborah, due to her adherence to Catholicism.
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as Gloriana, due to all the glory cast on her and on her people.  
	
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Lonely Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people.
	 
	Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Virgin Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people. 
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 18:50:43
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Above all, she self-fashioned herself as the Virgin Queen, married to her nation, mother to her people. 
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The Elizabethan Age (or Golden Age) was a period in which music, art and literature thrived. Choose the alternative which contains representatives of this flowering of the arts: 
		
	
	Thomas Kyd, John Milton and William Shakespeare 
	
	William Shakespeare, Thomas Kyd and Geoffrey Chaucer 
	 
	William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser 
	
	Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser and Geoffrey Chaucer 
	
	Edmund Spenser, John Milton and John Donne 
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 18:52:40
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser 
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The next step on the development [of theater] takes place when the members of various guilds, who really liked acting in the cycles, decided that they wanted to do theater and, abandoned their original crafts, organized themselves into small itinerant groups, that walked around looking for audiences. These small groups faced a very serious problem, because, abandoning the realm of religious activity, they were prohibited to make their plays based on biblical tropes [or about the life of Saints]. The positive result of this prohibition is that it determined the emergence of original authors. (HELIODORA, 2015, p. 17)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
Identify the option that correctly explains how the first morality plays happened to come into England's theatrical scene.
		
	
	Morality plays were prohibited by the Crown because they enacted Vice and Virtue as insurrectionists.
	
	Morality plays were part of a circuit ofbiblical episodes which aimed at moralizing its audience by enacting testimonies of the Church¿s beliefs.
	 
	Morality plays started to be written after a group of men left their various guilds to live theater as their craft.
	
	Morality plays always existed throughout England, but they got to the city only after Elizabeth I was crowned.
	
	Morality plays came to be only after atheism became a popular practice in Renaissance England.
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 18:50:56
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Morality plays started to be written after a group of men left their various guilds to live theater as their craft.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	After leaving university, instead of taking orders and dedicating to a career in the Anglican church, Marlowe went to London and, there, giving ways to his restless temperament and to his brilliant mind, he lived a life of wantonness and fights both on the streets and in the taverns where he found those with a similar temperament (...). Marlowe's last encounter with the law was profoundly serious, when he faced the accusation of atheism and unpiety, grave faults at the time. (HELIODORA, 2015, p. 171)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
After reading the contextualization above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option indicating the correct set of affirmative(s).
I. Marlowe had small problems with the law at his time and lived an untroubled life in London.
II. Marlowe's settling in London was part of moving away from taking orders as an Anglican cleric.
III. Marlowe's short career as a playwright was, probably, the result of the agitated life he had among drinks, fights and plays.
		
	
	I, II and III.
	 
	I and III, only.
	
	II a III, only.
	
	I, only.
	
	II, only.
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 18:51:09
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: I and III, only.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	[Regarding the cycles], each guild was responsible for representing just one episode, staged on top of a wheel cart and, on the day of [Corpus Christi], following the sequence of the Bible, these carts enacted the whole collection of mysteries, from Genesis to Judgement Day (...). It is obvious that on top of these carts it was not possible to stage big scenarios, so that this scenic tradition has two important consequences for the Elizabethan Theater: the absence of scenarios, with a common scenic space for every action in play, and the challenge to create visual images through their words to compensate for this absence of scenarios. (HELIODORA, 2015, p.16-17)
Source: (adapted from) HELIODORA, Bárbara. ''Dramaturgia Elizabetana: Uma Introdução''. In: Dramaturgia Elizabetana. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015.
I. Elizabethan theater was known for its lack of props and scenarios on the stage.
BECAUSE
II. They had a lot of problems with rats at Southbank, which usually destroyed all the props and clothing of the plays.
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
		
	
	Affirmatives I and II are false.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification of I.
	
	Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
	
	Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct justification of I.
	 
	Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 18:59:22
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Reread part of Othello's speech in court to try to convince the Senate that his love for Desdemona is reciprious. Then, choose the most appropriate option. ''It was my hint to speak-such was my process-/ And of the cannibals that each other eat,/ The Anthropophagi, and men whose heads/ Do grow beneath their shoulders. These things to hear/ Would Desdemona seriously incline.'' (1.3.166-170)
		
	 
	The highlighted extract reports part of a series of terrible events in the moore's life, which included slavory and trips to remote territories, but which prove one of his characteristics that attracted Desdemona: his bravery.
	
	By the time Othello addressed the Senate, Desdemona's father was not aware of the moor's life events.
	
	Othello claims that he has always avoided reporting his painful past, but felt comfortable to do so in Desdemona's presence.
	
	In such lines, Othello admits that Desmona feared him after becoming acquainted with his past.
	
	The moore's main argument revolves around the report of Desdemona's admiration for his bravery during his trips, even though she does not agree with his description of natives of foreign lands.
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 19:00:04
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: The highlighted extract reports part of a series of terrible events in the moore's life, which included slavory and trips to remote territories, but which prove one of his characteristics that attracted Desdemona: his bravery.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Complete the gaps in the following statements, so that they become true.
Shakespeare alluded to a variety of previous works of art and references in his plots, some of which originated in medieval periods. For instance, some characters' villainy mingled with humorous asides originated from (1) _____________. Similarly, the lascivious (2) _____________ in between acts have their roots in the folkloric morris dance. When it comes to Antique literature references, a pervasive archetype is the one of (3) _____________, who encumbers the lovers' relationships.
		
	
	(1) jigs/ (2) Everyman/ (3) the blocking father
	
	(1) the blocking father/ (2) jigs/ (3) the Vice
	
	(1) jigs/ (2) Vices/ (3) the blocking father
	
	(1) Everyman/ (2) Vices/ (3) the blocking father
	 
	(1) the Vice/ (2) jigs/ (3) the blocking father
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 19:02:30
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: (1) the Vice/ (2) jigs/ (3) the blocking father
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Sodomy was a capital crime, and fulminations against the act were a staple of polemical literature of all kinds. Antitheatrical tracts assumed that boys who played the women's roles on stage played them in life as well; anti-Catholic invective declared ecclesiastical celibacy to be a cover for institutionalized buggery; judicial indictments for political or religious crimes often included additional charges of sodomy - indeed, sodomy tended to serve as a gloss on whatever the culture considered worst or most threatening: those accused of atheism or sedition were almost invariably declared also to be sodomites. The corollary, however, is that the charge is almost never found in isolation; and, in fact, the legal definition of sodomy was exceedingly narrow.
Source: ORGEL, Stephen. ''Introduction''. In: SHAKESPEARE, William. The Sonnets. EVANS, G. Blakemore (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Mark the alternative which correctly points out why Shakespeare's overtly homoerotical sonnets could be part of this cultural scene.
		
	 
	Sodomy was not equivalent to homoeroticism; actually, in Elizabethan England friendship and love between men was a common part of the patronage system.
	
	The court¿s homosexual practices in Elizabeth England surpassed the law against sodomy.
	
	Since sodomy was a capital crime in England during the Elizabethan age, the sonnets participation on this cultural scene can be understood as a moral practice.
	
	Because Shakespeare was not directly involved with the publication of the 1609 edition, it is possible that he did not want these sonnets to come out in the public.
	
	Sodomy in poetry was a common trope since it goes back to Greek democracy in which men¿s love for men was part of society.
	Respondido em 19/10/2021 19:04:29
	
	Explicação:
A resposta certa é: Sodomy was not equivalent to homoeroticism; actually, in Elizabethan England friendshipand love between men was a common part of the patronage system.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The poems addressed to the 'Dark Lady' begin with a justification of her complexion - it is assumed from the outset that her variance from the traditional ideal requires a justification.
In the old age black was not counted fair,
Or if it were it bore not beauty's name;
But now is black beauty's successive heir,
And beauty slandered with a bastard shame' (from Sonnet 127)
Source: ORGEL, Stephen. ''Introduction''. In: SHAKESPEARE, William. The Sonnets. EVANS, G. Blakemore (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
After reading the exposition above, we understand that the 'Dark Lady' of Shakespeare's Sonnets
		
	 
	... differs from the Petrarchan ideal of his sonneteer's beloved.
	
	... imitates Petrarch's idealized Laura in all aspects but content.
	
	... alters only the name of the Petrarchan idealized Laura.
	
	... is the same as the Petrarchan ideal of his sonneteer's beloved.
	
	... differs from Petrarch¿s idealized Muse only to follow his contemporary, Edmund Spenser.