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2
Questão 1
Plastic Surgery Must Be Carefully Weighed
Here, Dr. Adams talks with Discovery Health Online about what to consider before going under the
knife.
Q: Are there recommendations for maintaining a youthful appearance without going under
the knife?
A: Clearly there are, and I think that that’s one of parts of the consultations we have with patients in
terms of making sure that they’re doing things that are healthy. You want to eat well, you certainly
want to exercise, and part of exercising well is getting adequate rest. Having done that, let’s talk
about skin for instance. Clearly one of the best things you can do for your skin is some sort of
sunblock. The problem, however, is that we don’t generally start to worry about that until we’re in our
40s or 50s and we’ve already had that 40 or 50 years of exposure to the sun.
http://health.discovery.com/centers/plasticsurgery/general/ textinterview.html acesso em 19/08/2007
De acordo com Dr. Adams,
(A) as pessoas nunca se preocupam com a exposição ao sol.
(B) quando as pessoas se preocupam com a exposição ao sol, já pode ser tarde demais.
(C) os bloqueadores solares só são eficazes após os 40 anos.
(D) as pessoas só se preocupam com a exposição ao sol quando são jovens.
(E) a pele só envelhece aos 40 anos por causa do sol.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a (B). Sobre a questão da exposição ao sol, o autor atenta para o fato de que
só começamos a prestar atenção no problema quando já estivemos longamente expostos a seus
efeitos (por volta dos 40 ou 50 anos).
Questão 2
Plastic Surgery Must Be Carefully Weighed
Here, Dr. Adams talks with Discovery Health Online about what to consider before going under the
knife.
Q: Are there recommendations for maintaining a youthful appearance without going under
the knife?
A: Clearly there are, and I think that that’s one of parts of the consultations we have with patients in
terms of making sure that they’re doing things that are healthy. You want to eat well, you certainly
want to exercise, and part of exercising well is getting adequate rest. Having done that, let’s talk
about skin for instance. Clearly one of the best things you can do for your skin is some sort of
sunblock. The problem, however, is that we don’t generally start to worry about that until we’re in our
40s or 50s and we’ve already had that 40 or 50 years of exposure to the sun.
http://health.discovery.com/centers/plasticsurgery/general/ textinterview.html acesso em 19/08/2007
Dr. Adams afirma que exercitar-se bem está relacionado a
(A) descansar bem.
(B) dormir pouco.
(C) comer verduras.
(D) praticar exercícios sem se expor ao sol.
(E) envelhecer mais rapidamente
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a (A). Como diz o autor, parte do ato de descansar reside em ter descanso
adequado ("and part of exercising well is getting adequate rest").
Questão 3
Plastic Surgery Must Be Carefully Weighed
Here, Dr. Adams talks with Discovery Health Online about what to consider before going under the
knife.
Q: Are there recommendations for maintaining a youthful appearance without going under
the knife?
A: Clearly there are, and I think that that’s one of parts of the consultations we have with patients in
terms of making sure that they’re doing things that are healthy. You want to eat well, you certainly
want to exercise, and part of exercising well is getting adequate rest. Having done that, let’s talk
about skin for instance. Clearly one of the best things you can do for your skin is some sort of
sunblock. The problem, however, is that we don’t generally start to worry about that until we’re in our
40s or 50s and we’ve already had that 40 or 50 years of exposure to the sun.
http://health.discovery.com/centers/plasticsurgery/general/ textinterview.html acesso em 19/08/2007
A expressão "going under the knife" é uma forma coloquial para falarem sobre
(A) excesso de comida (em português, o "levantamento do garfo").
(B) pouca ingestão de comida (em português, o "treinamento para faquir").
(C) procedimento médico (em português, "entrar na faca").
(D) facilidades na vida (em português, "faca e o queijo").
(E) culinária (em português, o "bom de garfo").
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a (C). A expressão coloquial "going under the knife" é usada em língua inglesa
nos mesmos contextos em que a expressão do português brasileiro "entrar na faca". Em ambos os
casos, as expressões fazem alusão ao procedimento envolvido em cirurgias plásticas, nos quais é
comum que partes do corpo sejam modificadas com a ajuda de instrumentos cortantes.
Questão 4
Persuading Leonardo 
Although both Ben Shneiderman's Leonardo's Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing
Technologies and B.J. Fogg's Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and
Do are written by academics, the books transcend academia to provide a different view of the
Internet's potential. Shneiderman prepares the groundwork for what he calls the "new computing,"
while Fogg describes how to make that computing persuasive. 
The idea behind Leonardo's Laptop is a consideration of what Leonardo da Vinci would demand from a
laptop computer and what he would do with it. To Shneiderman, who is founding director of the
Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland, the new computing puts users first.
Shneiderman begins with a brief history of computing and computer applications, declaring that,
"These founders of the old computing overcame technological limitations to build impressive projects
and then turned to producing tools for themselves, giving little thought to the needs of other users."
Although not a founder, I admit to being of the old computing generation. I programmed in dead
languages such as IBM's 1401 Autocoder and 360 Assembler before progressing to Cobol and RPG. I
have now learned Visual Basic and C++, and I can report that there is nothing intrinsic to any of these
languages that center a programmer's focus on those who use their applications. The new computing
is not about languages but, as Shneiderman suggests, about understanding human activities and
human relationships. 
With Leonardo as both creator and user, his laptop will enable greater creativity and grander goals.
This book goads you with ideas for applications in e-learning, e-business, e-healthcare, and e-
government. Each area is built around a framework for technology innovation that Shneiderman calls
the "four circles of relationships" and the "four stages of activities." (…) 
Although the mental picture of Leonardo with a notebook computer excites the imagination, as a
literary device, it does not wear well as the book progresses. Nonetheless, Shneiderman achieves the
objective of Leonardo's Laptop — creating a foundation for the new computing. 
With a new computing application in hand, B.J. Fogg's Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to
Change What We Think and Do gives you advice on its implementation. To Fogg, who launched
Stanford's Persuasive Technology Lab and who holds seven patents in the area of UI* design, a web
site must first be credible to be persuasive. Fogg has coined the term "captology" to describe this
branch of the study of computers. From the book's "Introduction:" 
Captology focuses on the design, research, and analysis of interactive computing products created for
the purpose of changing people's attitudes or behaviors. 
It is the computer's ability to provide interactivity that gives its applications an advantage over other
forms of media. Persuasive Technology describes three basic roles that computers play: the computer
as a tool, as media, and as a social actor. Further, there are seven types of persuasive tools described
by Fogg. Such tools persuade by simplifying, tunneling (guiding), customizing, being there at the right
time, removing tedium, rewarding after observation, and reinforcing proper behavior. As media,
computers can modify behavior by simulating new endeavors. As a social actor, computerspersuade
through praise. However, no matter the role, to persuade, the application must be credible. 
Perhaps the most interesting parts of Fogg's book are the two chapters that discuss the ways in which
computer applications destroy their own credibility and what an application or web site must do to be
considered, by its users, trustworthy. According to Fogg, a computing device or application is
perceived to be credible only if it is first perceived as believable—trustworthiness based on expertise.
In brief, an application is trustworthy if it is thought to be fair and unbiased. It is trustworthy if its
author or origin is thought to be skilled and knowledgeable. The crux of the issue is that credibility
matters. 
Both books are thoroughly documented and both are excellent points of departure for a more detailed
inquiry into the available material. If both books are taken to heart, using computers and their
applications will become enjoyable and satisfying. 
* U.I. - User Inteface
D. Wohlbruck, Dr Dobb’s Journal, January, 2004.
Indique o gênero, em inglês, ao qual o texto acima pertence.
 
A ( ) summary.
B ( ) review.
C ( ) essay.
D ( ) abstract.
E ( ) report.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
Em linhas gerais, o texto trata de uma resenha (review) de dois livros acerca dos novos rumos da
informática, apresentando-os e discutindo sua inserção no mercado dos dias de hoje.
Questão 5
Persuading Leonardo 
Although both Ben Shneiderman's Leonardo's Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing
Technologies and B.J. Fogg's Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and
Do are written by academics, the books transcend academia to provide a different view of the
Internet's potential. Shneiderman prepares the groundwork for what he calls the "new computing,"
while Fogg describes how to make that computing persuasive. 
The idea behind Leonardo's Laptop is a consideration of what Leonardo da Vinci would demand from a
laptop computer and what he would do with it. To Shneiderman, who is founding director of the
Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland, the new computing puts users first.
Shneiderman begins with a brief history of computing and computer applications, declaring that,
"These founders of the old computing overcame technological limitations to build impressive projects
and then turned to producing tools for themselves, giving little thought to the needs of other users."
Although not a founder, I admit to being of the old computing generation. I programmed in dead
languages such as IBM's 1401 Autocoder and 360 Assembler before progressing to Cobol and RPG. I
have now learned Visual Basic and C++, and I can report that there is nothing intrinsic to any of these
languages that center a programmer's focus on those who use their applications. The new computing
is not about languages but, as Shneiderman suggests, about understanding human activities and
human relationships. 
With Leonardo as both creator and user, his laptop will enable greater creativity and grander goals.
This book goads you with ideas for applications in e-learning, e-business, e-healthcare, and e-
government. Each area is built around a framework for technology innovation that Shneiderman calls
the "four circles of relationships" and the "four stages of activities." (…) 
Although the mental picture of Leonardo with a notebook computer excites the imagination, as a
literary device, it does not wear well as the book progresses. Nonetheless, Shneiderman achieves the
objective of Leonardo's Laptop — creating a foundation for the new computing. 
With a new computing application in hand, B.J. Fogg's Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to
Change What We Think and Do gives you advice on its implementation. To Fogg, who launched
Stanford's Persuasive Technology Lab and who holds seven patents in the area of UI* design, a web
site must first be credible to be persuasive. Fogg has coined the term "captology" to describe this
branch of the study of computers. From the book's "Introduction:" 
Captology focuses on the design, research, and analysis of interactive computing products created for
the purpose of changing people's attitudes or behaviors. 
It is the computer's ability to provide interactivity that gives its applications an advantage over other
forms of media. Persuasive Technology describes three basic roles that computers play: the computer
as a tool, as media, and as a social actor. Further, there are seven types of persuasive tools described
by Fogg. Such tools persuade by simplifying, tunneling (guiding), customizing, being there at the right
time, removing tedium, rewarding after observation, and reinforcing proper behavior. As media,
computers can modify behavior by simulating new endeavors. As a social actor, computers persuade
through praise. However, no matter the role, to persuade, the application must be credible. 
Perhaps the most interesting parts of Fogg's book are the two chapters that discuss the ways in which
computer applications destroy their own credibility and what an application or web site must do to be
considered, by its users, trustworthy. According to Fogg, a computing device or application is
perceived to be credible only if it is first perceived as believable—trustworthiness based on expertise.
In brief, an application is trustworthy if it is thought to be fair and unbiased. It is trustworthy if its
author or origin is thought to be skilled and knowledgeable. The crux of the issue is that credibility
matters. 
Both books are thoroughly documented and both are excellent points of departure for a more detailed
inquiry into the available material. If both books are taken to heart, using computers and their
applications will become enjoyable and satisfying. 
* U.I. - User Inteface
D. Wohlbruck, Dr Dobb’s Journal, January, 2004.
Considere as seguintes afirmações.
 
I. As duas obras discutidas no texto têm como assunto principal o uso do computador e suas
aplicações atuais e potenciais.
II. Shneiderman e Fogg, autores do texto, mostram a potencial aplicação da internet nos dias atuais.
III. De acordo com Shneiderman, o computador eficaz deve ser, concomitantemente, uma ferramenta
capaz de persuadir e um agente interativo.
 
Está(ão) correta(s)
 
A ( ) apenas a I.
B ( ) apenas a II.
C ( ) apenas a III.
D ( ) apenas I e II.
E ( ) apenas I e III.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Apenas a primeira alternativa está correta, pois em II, menciona-se a internet, ao passo que os livros
falam de programas e linguagens de computador e em III afirma-se que o computador deve ser uma
ferramenta capaz de persuadir, ao passo que Shneiderman diz (antepenúltimo parágrafo) que, não
importa qual função o computador tenha, para persuadir, ele deve ser crível. Já a alternativa II está
correta, pois os dois livros discutidos lidam com a ideia da aplicação do computador nos dias de hoje.
Questão 6
Persuading Leonardo 
Although both Ben Shneiderman's Leonardo's Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing
Technologies and B.J. Fogg's Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and
Do are written by academics, the books transcend academia to provide a different view of the
Internet's potential. Shneiderman prepares the groundwork for what he calls the "new computing,"
while Fogg describes how to make that computing persuasive. 
The idea behind Leonardo's Laptop is a consideration of what Leonardo da Vinci would demand from a
laptop computer and what he would do with it. To Shneiderman, who is founding director of the
Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland, the new computing puts users first.
Shneiderman begins with a brief history of computing and computer applications, declaring that,
"These founders of the old computing overcame technological limitations to build impressive projects
and then turned to producing tools for themselves, giving little thought to the needs of other users."
Although not a founder, I admit to being of the old computinggeneration. I programmed in dead
languages such as IBM's 1401 Autocoder and 360 Assembler before progressing to Cobol and RPG. I
have now learned Visual Basic and C++, and I can report that there is nothing intrinsic to any of these
languages that center a programmer's focus on those who use their applications. The new computing
is not about languages but, as Shneiderman suggests, about understanding human activities and
human relationships. 
With Leonardo as both creator and user, his laptop will enable greater creativity and grander goals.
This book goads you with ideas for applications in e-learning, e-business, e-healthcare, and e-
government. Each area is built around a framework for technology innovation that Shneiderman calls
the "four circles of relationships" and the "four stages of activities." (…) 
Although the mental picture of Leonardo with a notebook computer excites the imagination, as a
literary device, it does not wear well as the book progresses. Nonetheless, Shneiderman achieves the
objective of Leonardo's Laptop — creating a foundation for the new computing. 
With a new computing application in hand, B.J. Fogg's Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to
Change What We Think and Do gives you advice on its implementation. To Fogg, who launched
Stanford's Persuasive Technology Lab and who holds seven patents in the area of UI* design, a web
site must first be credible to be persuasive. Fogg has coined the term "captology" to describe this
branch of the study of computers. From the book's "Introduction:" 
Captology focuses on the design, research, and analysis of interactive computing products created for
the purpose of changing people's attitudes or behaviors. 
It is the computer's ability to provide interactivity that gives its applications an advantage over other
forms of media. Persuasive Technology describes three basic roles that computers play: the computer
as a tool, as media, and as a social actor. Further, there are seven types of persuasive tools described
by Fogg. Such tools persuade by simplifying, tunneling (guiding), customizing, being there at the right
time, removing tedium, rewarding after observation, and reinforcing proper behavior. As media,
computers can modify behavior by simulating new endeavors. As a social actor, computers persuade
through praise. However, no matter the role, to persuade, the application must be credible. 
Perhaps the most interesting parts of Fogg's book are the two chapters that discuss the ways in which
computer applications destroy their own credibility and what an application or web site must do to be
considered, by its users, trustworthy. According to Fogg, a computing device or application is
perceived to be credible only if it is first perceived as believable—trustworthiness based on expertise.
In brief, an application is trustworthy if it is thought to be fair and unbiased. It is trustworthy if its
author or origin is thought to be skilled and knowledgeable. The crux of the issue is that credibility
matters. 
Both books are thoroughly documented and both are excellent points of departure for a more detailed
inquiry into the available material. If both books are taken to heart, using computers and their
applications will become enjoyable and satisfying. 
* U.I. - User Inteface
D. Wohlbruck, Dr Dobb’s Journal, January, 2004.
Com relação a Leonardo’s Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing Technologies, NÃO se pode
dizer que a obra
 
A ( ) tem como foco o usuário de computadores, seja ele um iniciante ou especialista no assunto.
B ( ) destaca a importância de programas como Autocoder e Assembler, assim como COBOL, RPG,
Visual Basic e C++.
C ( ) discute o tipo de uso que Leonardo da Vinci faria, caso tivesse um computador portátil.
D ( ) mostra a importância das relações humanas no uso do computador.
E ( ) apresenta ao usuário possibilidades de diferentes usos do computador, dentre eles, para
negócios eletrônicos.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
Shneiderman afirma, no segundo parágrafo, que “I programmed in dead languages such as IBM’s
1401 Autocoder and 360 Assembler before progressing to Cobol and RPG. I have now learned Visual
basic and C++, and I can report that there is nothing intrinsic to any of these languages that center a
programmer’s focus on those who use their applications”, ou seja, “eu já programei em linguagens
mortas como o 1401 Autocoder da IBM e 360 Assembler antes de progredir para o Cobol e RPG.
Aprendi agora Visual basic e C++, e posso afirmar que não há nada intrínseco a essas linguagens que
centre o foco do programador nas pessoas que usam suas aplicações”. Em outras palavras, o autor
não está destacando a importância desses programas nas relações humanas com o computador,
objetivo de seu livro. Portanto, B é falsa.
Questão 7
Persuading Leonardo 
Although both Ben Shneiderman's Leonardo's Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing
Technologies and B.J. Fogg's Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and
Do are written by academics, the books transcend academia to provide a different view of the
Internet's potential. Shneiderman prepares the groundwork for what he calls the "new computing,"
while Fogg describes how to make that computing persuasive. 
The idea behind Leonardo's Laptop is a consideration of what Leonardo da Vinci would demand from a
laptop computer and what he would do with it. To Shneiderman, who is founding director of the
Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the University of Maryland, the new computing puts users first.
Shneiderman begins with a brief history of computing and computer applications, declaring that,
"These founders of the old computing overcame technological limitations to build impressive projects
and then turned to producing tools for themselves, giving little thought to the needs of other users."
Although not a founder, I admit to being of the old computing generation. I programmed in dead
languages such as IBM's 1401 Autocoder and 360 Assembler before progressing to Cobol and RPG. I
have now learned Visual Basic and C++, and I can report that there is nothing intrinsic to any of these
languages that center a programmer's focus on those who use their applications. The new computing
is not about languages but, as Shneiderman suggests, about understanding human activities and
human relationships. 
With Leonardo as both creator and user, his laptop will enable greater creativity and grander goals.
This book goads you with ideas for applications in e-learning, e-business, e-healthcare, and e-
government. Each area is built around a framework for technology innovation that Shneiderman calls
the "four circles of relationships" and the "four stages of activities." (…) 
Although the mental picture of Leonardo with a notebook computer excites the imagination, as a
literary device, it does not wear well as the book progresses. Nonetheless, Shneiderman achieves the
objective of Leonardo's Laptop — creating a foundation for the new computing. 
With a new computing application in hand, B.J. Fogg's Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to
Change What We Think and Do gives you advice on its implementation. To Fogg, who launched
Stanford's Persuasive Technology Lab and who holds seven patents in the area of UI* design, a web
site must first be credible to be persuasive. Fogg has coined the term "captology" to describe this
branch of the study of computers. From the book's "Introduction:" 
Captology focuses on the design, research, and analysis of interactive computing products created for
the purpose of changing people's attitudes or behaviors. 
It is the computer's ability to provide interactivity that gives its applications an advantage over other
forms of media. Persuasive Technology describes three basic roles that computers play: the computer
as a tool, as media, and as a social actor. Further, there are seven types of persuasive tools described
by Fogg. Such tools persuade by simplifying, tunneling (guiding), customizing, being there at theright
time, removing tedium, rewarding after observation, and reinforcing proper behavior. As media,
computers can modify behavior by simulating new endeavors. As a social actor, computers persuade
through praise. However, no matter the role, to persuade, the application must be credible. 
Perhaps the most interesting parts of Fogg's book are the two chapters that discuss the ways in which
computer applications destroy their own credibility and what an application or web site must do to be
considered, by its users, trustworthy. According to Fogg, a computing device or application is
perceived to be credible only if it is first perceived as believable—trustworthiness based on expertise.
In brief, an application is trustworthy if it is thought to be fair and unbiased. It is trustworthy if its
author or origin is thought to be skilled and knowledgeable. The crux of the issue is that credibility
matters. 
Both books are thoroughly documented and both are excellent points of departure for a more detailed
inquiry into the available material. If both books are taken to heart, using computers and their
applications will become enjoyable and satisfying. 
* U.I. - User Inteface
D. Wohlbruck, Dr Dobb’s Journal, January, 2004.
Com relação a Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do, analise as
afirmações a seguir:
 
I. O trabalho foi idealizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia Persuasiva da Universidade de Stanford e
consiste na sétima criação intelectual do autor.
II. Ao propor um novo conceito na área computacional, o autor destaca mudanças de atitude ou de
comportamento dos usuários.
III. A obra argumenta que uma página da web deve ser confiável para seduzir o usuário.
 
Está(ão) correta(s)
 
A ( ) apenas a I.
B ( ) apenas a II.
C ( ) apenas a III.
D ( ) apenas I e II.
E ( ) apenas II e III.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
I. O trabalho foi idealizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia Persuasiva da Universidade de Stanford e
consiste na sétima criação intelectual do autor. Incorreta – a primeira parte da sentença está correta,
mas a referência ao número sete é em relação ao número de patentes que o professor tem;
II. Ao propor um novo conceito na área computacional, o autor destaca mudanças de atitude ou de
comportamento dos usuários. Correta – o professor afirma que, por ser parte da mídia, o computador
pode engendrar novos comportamentos por gerar novos desejos;
III. A obra argumenta que uma página da web deve ser confiável para seduzir o usuário. Correta –
qualquer linguagem, programa, “não importa qual papel do computador” (“no matter the role”), ele
deve ser crível.
Logo, II e III estão corretas.
Questão 8
Pediatric group advises parents to read to kids
June 26, 2014
By Amy Graff
Reading Go Dog Go to your 6 month old might seem like wasted time because she’s more likely to eat
the book than help you turn the pages, but a statement released by the American Academy of
Pediatrics (AAP) this week says reading in the early years is essential. Reading out loud gets parents
talking to their babies and the sound of an adult’s voice stimulates that tiny yet rapidly growing
brain. In the statement, the academy advises pediatricians to tell parents to read books to their
children from birth.
Reading regularly with young children stimulates optimal patterns of brain development and
strengthens parent-child relationships at a critical time in child development, which, in turn, builds
language, literacy, and social-emotional skills that last a lifetime. Research shows that a child’s brain
develops faster between 0 and 3 than at any other time in life, making the early years a critical time
for babies to hear rich oral language. The more words children hear directed at them by parents and
caregivers, the more they learn.
While many babies are reading Goodnight Moon and The Very Hungry Caterpillar every night before
bed, others never get a chance to "pat the bunny." Studies reveal that children from low-income, less-
educated families have significantly fewer books than their more affluent peers. By age 4, children in
poverty hear 30 million fewer words than those in higher-income households. These dramatic gaps
result in significant learning disadvantages that persist into adulthood. The AAP hopes the new
guidelines will encourage all parents to start reading from day one.
Research shows that when pediatricians talk with parents about reading, moms and dads are more
likely to fill their home with books and read. Also, to help get more parents reading, the AAP is
partnering with organizations such as Scholastic and Too Small to Fail to help get reading materials to
new families who need books the most.
This is the first time the AAP has made a recommendation on children’s literary education and
it seems the timing might be just right as more and more parents are leaning on screens and
electronic gadget to occupy their babies. "The reality of today's world is that we're competing with
portable digital media," Dr. Alanna Levine, a pediatrician in Orangeburg, N.Y., told The New York
Times. "So you really want to arm parents with tools and rationale behind it about why it's important
to stick to the basics of things like books."
(Disponível em: . Adaptado.)
Conforme o texto, os pais devem ler para seus filhos
a) a partir dos 6 meses.
b) até os 4 anos de idade.
c) de 0 a 3 anos de idade.
d) até a idade escolar.
e) desde o nascimento.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a E, pois, como lemos no primeiro parágrafo, "a academia aconselha os
pediatras a orientar os pais a lerem livros para seus filhos desde o nascimento" ("[…] the academy
advises pediatricians to tell parents to read books to their children from birth").
Questão 9
Pediatric group advises parents to read to kids
June 26, 2014
By Amy Graff
Reading Go Dog Go to your 6 month old might seem like wasted time because she’s more likely to eat
the book than help you turn the pages, but a statement released by the American Academy of
Pediatrics (AAP) this week says reading in the early years is essential. Reading out loud gets parents
talking to their babies and the sound of an adult’s voice stimulates that tiny yet rapidly growing
brain. In the statement, the academy advises pediatricians to tell parents to read books to their
children from birth.
Reading regularly with young children stimulates optimal patterns of brain development and
strengthens parent-child relationships at a critical time in child development, which, in turn, builds
language, literacy, and social-emotional skills that last a lifetime. Research shows that a child’s brain
develops faster between 0 and 3 than at any other time in life, making the early years a critical time
for babies to hear rich oral language. The more words children hear directed at them by parents and
caregivers, the more they learn.
While many babies are reading Goodnight Moon and The Very Hungry Caterpillar every night before
bed, others never get a chance to "pat the bunny." Studies reveal that children from low-income, less-
educated families have significantly fewer books than their more affluent peers. By age 4, children in
poverty hear 30 million fewer words than those in higher-income households. These dramatic gaps
result in significant learning disadvantages that persist into adulthood. The AAP hopes the new
guidelines will encourage all parents to start reading from day one.
Research shows that when pediatricians talk with parents about reading, moms and dads are more
likely to fill their home with books and read. Also, to help get more parents reading, the AAP is
partnering with organizations such as Scholastic and Too Small to Fail to help get reading materials to
new families who need books the most.
This is the first time the AAP has made a recommendation on children’s literary education and
it seems the timing might be just right as more and more parents are leaning on screens and
electronic gadget to occupy their babies. "The realityof today's world is that we're competing with
portable digital media," Dr. Alanna Levine, a pediatrician in Orangeburg, N.Y., told The New York
Times. "So you really want to arm parents with tools and rationale behind it about why it's important
to stick to the basics of things like books."
(Disponível em: . Adaptado.)
Segundo o texto, uma das vantagens de ler para os filhos é que:
a) os vínculos entre pais e filhos ficarão mais estreitos.
b) a fala das crianças fica adiantada em pelo menos seis meses.
c) o cérebro infantil se desenvolverá mais rápido até os 3 anos de idade.
d) as crianças terão uma qualidade de sono melhor.
e) ao manusearem os livros, a coordenação motora das crianças se desenvolve.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a A, pois, como lemos no segundo parágrafo do texto, "ler regularmente junto
a crianças pequenas estimula ótimos padrões de desenvolvimento cerebral e fortalece a relação pai-
filho em um momento crucial do desenvolvimento infantil"("Reading regularly with young children
stimulates optimal patterns of brain development and strengthens parent-child relationship at a
critical time in child development […]").
Questão 10
Pediatric group advises parents to read to kids
June 26, 2014
By Amy Graff
Reading Go Dog Go to your 6 month old might seem like wasted time because she’s more likely to eat
the book than help you turn the pages, but a statement released by the American Academy of
Pediatrics (AAP) this week says reading in the early years is essential. Reading out loud gets parents
talking to their babies and the sound of an adult’s voice stimulates that tiny yet rapidly growing
brain. In the statement, the academy advises pediatricians to tell parents to read books to their
children from birth.
Reading regularly with young children stimulates optimal patterns of brain development and
strengthens parent-child relationships at a critical time in child development, which, in turn, builds
language, literacy, and social-emotional skills that last a lifetime. Research shows that a child’s brain
develops faster between 0 and 3 than at any other time in life, making the early years a critical time
for babies to hear rich oral language. The more words children hear directed at them by parents and
caregivers, the more they learn.
While many babies are reading Goodnight Moon and The Very Hungry Caterpillar every night before
bed, others never get a chance to "pat the bunny." Studies reveal that children from low-income, less-
educated families have significantly fewer books than their more affluent peers. By age 4, children in
poverty hear 30 million fewer words than those in higher-income households. These dramatic gaps
result in significant learning disadvantages that persist into adulthood. The AAP hopes the new
guidelines will encourage all parents to start reading from day one.
Research shows that when pediatricians talk with parents about reading, moms and dads are more
likely to fill their home with books and read. Also, to help get more parents reading, the AAP is
partnering with organizations such as Scholastic and Too Small to Fail to help get reading materials to
new families who need books the most.
This is the first time the AAP has made a recommendation on children’s literary education and
it seems the timing might be just right as more and more parents are leaning on screens and
electronic gadget to occupy their babies. "The reality of today's world is that we're competing with
portable digital media," Dr. Alanna Levine, a pediatrician in Orangeburg, N.Y., told The New York
Times. "So you really want to arm parents with tools and rationale behind it about why it's important
to stick to the basics of things like books."
(Disponível em: . Adaptado.)
According to the information presented in the third paragraph,
a) the AAP will publish free books to help low-income families.
b) income influences reading habits since rich families can afford more books.
c) expensive books introduce more words and therefore vocabulary is expanded.
d) children that do not read aloud end up displaying learning problems.
e) certain books like Goodnight Moon are recommended by the AAP.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a B, pois, como lemos no terceiro parágrafo, "estudos revelam que crianças de
baixa renda, vindas de famílias menos educadas, possuem um número significativamente menor de
livros do que seus semelhantes mais abastados" ("Studies reveal that children from low-income, less-
educated families have significantly fewer books than their more affluent peers"). Isso significa que a
renda influencia os hábitos de leitura, pois famílias ricas podem comprar mais livros.
Questão 11
Pediatric group advises parents to read to kids
June 26, 2014
By Amy Graff
Reading Go Dog Go to your 6 month old might seem like wasted time because she’s more likely to eat
the book than help you turn the pages, but a statement released by the American Academy of
Pediatrics (AAP) this week says reading in the early years is essential. Reading out loud gets parents
talking to their babies and the sound of an adult’s voice stimulates that tiny yet rapidly growing
brain. In the statement, the academy advises pediatricians to tell parents to read books to their
children from birth.
Reading regularly with young children stimulates optimal patterns of brain development and
strengthens parent-child relationships at a critical time in child development, which, in turn, builds
language, literacy, and social-emotional skills that last a lifetime. Research shows that a child’s brain
develops faster between 0 and 3 than at any other time in life, making the early years a critical time
for babies to hear rich oral language. The more words children hear directed at them by parents and
caregivers, the more they learn.
While many babies are reading Goodnight Moon and The Very Hungry Caterpillar every night before
bed, others never get a chance to "pat the bunny." Studies reveal that children from low-income, less-
educated families have significantly fewer books than their more affluent peers. By age 4, children in
poverty hear 30 million fewer words than those in higher-income households. These dramatic gaps
result in significant learning disadvantages that persist into adulthood. The AAP hopes the new
guidelines will encourage all parents to start reading from day one.
Research shows that when pediatricians talk with parents about reading, moms and dads are more
likely to fill their home with books and read. Also, to help get more parents reading, the AAP is
partnering with organizations such as Scholastic and Too Small to Fail to help get reading materials to
new families who need books the most.
This is the first time the AAP has made a recommendation on children’s literary education and
it seems the timing might be just right as more and more parents are leaning on screens and
electronic gadget to occupy their babies. "The reality of today's world is that we're competing with
portable digital media," Dr. Alanna Levine, a pediatrician in Orangeburg, N.Y., told The New York
Times. "So you really want to arm parents with tools and rationale behind it about why it's important
to stick to the basics of things like books."
(Disponível em: . Adaptado.)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo "By age 4, children in poverty hear 30 million fewer words than those
in higher-income households.", o termo em destaque se refere às crianças
a) de famílias pobres.
b) de famílias com menor escolaridade.
c) de famílias de maior renda.
d) com problemas de aprendizagem.
e) com mais de quatro anos de idade.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a C. O termo "those", em destaque no trecho do terceiro parágrafo "By age 4,
children in poverty hear 30 million fewer words than those in higher-income households", se refere a
"crianças de famílias de maior renda" ("those [children] in higher-income households").Questão 12
People help a flamingo
A flamingo at a Brazilian zoo broke its leg. Unfortunately, the bottom portion of the leg had to
be amputated to stop it from getting infected.
The bird received a lightweight 18-centimeter artificial leg made of carbon fiber – a strong and light
material – with silicon ends.
The flamingo still limps a little, but it is becoming more comfortable with its new body part. It can
already put the leg under ____ body, something that flamingos often do.
Disponível em: . Adaptado.
O flamingo mencionado no texto
a) quebrou uma perna ao tentar fugir do zoológico.
b) foi capturado com uma perna quebrada e infeccionada.
c) adaptou-se completamente à perna artificial que lhe foi implantada.
d) ainda está mancando um pouco devido à perna artificial implantada.
e) tenta esconder a perna artificial, devido ao silicone.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
O flamingo mencionado no texto ainda está mancando um pouco ("The flamingo still limps a little but
it is becoming more comfortable with its new body part.") devido à perna artificial implantada ("The
bird received a lightweight 18-centimeter artificial leg made of carbon fiber...").
Questão 13
People help a flamingo
A flamingo at a Brazilian zoo broke its leg. Unfortunately, the bottom portion of the leg had to
be amputated to stop it from getting infected.
The bird received a lightweight 18-centimeter artificial leg made of carbon fiber – a strong and light
material – with silicon ends.
The flamingo still limps a little, but it is becoming more comfortable with its new body part. It can
already put the leg under ____ body, something that flamingos often do.
Disponível em: . Adaptado.
A perna artificial implantada no flamingo
a) é totalmente flexível, por ser feita de silicone.
b) teve que ser removida para evitar infecção.
c) tornou a ave a principal atração do zoológico.
d) é menor do que a perna natural da ave.
e) é feita de um material leve e resistente.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
De acordo com o texto, a perna artificial implantada no flamingo é feita de fibra de carbono, um
material leve e resistente ("The bird received a lightweight 18-centimeter artificial leg made of carbon
fiber – a strong and light material ").
Questão 14
People help a flamingo
A flamingo at a Brazilian zoo broke its leg. Unfortunately, the bottom portion of the leg had to
be amputated to stop it from getting infected.
The bird received a lightweight 18-centimeter artificial leg made of carbon fiber – a strong and light
material – with silicon ends.
The flamingo still limps a little, but it is becoming more comfortable with its new body part. It can
already put the leg under ____ body, something that flamingos often do.
Disponível em: . Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, colocar a perna sob o corpo é algo, para essa espécie de ave,
a) difícil.
b) comum.
c) perigoso.
d) espantoso.
e) impossível.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
De acordo com o texto, colocar a perna sob o corpo é algo, para essa espécie de ave, comum ("It can
already put the leg under its body, something that flamingos often do.").
Questão 15
People help a flamingo
A flamingo at a Brazilian zoo broke its leg. Unfortunately, the bottom portion of the leg had to
be amputated to stop it from getting infected.
The bird received a lightweight 18-centimeter artificial leg made of carbon fiber – a strong and light
material – with silicon ends.
The flamingo still limps a little, but it is becoming more comfortable with its new body part. It can
already put the leg under ____ body, something that flamingos often do.
Disponível em: . Adaptado.
A lacuna numerada no texto é corretamente preenchida por
a) its.
b) her.
c) his.
d) their.
e) your.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A lacuna numerada no texto é corretamente preenchida por "its", o adjetivo possessivo ("adjective
possessive") que, em inglês, modifica substantivos que designam coisas e animais, indicando
propriedade ou posse.
Questão 16
Pet theories – can animals increase our wellbeing?
 The body of evidence supporting the notion that
 pet ownership is good for your health grew even
 fatter this month. American researchers have
 discovered that owning a pet can significantly
5 reduce the risk of a common cancer. And that's not
 all.
 "There have been studies that have suggested
 pet owners are more likely to have higher self-worth
 and are less likely to suffer loneliness and
10 depression," says Dr. Deborah Wells of the
 University of Belfast, who has conducted several
 studies on the benefits of pet ownership. Wells says
 pets are particularly useful for children. "Pets can
 become like a therapist. If children are bullied at
15 school, or their parents are getting divorced, children
 will often tell their pets their problems whereas they
 wouldn't always talk to a person."
 The routine and "normality" of having a pet can
 help people suffering a traumatic event, such as
20 bereavement or a diagnosis of terminal illness. The
 researchers found that people with animals to care
 for adjusted far better after the death of someone
 close than those without pets. "We live in a society
 where we do not like to cry in front of people, but
25 there are a large number of people who can cry in
 front of their pets", one of the reseachers adds.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 28 ago. 2012. Adaptado.
Choose the alternative in which the information about the words extracted from the text is correct.
01) The suffixes “-ship”, in “ownership” (l. 2), “-ness”, in “loneliness” (l. 9) and “-ment”, in
“bereavement”, (l. 20) are used to form nouns in English.
02) The words “even” (l. 2) and “far” (l. 22) are used to emphasize or intensify the comparatives
“fatter” (l. 3) and “better” (l. 22).
04) The present perfect tense is used in the extracts “There have been studies” (l. 7) and “who has
conducted” (l. 11) to show that the activity is in progress at the moment.
08) In the extract “children will often tell their pets their problems whereas they wouldn’t always talk
to a person” (l. 15-17), the highlighted conjunction expresses a contrast of ideas.
16) The word “close” (l. 23) refers to someone you like or love.
Gabarito:
01 + 02 + 08 + 16 = 27
Resolução:
01) Correta. Os sufixos “-ship”, em “ownership” ("domínio", l. 2), “-ness”, em “loneliness” (l. 9), e “-
ment”, em “bereavement” ("perda", "privação", l. 20), são, de fato, todos usados para formar
substantivos na língua inglesa.
02) Correta. As palavras “even” ("ainda", l. 2) and “far” ( "muito", l. 22) são empregadas para
enfatizar e intensificar os comparativos “fatter” ("mais robusto", l. 3) e “better” ("melhor", l. 22).
04) Incorreta. Nos casos em foco, o present perfect foi empregado para conferir um efeito de ações
do passado no presente.
08) Correta. Há um contraste entre as ideias presentes no excerto, estabelecido pelo conectivo
"whereas" ("ao passo que").
16) Correta. A palavra "close" ("próximo", l. 23) se refere a alguém por quem se tem afeição, amor.
Questão 17
Pet theories – can animals increase our wellbeing?
 The body of evidence supporting the notion that
 pet ownership is good for your health grew even
 fatter this month. American researchers have
 discovered that owning a pet can significantly
5 reduce the risk of a common cancer. And that's not
 all.
 "There have been studies that have suggested
 pet owners are more likely to have higher self-worth
 and are less likely to suffer loneliness and
10 depression," says Dr. Deborah Wells of the
 University of Belfast, who has conducted several
 studies on the benefits of pet ownership. Wells says
 pets are particularly useful for children. "Pets can
 become like a therapist. If children are bullied at
15 school, or their parents are getting divorced, children
 will often tell their pets their problems whereas they
 wouldn't always talkto a person."
 The routine and "normality" of having a pet can
 help people suffering a traumatic event, such as
20 bereavement or a diagnosis of terminal illness. The
 researchers found that people with animals to care
 for adjusted far better after the death of someone
 close than those without pets. "We live in a society
 where we do not like to cry in front of people, but
25 there are a large number of people who can cry in
 front of their pets", one of the reseachers adds.
Disponível em: .
Acesso em: 28 ago. 2012. Adaptado.
According to the text, choose the correct alternative(s).
01) Having a pet is harmful for your health because animals can cause breathing problems.
02) Children who experience bullying can benefit from having pets as they feel more comfortable to
tell the animals their problems.
04) Owning a pet can be beneficial to people who are seriously ill.
08) Constant contact with a pet helps people to overcome personal losses.
16) Human beings are selfish and not able to share their experiences with another person.
Gabarito:
02 + 04 + 08 = 14
Resolução:
01) Incorreta. O texto não traz nenhuma informação que relacione animais de estimação à saúde
respiratória de seus cuidadores.
02) Correta. Conforme as linhas 13 e 17, os animais de estimação podem funcionar como terapeutas
para crianças que tenham sofrido bullying e outros problemas.
04) Correta. É o que se diz no terceiro parágrafo, no qual são pontuados benefícios dos animais de
estimação para pessoas que sofreram traumas tais como um diagnóstico de doença terminal.
08) Correta. O terceiro parágrafo também discorre sobre os benefícios dos animais de estimação para
quem tenha sofrido a perda ("bereavement") de alguém próximo.
16) Incorreta. O texto não afirma que os seres humanos são egoístas, mas que a sociedade impõe às
pessoas comportamentos "frios" como não chorar em público.
Questão 18
Pedal power
Are you planning a trip to Paris? You can visit the City of Light on a bike!
Every day, Julian gets up, gets dressed and goes to work in Paris, France. He usually goes by car, but
this week is different. Julian isn't taking his car, he's going by bike.
Julian is one of Paris's 195,000 users of Vélib', a bicycle hire network which started in 2007. With
Vélib', people can go to a special station and take a bicycle. They take it where they want to go, and
leave it at another station. There are thousands of Vélib' stations around the city with over 20,000
bicycles at their disposal.
It isn't only in France. Across Europe, projects like Vélib' are becoming popular. People are traveling
more by bicycle and less by car. There are urban bicycle networks in cities in Spain, England, Austria,
Germany, Holland, Denmark and Finland. Other countries across Europe are thinking of similar
projects.
"I think it's great. The trip to work is not very long, I feel good and it's cheap", says Julian.
Pick a Vélib' up from one station and then leave it at another one near your destination. What could
be easier than that?
CLANDFIELD, Lindsay; PICKERING, Kate. Global. Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2010.
Adaptado.
Com base no texto, analise os seguintes itens:
I. O projeto Vélib' é responsável pelo transporte diário de grande parte dos parisienses e, hoje, já
supera o uso do carro, dos ônibus e dos trens na França.
II. Vélib' é um projeto de mobilidade ousado, por isso ainda não encontrou adesão em países
importantes da Europa, como Espanha, Inglaterra e Alemanha.
III. Usuários do Vélib' podem pegar uma bicicleta numa determinada estação, ir para onde desejam e
deixá-la em outra, pois há milhares de estações Velib' em Paris.
IV. No caso do usuário Julian, o Vélib' só é viável porque ele reside perto do trabalho, mas é
desconfortável, além de não ser tão vantajoso quanto se propaga.
V. O projeto Vélib' teve início em 2007, em Paris, onde o número de usuários chega a 195.000, mas
esse serviço de transporte urbano já existe em outros países.
Estão corretos
a) I, III e V.
b) I, II e V.
c) III e V.
d) III e IV.
e) III, IV e V.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
I. Incorreto. Segundo o texto, o projeto Vélib' está de fato contribuindo para o aumento de usuários de
bicicleta como transporte em Paris e em toda a Europa. No entanto, não se afirma em momento
algum que o projeto é atualmente responsável pelo transporte diário de grande parte dos parisienses
ou que já superou o uso do carro, dos ônibus e dos trens na França.
II. Incorreto. Segundo o texto, o projeto de mobilidade Vélib' já encontrou adesão em países
importantes da Europa, como Espanha, Inglaterra e Alemanha.
III. Correto. Lemos no artigo que usuários do Vélib' podem pegar uma bicicleta numa determinada
estação, ir para onde desejam e deixá-la em outra, pois há milhares de estações Velib' em Paris.
IV. Incorreto. Em nenhum momento se diz que, no caso de Julian, o Vélib' só é viável porque ele
reside perto do trabalho. Além disso, este usuário considera o Vélib' uma solução barata e que o faz
se sentir bem ("'I think it's great. The trip to work is not very long, I feel good and it's cheap', says
Julian"), contrariando o que é dito na assertiva.
V. Correto. Conforme o texto, o projeto Vélib' teve início em 2007, em Paris, onde o número de
usuários chega a 195.000, mas esse serviço de transporte urbano também existe em outros países.
Questão 19
Pedal power
Are you planning a trip to Paris? You can visit the City of Light on a bike!
Every day, Julian gets up, gets dressed and goes to work in Paris, France. He usually goes by car, but
this week is different. Julian isn't taking his car, he's going by bike.
Julian is one of Paris's 195,000 users of Vélib', a bicycle hire network which started in 2007. With
Vélib', people can go to a special station and take a bicycle. They take it where they want to go, and
leave it at another station. There are thousands of Vélib' stations around the city with over 20,000
bicycles at their disposal.
It isn't only in France. Across Europe, projects like Vélib' are becoming popular. People are traveling
more by bicycle and less by car. There are urban bicycle networks in cities in Spain, England, Austria,
Germany, Holland, Denmark and Finland. Other countries across Europe are thinking of similar
projects.
"I think it's great. The trip to work is not very long, I feel good and it's cheap", says Julian.
Pick a Vélib' up from one station and then leave it at another one near your destination. What could
be easier than that?
CLANDFIELD, Lindsay; PICKERING, Kate. Global. Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2010.
Adaptado.
When Julian says: "It's great. The trip to work is not long, I feel good and it's cheap", he is
a) expressing his own opinion about the project.
b) suggesting that only Vélib' is a safe means of transport.
c) expressing disagreement with this means of transport.
d) requesting help to get a bike in a Vélib' station.
e) offering a tourist help in a Vélib' station in Paris.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A fala de Julian – "It's great. The trip to work is not long, I feel good and it's cheap" ("É ótimo. O trajeto
até o trabalho não é longo, me sinto bem e é barato") – expressa sua opinião como usuário acerca do
projeto Vélib'.
Questão 20
Pedal power
Are you planning a trip to Paris? You can visit the City of Light on a bike!
Every day, Julian gets up, gets dressed and goes to work in Paris, France. He usually goes by car, but
this week is different. Julian isn't taking his car, he's going by bike.
Julian is one of Paris's 195,000 users of Vélib', a bicycle hire network which started in 2007. With
Vélib', people can go to a special station and take a bicycle. They take it where they want to go, and
leave it at another station. There are thousands of Vélib' stations around the city with over 20,000
bicycles at their disposal.
It isn't only in France. Across Europe, projects like Vélib' are becoming popular. People are traveling
more by bicycle and lessby car. There are urban bicycle networks in cities in Spain, England, Austria,
Germany, Holland, Denmark and Finland. Other countries across Europe are thinking of similar
projects.
"I think it's great. The trip to work is not very long, I feel good and it's cheap", says Julian.
Pick a Vélib' up from one station and then leave it at another one near your destination. What could
be easier than that?
CLANDFIELD, Lindsay; PICKERING, Kate. Global. Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2010.
Adaptado.
Verifique a análise linguística do texto "Pedal power" e assinale a alternativa incorreta.
a) Os termos "more" e "less", no 3º parágrafo, indicam ações que estão em oposição.
b) Em "Julian isn't taking his car, he's going by bike", o tempo verbal indica as ações habituais do
sujeito, o que ele faz cotidianamente.
c) A sentença "There are urban bicycle networks in cities in Spain, England, Austria […]" expressa um
fato.
d) Em "They take it where they want to go, and leave it at another station", os pronomes destacados
substituem as palavras "users" ou "people".
e) Na oração "He usually goes by car, but this week is different", o conector em destaque expressa
ideia de contraste.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
No trecho, o uso da forma negativa do verbo "to be" ("isn't") contradiz justamente aquilo que é um
hábito para Julian, introduzindo o que ele fará de diferente naquela semana.