Fundamentos da Tradução em Língua Inglesa - Exercícios

Prévia do material em texto

Fundamentos da Tradução em Língua Inglesa. 
Exercício 1 – Aula 1. 
1 – The study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that 
enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language, 
and which can be helpful in translation studies is also known as: 
R = psycholinguistics 
2 – Read the text below: 
"In the early years of the 15th century, Renaissance humanists 
insisted that the capacity to translate texts from Greek and Hebrew 
into Latin, and later into and between vernacular tongues, was a 
critical aspect of grammar and rhetoric. When performed by 
students, schoolmasters claimed that translation and double 
translation facilitated eloquence in both languages. When performed 
by adepts, men and women of letters praised translation for 
transmitting texts to a new or wider readership, or to a more 
culturally and geographically specific one. Contemporaries regarded 
translations as literary works in their own right." 
http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399301/obo-9780195399301-0290.xml 
According to the text above, we can state that umanism inspired 
the translation of many ancient texts and the job of translating a text 
from a foreign language into one's vernacular was seen by many 
as (choose the right option): 
R = a contribution to national literature 
3 – Read the text below: 
The word 'theory' probably comes from the Greek theā, view + -
horan, to see - to theorize is to look at a view (the word theater has 
the same origins). A theory sets the scene where the generalization 
and selection process takes place. Translators are thus constantly 
theorizing as part of the regular practice of translating. 
This private, internal theorizing becomes public when translators 
discuss what they do. They occasionally theorize out loud when 
talking with other translators or with clients, sometimes with fellow 
students or instructors. Sometimes this out-loud theorizing involves 
no more than a few shared terms for the things we are dealing with. 
(PYM, Anthony. Exploring Translation Theories.) 
► One of the concepts devised by translators has to the with 
Source Text, which means: 
R = The material from which translators depart from 
4 – Complete the sentence: "A competent translator...... 
R = must have a profound understanding of the etymological and 
idiomatic correlates between the two languages." 
5 – "The Renaissance" was known as: 
R = "the great age of translations". 
6 – A frase "Traduttori, traditori" é frequentemente ouvida em 
conversas sobre tradução. Seu significado reforça a noção de que 
R = toda tradução será sempre um imperfeição se comparada ao 
texto original. 
7 – Newmark (1981) suggests a series of strategies to cater for 
cultural gaps in translation, EXCEPT: 
R = cultural mismatch 
8 – Algumas pessoas moram algum tempo no exterior e, ao 
retornarem à terra natal, acreditam que poderão obter sucesso na 
carreira de tradutor por conta do conhecimento que detém da língua 
estrangeira. Elas acreditam, ainda, que as eventuais dúvidas 
relacionadas ao idioma poderão ser facilmente resolvidas com a 
ajuda de um bom dicionário. Esta crença ratifica a ideia equivocada 
de que, para a tarefa tradutória, 
R = o conhecimento meramente linguístico será sempre suficiente. 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 2. 
1 – Once the translator has accepted a translation task, there are 
certain basic stages that should be followed. Choose the option that 
does not follow the basic stages: 
R = Client disapproval: The first draft of the document is not sent to 
the client. 
2 – Translations can be classified into many different categories. 
Mark the FAKE category: 
R = language (formal, infromal); 
3 – Kind of translation that keeps the meaning from the SL but uses 
the natural forms of the TL, also known as idiomatic translation. The 
prior sentence is a good definition for: 
R = free translation 
4 – We have learned different types of translations. Choose the 
WRONG definition about one type: 
R = Consecutive - Type of written translation in which the SL is 
translated into the TL after the utterance has been made. 
5 – The type of translation in which a computer program analyses a 
source text and produces a target text without any human 
intervention is called: 
R = Mechanical translation 
6 – Read the text below: 
Alternatively, literature may be seen as a cluster of conventionally-
agreed component genres. Conventional 'core literary' genres are 
drama, poetry and fictional prose; even here, however, a text may 
only display some of the features listed above. There also appear to 
be 'peripherally literary' genres, where criteria such as written base-
form, canonicity or fictionality are relaxed, as in the case of dubbed 
films. 
(Adapted from: Baker and Saldanha, 2009, p. 152) 
The text above has been translated into Brazilian Portuguese 
as follows: 
A literatura pode ser vista como um agrupamento de gêneros 
convencionais - drama, poesia e prosa fictícia; no entanto, um texto 
pode exibir apenas alguns dos recursos listados acima, embora 
também pareça haver gêneros ''eriféricos literários', em que certos 
critérios de rigorosidade literária são relaxados. 
► What type of translation was performed if we compare the 
source text and the target text? 
R = Summative translation 
7 – Take a look at the two pictures below and then read the text that 
follows. 
 
 
 
According to Jakobson's definitions of translations, the first picture is 
an example of intralingual translation and the second picture is an 
example of interlingual translation. 
BECAUSE 
The first picture instantiates translation within a language which 
would involve explaining it in words of the same language 
(paraphrase); whereas the second picture instantiates translation 
from one language into another or reinterpretation of the message in 
another linguistic code (comics - cinema). 
Analisando das duas asserções em relação às duas figuras, 
concluímos que: 
R = As duas asserções são proposições falsas. 
8 – The period called THE GREAT AGE OF TRANSLATION can be 
said to refer to: 
R = The Renaissance, a cultural movement which encompassed 
innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literature 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 2. 
1 – Read the text below: 
Typical features attributed to these types of texts include the 
following: they have a written base-form, though they may also 
be spoken; they enjoy canonicity (high social prestige); they fulfil an 
affective/aesthetic rather than transactional or informational function, 
aiming to provoke emotions and/or entertain rather than influence or 
inform; they have no real-world truth-value - i.e. they are judged as 
fictional, whether fact-based or not; they feature words, images, etc., 
with ambiguous and/or indeterminable meanings; they are 
characterized by 'poetic' language use (where language form is 
important in its own right, as with word-play or rhyme) and 
heteroglossia (i.e. they contain more than one 'voice'; and they may 
draw on minoritized styles - styles outside the dominant standard, 
for example slang or archaism. 
(Adapted from: Baker and Saldanha, 2009, p. 152) 
► The previous text highlights essential characteristics of a 
specific type of texts which normally poses a great challenge to 
translators. Which one? 
R = Literary texts 
2 – Imagine this situation: The translator decides to give extra 
information to the TL reader. So how can he do it? Mark the best 
way to provide this extra information: 
R = Create a footnote. 
3 – They had ___ arrived when they were told to go back to their 
houses again. 
R = already 
4 – Choose the correct alternative that bridges the gap of the 
sentence:: Mr. John's secretary was ill last week, so he had to type 
the letters _____. 
R = himself. 
5 – Sworn translators are those who translate for legal equivalence. 
Here is a listof documents they translate. Match the document in 
English with its Portuguese translation: 
 
1 - death certificate ( ) a. carteira de habilitação 
2 - will ( ) b. petição inicial 
3 - driving license ( ) c. acordo 
4 - initial petition ( ) d. certidão de óbito 
5 - agreement ( ) e. testamento 
R = 1D - 2E - 3A - 4B - 5C 
6 – A alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas I, II e III de 
1) No news ..I.. good news; 2) The Brazilian people ..II.. very 
friendly; 3) Your cattle ..III.. there; é: 
R = I - is / II - are / III - are 
7 – The work of an interpreter is very stressing and requires a lot of 
ability and practice from the professional. Some of the skills required 
include, except: 
R = Having low professional standards and professional conduct. 
8 – Considerando o contexto brasileiro, verter um texto significa 
R = escrevê-lo em uma língua estrangeira respeitando a ideia 
original de seu autor. 
 
Exercício 3 – Aula 2. 
8 – "Watch out" means ___. 
R = be careful 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 3. 
1 – In the relation between English and Portuguese, are examples of 
false cognates: 
R = Actually, college, grip, cigar 
2 – Pragmatics is another issue worth investigating for the study of 
translation. People design their linguistic messages on the basis of 
large-scale assumptions. If someone says: "It is hot here!" there are 
some presuppositions. Mark the option which is NOT a hard 
evidence: 
R = Give me a coat. 
3 – A linguagem coloquial está presente não só na língua falada, 
mas também em textos escritos que reproduzem diálogos, por 
exemplo. Assim sendo, parte da tarefa do tradutor será adequar as 
chamadas expressões coloquiais ou idiomáticas à cultura local de 
maneira que as mesmas façam sentido para o público leitor. Um 
exemplo de expressão coloquial do inglês é "it¿s raining cats and 
dogs", cuja melhor tradução em português seria: 
R = “está chovendo canivetes”. 
4 – o "wet one's whistle" is to ___. 
R = have a drink. 
5 – Read the text below: 
Any comparison of two languages implies an examination of their 
mutual translatability; ... It is difficult to overestimate the urgent need 
for and the theoretical and practical significance of differential 
bilingual dictionaries with careful comparative definition of all the 
corresponding units in their intension and extension. Likewise 
differential bilingual grammars should define what unifies and what 
differentiates the two languages in their selection and delimitation of 
grammatical concepts. 
(JACKOBSON, Roman. On linguistic aspects of translation: 
Cambridge: CUP, 1959). 
 
► The text above highlights the importance of a specific kind of 
translation. Which one? 
R = Interlingual translation (or translation proper) 
6 – There are different types of translation. Choose the alternative 
that is an example of MECHANICAL TRANSLATION 
R = translation in which a computer program analyses a source text 
and produces a target text without any human intervention. 
7 – Pragmatics can be defined as: 
R = the study of the purposes for which sentences are used 
8 – Sapir-Whorf´s Hypothesis basically states that: 
R = certain ideas from a SL language cannot be understood by 
those who speak another language either because the structure or 
the semantics of the language does not have a corresponding 
message 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 3. 
1 – According to JaKobson, there are three kinds of translation. 
Mark the correct option: 
R = Intralingual / interlingual / intersemiotic; 
2 – (T)rue or (F)alse? According to Hejwowski (2004) translation is 
possible if: 
I) there is a common human experience which will allow the TL 
reader relate to the experience being described ( ) 
 II) there is similarity of mental and linguistic structures which will 
cater for the understanding of the message ( ) 
III) texts which would not attract anyone¿s attention or which would 
be translated out of context, would be likely to be translated ( ) 
 IV) there is empathy ( ) 
V) certain thoughts of speakers of a language that cannot be 
understood by individuals that speak another language ( ) 
The correct sequence for the nformation above is: 
R = T, T, F, T, F 
3 – To "walk all over" someone is to ___ them. 
R = impose on. 
4 – Na frase, "Can you believe she went out with him last night? But 
please, mum's the word", o trecho que pode ser considerado uma 
expressão idiomática que significa "boca de siri" é: 
R = “mum’s the word”. 
5 – As expressões sublinhadas e destacadas em negrito nas frases 
a seguir são consideradas expressões idiomáticas da língua 
inglesa: 
I don't know him from Adam. 
Your dress looks like something out of the ark. 
Ao traduzi-las para o português, o ideal é que o tradutor: 
R = Encontre expressões equivalentes, como "Nunca o vi mais 
gordo" ou "Seu vestido é do tempo da onça". 
6 – There are different types of translation. Choose the alternative 
that is an example of COMPUTER AIDED TRANSLATION 
R = machine translator. 
7 – A good translated work must have some aspects. Choose the 
option which is NOT match this idea: 
R = Use of a bad translator. 
8 – Corpus linguistics is a study of language and a method of 
linguistic analysis which uses a collection of natural or "real word" 
texts known as corpus. So corpus linguistics can aid the translator 
by: 
R = allowing analysis of multiple parameters at the same time 
(researchers can analyze a larger number of parameters 
simultaneously); 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 4. 
1 – Mark the correct alternative according to the order that 
adjectives must be placed before a noun: 
R = Intelligent and Young girl 
2 – The need of translation has been present in the history of 
mankind since the very beginning of times, and the first attempt to 
decode messages across language was that of translating the 
message from: 
R = God to the language of man. 
3 – According to the Newmark´s methods of translation, mark the 
option that does NOT agree with his ideas: 
R = Unfaithful translation: Respects grammar partially. No context-
based; 
4 – _____________ foi um dos primeiros linguistas a refletir sobre 
as contribuições da Linguística para os estudos da tradução. Em 
seu texto ¿On Linguistic Aspecto f Translation¿, ele discute 
questões cruciais na compreensão dos processos de tradução 
como sendo intralingual e interlingual, por exemplo. 
R = Roman Jakobson 
5 – Complete o diálogo, usando o advérbio correto:- Hasn't anyone 
caught the thief _____?- No, he has't been caught _____. He will be 
caught _____. 
R = yet – yet – soon. 
6 – If you are "quaking in your boots", you are ___. 
R = afraid. 
7 – Unit of translation (UT) depends on some aspects. Mark the 
WRONG aspect about them: 
R = A UT is the starting point for any translation, and it does not 
change according to the translator´s needs. 
8 – According to the Newmark´s methods of translation, what does 
"Idiomatic translation" mean? Mark the RIGHT meaning: 
R = May distort nuances of meaning. Message-based; 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 4. 
1 – Read the texts below: 
1. Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor 
alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, 
but are very much at the mercy of the particular language 
which has become the medium of expression for their society. 
It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality 
essentially without the use of language and that language is 
merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of 
communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the 
'real world' is to a large extent unconsciously built upon the 
language habits of the group. No two languages are ever 
sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same 
social reality. 
2. We dissect nature along lineslaid down by our native 
languages. The categories and types that we isolate from the 
world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare 
every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is 
presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to 
be organized by our minds - and this means largely by the 
linguistic systems in our minds. 
 (Adapted from: https://linguistlist.org/ask-ling) 
► The texts above highlights the essence of an important line of 
thought related to the impossibility of translating languages due to 
the fact that they are modelled by cultural and social factors. Which 
theoretical line of thought do the texts above refer to? 
R = Sapir-Whorf's hypothesis 
2 – According to the Newmark´s methods of translation, what does 
"Adaptation" mean? Mark the RIGHT meaning: 
R = Source language converted to target language. Context-based. 
3 – We have studied the Newmark´s methods of translation. Mark 
the WRONG definition about them: 
R = Non-adaptation: Source language should not convert to target 
language. 
4 – De acordo com a posição dos adjetivos, marque a alternativa 
correta. 
R = She has a clean cool looks. 
5 – "Quiet as a mouse" describes someone who is ___. 
R = timid. 
6 – Read the text below: 
In the preface to one of the few volumes specifically dedicated to 
cognitive processes in translation and interpreting, Shreve and 
Danks (1977: viii) suggest a number of initial questions that the work 
presented in that volume seeks to address: 
1. What are the unique characteristics of translation and 
interpreting relative to monolingual languaging processes? 
2. How are the cognitive processes of translation and interpreting 
the same as, and different than, monolingual reading, writing, 
speaking, and listening? 
3. What is the relationship between bilingual language 
processing and translation/interpreting 
4. skill? 
5. What cognitive learning mechanisms can account for the 
development of translation and interpreting abilities? 
6. What are the important cognitive parameters of the translation 
and interpreting tasks? 
7. What methods and models can be used to investigate the 
cognitive processes of translation and interpreting? 
► Which field of study can the previous text be related to? 
R = Psycholinguistics. 
7 – What are the three "Cs" of translation? Mark the right option: 
R = culture, context and chunk of words; 
8 – According to the Newmark´s methods of translation, what does 
"Idiomatic translation" mean? Mark the RIGHT meaning: 
R = May distort nuances of meaning. Message-based; 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 5. 
1 – The language from which a text to be translated is originally 
written is called: 
R = source language 
2 – Chhose the correct causative form Gilbert has just had her 
daughter ______ a house for him in Ireland. 
R = Built 
3 – If you are "quick on the trigger", you are quick to ___. 
R = respond. 
4 – Dentre os adjetivos abaixo, qual deles só, ou na maioria das 
vezes, é usado APÓS verbos de ligação? 
R = asleep. 
5 – Muitos teóricos da Linguística também fizeram suas 
contribuições aos estudos da tradução. _____________, por 
exemplo, dizem que certas ideias de uma língua de partida não 
podem ser compreendidas por pessoas que falem outra língua 
porque a estrutura ou a semântica não dispõem de um 
correspondente. 
R = Sapir – Whorf. 
6 – Complete the sentence using the correct tense: Samantha was 
the last person _______ (arrive) at the office. 
R = to arrive; 
7 – _____________ contribuíram para os estudos da tradução com 
a hipótese de que a tradução entre as línguas seria impossível por 
conta da impossibilidade de os falantes de uma determinada língua 
compreenderem os pensamentos dos falantes de outra língua. 
R = Sapir – Whorf. 
8 – As time went by, theories about the nature of translation started 
to emerge. Some issues concerning the challenges of a translation 
are listed below, EXCEPT: 
R = forward translation. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 5. 
1 – In English some verbs may be followed by the gerund and some 
others by the infinitive. Mark the option that the verbs may be 
followed by the gerund or the infinitive. 
R = Hate, like and love; 
2 – Complete the sentence using the correct tense: Stop 
_______________this noise near me. 
R = making; 
3 – Choose the alternative that is INCORRECT 
R = They are intelligents boys. 
4 – One of the first linguists to consider the contributions of 
linguistics to the study of translation, understanding that the 
translation process should be considered through interlingual, 
intralingual and semiotic differences was: 
R = Roman Jakobson 
5 – Choose the CORRECT alternative: 
R = The trip to Boston was very exciting. 
6 – "Walking on air" means you are ___. 
R = happy. 
7 – You have some important questions in your mind when you 
translate a text. Mark the option that is NOT important: 
R = How was the weather when the author wrote the text? 
8 – When you translate a text, you have to pay attention to "definite 
and indefinite articles". Mark the WRONG option about them: 
R = The indefinite articles are used with singular and plural nouns. 
 
Exercício 3 – Aula 5. 
1 – Read the text below: 
Jack Zipes has recently reinvigorated storytelling as a successful 
and engaging tool for teachers and professional storytellers. 
Encouraging storytellers, librarians, and schoolteachers to be active 
in this magical process, Zipes proposes an interactive storytelling 
that creates and strengthens a sense of community for students, 
teachers and parents while extolling storytelling as animation, 
subversion, and self-discovery. 
(Source: https://www.amazon.com) 
The text above has been translated into Brazilian Portuguese 
as follows: 
Jack Zipes (1) tem recentemente revigorado a narrativa como (2) 
uma ferramenta bem-sucedida e envolvente para professores e 
contadores de histórias profissionais. Incentivando os contadores de 
histórias, bibliotecários e professores a (3) participarem desse 
processo mágico, Zipes propõe (4) uma narrativa interativa que 
cria e fortalece um senso de comunidade para alunos, professores 
e pais, (5) exaltando a narrativa como animação, subversão e 
autodescoberta. 
► Which of the highlighted items above has not been 
translated adequately? 
R = 1 
2 – "Quick on the uptake" means you are quick to ___. 
R = understand. 
3 – Read the text below: 
If there is one genre that has captured the imagination of people in 
all walks of life throughout the world, it is the fairy tale. Yet we still 
have great difficulty understanding how it originated, evolved, and 
spread--or why so many people cannot resist its appeal, no matter 
how it changes or what form it takes. In this book, renowned fairy-
tale expert Jack Zipes presents a provocative new theory about why 
fairy tales were created and retold--and why they became such an 
indelible and infinitely adaptable part of cultures around the world. 
(Source: https://www.amazon.com) 
The text above has been translated into Brazilian Portuguese 
as follows: 
Se (1) existe um gênero que (2) tem capturado a imaginação das 
pessoas em todas as esferas da vida em todo o mundo, é o conto 
de fadas. (3) No entanto, ainda temos grandes dificuldades em 
entender como ele se originou, evoluiu e se espalhou - ou por que 
tantas pessoas não conseguem resistir ao seu apelo, não importa 
como ele mude ou que forma assuma. Neste livro, (4) o renomado 
especialista em contos de fadas Jack Zipes apresenta uma nova 
teoria provocativa sobre por que os contos de fadas foram criados e 
recontados - e por que eles se tornaram (5) uma parte tão 
indelével e infinitamente adaptável das culturas ao redor do 
mundo. 
►Which of the highlighted items above has not been translated 
adequately? 
R = 2 
4 – ¿A study of language and a method of linguistic analysis which 
uses a collection of natural or¿real word¿ texts known as corpus. 
This study is used to analyze and research a number of linguistic 
questions and offers insights into the dynamism of languages¿. The 
previous definition refer to: 
R = corpus linguistics. 
5 – The formation and basic use of the passive voice in English and 
BrP are basically the same. Choose the correct tense form: Fashion 
dresses are being _________in that new store. 
R = sold; 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 6. 
1 – Complete the following sentence with the causative form of the 
verb: "I __________ my jacket _____________ at a specialist 
cleaner´s tomorrow." 
R = Will have/ cleaned; 
2 – Choose the correct preposition for the following phrasal verb: 
They blew______ the bridge. 
R = up; 
3 – Imagine that I want to emphasise the fact that my sister is still 
living in Paris. How can I say this? Mark the CORRECT sentence: 
R = My sister has been living in Paris for two years. 
4 – Read the text below: 
In over 1,000 entries, this acclaimed Companion (1) covers all 
aspects of the Western fairy tale tradition, from medieval to modern, 
under the guidance of Professor Jack Zipes. It provides an 
authoritative reference source for this complex and captivating 
genre, exploring the tales themselves, the writers who (2) wrote and 
reworked them, and the artists who illustrated them. It also covers 
numerous related topics such as the fairy tale and film, television, 
art, opera, ballet, the oral tradition, music, advertising, cartoons, 
fantasy literature, feminism, and stamps. 
First published in 2000, 130 new entries (3) have been added to 
account for recent developments in the field, including J. K. Rowling 
and Suzanne Collins, and new articles on topics such as cognitive 
criticism and fairy tales, digital fairy tales, fairy tale blogs and 
websites.... The remaining entries (4) have been revised and 
updated in consultation with expert contributors. 
This second edition contains beautifully designed feature articles 
highlighting countries with a strong fairy tale tradition[¿] In addition, 
the A to Z entries (5) are accompanied by over 60 beautiful and 
carefully selected black and white illustrations. 
Already renowned in its field, the second edition of this unique work 
is an essential companion for anyone interested in fairy tales in 
literature, film, and art; and for anyone who values the tradition of 
storytelling. 
(Source: https://www.amazon.com) 
►Which of the highlighted items above has not been correctly 
analyzed in terms of verb tense or grammatical structure? 
R = (4) Have been revised and updated - Present Perfect Passive 
5 – Read the sentences below and identify the verb tense used: The 
band is playing joyfully The candidates are voting now. 
R = presente progressive. 
6 – The translator must pay attention to the progressive aspects of 
the verbs. Mark the WRONG option about this: 
R = The translator must prioritize syntax or semantics; 
7 – Choose the correct preposition for the following phrasal verb: 
"You have to break the chocolate _______ into squares." 
R = up; 
8 – Read the text below: 
Since their expulsion from Spain in 1492, Sephardic Jews have 
managed to maintain their Jewish faith and Spanish group identity 
and have developed a uniquely Judeo-Spanish culture wherever 
they settled. Among the important cultural ties within these 
Sephardic groups are Judeo-Spanish folktales, stories that have 
been passed down from generation to generation, either in the 
distinct language of the group, Judeo-Spanish (Ladino), or in other 
languages, such as Hebrew. In The Heart Is a Mirror, Tamar 
Alexander-Frizer examines the folk narratives of Sephardic Jews to 
view them both in relation to universal narrative traditions and the 
traditions of Jewish culture. 
(Source: https://www.amazon.com) 
The text above has been translated into Brazilian Portuguese 
through the use of a famous translation software: 
Desde a expulsão da Espanha em 1492, os judeus sefarditas 
conseguiram manter sua fé judaica e (1) a identidade do grupo 
espanhol e desenvolveram (2) uma cultura judaico-espanhola única 
onde quer que se estabelecessem. Entre (3) os importantes laços 
culturais dentro desses grupos sefarditas estão (4) contos populares 
judaico-espanhóis, histórias que foram passadas de geração em 
geração, na língua distinta do grupo, judaico-espanhola (ladino) ou 
em outros idiomas, (5) como o hebraico . Em O coração é um 
Espelho, Tamar Alexander-Frizer examina as narrativas populares 
dos judeus sefarditas para vê-las tanto em relação às tradições 
narrativas universais quanto às tradições da cultura judaica. 
►Which of the highlighted items above has not been translated 
adequately? 
R = 4 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 6. 
1 – Dentre os tempos verbais abaixo, qual se encaixa perfeitamente 
na definição do termo Tense: "a category of verbal inflection that 
serves chiefly to specify the time of the action or state expressed by 
the verb"? 
R = Simple Present 
2 – Ao tentar fazer um resumo sobre os usos do Simple Present, 
um aluno de Fundamentos da Tradução fez uma lista dos casos 
mais recorrentes. Dentre esses casos, listados a seguir, apenas um 
está ERRADO. Qual? 
R = Event/action in progress 
3 – In relation to studies about verb. It ia true to say that the word 
TENSE mean 
R = the specific location of the action in time and the verb used to 
express this action or event is inflected. 
4 – Thinking about the concepts of aspect and tense, read the 
options below and choose the only correct one: 
R = Tense expresses time while aspect expresses the fact that a 
state or action is ongoing. 
5 – Complete a frase corretamente com o pronome pessoal do caso 
oblíquo: Take these books and put _____ in the table. 
R = them 
6 – It was so foggy that she couldn't make ___ the road ahead. 
R = out 
7 – Complete the following sentence with the causative form of the 
verb: "We ___________ our house___________." 
R = have had / repainted. 
8 – Choose the alternative that correctly complete the given 
sentences: 1. Your website has helped me a lot to ______ the good 
work. 2. A friend of mine has ____ her wedding. 3. His mother can't 
____ his terrible behavior anymore. 
R = 1.keep up; 2. called off; 3. put up with 
 
Exercício 3 – Aula 6. 
1 – Complete a frase corretamente com o pronome pessoal do caso 
oblíquo: Take these books and put _____ in the table. 
R = them 
5 – In relation to studies about verb. It ia true to say that the word 
ASPECT mean 
R = an event or action can be viewed with respect to time, rather 
than to its actual location in time, and it indicates if an action is 
completed or not. 
6 – Choose the correct causative form You ought have your 
room_______. 
R = Cleaned and freshened 
7 – Choose the correct causative form Let´s have our buttler _____ 
some watter. 
R = Brought 
8 – Marque, dentre as alternativas abaixo, qual o pronome 
possessivo adjetivo que substitui corretamente "joana" na frase: 
Joana's bus is leaving at 4 o'clock. 
R = her bus is leaving at 4 o'clock. 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 7. 
1 – The meeting has been put _____ to Friday as so many people 
have got the flu. 
R = back 
2 – Ao processo de passar para uma língua estrangeira um texto 
que está em sua língua materna denominamos: 
R = Verter 
3 – Complete a seguinte sentença: "What time did the sun come 
__________ today?" 
R = Up 
4 – Complete a lacuna da frase com o Pronome Possessivo 
Substantivo correto: I've already done my homework. Have you 
done _____? 
R = yours 
5 – To "wear on" someone is to ___ them. 
R = annoy 
6 – It took 20 years for them to make ___ after their fight. 
R = up 
7 – Could you turn _____ the TV? The soap opera is about to start 
R = On 
8 – Complete a lacuna da frase com o Pronome Demonstrativo 
correto: Who is ____ woman over there? 
R = that 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 7. 
1 – I´ve been looking_____ my car keys for half an hour. Have you 
seen them anywhere? 
R = For 
2 – Catarina the Wise and Other Wondrous Sicilian Folk and Fairy 
Tales 
By Jack Zipes & Giuseppe Pitrè 
As Zipes relates, the true story of the Wondrous Sicilian Folk and 
Fairy Tales origins is as extraordinary as the tales themselves. Born 
to a poor family of sailors in Palermo, Giuseppe Pitrè would go on to 
serve under General Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi in the 19th century. 
In this process, Pitrè would become a traveling country doctor, and 
come across one of the most colossal collections of folk and fairy 
tales of the nineteenth century as. But while his work as a folklorist 
rivaled that of the Brothers Grimm, Pitrè remains a relative unknown. 
Catarina the Wise highlights some of the most delectable stories at 
the heart of his collection. Featuring new, original illustrations, this 
book is a beautiful, charming treasure for any fan of story, 
storytelling, and heroines and heroes living happily ever after - 
sometimes. 
►The phrasal verb using the verb TO COME in the example above 
has the same meaning as: 
R = to find by chance 
3 – The TV is too loud. Can you turn it _____ a bit? 
R = Up 
4 – Read the text below: 
A diverse new anthology that traces the meaning and magic of the 
sorcerer's apprentice tale throughout history 
The Sorcerer's Apprentice might conjure up images of Mickey 
Mouse from the Disney film Fantasia, or of Harry Potter. As this 
anthology reveals, however, 'sorcerer's apprentice' tales - in which a 
young person rebels against, or complies with, an authority who 
holds the keys to magical powers - have been told through the 
centuries, in many languages and cultures, from classical times to 
today. This unique and beautifully illustrated book brings together 
more than fifty sorcerer's apprentice stories by a plethora of writers, 
including Ovid, Sir Walter Scott, and the Brothers Grimm. From 
Goethe's 'The Pupil in Magic' to A. K. Ramanujan's 'The Guru and 
His Disciple', this expansive collection presents variations of a 
classic which have been come down to us through countries and 
eras. 
(Source: https://www.amazon.com) 
►The phrasal verb using the verb TO COME in the example above 
has the same meaning as: 
R = to pass on by tradition 
5 – Complete a sentença: "Because I was walking so slowly, my 
wife kept saying, 'Come __________, come __________ !'" 
R = On, on 
6 – A melhor definição para a Phrasal Verb "TO COME IN FOR" é: 
R = To receive criticism or punishment 
7 – One of the most complex issues involving Brazilian Portuguese 
and the English language can be related to the notion of 'verbal 
aspect', i.e., how an action, event or state, denoted by a verb, 
relates to the flow of time. Bearing this information in mind, which 
pairs of sentences would have the same translation in Portuguese, 
but different aspects in the English language? 
R = I should have been studying hard AND I should be studying 
hard. 
8 – There was nothing good on TV so I turned it _____ and went to 
bed. 
R = Off 
 
Exercício 3 – Aula 7. 
1 – Choose the alternative that correctly complete the given 
sentences: 1. Don't smoke in the gas stations. Fires_____ easily at 
this time places. 2. I ___ seeing my parents again. 3. I'm afraid; we 
have _____ of meat. Will veal do? 
R = 1 - break out, 2- look forward to, 3- run out 
2 – My mother has offered to look _____ the children, so we can go 
to the party. 
R = After 
3 – Tick the only correct alternative: 
R = He always drives his car carefully. 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 8. 
1 – Read the text below: 
Legend: this form of tale purports to be an account of an 
extraordinary happening believed to have actually occurred. It may 
recount an event of something which happened in ancient times at a 
particular place - a legend which has attached itself to that locality, 
but which will probably be told with equal conviction of many other 
places, even in remote parts of the world. 
(Adapted from: THOMPSON, Stith. The Folktale) 
► The term legend should be translated into Brazilian Portuguese 
as: 
R = Lenda. 
2 – Nomes genéricos precisam de atenção especial quando 
traduzidos do inglês para o português, pois o uso de substantivos 
contáveis e incontáveis fará diferença na tradução brasileira. Sobre 
isso, é correto afirmar que: 
R = Em inglês, o artigo definido não é usado com substantivos 
contáveis no plural, mas o mesmo deve estar presente no 
português. 
3 – A frase ¿Time flies¿, quando traduzida para o português, vira 
¿O tempo voa¿ porque, 
R = em português, substantivos comuns não devem iniciar frases. 
4 – Choose the alternative that correctly translates the following 
word in English - DISCO 
R = Discoteca 
5 – A palavra EXIT é o mesmo que: 
R = Saída 
6 – If you "walk off with", something you ___ it. 
R = Steal 
7 – Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentence below: 
I've never .......... in love. 
R = been 
8 – Read the text below: 
One of the most important grammar books for the teaching of 
English is A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, a 
descriptive grammar of English written by Randolph Quirk, Sidney 
Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik, first published by 
Longman in 1985. 
► What is the meaning of the word Comprehensive? 
R = complete 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 8. 
1 – "Water down" means to ___. 
R = weaken 
2 – Choose the correct alternative Have you ever .......... to New 
York? 
R = been 
3 – If someone is looking for an AVOCADO they are looking for: 
R = Um abacate 
4 – Choose the alternative that is INCORRECT in relation to Present 
Perfect: 
R = Present Perfect express actions that occurred in a determined 
moment in time 
5 – Complete with the CORRECT alternative: 
The man made ___ with all her money. 
R = off 
6 – To say "word for word" means to ___. 
R = say it exactly the same 
7 – Read the text below: 
One of the most important grammar books for the teaching of 
English is A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, a 
descriptive grammar of English written by Randolph Quirk, Sidney 
Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik, first published by 
Longman in 1985. 
► What is the meaning of the word Comprehensive? 
R = complete 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 9. 
1 – I think I just saw dad's car pull ___ the driveway. 
R = into 
2 – Which one of the classifications below does not refer to the 
register 
R = Concerned 
3 – Quem procura um livro sobre DESSERTS está querendo um 
informações a respeito de: 
R = Sobremesas 
4 – Read the text below: 
In linguistics, (1) _______________ is defined as the way a speaker 
uses language differently in different circumstances. Think about the 
words you choose, your tone of voice, even your body language. 
You probably behave very differently chatting with a friend than you 
would at a formal dinner party or during a job interview. These 
variations in formality, also called stylistic variation, are known as (2) 
______________ in linguistics. They are determined by such factors 
as social occasion, context, purpose, and audience. 
(3) _______________ must be taken into consideration in all forms 
of communication, including written, spoken, and signed. Depending 
on grammar, syntax, and tone, (4) _____________ may be 
extremely rigid or very intimate. 
(Adapted from: https://www.thoughtco.com/) 
► Which word can be used to fill blanks (1), (2), (3) and (4) in the 
text? 
R = Register 
5 – Choose the alternative that correctly translates the following 
word in English - LIBRARY 
R = Biblioteca 
6 – "The style of language that is appropriate in a given context. 
Thus, the different types of language that are used in more or less 
formal contexts are examples of it". The previous citation is a good 
definition for the term: 
R = Register 
7 – Read the text below: 
A History of the English Language, byAlbert C. Baugh, Thomas 
Cable 
Comprehensive and balanced, this classic exploration of the history 
of the English language combines internal linguistic history and 
external cultural history from the Middle Ages to the present. The 
emphasis is on political, social and cultural forces that affect 
language. 
The fifth edition reflects the latest trends and statistics of the past 10 
years in a revised and updated Chapter One, 'English Present and 
Future.' It also provides a new section on gender issues and 
linguistic change and includes a thorough revision of Chapter 11, 
'The English Language in America,' including updated material on 
African American Vernacular English. Discusses Black English and 
varieties of English in both Africa and Asia, as well as varieties in the 
United States, Australia and Canada. Includes a map of American 
dialects. Provides examples of twentieth-century vocabulary. 
For multilingual readers or anyone who wishes to develop a well-
rounded understanding of present-day English. 
 Adapted from: https://www.goodreads.com/ 
► One of the issues every translator must bear in mind refers to the 
type of text he/she will depart from, which possesses specific 
structural, linguistic, visual and discursive elements to be taken into 
consideration. Taking the previous ideas into consideration, what 
type of text is exemplified above? 
R = A review 
8 – Choose the alternative that correctly translates the following 
term in English - RECIPIENT 
R = Recipiente 
 
Exercício 1 – Aula 10. 
1 – Read the text below: 
 
By definition, a proverb is a short sentence usually known by many 
people, stating something commonly experienced or giving advice. 
Moreover, since it is intrinsic to society where it is manifested, it also 
reflects cultural issues in its essence. 
 
► Bearing the information above in mind, what is the meaning of the 
English proverb 'You scratch my back and I will scratch yours' in 
Brazilian Portuguese? 
R = Uma mão lava a outra 
2 – Can you help me pull ___ these boots? 
R = off 
3 – If there is an earthquake, you should make ___ the park 
R = for 
4 – Read the text below: 
A proverb is a short sentence stating something commonly 
experienced or giving advice. Needless to say, it is intrinsic to 
society where it is manifested, reflecting cultural issues in its 
essence. 
► Bearing the information above in mind, what is the meaning of the 
English proverb 'Better safe than sorry' in Brazilian Portuguese? 
R = Melhor prevenir do que remediar 
5 – Choose the alternative that IS NOT CORRECT in relation to 
colloquial language 
R = Colloquial language is considered informal, and for this reason it 
is not usually used during academic or professional writing or 
speaking. Even so, people may use colloquialisms when writing or 
speaking to their family members, friends, or neighbors. Usually, 
these people are familiar with the language and the meaning. 
Colloquialisms are usually accepted within certain kinds of creative 
writing, such as fiction novels and short stories, and other kinds of 
creative works. This is especially true if a story takes place in a 
geographical area well known for certain kinds of colloquial 
language. 
6 – "A short popular saying, usually of unknown and ancient origin, 
that expresses effectively some commonplace truth or useful 
thought; adage". A definição anterior refere-se a um(a): 
R = Proverb. 
7 – Como tradutor, qual seria a versão do seguinte provérbio em 
língua inglesa para a língua portuguesa? ''Birds of the same feather, 
flock together". 
R = Dize-me com que andas, que dir-te-ei quem és. 
8 – I wish she wouldn't make ___ stories like that. 
R = up. 
 
Exercício 2 – Aula 10. 
1 – The sun is so bright. Do you mind if I pull ___ the blinds. 
R = down 
2 – The doctors think she can't pull ___ another heart attack 
R = through 
3 – I wish she wouldn't make ___ stories like that. 
R = Up.