EM_V08_INGLÊS LIVRO DE ATIVIDADES COM SOLUÇÕES

Prévia do material em texto

Livro do Professor
Volume 8
Livro de 
atividades
Língua Inglesa
Alexandre Batista
©Editora Positivo Ltda., 2017 
Proibida a reprodução total ou parcial desta obra, por qualquer meio, sem autorização da Editora.
Dados Internacionais para Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) 
(Maria Teresa A. Gonzati / CRB 9-1584 / Curitiba, PR, Brasil)
B333 Batista, Alexandre.
 Língua inglesa : livro de atividades : Alexandre Batista. – 
Curitiba : Positivo, 2017.
 v. 8 : il.
 ISBN 978-85-467-1916-7 (Livro do aluno)
 ISBN 978-85-467-1915-0 (Livro do professor)
 1. Ensino médio. 2. Língua inglesa – Estudo e ensino. I. Título.
CDD 373.33
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The world of 
the Internet
Past perfect
The past perfect is used to say that an action or an event happened before another one in the past. See example.
When Anne arrived at the theatre, her friends had already bought the tickets.
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The past perfect is also used to talk about something that started in the past and continued up to another point in the past. See examples.
When he arrived, we had been in Seattle for six weeks. 
He was tired because he had just run ten kilometers. 
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ATTENTION! 
Either the past perfect or the simple past can be used with before and after with no change in meaning. See example.
Before I became a chef, I had worked as a pharmacist. 
Before I became a chef, I worked as a pharmacist.
Affirmative 
Mom got home at 7 and we hadn't made dinner.
Negative 
I woke up at 6 and it was clear that it hadn't rained.
Interrogative and short answers
Had you seen that before? No, I hadn't./Yes, I had.
Used to
Used to expresses past habits or states. It contrasts the past and the present. After used to, use a verb in the base form. In negative and 
interrogative forms, the structure changes to use to.
Affirmative
I used to sing when I was younger, now I don’t anymore. 
Negative
It didn't use to rain every day, but now it does.
They didn't use to be friends, but now they hang out all the time.
Interrogative
Did your family use to eat breakfast together? 
Yes, they did./No, they didn't.
Did Marina use to have a blog? 
Yes, she did./No, she didn't.
ATTENTION! 
Used to cannot be confused with be + used to. This structure has the same meaning as be accustomed to, and it is followed by -ing 
verbs. 
I used to play volleyball when I was a teenager. (past) She didn't use to eat eggs for breakfast. (past) 
Now I'm not used to playing volleyball anymore. (present) Today, she's used to eating at least two eggs every morning. (present)
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To form the past perfect, use had and the past participle of the main verb. 
3Língua Inglesa
Activities
1. (UPE)
Racial violence changes student and school
Duong Nghe Ly can't wait to begin his senior year at South Philadelphia High School. A day of 
violence there last year changed his life, and he wants to learn if his school has been transformed 
as well. 
Last Dec. 3, About 30 Asians were injured; seven went to hospitals. Ly was in the lunchroom for 
what he calls "the riot". Days later, he was followed home from school and punched in the face on 
his front stoop. He had arrived from Vietnam two years earlier, speaking nearly no English, the son 
of poor, uneducated parents. 
Dec. 3 was a turning point. He realized the system must change and that he and his fellow 
immigrants were the ones to make that happen. Their method? Guided by local activists, about 50 
Asian students boycotted school for a week. 
"Before, I was timid. I didn't really want to get myself into trouble," says Ly, 18. Then he realized, 
"If everybody's silent, nobody speaks up, the problem keeps going on without being resolved. I feel 
like I or my friends have to speak up and organize to tell people this is not right. 
Duong Ly had a busy summer: An internship at the University of Pennsylvania on Asian health 
issues; a psychology class at a community college; trips to conferences in Houston and Boston to 
discuss his new activism; being photographed for a Philadelphia magazine story that labeled the 
boycotters "heroes." 
On Wednesday, he will walk through the battered metal doors of South Philadelphia High to start 
his senior year at what he hopes is a changed school.
"I'm really looking forward to it," he says.
http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/national/article_2962cbcc-a7b1-55ca-9d82fe7b46d6b78a.html
 In what tense is the sentence “He had arrived from Vietnam two years earlier”?
a) Simple past tense.
X b) Past perfect tense.
c) Simple present tense.
d) Present perfect tense.
e) Past continuous tense.
2. Which sentence best expresses the following situation?
I came back home from work at 8. My husband finished cooking dinner at 7:30.
X a) When I arrived home, my husband had already finished cooking dinner.
b) When my husband finished cooking dinner, I had already come back home from work.
c) I came back home from work, then my husband finished cooking dinner.
d) My husband finished cooking dinner right after I had come back home from work.
e) My husband was cooking dinner when I arrived home.
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3. (UEPG – PR)
LAST OF THE NEANDERTHALS
In March of 1994 some spelunkers exploring an extensive cave system in northern Spain poked 
their lights into a small side gallery and noticed two human mandibles jutting out of the sandy soil. 
The cave, called El Sidrón, lay in the midst of a remote upland forest of chestnut and oak trees in 
the province of Asturias, just south of the Bay of Biscay.
Suspecting that the jawbones might date back as far as the Spanish Civil War, when Republican 
partisans used El Sidrón to hide from Franco's soldiers, the cavers immediately notified the local 
Guardia Civil. But when police investigators inspected the gallery, they discovered the remains of a 
much larger – and, it would turn out, much older – tragedy.
Within days, law enforcement officials had shoveled out some hundred and forty bones, and a 
local judge ordered the remains sent to the national forensic pathology institute in Madrid. By the 
time scientists finished their analysis (it took the better part of six years), Spain had its earliest cold 
case. The bones from El Sidrón were not Republican soldiers, but the fossilized remains of a group of 
Neanderthals who lived, and perhaps died violently, approximately forty-three thousand years ago.
Adaptado do artigo de Stephen S. Hall. National Geographic Magazine. October 2008.
 Com relação aos segmentos verbais had shoveled out e ordered (início do 3.º parágrafo), assinale o que for correto.
X (01) O primeiro está no past perfect e o segundo no simple past tense.
X (02) Had shoveled out refere-se a uma ação anterior à de ordered.
(04) O primeiro está no present perfect e o segundo no simple past tense.
(08) Os segmentos referem-se a ações que ocorreram simultaneamente.
 
4.
 Which sentence matches the pictures above?
a) He didn't use to have a beard.
b) He has a beard now.
X c) He used to have a beard.
d) He used to have short hair.
e) He didn't use to wear braces.
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 Then Now
Língua Inglesa 5
5. Look at the following sentence and mark the option(s) 
that are true about it.
 "Ruth started her first job yesterday."
X (01) Ruth didn't use to have a job.
(02) Ruth used to have a job.
X (04) Ruth has never had a job before.
(08) Ruth hasn't started her first job yet.
X (16) Ruth has already started her first job.
6. Which of the following sentences could be rewritten 
with used to?
a) We went to a fashion show yesterday.
b) She turned on the radio as soon as she got up.
c) Did you eat breakfast this morning?
d) I called her an hour ago, but she didn't answer the 
phone.
X e) We went to our grandparents' house every Sunday 
when we were children.
7.
I used to cry myself to sleep at night
But thatwas all before he came
I thought love had to hurt to turn out right
But now he's here
It's not the same
[...]
GORE, Michael. PITCHFORD, Dean. All the man that I need. 
Available at: <http://www.metrolyrics.com/all-the-man-that-i-
need-lyrics-whitney-houston.html>. Accessed on: 8 Sept. 2015.
 What is true about the song excerpt above?
X (01) The negative form of "I used to cry" is "I didn't 
use to cry".
X (02) The persona doesn't cry herself to sleep at night 
anymore.
(04) Crying herself to sleep at night is described as a 
 single past action in the song.
(08) The negative form of "I used to cry myself to 
 sleep at night" is "I not used to cry myself to 
 sleep at night".
X (16) The persona is contrasting her past and present.
 
'Digital dirt' can haunt 
your job search
[...]
(Career Builder) – Just like Vegas, what 
happens on the Internet, stays on the Internet. 
How that affects your job search is up to you.
Gone are the days when all you were 
concerned with was whether or not your 
résumé and cover letter were error-free.
Now, you've got bigger things to worry 
about – like what kind of personal 
information is floating around online.
Job seekers should not only manage how they 
come across in person, but on the Web, too.
We often forget that everything you post 
online, from your Facebook profile to your 
Amazon book reviews, is out there for others 
to see and judge.
"Most employers nowadays hop on Google 
to search a name as a preliminary step, either 
before or right after the interview," says 
Monique Tatum, author of "Jumping Off the 
Curb and Into SEO Traffic." "A positive and 
strong online presence can play a tremendous 
part in the employer's first impression."
In 2009, 45 percent of employers used 
social networking sites to research candidates, 
according to a CareerBuilder survey, a 23 
percent increase from last year.
Thirty-five percent of employers said that what 
they found caused them not to hire a candidate.
“Hiring someone is scary,”says Zack 
Grossbart, a virtual team coach and author of 
“The One Minute Commute.”
[...] “No company wants a newspaper 
headline with their name in it because of an 
embarrassing employee.”
[...]
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ZUPEK, Rachel. ‘Digital Dirt’ can haunt your job search. Available at: 
<http://edition.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/worklife/10/12/cb.digital.
trail.job.search/>. Accessed on: 10 Oct. 2015.
 What can be inferred from "digital dirt"?
a) It is positive.
b) Everybody has it.
X c) It is an inappropriate online content.
d) It is anything people post online.
e) It is overlooked by all companies.
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9. (UEPA)
 Uma das atuais preocupações referente à educação dos filhos diz respeito ao uso da internet em casa. A charge 
mostra que os pais de Timothy estão preocupados com: 
X a) a mudança de comportamento dele pelo uso excessivo do computador. 
b) os amigos internautas que ele tem feito ultimamente no mundo virtual. 
c) os gastos realizados por ele recentemente em compras na internet. 
d) a qualidade do computador que ele usa em casa, que é péssima. 
e) o conteúdo dos sites que ele acessa para pesquisas escolares.
 (PUCPR) O texto a seguir serve como base para as questões 10 e 11.
The Internet giant, Amazon, has put a warning on some of the 'Tom and Jerry' cartoons it offers 
to its customers. Visitors who want to buy or download the series 'Tom and Jerry: The Complete 
Second Volume' get a warning that the cartoons contain scenes that are racist. The warning says: 
"Tom and Jerry shorts may show some ethnic and racial prejudices that were once commonplace in 
American society." It added that the scenes were wrong when the cartoons were made 70 years ago, 
and are still wrong today. People say the character of the black maid in the cartoon series is racist. 
Some of the cartoons were edited in the 1960s because of worries about racism. 
Tom and Jerry were created in 1940 by cartoonists William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. The 
cartoons won the Oscar for the best Animated Short Film seven times. The shows have become 
one of the most popular cartoons in animation history. Many people posted on Twitter to say it was 
"madness" for Amazon to put a warning on the cartoons.
Disponível em: <http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1410/141004-tom-and-jerry.html#ixzz3FVuisi75>. Acesso em: set. 2014.
10. Choose the CORRECT alternative according to the text: 
a) Based on the text information, Tom and Jerry shows were created to criticize racism. 
b) According to the warning of Amazon, the racist scenes are wrong nowadays; however, in the past they were 
acceptable. 
c) Based on the text it is correct to say the cartoonists clearly showed racist behavior. 
d) Tom and Jerry shows never won any prize. 
X e) According to the warning of Amazon, racism is no longer a common behavior in America.
Língua Inglesa 7
11. Based on the reading select the CORRECT alternatives: 
 I. In the sixties the cartoons were revised due to racism 
issues. 
 II. Visitors can only download the series “Tom and 
Jerry” from Amazon.
 III. Tom and Jerry were created over 20 years before some 
cartoons were edited due to worries about racism. 
 IV. People on twitter supported Amazon’s warning.
a) Alternatives II and III are correct. 
b) Alternatives I and IV are correct. 
X c) Alternatives I and III are correct. 
d) Alternatives II and IV are correct. 
e) Alternatives II, III and IV are correct.
 (PUC-Rio – RJ) O texto a seguir serve como base para as questões de 12 a 17.
NEW YORK TIMES’ POLICY ON FACEBOOK AND OTHER SOCIAL 
NETWORKING SITES
From PoynterOnline, advice by The New York Times’ assistant managing editor who oversees 
journalist standards on using Facebook. Here’s the idea: you’re always representing your employer 
and what you say and do […] can shape perceptions in unpredictable and potentially adverse ways.
Facebook and other social networking sites — MySpace, LinkedIn, even Twitter — can be 
remarkably useful reporting tools, as the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 proved. As we’ve 
discovered from the experts on our staff, Facebook pages often tell a lot about a person’s work, 
interests, friends, and thoughts, and, as one page leads or links to another, Facebook can help 
reporters do triangulation on difficult-to-research subjects. What people write on Facebook sites is 
publicly available information, like anything posted on any site that is not encrypted.
But there are a few things to be careful about, nonetheless.
One of them is that outsiders can read your Facebook page, and that personal blogs and “tweets” 
represent you to the outside world just as much as an 800-word article does. If you have or are 
getting a Facebook page, leave blank the section that asks about your political views, in accordance 
with the Ethical Journalism admonition to do nothing that might cast doubt on your or The Times’s 
political impartiality in reporting the news. Remember that although you might get useful leads by 
joining a group on one of these sites, it will appear on your page, connoting that you “joined” it — 
potentially complicated if it is a political group, or a controversial group.
Be careful not to write anything on a blog or a personal Web page that you could not write in The 
Times — don’t editorialize, for instance, if you work for the News Department. Anything you post 
online can and might be publicly disseminated, and can be twisted to be used against you by those 
who wish you or The Times ill — whether it’s text, photographs, or video. That includes things 
you recommend on TimesPeople or articles you post to Facebook and Digg, content you share 
with friends on MySpace, and articles you recommend through TimesPeople. It can also include 
things posted by outside parties to your Facebook page, so keep an eye on what appears there. Just 
remember that we are alwaysunder scrutiny by magnifying glass and that the possibilities of digital 
distortion are virtually unlimited, so always ask yourself, could this be deliberately misconstrued or 
misunderstood by somebody who wants to make me look bad?
Reporters can ask questions by e-mail using addresses found on Facebook, of course, but the 
same rules that apply to telephone contacts (or personal contacts) apply. “The Times treats news 
sources just as fairly and openly as it treats readers,” Ethical Journalism says. “We do not inquire 
pointlessly into someone’s personal life.” Approaching minors by e-mail or by telephone, or in 
person, to ask about their or their parents’ private lives or friends is a particularly sensitive area. 
Depending on the circumstances, it may not be advisable. In every case, reporters and editors 
should first consult with the Standards Editor before going ahead with such inquiries.
By Matt Armstrong. Poynter Online, May 4, 2009. Disponível em http://mountainrunner.us/2009/05/nyt_facebook_policy.html
(with slight adaptations)
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12. This text is addressed to:
a) New York Times’ journalists working abroad.
b) all users of Facebook and other networking sites.
c) assistant managing editors of the New York Times.
d) overseas professionals using standard networking 
sites.
X e) New York Times’ reporters and editors using social 
networking sites.
13. Journalists like to use Facebook and other similar sites 
(lines 4-5) because:
a) they link and lead the readers.
b) they represent an editorial opinion.
X c) they are invaluable tools to news coverage.
d) of their potential usefulness to read messages.
e) of their controversial ethical standards.
14. The opening statement of paragraph 4 (lines 11-12):
a) illustrates the importance of Facebook, blogs and 
tweets.
X b) makes a comparison between two different media 
tools.
c) justifies the professional use of networking sites.
d) analyzes the power of long articles in the Times.
e) criticizes the length of 800-word articles.
15. Mark the correct statement concerning the meanings 
of the words extracted from the text.
a) “Advice” (line 1) means “advertisement”.
b) “Remarkably” (line 5) and “advisably” are 
synonymous.
c) “Nonetheless” (line 10) can be substituted by “for 
instance”.
d) “Leave blank” (line 13) means “fill in”.
X e) “Twisted” (line 20) means “distorted”.
16. According to the text (lines 12-17), a careful journalist:
a) cannot have political views.
b) mustn’t get a Facebook page.
X c) shouldn’t turn public his political opinions.
d) leaves blank all personal sections of a page.
e) recommends the political sections of websites.
17. In the following recommendation “Approaching 
minors by e-mail or by telephone, or in person, 
to ask about their or their parents’ private lives or 
friends is a particularly sensitive area. Depending on 
the circumstances, it may not be advisable.” (lines 
31-33), the text is telling journalists:
a) never to approach adolescents.
b) never to enquire about parents or friends.
X c) to be very careful when using young informants.
d) to ask minors about their families’ private lives.
e) to approach children only by remote media.
Língua Inglesa 9
16
Diversity around 
the world
Comparatives and superlatives
Comparative adjectives are used to compare people, places, things, and situations. To form comparative adjectives, the spelling rules 
described in the table below should be followed.
Than is used after comparative adjectives when the items 
compared are made explicit.
Rio de Janeiro is more populous than Curitiba. (explicit)
I like your cooking, but my mom's is better (than yours). 
(implicit)
Comparatives of inferiority are formed with less + adjective 
(+than). Note that less is usually used with long adjectives.
My car is less expensive than yours.
Your performance was amazing. His was less impressive.
Comparatives can be modified by words such as much, way, 
slightly, and a little. 
This dish is slightly spicier than the one we had yesterday.
I'm looking for something a little more flattering.
Use as + adjective + as when comparing people, things, places, or 
situations that are equal. If a noun is used instead of an adjective, use 
much for uncountable nouns and many for countable nouns. These 
comparisons can be modified by just and almost.
To say that people, things, places, or situations are not equal use 
not as + adjective + as.
Soccer is much more popular than gymnastics.
Brazil is way larger than Japan.
I have as much money as you. (money is uncountable)
They have as many books as I do. (book is countable)
My bag is (just) as stylish as yours.
Cassie's hair is (almost) as long as Bruna's hair.
My internet connection is not as fast as yours.
Spelling rules Examples
Most one-syllable adjectives are added -er
tall – taller
cold – colder
light – lighter
One-syllable adjectives ending in -e are added -r
nice – nicer
gentle – gentler
simple – simpler
Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y preceded by a consonant lose 
-y and are added -ier 
heavy – heavier
pretty – prettier
easy – easier
One-syllable adjectives ending in a consonant-vowel-consonant 
sequence have the last letter doubled and are added -er
hot – hotter
fat – fatter
big – bigger
Adjectives with two or more syllables are preceded by more
more beautiful
more important
more intelligent
Irregular comparative forms
good – better
bad – worse
far – further/farther
10 Volume 8
These comparisons can be modified by nearly (when the difference is big) or quite (when the difference is small).
The superlative is used to compare people, things, places, or situations with the group they belong to. Study the superlative spelling rules 
below.
Spelling rules Examples
Most one-syllable adjectives are added -est
tall – tallest
cold – coldest
light – lightest
One-syllable adjectives ending in -e are added -st
nice – nicest
gentle – gentlest
simple – simplest
Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y preceded by consonant lose -y 
and are added -iest 
heavy – heaviest
pretty – prettiest
easy – easiest
One-syllable adjectives ending in a consonant-vowel-consonant 
sequence have the last letter doubled and are added -est
hot – hottest
fat – fattest
big – biggest
Adjectives with two or more syllables are preceded by the most
the most beautiful
the most important
the most intelligent
Irregular comparative forms
good – best
bad – worst
far – furthest/farthest
Russia is the largest country in the world.
This has got to be the hottest day of the year so far.
What is the most beautiful place that you have ever visited?
For the superlative of inferiority, use the least + adjective. Note that the least is usually used with long adjectives .
This is the least interesting book I've read this year.
Which is the least entertaining movie of these three?
The expression by far can intensify superlatives. See examples.
Soccer is by far the most popular sport in Brazil.
I've been to some nice restaurants, but this restaurant is by far the nicest one I've ever been to.
Japan is not nearly as big as Brazil. (big difference)
Brazil is not quite as big as the US. (small difference)
Before superlative adjectives, always use the definite article the. See examples below.
Língua Inglesa 11
Activities
1. (UEMG) 
American superstar Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana on August 
29, 1958 and entertained audiences nearly his entire life. A musical prodigy, 
Michael’s singing and dancing talents were amazingly mature and he soon 
became the dominant voice and focus of The Jackson 5. 
As the Jackson 5, they became a cutting-edge example of black crossover 
artists. “You basically had five working-class black boys with Afros and 
bell bottoms, and they really didn’t have to trade any of that stuff in order 
to become mainstream stars. Young Michael Jackson was the first black 
‘bubblegum teenstar’. He became one of the first African-Americans to be a 
global icon”, said Mark Anthony Neal, a professor of black popular culture at 
Duke University’s Department of African and African American Studies. 
Solo success for Michael was inevitable, and by the 1980s he had become 
infinitely more popular than his brotherly group. Record sales consistently 
orbited, culminating in the biggest-selling album of all time, “Thriller” in 
1982. From his precocious abilities as a young singer in The Jackson 5 to his 
legendary “moon-walk” dance, Jackson continued as a pioneer in the black 
culture when he broke barriers by appearing on MTV and had much better 
luck with elaborate music videos. The former president of CBS Records, Walter 
Yetnikoff, remembered with scorn that MTV would not play “Billie Jean” or “Beat It” because it billed 
itself as a rock station. 
Michael Jackson co-wrote with Lionel Richie, “We Are the World,” a 1985 charity single that raised 
an estimated $50 million for famine relief in Africa, ushered in Live Aid and the era of celebrity 
philanthropy. Michael Jackson was the supreme showman who had an unrivalled knack of grabbing 
headlines.
Michael Jackson made culture accept a person of color way before Tiger Woods, way before Oprah 
Winfrey, way before Barack Obama. Michael did with music what they later did in sports and in 
politics and in television. And no controversy will erase the historic impact. He also influenced a 
new generation of black musicians, including Usher, Ne-Yo and Kanye West. 
Jackson’s changing physical appearance in the past two decades led to criticism that he was trying 
to be less black. But during a 1993 interview with Oprah Winfrey, Jackson shot down rumors that 
he was dying his skin to make it lighter. He told the talk show host that he had vitiligo, a disorder 
that destroyed his skin pigmentation. 
Total worldwide sales of more than 350 million records over his 40-year career give just a hint of 
the adoration there was for the “King of Pop”. On June 25, 2009, with his sudden death at age 50 
of a cardiac arrest just as he was just coming out of a four-year reclusive period and rehearsing for a 
sold-out London concert in July seems uncommonly cruel and tragic. Millions of dedicated fans will 
remember where they were “the day Michael died” and he will be remembered as a musical hero – 
but also a man with human flaws. 
Adapted from CNN.com and The Internet Movie Database.com
 In the sentence “Record sales consistently orbited, culminating in the biggest-selling album of all time, ‘Thriller’ in 
1982,” the biggest is:
a) a comparative.
X b) a superlative.
c) an adverb.
d) none of the above.
12 Volume 8
2. (UCPEL – RS)
HOW MEN AND WOMEN 
MANAGE THEIR SOCIAL 
NETWORKS DIFFERENTLY 
A new study of online behavior reveals that men and women 
organize their social networks very differently. 
One of the interesting insights that social networks 
offer is the difference between male and female 
behaviour.
In the past, behavioural differences have been 
hard to measure. Experiments could only be done 
on limited numbers of individuals and even then, 
the process of measurement often distorted people’s 
behaviour. 
That’s all changed with the advent of massive online 
participation in gaming, professional and friendship 
networks. For the first time, it has become possible to quantify exactly how the genders differ in 
their approach to things like risk and communication. 
Earlier this year, for example, we looked at a remarkable study of a mobile phone network that 
demonstrated the different reproductive strategies that men and women employ throughout their 
lives, as revealed by how often they call friends, family and potential mates. 
Today, Michael Szell and Stefan Thurner at the Medical University of Vienna in Austria say they’ve 
found significant differences in the way men and women manage their social networks in an online 
game called Pardus with over 300,000 players. In this game, players explore various solar systems 
in a virtual universe. On the way, they can mark other players as friends or enemies, exchange 
messages, gain wealth by trading or doing battle but can also be killed. 
The interesting thing about online games is that almost every action of every player is recorded, 
mostly without the players being consciously aware of this. That means measurement bias is 
minimal. 
The networks of friends and enemies that are set up also differ in an important way from those 
on social networking sites such as Facebook. That’s because players can neither see nor influence 
other players’ networks. This prevents the kind of clustering and herding behaviour that sometimes 
dominates other social networks. 
Szell and Thurner say the data reveals clear and significant differences between men and 
women in Pardus. For example, men and women interact with the opposite sex differently. “Males 
reciprocate friendship requests from females faster than vice versa and hesitate to reciprocate hostile 
actions of females,” say Szell and Thurner. Women are also significantly more risk averse than men 
as measured by the amount of fighting they engage in and their likelihood of dying. They are also 
more likely to be friends with each other than men. 
These results are more or less as expected. More surprising is the finding that women tend to 
be more wealthy than men, probably because they engage more in economic than destructive 
behaviour.
One obvious problem is that of gender swapping: men who play as women and vice versa. 
Szell and Thurner say that other studies have shown that around ten per cent of online gaming 
populations engage in gender swapping. They say there’s no reason to think this would be any 
different in Pardus and that it shouldn’t affect the results. 
A more serious problem could be the well known phenomenon that women tend to receive better 
treatment in male dominated online gaming communities. Indeed, Szell and Thurner say they can 
see evidence of this in their data. That’s something they’ll need to look into in more detail.
Technology Review published by MIT, 23/05/2012 Adapted from http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/27870/
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Língua Inglesa 13
 A forma comparativa destacada na frase “More surprising is the finding that women tend to be more wealthy than 
men” (linhas 34 e 35) poderia ser corretamente substituída por
X a) wealthier than.
b) wealthiest than.
c) the wealthiest.
d) wealthier.
e) wealthiest.
3. (PUCPR)
Will we ever grow replacement hands?
Over the past few weeks on the BBC News website we have looked at the potential for bionic body 
parts and artificial organs to repair the human body. Now we take a look at "growing-your-own".
There is a pressing need. A shortage of available organs means many die on waiting lists and those 
that get an organ must spend a lifetime on immunosuppressant drugs to avoid rejection.
The idea is that using a patient's own stem cells to grow new body parts avoids the whole issue of 
rejection as well as waiting for a donor.
Dr Anthony Atala, director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the Wake Forest Baptist 
Medical Center in North Carolina, US, has made breakthroughs in building bladders and urethras.
He breaks tissue-building into four levels of complexity.
• Flat structures, such as the skin, are the simplest to engineer as they are generally made up of 
just the one type of cell.
• Tubes, such as blood vessels and urethras, which have two types of cells and act as a conduit.
• Hollow non-tubular organs like the bladder and the stomach, which have more complex 
structures and functions. 
• Solid organs, such as the kidney, heart and liver, are the most complex to engineer. They are 
exponentially more complex, have many different cell types, and more challenges in the blood supply.
"We've been able to implant the first three in humans. We don't have any examples yet of solidorgans in humans because it’s much more complex," Dr Atala told the BBC.
Adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-16679010 June 2012.
 Analyze the following statement from the text:
 “Solid organs, such as the kidney, heart and liver, are the most complex to engineer. They are exponentially more 
complex, have many different cell types, and more challenges in the blood supply.”
 The expressions in bold print the most complex and more complex are examples of superlative and comparative 
structures. Select the alternatives that provide other examples of superlative and comparative sentences:
 I. It has been selected as the best hospital in the state.
 II. The treatment was highly expensive and extra medication was necessary.
 III. The treatment is more effective on younger patients. 
 IV. Most of the time the effects of the medication are hard to notice.
a) Alternatives I, II and III are correct.
b) Alternatives I and IV are correct.
c) Alternatives III and IV are correct.
X d) Alternatives I and III are correct.
e) Alternatives I, II and IV are correct.
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4.
 What is true about the picture above?
a) The orange house is the biggest house.
b) The green house is bigger than the purple one.
c) The purple house is the smallest house.
d) The purple house is smaller than the orange house.
X e) The orange house is the smallest house.
 O texto a seguir serve de base para as questões 5 e 6.
The Raven
by Edgar Allan Poe
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore –
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
“Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door –
Only this and nothing more.”
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow; – vainly I had sought to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow – sorrow for the lost Lenore –
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore –
Nameless here for evermore.
And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me – filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
“Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door –
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; –
This it is and nothing more.”
Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
“Sir,” said I, “or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
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Língua Inglesa 15
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you” – here I opened wide the door; –
Darkness there and nothing more.
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, “Lenore?”
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, “Lenore!” –
Merely this and nothing more.
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
“Surely,” said I, “surely that is something at my window lattice;
Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore –
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore; –
’Tis the wind and nothing more!”
POE, Edgar Allan. The Raven. Available at: <http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/178713>. Accessed on: 7 Sept. 2015.
5. According to the poem excerpt above, it is correct to state that
a) the persona has cheated on Lenore.
X b) the persona has lost his love.
c) the persona is expecting a visitor.
d) the persona is a sound sleeper.
e) it is October.
6. In “Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer”, “stronger” and “longer” are comparative adjectives. 
Look at the following alternatives below and mark the ones that contain comparative adjectives.
(01) This is the worst movie I have ever seen in my life.
X (02) Tomorrow is going to be better.
X (04) I'm looking for something a little more flattering.
X (08) Maria looks way taller than the last time I saw her.
(16) What is the largest country in the world? 
(32) We'll take the cheapest vase.
 
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