<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d3d24d0e-766f-408f-8e2d-7723d898cc3b/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Enzimas - introdução bioquímica</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff1 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">BIOQUIMICA FUNDAMENTAL (Universidade de Brasília)</div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Enzimas - introdução bioquímica</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff1 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">BIOQUIMICA FUNDAMENTAL (Universidade de Brasília)</div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded by Hemylly Fonseca (hemylly.fonseca.hf@gmail.com)</div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y5 ff2 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0"><span class="fc4 sc0">lOMoARcPSD|15209400</span></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:97.640000px;bottom:721.174000px;width:400.000000px;height:50.716000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:22.640000px;bottom:603.730000px;width:550.000000px;height:28.160000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:22.640000px;bottom:542.178000px;width:550.000000px;height:19.712000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:97.640000px;bottom:721.174000px;width:400.000000px;height:50.716000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:22.640000px;bottom:603.730000px;width:550.000000px;height:28.160000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:22.640000px;bottom:542.178000px;width:550.000000px;height:19.712000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w2 h7" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w2 h7"><img class="bi x6 y6 w3 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d3d24d0e-766f-408f-8e2d-7723d898cc3b/bg2.png"><div class="c x6 y6 w4 h7"><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y7 ff3 fs4 fc5 sc0 ls0 ws1">En\udb80\ude5bi\udb80\ude1b\udb80\ude00s</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y8 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u2734<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">São catalisadores biológ<span class="blank _0"></span>icos;</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y9 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u2734<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">T<span class="blank _1"></span>odas as reações <span class="blank _0"></span>bioquìmicas são</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 ya ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">catalisadas por enzimas;</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 yb ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u2734<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">catalisar: acelerar r<span class="blank _0"></span>eação sem</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 yc ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">serem consumid<span class="blank _0"></span>as no processo;</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 yd ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u2734<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">diminuem a energia de ativação da</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 ye ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">reação<span class="blank _0"></span>, mas não al<span class="blank _0"></span>tera a ener<span class="blank _0"></span>gia do</div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 yf ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">estado inicial(subs<span class="blank _0"></span>tratos) ou</div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y10 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">\ufb01nal(produt<span class="blank _0"></span>os).<span class="blank"> </span>Não muda início</div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y11 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">nem \ufb01nal, mas sim o caminho;</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y12 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u2734<span class="ff6 fc3 ls0 ws0">Energia de ativação:<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff5 ws2">energia</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y13 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">usada para lev<span class="blank _0"></span>ar os reagent<span class="blank _0"></span>es para</div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y14 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">o estado de transição;</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y15 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u2734<span class="ff6 fc3 ls0 ws0">Energia de transição:<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff5 ws2">estrutura</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y16 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">intermediária de alta ener<span class="blank _0"></span>gia e</div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 y17 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">instável;</div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y18 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls0">\u2734</div><div class="t m0 x8 ha y19 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls0">\u2734</div></div><div class="c xa y6 w5 h7"><div class="t m0 xb ha y1a ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls0">\u2734</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y1b ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">A enzima se liga ao substrato p<span class="blank _0"></span>or</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y1c ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">meio de seu sítio ativo e assim forma</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y1d ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">o comple<span class="blank _0"></span>xo enzima-substr<span class="blank _0"></span>ato; Depois</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y1e ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">ocorre a c<span class="blank _0"></span>atálise, substrat<span class="blank _0"></span>o se</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y1f ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">transf<span class="blank _0"></span>orma em produto; c<span class="blank _0"></span>omplex<span class="blank _0"></span>o</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y20 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">enzima-produto; enzima se liber<span class="blank _0"></span>a e</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y21 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">está pronta para<span class="blank _0"></span> ser usada</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y22 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">novamen<span class="blank _0"></span>te.</div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y23 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">geralmente têm tax<span class="blank _0"></span>as de</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y24 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">reação mais alta<span class="blank _0"></span>s que outros</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y25 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">catalisadores;</div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y26 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">reações oc<span class="blank _0"></span>orrem t<span class="blank _0"></span>emperaturas</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y27 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">mais brandas;</div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y28 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">têm alta especi\ufb01cidade</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y29 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">(substrato/<span class="blank _1"></span>produto<span class="blank _0"></span>) das</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y2a ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">reações;</div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y2b ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">capacidade de regulação das</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y2c ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">reações bioquím<span class="blank _0"></span>icas</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y2d ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">(presença/<span class="blank _1"></span>ausência da enzima,</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y2e ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">atividade da enzima, local da</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y2f ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">enzima);</div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y30 ff4 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff5 fc3 ls0 ws0">possibilidade de acoplamento</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y31 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">de reações ener<span class="blank _0"></span>geticamente</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y32 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">desfavorá<span class="blank _0"></span>veis com <span class="blank _0"></span>reações</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y33 ff5 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">favoráv<span class="blank _0"></span>eis;</div></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded by Hemylly Fonseca (hemylly.fonseca.hf@gmail.com)</div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y34 ff7 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0"><span class="fc4 sc0">lOMoARcPSD|15209400</span></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:148.000000px;bottom:15.000000px;width:300.000000px;height:28.680200px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w2 h7" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w2 h7"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y6 w3 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d3d24d0e-766f-408f-8e2d-7723d898cc3b/bg3.png"><div class="c x6 y6 w4 h7"><div class="t m0 xf h9 y35 ff8 fs5 fc7 sc0 ls0 ws0">Praticamente t<span class="blank _0"></span>odas as enzimas</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y36 ff8 fs5 fc7 sc0 ls0 ws0">são proteínas<span class="blank _0"></span>, mas exist<span class="blank _0"></span>em</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y37 ff8 fs5 fc7 sc0 ls0 ws0">exc<span class="blank _0"></span>eções c<span class="blank _0"></span>omo RNAs</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y38 ff8 fs5 fc7 sc0 ls0 ws2">catalíticos(ribozimas)</div><div class="t m0 x7 hb y39 ff9 fs6 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">Síti\udb80\ude21 \udb80\uddfd\udb80\ude43i\udb80\ude50\udb80\ude21</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 y3a ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Região da enzima que int<span class="blank _0"></span>erage com</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 y3b ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">o substrato e onde oc<span class="blank _0"></span>orre a c<span class="blank _0"></span>atálise</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 y3c ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">da reação<span class="blank _0"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x11 h9 y3d ffa fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff8 fc3 ls0 ws0">É formado por grupos R de</span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h9 y3e ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">resíduos de aminoácidos</div><div class="t m0 x12 h9 y3f ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">pró<span class="blank _0"></span>ximos na estrutura</div><div class="t m0 x12 h9 y40 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">tridimensional da enzima.</div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y41 ff9 fs7 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mod\udb80\ude29\udb80\ude17\udb80\ude22 \udb80\uddf8ha\udb80\ude4f\udb80\ude29 \udb80\uddff\udb80\uddf5c\udb80\ude0aa\udb80\uddf6\udb80\ude49r\udb80\uddfd</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y42 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Segundo Emil F<span class="blank _4"> </span>ischer(1984), o sítio</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y43 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">ativo teria f<span class="blank _0"></span>orma tridimensional</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y44 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">complementar à f<span class="blank _0"></span>orma do substr<span class="blank _0"></span>ato<span class="blank _0"></span>.</div></div><div class="c xa y6 w5 h7"><div class="t m0 xc hc y45 ff9 fs7 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">Mod\udb80\ude29\udb80\ude17\udb80\ude22 \udb80\uddf6o \udb80\ude00j\udb80\ude4a\udb80\ude3b\udb80\ude44e \udb80\ude0en\udb80\uddf7\udb80\ude4a\udb80\ude5cid\udb80\ude21</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y46 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">segundo D<span class="blank _0"></span>.E. k<span class="blank _0"></span>oschland(1058), o sítio</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y47 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws3">ativo<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ffb ws4">ajustaria<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ws0">sua f<span class="blank _0"></span>orma</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y48 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">tridimensional por in\ufb02uência da</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y49 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">ligação ao substrato e se t<span class="blank _0"></span>ornaria</div><div class="t m0 xc hd y4a ffb fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">complementar ao es<span class="blank _0"></span>tado de</div><div class="t m0 xc hd y4b ffb fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws5">transição;</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y4c ffb fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">caso real:<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff8">hex<span class="blank _0"></span>oquinase e seu</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y4d ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">substrato(<span class="blank _0"></span>glicose<span class="blank _0"></span>);</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y4e ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">O modelo chav<span class="blank _0"></span>e-fechadura é muito</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y4f ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">impor<span class="blank _4"> </span>tante e didático<span class="blank _0"></span>, porém o</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y50 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">modelo ajuste induzido par<span class="blank _0"></span>ece r<span class="blank _0"></span>e\ufb02etir</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y51 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">melhor a realidade no caso das</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y52 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">enzimas.</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y53 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">*O modelo chav<span class="blank _0"></span>e fechadur<span class="blank _0"></span>a é melhor</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y54 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">para descre<span class="blank _0"></span>ver as inter<span class="blank _0"></span>ações</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y55 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">moleculares onde não e<span class="blank _0"></span>xiste catálise</div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y56 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">como a inter<span class="blank _0"></span>ação<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ffb ws6">antígeno<span class="blank"> </span>-ant<span class="blank"> </span>icorpo</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h9 y57 ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">e a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ffb ws7">hormônio-receptor<span class="blank _5"></span>.</span></div><div class="t m0 xc hc y58 ff9 fs7 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">Es\udb80\ude25e\udb80\uddf8\udb80\ude0e\ufb01c\udb80\ude0f\udb80\uddf7a\udb80\uddf6\udb80\ude29 d\udb80\uddfd\udb80\ude3b e\udb80\ude1ez\udb80\ude0e\udb80\ude1a\udb80\uddfd\udb80\ude3c</div><div class="t m0 x13 h9 y59 ffa fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff8 fc3 ls0 ws0">As enzimas são<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ffb ws5">al<span class="blank _5"></span>tamente</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 hd y5a ffb fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws5">especí\ufb01cas;</div><div class="t m0 x13 h9 y5b ffa fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff8 fc3 ls0 ws0">conseguem distinguir até</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y5c ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">estereoisômer<span class="blank _5"></span>os;</div></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ffc fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded by Hemylly Fonseca (hemylly.fonseca.hf@gmail.com)</div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y34 ffc fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0"><span class="fc4 sc0">lOMoARcPSD|15209400</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w2 h7" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w2 h7"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y6 w3 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d3d24d0e-766f-408f-8e2d-7723d898cc3b/bg4.png"><div class="c x6 y6 w4 h7"><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y35 ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ffe fc3 ls0 ws0">Um substrato c<span class="blank _5"></span>om<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fff ws5">quiralidade</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y5d fff fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws8">errada<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ffe ws0">não entra no sítio ativo;</span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y5e ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ffe fc3 ls0 ws0">São muito seletivas quant<span class="blank _5"></span>o aos</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y5f ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">grupos químicos de seus</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y60 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">substratos;</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y61 ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ffe fc3 ls0 ws0">Mesmo assim poucas enzimas</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y62 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">tem especi\ufb01cidade para um só</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y63 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">substrato<span class="blank _5"></span>. a maioria pode catalisar</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y64 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">reações c<span class="blank _5"></span>om um pequeno grupo</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y65 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">de substratos par<span class="blank _5"></span>ecidos entre si;</div><div class="t m0 x7 he y66 ff10 fs8 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">Es\udb80\ude43\udb80\ude39até\udb80\ude07\udb80\ude0e\udb80\uddfd\udb80\ude3c pa\udb80\ude38\udb80\ude00 \udb80\uddfd \udb80\uddf8atá\udb80\ude17\udb80\ude0e\udb80\ude3c\udb80\uddf5</div><div class="t m0 x7 he y67 ff10 fs8 fc6 sc0 ls0">en\udb80\ude5b\udb80\ude0e\udb80\ude1bát\udb80\ude0f\udb80\uddf9a</div><div class="t m0 x7 he y68 ff10 fs8 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ciné\udb80\ude43\udb80\ude0e\udb80\uddf8\udb80\uddfd en\udb80\ude5b\udb80\ude0e\udb80\ude1bát\udb80\ude0f\udb80\uddf9a</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y69 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Estudo da v<span class="blank _5"></span>elocidade das reações</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y6a ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">catalisadas por enzimas;</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y6b ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ffe fc3 ls0 ws0">A velocidade se baseia na</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y6c ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">quantidade de produto f<span class="blank _5"></span>ormado</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y6d ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">por unidade de tempo;</div></div><div class="c xa y6 w5 h7"><div class="t m0 x13 h9 y6e ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ffe fc3 ls0 ws0">pela intensidade de cor se pode</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y6f ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">determinar a quantidade de</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y70 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">produto f<span class="blank _5"></span>ormado.</div><div class="t m0 x13 hd y71 ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="fff fc3 ls0 ws0">V = [produto<span class="blank _5"></span>]/tempo</span></div><div class="t m0 x13 h9 y72 ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ffe fc3 ls0 ws0">O grá\ufb01co<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fff ws5">V<span class="fs9 ls2 v1">0</span><span class="ws0">x [X] -<span class="blank"> </span></span></span>A forma dessa</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y73 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">cur<span class="blank _4"> </span>va é chamada<span class="blank"> </span><span class="fff ws5">hipérbole:</span></div><div class="t m0 x13 ha y74 ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls0">\u27a5</div><div class="t m0 x13 hf y75 ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ffe fc3 ls0 ws0 v0">Quanto maior a conc<span class="blank _5"></span>entração de</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y76 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">substrato<span class="blank _5"></span>, maior a chance de</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y77 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">colisão ef<span class="blank _5"></span>et<span class="blank _4"> </span>iva da entr<span class="blank _5"></span>e o sít<span class="blank _4"> </span>io</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y78 ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">ativo e o substrato;</div><div class="t m0 x13 h9 y79 ffd fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ffe fc3 ls0 ws0">a par<span class="blank _4"> </span>tir de uma concentração a</span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y7a ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">velocidade chega a um máximo<span class="blank _5"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y7b ffe fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Diz<span class="blank _5"></span>-se que a enzima está</div><div class="t m0 x14 h9 y7c fff fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws5">saturada<span class="ffe">;</span></div></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff11 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded by Hemylly Fonseca (hemylly.fonseca.hf@gmail.com)</div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y34 ff11 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0"><span class="fc4 sc0">lOMoARcPSD|15209400</span></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:148.000000px;bottom:15.000000px;width:300.000000px;height:28.680200px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w2 h7" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w2 h7"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y6 w3 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d3d24d0e-766f-408f-8e2d-7723d898cc3b/bg5.png"><div class="c x6 y6 w4 h7"><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y7d ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">É a conc<span class="blank _5"></span>entração de substrato que</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y7e ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">produz a metade da vel<span class="blank _5"></span>ocidade</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y7f ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">máxima;</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y80 ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff12 fc3 ls0 ws2">K<span class="fs9 ls3 v1">m</span><span class="ws0">é a conc<span class="blank _5"></span>entração de substrato</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y81 ff14 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws9">\u2192<span class="ff12 ws0"> que da metade da velocidade</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y82 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">máxima</div><div class="t m0 x7 he y83 ff15 fs8 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">En\udb80\ude5bi\udb80\ude1b\udb80\ude00s \udb80\uddfd\udb80\ude17o\udb80\ude3cté\udb80\ude38\udb80\ude0e\udb80\uddf8\udb80\uddfds</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y84 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">São enzimas que podem ser</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y85 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">reguladas pela inter<span class="blank _0"></span>ação não</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y86 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">cov<span class="blank _5"></span>alente entre a<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff16 ws5">molécula</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y87 ff16 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws5">efet<span class="blank _5"></span>ora<span class="ff12 ws0">(ativador ou inibidor<span class="blank _4"> </span>) com uma</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y88 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">região da enzima que não é seu sítio</div><div class="t m0 x7 h9 y89 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">ativo(<span class="ff16 ws0">sítio alostérico</span>);</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 y8a ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff12 fc3 ls0 ws0">essa interação muda a a\ufb01nidade</span></div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y8b ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">da enzima pelo substrat<span class="blank _5"></span>o e</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 y8c ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">velocidade da r<span class="blank _5"></span>eação;</div></div><div class="c xa y6 w5 h7"><div class="t m0 xd h9 y35 ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff12 fc3 ls0 ws0">A cinética V x [S] de enzimas</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y5d ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">alostéric<span class="blank _5"></span>as não é uma hipérbole</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y8d ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">e sim uma sigmóide;</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y8e ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls0">\u27a5</div><div class="t m0 xd hf y8f ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff12 fc3 ls0 ws2 v0">K<span class="fs9 wsa v1">0,5<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ws0">é o equivalent<span class="blank _5"></span>e a K<span class="fs9 ls3 v1">m</span><span class="ws2">para</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y90 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">enzimas alostéric<span class="blank _5"></span>as;</div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y91 ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff12 fc3 ls0 ws0">como fat<span class="blank _5"></span>ores ativadores e</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y92 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">inibidores af<span class="blank _5"></span>eta a cur<span class="blank _6"> </span>va</div><div class="t m0 xe h9 y93 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">sigmóide:</div><div class="t m0 xd ha y94 ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls0">\u27a5</div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y95 ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff12 fc3 ls0 ws0 v0">C<span class="blank _5"></span>om ativador alostéric<span class="blank _5"></span>o<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff16 ws5">diminui</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y96 ff16 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws5">K<span class="fs9 wsb v1">0,5<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ws0">e aumenta velocidade;</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y97 ff13 fs5 fc6 sc0 ls1">\u27a5<span class="ff12 fc3 ls0 ws0">com inibidor alos<span class="blank _5"></span>térico</span></div><div class="t m0 xe hd y98 ff16 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">aumenta K<span class="fs9 wsc v1">0,5<span class="blank"> </span></span>e diminui</div><div class="t m0 xe hd y99 ff16 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">a\ufb01nidade da enzima;</div><div class="t m0 x16 hc y9a ff15 fs7 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">Qu\udb80\ude29m \udb80\ude3bã\udb80\ude22:</div><div class="t m0 x16 h9 y9b ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">As enzimas alos<span class="blank _0"></span>téricas são muito</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y9c ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">impor<span class="blank _4"> </span>tantes na<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff16">regulação do</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y9d ff16 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 wsd">metabolismo<span class="blank _5"></span>.<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff12 ws0">É muito comum</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y9e ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">que um produto de uma via</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y9f ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">atue como inibidor de uma</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 ya0 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">enzima alostéric<span class="blank _5"></span>a dessa via,</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 ya1 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">impedindo o descontr<span class="blank _5"></span>ole na</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 ya2 ff12 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">produção deste <span class="blank _0"></span>produto \ufb01nal</div></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff17 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded by Hemylly Fonseca (hemylly.fonseca.hf@gmail.com)</div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y34 ff17 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0"><span class="fc4 sc0">lOMoARcPSD|15209400</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w2 h7" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w2 h7"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y6 w3 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d3d24d0e-766f-408f-8e2d-7723d898cc3b/bg6.png"><div class="c x6 y6 w4 h7"><div class="t m0 x10 hd ya3 ff18 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Feedback<span class="blank _0"></span> negativo - inibição pelo</div><div class="t m0 x10 hd ya4 ff18 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">produto \ufb01nal.</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc ya5 ff19 fs7 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">I<span class="blank _5"></span>ni\udb80\uddfc\udb80\ude0eçã\udb80\ude22 \udb80\uddf8om\udb80\ude25\udb80\ude29\udb80\ude44\udb80\ude0fti\udb80\ude4f\udb80\ude00</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 ya6 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Nesse tipo o<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff18">inibidor compete<span class="blank _3"> </span></span><span class="ws2">pelo</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 ya7 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 wse">substrato<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff18 ws0">pel<span class="blank _5"></span>o sít<span class="blank _4"> </span>io at<span class="blank _4"> </span>ivo<span class="blank _3"> </span><span class="ff1a">da enzima</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 ya8 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">livre. Diminui a produção dos</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 ya9 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">produtos \ufb01nais. P<span class="blank _5"></span>arec<span class="blank _5"></span>e</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yaa ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">estruturalmente c<span class="blank _5"></span>om o substrato<span class="blank _5"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yab ff18 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws5">Ex<span class="ff1a ws0">: alguns medicamentos são</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yac ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">inibidores de enzimas.</div><div class="t m0 x15 h9 yad ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">-<span class="blank _7"> </span>O ph e a temperatura af<span class="blank _5"></span>etam a</div><div class="t m0 xf h9 yae ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">atividade enzimática.</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yaf ff18 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">pH ótimo:<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff1a">onde a enzima apresenta</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yb0 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">maior atividade;</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yb1 ff18 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">T<span class="blank _1"></span>emperatura ótima:<span class="blank _2"> </span><span class="ff1a">onde as</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yb2 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">enzimas têm melhor atividade de</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yb3 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">acordo c<span class="blank _5"></span>om a temperatura, o</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yb4 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">máximo de temperatura;</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yb5 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">os tampões também ajuda as</div><div class="t m0 x10 h9 yb6 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">enzimas a manter sua atividade</div><div class="t m0 x10 hc yb7 ff19 fs7 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">Cof\udb80\ude00\udb80\ude43\udb80\ude22\udb80\ude39es \udb80\ude29\udb80\ude1d\udb80\ude5c\udb80\ude0fmá\udb80\ude43i\udb80\uddf8\udb80\ude21s</div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 yb8 ff1b fs5 fc6 sc0 ls4">\u27a5<span class="ff1a fc3 ls0 ws0">compost<span class="blank _5"></span>os orgânicos que agem</span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h9 yb9 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">em conjunto c<span class="blank _5"></span>om as enzimas</div><div class="t m0 x17 h9 yba ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">para que elas possam catalisar a</div><div class="t m0 x17 h9 ybb ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">reação;</div><div class="t m0 x9 h9 ybc ff1b fs5 fc6 sc0 ls5">\u27a5<span class="ff1a fc3 ls0 ws0">podem ser<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff18 ws5">inorgânic<span class="blank _5"></span>os<span class="ff1a ws0">(Ca2 +,</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h11 ybd ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">Mg<span class="fs9 wsf v2">2+</span><span class="ws0">, F<span class="blank _5"></span>e<span class="fs9 wsf v2">2+</span>, Zn<span class="fs9 wsf v2">2+</span>, etc<span class="blank _4"> </span>.) ou</span></div><div class="t m0 x17 hd ybe ff18 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">orgânicos<span class="blank _0"></span>(c<span class="blank _5"></span>oenzimas -</div><div class="t m0 x17 hd ybf ff18 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">derivadas de vitaminas que</div><div class="t m0 x17 h9 yc0 ff18 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws5">ingerimos<span class="ff1a ws2">);</span></div></div><div class="c xa y6 w5 h7"><div class="t m0 x18 h9 ya3 ff1b fs5 fc6 sc0 ls5">\u27a5<span class="ff1a fc3 ls0 ws0">por serem partes dos</span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h9 y5d ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">catalisadores as vitaminas e sais</div><div class="t m0 x16 h9 y8d ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">são necessários em baixas</div><div class="t m0 x16 h9 yc1 ff1a fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws2">quantidades</div></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff1c fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Downloaded by Hemylly Fonseca (hemylly.fonseca.hf@gmail.com)</div><div class="t m0 x5 h6 y34 ff1c fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0"><span class="fc4 sc0">lOMoARcPSD|15209400</span></div><a class="l"><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:148.000000px;bottom:15.000000px;width:300.000000px;height:28.680200px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w6 h12" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w6 h12"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y6 w6 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d3d24d0e-766f-408f-8e2d-7723d898cc3b/bg7.png"></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w6 h12" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w6 h12"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x6 y6 w6 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/d3d24d0e-766f-408f-8e2d-7723d898cc3b/bg8.png"></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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